No summary available.

Betty Webb, a celebrated code breaker from Bletchley Park during World War II, has passed away at the age of 101. She was one of the last surviving code breakers and contributed significantly to deciphering enemy messages, including Japanese codes at the Pentagon. Born Charlotte "Betty" Webb MBE, she started working at Bletchley Park at 18 and was awarded France's highest honor, the Légion d'Honneur, in 2021.

Mrs. Webb was known for inspiring women in the Army and dedicated her efforts to preserving the history of Bletchley Park. She initially volunteered to serve her country while studying and kept her work secret until 1975. After the war, she worked as a secretary in Shropshire, where she faced challenges due to her classified background.

In her later years, she celebrated her 100th birthday at Bletchley Park and attended the coronation of King Charles III in 2023. Tributes have poured in, highlighting her remarkable life and contributions.

Summary of WattWise: Terminal-Based Power Monitoring Using Smart Plugs

Overview: WattWise is a terminal-based tool designed for monitoring power usage from TP-Link Kasa smart plugs. It helps balance high-performance computing demands with electricity costs, especially in areas with variable electricity pricing.

Key Features:

• Real-time Monitoring: Displays current power usage, with color-coded indicators (green for low, yellow for medium, red for high).
• Historical Data: Shows consumption trends directly in the terminal.
• Power Management: Automatically adjusts CPU and GPU performance based on electricity pricing to save energy during peak hours.
• Deployment Options: Can be installed from source code or via Docker, and supports both direct smart plug access and Home Assistant integration.

Technical Aspects:

• The tool uses a simplified PI (Proportional-Integral) control method for power management, focusing on immediate and accumulated errors to optimize performance without unnecessary complexity.
• The interface is user-friendly, featuring a large wattage display and real-time updates.

Limitations:

• Currently supports only one Kasa smart plug with energy monitoring capabilities.
• Requires Linux systems for power management features.

Usage: To set up, users can clone the repository and install the necessary requirements. Basic commands allow for quick power readings or continuous monitoring.

Future Improvements: Plans include supporting multiple smart plugs, compatibility with more brands, better visualization, and enhanced predictive algorithms.

Conclusion: WattWise is an open-source project aimed at simplifying power monitoring and management for high-performance workstations. Feedback and contributions are encouraged from users.

Summary of "Why F#?"

The author reflects on their return to .NET after a long break and shares their positive impressions of the F# programming language, which is part of the ML family. F# is designed to allow developers to write clean, efficient, and robust code while being open-source and cross-platform.

Key Features of F#:

• Lightweight syntax and immutable by default.
• Type inference and first-class functions.
• Powerful data types and pattern matching.
• Asynchronous programming capabilities.

F# was first released in 2005, developed by Don Syme, and has evolved significantly, with the latest version being F# 9.0, released in November 2024. The author is intrigued by F# due to .NET's open-source status, its tooling, and its potential advantages over OCaml, a language they enjoy.

Language Syntax: F# has a syntax familiar to those who know OCaml or Haskell, making it relatively easy to learn for newcomers. The author provides examples of F# code that highlight its simplicity and expressiveness.

Ecosystem and Libraries: The F# ecosystem includes web development libraries like Giraffe and Suave, as well as data science tools like Deedle. However, there is a limited number of native F# libraries compared to C#.

Development Tools: F# tooling has improved, with strong support in editors like Visual Studio, Rider, and VS Code through community-driven projects. The F# Community has developed tools like Paket for dependency management.

Community and Popularity: The F# community is small but active, and the language is not widely popular compared to mainstream languages. The author believes that the "F" in F# stands for "Fun," reflecting their enjoyable experience with the language.

Conclusion: F# is a practical choice for .NET developers and offers a great experience for those looking to explore functional programming. The author encourages others to consider F# for its ease of use, powerful features, and the fun of programming in it.

Summary: We Can, Must, and Will Simulate Nematode Brains

Scientists have been trying for over 25 years to create computer simulations of the nematode brain, which has just 300 neurons. Although past attempts have struggled, advancements in technology now make it feasible, and it is seen as essential for future neuroscience.

The journey began in the 1970s when C. elegans was recognized as a valuable model for studying simple brain structures. Initial mapping of its neural connections occurred in the 1980s, but real progress in simulation has been slow due to technological limitations and a lack of understanding of how neuronal connections function.

Recent improvements in imaging techniques allow researchers to observe live neuronal activity in real time. New methods, like light sheet microscopy and advanced fluorescent indicators, enhance our ability to study these simple brains and gather data from many individuals.

The key to successful brain simulation lies not only in mapping connections but also in understanding the dynamic behavior of neurons. By leveraging modern imaging and machine learning, scientists are optimistic that they can accurately simulate the C. elegans brain. This could pave the way for more complex brain simulations, including those of larger organisms and potentially humans.

In conclusion, while challenges remain, the current technological landscape offers unprecedented opportunities for brain simulation research, making this an exciting time for scientists in the field.

Summary of Pacemaker Cells and Heart Rhythm

• Pacemaker Cells: The sinoatrial node (or sinus node) in the right atrium acts as the heart's natural pacemaker, generating the fastest rate of spontaneous activation. This rhythm is known as sinus rhythm, which is the normal heartbeat.

• Sinus Tachycardia: If the sinus node sends signals at over 100 beats per minute, it leads to a condition called sinus tachycardia, which increases blood flow, especially during exercise.

• Reentry Tachycardia: In this condition, a group of heart cells creates a circuit that allows a wave of depolarization to continuously stimulate the heart, bypassing the sinus node. This often occurs around a non-responsive area, like scar tissue from a heart attack.

• Initiating a Reentrant Loop: A reentrant loop starts when a wave of depolarization travels in one direction around a non-responsive area. If one pathway has cells with a longer refractory period, it can allow the wave to propagate while the other pathway is still recovering.

• Fibrillation: This is a more chaotic form of arrhythmia where depolarization waves move irregularly through heart tissue, rather than in a structured loop. It can lead to serious conditions like atrial or ventricular fibrillation.

• Simulation and Interaction: The text mentions interactive simulations that allow users to manipulate heart rhythms and observe how ectopic beats can influence the heart's normal rhythm.

Overall, the heart relies on specialized cells to maintain a steady rhythm, and disruptions can lead to various arrhythmias, which can be simulated and studied to understand their mechanisms.

No summary available.

Summary:

On April 1, 2025, Tero Piirainen introduced Nue, a web framework designed to optimize modern web standards (HTML, CSS, JS) for better performance. The framework allows apps to be lighter than a typical React button, showcasing impressive benchmarks.

Nue features a Rust computation engine that supports instant operations on over 150,000 records, overcoming limitations faced by JavaScript engines. The framework also significantly accelerates build speeds and offers instant feedback during development, making it easier for engineers who typically struggle with React's complexities.

Nue aims to simplify the development process for Rust, Go, and JavaScript engineers by promoting a model-first approach and reducing dependencies. It also helps design engineers create simpler systems using modern CSS and empowers UX engineers to focus on user experience without being bogged down by intricate frameworks.

Nue is still in development and seeks to transform web development by addressing the complexities that have become common in the industry, ultimately making it a more enjoyable experience for developers. Interested individuals can join a mailing list to stay updated on its progress.

No summary available.

No summary available.

In a humorous anecdote posted on April 1, 2025, a former database programmer recounts a practical joke he pulled at his university job shortly after graduating. He discovered that he could change the message displayed on campus printers to read “INSERT 5 CENTS” as a prank. On April Fools' Day, he implemented a script that changed the display on all networked LaserJet printers, which made it seem like users had to pay to print.

He also sent out a campus-wide email announcing a new fee policy for printing, which caused confusion and chaos among staff who didn’t know it was a joke. While some colleagues found it amusing, the university administration panicked, leading to a series of retractions and apologies. The prank garnered mixed reactions, with some laughing and others upset, especially since his boss was away on vacation during the incident.

Despite the initial trouble, the prank became legendary, and he received a note with a nickel taped to it as a humorous acknowledgment of his joke. Eventually, the situation calmed down, and he was only lightly reprimanded in his performance review. The story highlights the fun and risks of practical jokes in a workplace setting.

The Geography and Map Division has a collection of globe gores, which are printed paper strips used to create globes. These gores come in various sizes and date from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Globe gores can be terrestrial (showing the Earth) or celestial (showing the sky) and are shaped like footballs. They allow globe-makers to quickly assemble globes without needing to create maps from scratch.

The history of globe-making goes back to ancient Greece, with records showing that the Greeks understood the Earth was round. The earliest known globe was made around 150 B.C. by Cratus of Mallus. The oldest surviving terrestrial globe, made in 1492 by Martin Behaim, features over 2,000 place names. Martin Waldseemüller created the first printed globe gores in 1507, which also included the first appearance of the name "America" on a map.

Johann Schöner and Gerard Mercator improved globe-making techniques in the 16th century, with Mercator introducing copper engraving for greater detail. Jodocus Hondius, a contemporary of Mercator, published many updated globe gores.

Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, a 17th-century cartographer, made large globes for King Louis XIV and later produced smaller printed globe gores. His work included detailed and artistic representations of the globes.

Modern globe gores incorporate features from their historical predecessors, including the analemma, which shows the sun's position throughout the year. The collection at the Geography and Map Division showcases various formats of globe gores, from original sheets to assembled globes.

No summary available.

CERN is a research organization that studies the fundamental particles that make up the universe using advanced scientific instruments. Its mission includes conducting fundamental research, contributing to society, promoting environmentally responsible practices, and fostering international collaboration.

Key achievements at CERN include the discovery of particles like the Higgs boson, W boson, and Z boson, as well as the development of the Large Hadron Collider and contributions to the creation of the World Wide Web.

CERN's research covers a wide range of topics in physics, from antimatter to dark matter and the early universe. The organization also operates several accelerators, including the Large Hadron Collider, and has a strong computing infrastructure, including the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.

CERN provides various resources for the public, educators, and scientists, promoting knowledge sharing and education in the field of particle physics.

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The text discusses techniques for drawing curves that resemble ellipses using fixed radius arcs instead of actual ellipses. Bruno Postle explains that while traditional methods for drawing ellipses involved calipers and compasses, modern CAD tools make it easier to create ellipses. The challenge now is converting these ellipses into practical curves for construction.

Here’s a simplified summary of the key points:

1. Using Arcs Instead of Ellipses: Instead of drawing true ellipses, which can be complex, it's more practical to use fixed radius arcs that look similar.

2. Drawing Technique: The process involves starting with an ellipse in CAD, dividing a circle into segments, and using these segments to guide the drawing of arcs.

3. Angle Segments: The author suggests dividing the circle into specific angle segments (like 15, 30, or 45 degrees) to create a variety of arch shapes.

4. Final Result: The resulting arcs can create arches that appear like ellipses, making them suitable for structures like stadiums and arenas.

5. Versatility: This method can be adapted for different designs, including pointed arches and other curves.

Overall, the article emphasizes practical techniques for creating visually appealing curves that are easier to work with in construction.

The text includes a JavaScript code snippet that manages the restoration of a sidebar's scroll position and open state when the page is revisited, but only if the screen width is sufficient. It checks if specific elements and session storage data are available and matches a hash value. If valid, it defines a custom HTML element to restore the sidebar's state based on the stored data.

Additionally, it lists various sections related to Tauri, a software framework for building desktop applications. These sections cover quick starts, core concepts, security, development tools, debugging, plugins, distribution methods, and more. The document contains version information for Tauri and its components, showing ongoing updates and releases.

In summary, the text discusses restoring sidebar states in a web application and provides an overview of Tauri's framework structure and updates.

Use a smart metronome that tracks your practice metrics and provides useful insights. It focuses on improving speed, endurance, accuracy, and adaptability.

Key points:

• No music theory knowledge is needed.
• You can use a library of exercises or create your own.
• It's free, with no ads or sign-up required.
• Accessible on any browser, on both PC and smartphones, with no app download necessary.
• Your data is stored on your device, and you can export or delete it whenever you want.
• It can work offline if your browser supports it.

The Go App Optimization Guide helps developers create faster and more efficient applications using the Go programming language. It offers practical patterns, real-world examples, and performance insights for building high-throughput APIs, microservices, and distributed systems.

Although Go has fewer performance tuning options compared to languages like C++ or Rust, it provides several ways to enhance application speed. Key techniques include:

• Using sync.Pool effectively
• Avoiding unnecessary memory allocations
• Optimizing struct layout and memory alignment
• Efficient error handling
• Utilizing zero-cost abstractions with interfaces
• Reusing slices for in-place sorting

The guide aims to provide actionable strategies with measurable results, supported by benchmarks and examples.

Upcoming topics include high-performance networking, focusing on building efficient network services and managing many concurrent connections. This will cover techniques for using Go’s standard library and when to consider lower-level libraries for better performance.

This series is designed for backend engineers, developers of latency-sensitive systems, teams migrating to Go, and anyone interested in Go's performance capabilities. More articles and resources will be added over time.

Karl Jobst, a YouTuber from Queensland, has been ordered by a Brisbane court to pay $350,000 to American gamer Billy Mitchell after being found guilty of defamation. Jobst made false claims in a 2021 YouTube video, linking Mitchell to a lawsuit and the suicide of another YouTuber, Apollo Legend.

The court determined that Jobst acted "recklessly" and did not verify the truth of his allegations before publishing the video. Judge Ken Barlow noted that Jobst's claims severely harmed Mitchell's reputation, despite Mitchell's existing controversies over cheating accusations in his gaming records.

Jobst was also criticized for his refusal to back down and for mocking Mitchell after the complaints were made. The court awarded Mitchell $300,000 for non-economic damages and $50,000 for aggravated damages due to Jobst's persistent and malicious actions. Additionally, Jobst must pay over $40,000 in interest and legal costs.

Summary of pico-pubsub

• Overview: pico-pubsub is a minimalistic PubSub library for JavaScript, with no dependencies and a size of only 149 bytes, making it smaller than other similar libraries.

• Purpose: It was created with JS13K games in mind and aims to be lightweight. The developer is open to suggestions for further size reductions.

• Basic Functions:

  • sub(event, callback): Subscribes to an event and returns an unsubscribe function.
  • pub(eventName, data): Publishes an event with associated data.

• Example Usage:

  • Install with npm install pico-pubsub.
  • Import and use the library to subscribe to an event and publish it. Unsubscribing is also straightforward.

• Troubleshooting: TypeScript support might be added later, but a snippet is provided for basic global declarations.

• Competition: Other libraries like nano-pubsub (194 bytes) and tiny-pubsub (401 bytes) are larger but offer similar functionalities.

• Conclusion: pico-pubsub is a compact and efficient solution for event handling in JavaScript, ideal for projects where size is a critical factor.

KOReader is a versatile document viewer designed for e-ink readers and various devices like Kindle, Kobo, and Android.

Key Features:

• Compatibility: Works on many devices and can be emulated on Linux and MacOS.
• Document Support: Reads multiple formats including PDFs, EPUBs, and more. It can reflow scanned PDFs and DjVu files.
• User Interface: Offers a customizable, multi-lingual interface with options for margins, spacing, and fonts.
• Integration: Connects with services like calibre, Wikipedia, and Google Translate for enhanced functionality.
• E-ink Optimization: Designed for e-ink displays with simple menus and adjustable text settings.
• Extensibility: Supports plugins and has features like dictionary lookups and online catalog integration.
• Speed: Faster page-turning on some older devices compared to built-in readers.

For installation, users should follow specific steps for their device type. The project relies on volunteer contributions for development and support. You can help by fixing bugs, translating, or documenting features. Donations are accepted through liberapay.

The U.S. Marine Corps is set to receive advanced electric seagliders, known as the Viceroy, from Regent Craft. These seagliders can travel up to 180 mph over a distance of about 180 miles. Regent Craft recently secured a $10 million follow-up contract after successfully completing earlier tests, including sea trials of a full-scale prototype.

The Viceroy seaglider features the ability to take off and land on water, eliminating the need for runways, which can be vulnerable in military operations. They are also designed to be low-profile, reducing detection by radar and sonar. This makes them particularly useful for rescue missions and logistics in contested maritime areas.

Regent is enhancing its manufacturing capabilities with a new facility in Rhode Island, expected to be operational by 2026. The development of these seagliders comes at a time when military strategies are increasingly focused on maritime challenges. Their design may significantly improve efficiency in transporting personnel and supplies during operations in difficult coastal environments.

The demoscene has been recognized as a national UNESCO heritage in Sweden, thanks to an application by Ziphoid and the author. This recognition is part of a broader effort across Europe to celebrate the demoscene, which is one of the oldest digital subcultures. The demoscene focuses on creative competitions that showcase digital skills, but not all participants are competitive; some prioritize artistic expression or community involvement.

The author highlights the difference between their research on the demoscene and their personal experiences, which emphasize local gatherings and friendships over large events. The scene is diverse, attracting people from various backgrounds, each with their own reasons for participating. This mix of traditional values and openness is a key reason for its recognition as intangible heritage.

The text discusses the significance of ultramarine dye in medieval art, particularly in depicting the Virgin Mary, highlighting the labor-intensive process of obtaining and producing this rare color. It emphasizes how the Catholic Church symbolically used ultramarine to represent divine perfection, contrasting it with the more accessible modern art forms, such as those created with synthetic ultramarine. The author reflects on the changing appreciation for art and beauty in a world where technology makes experiences more common and less profound, suggesting that easy access to art can lead to a diminished sense of wonder.

The discussion extends to the impact of AI and technology on our cultural appreciation, warning against a "semantic apocalypse" where the abundance of art and information leads to a loss of meaning. The author advocates for a personal approach to maintaining appreciation for beauty, encouraging individuals to cultivate a renewed sense of wonder rather than succumbing to cynicism about easily accessible art. Ultimately, it suggests that maintaining innocence and curiosity can allow us to experience the richness of art and life, even in a world flooded with imitations.

Summary: The Guardian's Success Without a Paywall

The Guardian US has thrived without a paywall, attracting donations to support its journalism. Editor Betsy Reed emphasizes that the newspaper is free from billionaire ownership and corporate pressures, allowing it to focus on fair reporting, especially during politically sensitive times. Since the Washington Post and Los Angeles Times faced ownership issues, The Guardian's fundraising appeals have become more urgent, leading to a significant increase in reader donations.

In 2025, The Guardian US expects to receive $44 million in voluntary donations, a 33% increase from the previous year. This funding covers over 60% of its revenue, with the audience growing to more than 350,000 recurring supporters. The Guardian's model appeals to those seeking reliable news without subscription costs, especially amid a crisis of access to information.

The newspaper's audience is split between American and global readers, and it has seen monthly unique visitors surpass those of The Wall Street Journal. While other media outlets are exploring different payment models, The Guardian's no-paywall approach has proven effective. However, the sustainability of donations remains a concern, especially in a world with ongoing crises that keep audiences engaged.

Here’s a simplified summary of the text:

• Recent Changes by Tristan Williams:

  • 32 hours ago: Improved instructions.
  • 41 hours ago: Adjusted code to follow PEP 8 style guidelines.
  • 45 hours ago: Confirmed that the code works after testing.
  • 45 hours ago: Realized the need to test before making commits.
  • 45 hours ago: Refactored code for future development.
  • 10 days ago: Ensured consistent style in the code.
  • 12 days ago: Made sure a specific file uses UTF-8 encoding.
  • 13 days ago: Updated instructions.
  • 13 days ago: Acknowledged the need to test before committing.
  • 13 days ago: Fixed a typo.

• Repository Information:

  • The project can be cloned from the provided Git links.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Interview with Jussi Koskela, Creator of Deluxe Ski Jump

Jussi Koskela, a Finnish game developer, created Deluxe Ski Jump, a popular ski jumping simulator, in 1999. The game stands out for its realistic flying experience, which Koskela achieved by allowing players full control over their jumps without relying on artificial cues. This immersive design connects players physically to the jumper's movements.

Koskela started programming games as a child and released his first commercial game, Fatal Fumes, during his teens. He faced challenges in creating Deluxe Ski Jump, especially with time constraints and developing believable graphics. His innovative two-button control mechanism enhanced the gameplay experience.

Despite declining interest in real-life ski jumping in Finland, Deluxe Ski Jump remains popular, particularly in Poland, where a wave of enthusiasm around ski jumper Adam Małysz brought new players. The latest version, Deluxe Ski Jump 4, incorporates realistic physics and allows players to create their own jumping hills.

Currently, Koskela is working on updates for the game, focusing on enhancing offline modes and customization options. Deluxe Ski Jump is also showcased at the Finnish Museum of Games, where visitors can experience the game and view related memorabilia.

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Summary of Canoeing on the Danube

The Danube is Europe’s second longest river, popular for canoeing, especially in the summer from Germany to Hungary. An annual event called Tour International Danube features a large group paddling the river, providing useful itineraries with daily distances and lock locations.

Maps and Navigation:

• The recommended maps for canoeing are BIKELINE maps for the Danube Cycle Path, which offer detailed information.
• In the last 300km in Romania, you'll need an updated map due to many islands.

Permits and Regulations:

• No river permit is needed to canoe the Danube, but follow specific country rules (e.g., life jackets in Austria, boat identification in Germany).

Dams and Locks:

• There are over 100 dams, mostly in Germany and Austria, with clear signage.
• Portaging around dams usually involves carrying or wheeling the canoe, with some ramps available.
• Be aware of delays at locks, especially in Serbia/Romania.

River Conditions:

• Expect river traffic and light rapids in the first 200km from the source. After Kelheim, the river is calmer.

Border Crossings:

• Crossing borders (e.g., Hungary to Serbia) requires checking in and out at customs offices along the river.

Canoeing Duration:

• Average daily distance is about 60km, taking around 45 days from Kelheim, with longer days if you're in a hurry.

Canoe Storage:

• Use a bike lock to secure your canoe when stopping. Canoe clubs offer safe storage options.

Canoeing the Delta:

• The Danube Delta has three main navigation routes. The southern Sfantul Gheorghe route is recommended for its beauty.

Black Sea Canal:

• A 45km shortcut to the Black Sea exists but involves manual portaging at locks.

Water Purification:

• Chlorine tablets can be used for water purification, but it's also fine to refill your water supply when possible.

For more inquiries, you can reach out via their contact form. Note that this information may be outdated and should be verified for current conditions and regulations.

Summary of "Chrome for Developers" Blog Post

• Customizable <select> Element: Starting with Chrome 135, developers can now style the <select> element using CSS, making it more accessible and visually appealing. This feature has taken years of development and collaboration.

• New CSS Property: The property appearance: base-select allows for a configurable <select> that includes new features and a minimal design optimized for customization. However, it removes some traditional functionalities, such as rendering outside the browser pane.

• Rich HTML Content: Developers can now include rich HTML, like images and SVGs, within <option> elements. This change allows for more complex designs, though it may affect existing websites due to parsing changes.

• JavaScript Compatibility: Existing JavaScript interactions with <select> elements remain unaffected. However, adjustments may be needed when using rich HTML content in options.

• Future Developments: More customizable "base" elements are expected to be introduced, and resources for further guidance and examples will continue to be added.

• Community Contributions: Many developers contributed to this project, and a variety of resources and examples are provided for those interested in using these new features.

Summary:

If you see white stuff on your cheese, it might not be mold—often, it's calcium lactate or crystals. Calcium lactate appears on aged cheeses like cheddar and indicates they are well-aged. Cheeses can also have "flavor crystals" formed from amino acid breakdown during aging, such as tyrosine and leucine, which create a crunchy texture.

There are two types of crystals in cheese: inorganic (like calcium phosphate) from minerals and organic (like tyrosine) from protein breakdown. Inorganic crystals might be present under the rinds of certain cheeses, while organic crystals are generally found inside and add a pleasant crunch.

If the white is hard and crunchy, it’s likely a good sign of a flavorful cheese. If it’s soft, it could be mold, which can be cut off. So, don’t throw away cheese with white spots; check it first!

No summary available.

No summary available.

The article discusses the need for AI agents to prioritize reliability over advanced capabilities. It suggests that while having powerful features is important, ensuring that AI systems are dependable and consistent in their performance is crucial. This shift in focus aims to improve user trust and satisfaction with AI technology.

Ken Shirriff's blog discusses the microcode circuitry of the original Pentium processor. Microcode is a layer of software that helps control how a processor executes machine instructions. Instead of using complex logic gates, the Pentium uses microcode stored in a dedicated ROM to translate machine instructions into simpler micro-instructions.

Key highlights include:

• The Pentium's microcode ROM consists of two banks, providing a total of 90-bit micro-instructions and holding 4608 micro-instructions in total.
• The ROM features a complex layout of transistors that determine the stored bits, with transistors representing binary values (0 or 1).
• The Microcode Address Register (MAR) holds the address of the current micro-instruction and can perform various operations, like branching to new instructions or handling subroutine calls.
• To select the appropriate microcode output, the processor uses row-select drivers and multiplexers, which manage the large number of transistors and outputs efficiently.
• The Pentium includes testing circuitry to ensure the chip functions correctly, utilizing pseudo-random number generators and checksums to verify the integrity of the ROM.

Overall, the Pentium's microcode ROM is a complex but essential part of its processing architecture, showcasing advancements in microprocessor design.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Turso has launched the public beta of its Offline Sync feature, allowing applications to function without internet connectivity. This means local database operations can continue, and changes will automatically sync to the Turso Cloud once the connection is restored.

Key features include:

• Bi-directional sync: Local changes can be pushed to the cloud and vice versa.
• Remote write support: Embedded databases can now accept local writes.
• Conflict detection: The system can identify conflicts, though resolution is not yet implemented.

This feature is beneficial for various applications, including mobile apps, point-of-sale systems, field data collection, and IoT applications. It enables developers to create responsive, offline-capable applications easily.

To get started with Turso Offline Sync, developers can create a new database and utilize it in applications built with TypeScript or Rust. While the beta is available, it is not recommended for production use due to potential data loss.

Turso is actively seeking user feedback and will continue to improve the feature, with plans for future updates like conflict resolution and encryption. Users can join the Turso Discord for updates and support.

No summary available.

Kagi, an ad-free subscription search engine, introduced a new billing policy called "no use, no pay," which means customers won't be charged if they don't use the service in a month. This change, suggested during a brainstorming session, aimed to enhance customer satisfaction without focusing on immediate revenue impacts.

The decision quickly gained attention online, highlighting how billing practices can significantly affect a company's reputation. Although the update required careful implementation due to potential complexities in billing systems, it ultimately made existing customers happier and attracted new users who appreciated the reduced risk.

However, the article notes that such a policy might not be feasible for most SaaS companies, as it could threaten their recurring revenue. Kagi, being a Public Benefit Corporation, can prioritize long-term customer trust over short-term profits, which is a luxury many startups cannot afford.

Summary:

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new standard for connecting AI models to external data sources, developed by Anthropic in late 2024. It aims to simplify how AI systems like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Anthropic's Claude access information, much like a USB-C port standardizes connections for devices. This protocol allows various AI models to easily integrate with different services without needing custom setups for each one.

MCP has gained support from major tech companies, including Microsoft and OpenAI, and has led to over 300 open-source projects that demonstrate its versatility. It allows AI models to retrieve real-time information from databases, messaging platforms, and more, enhancing their capabilities.

The protocol operates on a client-server model, where the AI acts as a client that requests data from servers. This setup can be local or remote, making it flexible for developers.

While still in its early stages, MCP has the potential to reduce dependency on specific AI providers and facilitate the use of smaller, more efficient AI models. Anthropic has made MCP an open-source initiative, inviting contributions and collaboration from the tech community.

Google is currently continuing to introduce the Astra camera and screen sharing features to Gemini Live.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered that most galaxies rotate in a clockwise direction. In a study of 263 galaxies, about two-thirds were found to spin clockwise, while one-third rotated counterclockwise. This finding contradicts the common belief that galaxies should rotate equally in both directions, as our universe is thought to be isotropic, meaning it looks the same from all angles.

There are two main theories to explain this unexpected rotation pattern. One theory suggests that the universe may have started out rotating, possibly due to existing within a black hole, which could influence the spin of galaxies. The second theory posits that the Milky Way's rotation might affect how we observe other galaxies, potentially making those rotating in the opposite direction appear brighter and more numerous.

Further research is needed to confirm these theories and resolve questions about the universe's expansion and galaxy formation.

OpenAI launched its image generation feature in ChatGPT, leading to a rapid trend where users created Studio Ghibli-style portraits of themselves and others. This phenomenon highlighted the blend of AI, art, and user engagement, with many expressing joy over the ability to generate these images quickly. However, it also raised concerns from artists, particularly Hayao Miyazaki, about the devaluation of handcrafted art in the face of mass production by AI.

Critics pointed out that while the technology allows for creative expression, it also risks diluting the emotional depth and uniqueness of art, turning meaningful narratives into mere reproductions. Despite the potential for a wide range of creative outputs, many users focused on replicating the same Ghibli aesthetic.

The overwhelming interest in Ghibli-style creations overshadowed other significant AI advancements, showcasing how cultural impact can sometimes outweigh technical superiority. As the trend continues, the importance of art direction and unique concepts is expected to increase, highlighting the need for human creativity in an era of AI-generated content. OpenAI is also adjusting its policies in response to user behavior, indicating ongoing discussions about the implications of AI in art.

Summary of "The Pragmatic Open Source Contributor"

This guide provides a step-by-step approach for developers looking to contribute to open source projects, aiming to encourage participation and ease common barriers.

Key Steps in the Contribution Process:

1. Talk to Legal: Get approval from your legal team to avoid risks to yourself or your company.
2. Get the Lay of the Land: Understand the project's contribution process and maintainer dynamics before submitting changes.
3. Get Maintainer Buy-In: Engage with maintainers to gain support for significant changes, ensuring clear communication and agreement on the scope of your contribution.
4. Do the Work: Focus on coding while following best practices like forking, adding tests, and keeping changes atomic and backward-compatible.
5. Do the Other Work: Write good documentation and provide examples to clarify your contributions.
6. Finish Line: Submit your patch and actively engage with maintainers for feedback.
7. Tie It Off: After acceptance, thank maintainers, document future steps, and integrate your changes back into your internal systems.

Conclusion:

Many developers hesitate to contribute due to concerns about their role, legal issues, past frustrations, and time commitments. This guide aims to empower them by outlining a practical process for contributions, emphasizing the importance of open source for both personal growth and community benefit.

The text discusses the dangerous chemical dioxygen difluoride (FOOF), a compound derived from fluorine and oxygen. The preparation of FOOF involves heating a mixture of fluorine and oxygen to around 700°C, which is extremely hazardous and typically avoided by chemists.

First created in 1932, FOOF is highly unstable and only safe to store at very low temperatures. Historical experiments, especially by A.G. Streng in the 1960s, revealed that FOOF is a powerful oxidizer that reacts violently with various substances, causing explosions even at very low temperatures. Streng's work included many reactions that are too dangerous to repeat today.

Currently, FOOF is not widely used, except in specific applications at Los Alamos National Laboratory related to national security. Interestingly, a chemical supplier in China claims to sell FOOF in large quantities, which raises skepticism about their actual ability to provide such a hazardous material. Overall, the text highlights the extreme risks and limited practical use of dioxygen difluoride in chemistry.

Summary of airflow-ai-sdk

The airflow-ai-sdk is a software development kit (SDK) for integrating large language models (LLMs) into Apache Airflow pipelines. Here are the key points:

• Functionality: The SDK allows users to use decorators to call LLMs and manage AI workflows within Airflow tasks. Key decorators include:

  • @task.llm: For calling LLMs.
  • @task.agent: For orchestrating complex reasoning tasks.
  • @task.llm_branch: For modifying the flow of tasks based on LLM outputs.

• Getting Started:

  • Clone the examples repository and start Airflow locally with:

    git clone https://github.com/astronomer/ai-sdk-examples.git
    cd ai-sdk-examples
    astro dev start
    

  • Install the SDK with optional dependencies using:

    pip install airflow-ai-sdk[openai,duckduckgo]
    

• Features:

  • Supports various LLMs and allows for structured outputs using Pydantic models.
  • Automatic parsing and validation of LLM outputs.
  • Flexible control flow management based on LLM outputs.

• Examples: The SDK includes multiple examples demonstrating its use, such as:

  • Summarizing commits from a GitHub repository.
  • Analyzing product feedback with structured outputs.
  • Performing deep research using web searching and content distillation.
  • Routing support tickets based on priority using LLMs.

• Design Principles: The SDK follows Airflow's taskflow pattern and is designed for flexibility, scalability, and ease of integration into existing workflows.

Overall, the airflow-ai-sdk facilitates the incorporation of AI capabilities into data workflows managed by Apache Airflow, enhancing their functionality and efficiency.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The text discusses using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the creation of logic for interactive fiction within Emacs, a text editor. It highlights how LLMs can help streamline the process of generating storylines and decisions in interactive narratives, making it easier for writers to develop complex plots and character interactions. Overall, the focus is on enhancing the writing experience by integrating advanced AI tools into the creative process.

No summary available.

In 2024, GNU/Linux is a solid choice for desktop use, with improvements making it user-friendly for tasks like gaming and general applications. The author uses EndeavourOS on their laptop and finds it effective for everyday tasks like installing programs and connecting devices.

However, the author criticizes Linux as a server operating system, particularly due to SystemD, which complicates system management and troubleshooting. The growing complexity from modern technologies, like Docker and microservices, leads to reliability issues and difficult log management.

The author shares frustrations with distributions like Debian and RHEL, noting their cumbersome upgrade processes and lack of simplicity. In contrast, they advocate for FreeBSD, praising its stability, minimal resource usage, and straightforward management of services. Although FreeBSD may require more effort to set up certain desktop features, it excels in server environments with efficient configuration and reliable performance.

The author also highlights the challenges of modern developers favoring Docker for deployment, which complicates software installation on FreeBSD. Overall, they value simplicity and reliability in server management, making FreeBSD their preferred choice.

No summary available.

The New York Yankees have introduced a new baseball bat called the "torpedo bat," which is designed by an MIT physicist named Lenny. This bat has a thicker barrel where players typically make contact, aiming to improve hitting performance by increasing the number of solid hits. During a recent game, players using the torpedo bat scored 20 runs and hit nine home runs, tying a franchise record.

While the bat complies with MLB regulations, some are concerned that it alters the traditional nature of the game. Critics argue that it could give an unfair advantage to players and lead to a shift in how baseball is played. There are calls to ban the torpedo bat or at least rethink its impact on the sport's future, especially after witnessing its immediate success with the Yankees. The discussion raises questions about the balance between innovation and preserving the essence of baseball.

The text discusses the basics of email technology, focusing on the IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). Here are the key points:

1. Email vs. Messaging Apps: Email is decentralized, allowing anyone to host their own mail server, unlike messaging apps that rely on central servers.

2. IMAP Protocol: IMAP connects email clients to mail servers, enabling users to retrieve and manage emails. It was first introduced in 1994, with the latest version, IMAP4rev2, released in 2021.

3. Email Communication: IMAP allows actions such as searching, deleting, and organizing emails while keeping everything synced across devices. Other protocols like SMTP are used for sending emails.

4. Connecting to a Mail Server: The text explains how to connect to a mail server using the command line with tools like telnet and OpenSSL for secured connections.

5. Logging In: It discusses different authentication methods, highlighting the importance of secure connections to protect user credentials.

6. Folder Management: Once logged in, users can list and select email folders, check for the number of emails, and perform searches within their inbox.

7. Email Retrieval: Users can retrieve email content using commands that fetch specific emails based on search criteria.

The document concludes by noting that while this guide covers the basics of IMAP, sending emails involves using SMTP, which may be discussed in future content.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

In a blog post dated March 31, 2025, John Graham-Cumming shares a story from around 1990 when he helped debug a Lotus 1-2-3 setup via fax. Due to expensive long-distance calls between the UK and the US, fax became the practical choice for communication. He recalls asking the user to provide printer settings using specific commands. He emphasizes the importance of the "Zeroth Law of Debugging," which suggests that to debug effectively, you should minimize the time between making changes and observing results. In this case, sending faxes was the best option for quick feedback across the Atlantic.

The Ampler Nova is a new e-bike that can be charged using a USB-C port, allowing it to recharge in just three hours with a compatible laptop charger. This bike is designed for the European market and is made by Ampler, a company known for producing reliable e-bikes from Estonia.

The Nova features a 48V 336Wh battery that is removable for servicing, and it can also charge other devices at a lower power. There are two models available: the standard Nova and the upgraded Nova Pro, which come in different frame styles and sizes to fit various riders. The bikes have a maximum speed of 25 km/h and are equipped with either a nine-speed chain or a single-speed belt drive.

Pre-orders for the Nova and Nova Pro are now open in the UK, EU, and Switzerland, with shipping expected to start in June. Each bike includes a two-year warranty. Ampler also offers support through service centers and workshops across Europe.

It seems like you provided a fragment that doesn't contain any detailed information to summarize. If you can share more context or a longer text, I'd be happy to help summarize it for you!

Summary of "Get the hell out of the LLM as soon as possible"

The author advises against using Large Language Models (LLMs) for decision-making or executing business logic because they are not reliable for those tasks. Instead, LLMs should be used primarily as a user interface to translate user requests into API calls, while the actual logic should be handled by specialized systems.

Key points include:

1. Performance Issues: LLMs are generally slower and less effective than specialized systems (e.g., chess engines) for tasks requiring precision.
2. Debugging Challenges: It's difficult to understand or modify the decisions made by LLMs, making it hard to troubleshoot issues.
3. Complexity in Testing: Testing LLM outputs is more complicated than traditional code, and they struggle with tasks like math and randomness.
4. Application Examples: In various scenarios, LLMs should only translate user input into structured commands rather than determine game states or manage negotiations.
5. Strengths of LLMs: They are good at interpreting user requests, transforming commands, and understanding concepts, but not at complex decision-making or logic management.

The author concludes that while LLMs may improve over time, it’s best to keep them as interfaces and rely on dedicated systems for core logic to ensure reliability and maintainability.

Summary: Gemini 2.5 Pro vs. Claude 3.7 Sonnet: Coding Comparison

Google recently released Gemini 2.5 Pro, which is touted as the best coding model. This comparison evaluates it against Claude 3.7 Sonnet, a well-regarded coding model.

Key Points:

• Recommendation: Gemini 2.5 Pro is recommended for coding due to its superior performance, larger context window (1 million tokens vs. Claude's 200k), and it is free.
• Performance Overview:
  • Gemini 2.5 Pro achieved an accuracy of 63.8% on the SWE benchmark, surpassing Claude 3.7's 62.3%.
  • It is recognized for excelling in coding, mathematics, science, and image understanding.

Coding Tests Results:

1. Flight Simulator:

   • Gemini 2.5 Pro: Successfully created a functional flight simulator.
   • Claude 3.7 Sonnet: Had issues with plane orientation and control.

2. Rubik’s Cube Solver:

   • Gemini 2.5 Pro: Impressed with a correct solution in one attempt.
   • Claude 3.7 Sonnet: Failed to solve correctly, missing key functionalities.

3. Bouncing Ball in 4D Tesseract:

   • Both models produced correct outputs, but Gemini's response was more aligned with the prompt.

4. LeetCode Problem:

   • Gemini 2.5 Pro: Answered correctly but with complex code.
   • Claude 3.7 Sonnet: Provided a simpler solution but was slower and faced performance issues.

Conclusion: Gemini 2.5 Pro is the clear winner in this comparison, showcasing significant improvements over Claude 3.7 Sonnet. Its better coding capabilities and larger context window make it the preferred choice for coding tasks. Future developments, including an even larger context window, may enhance its performance further.

Charlie Javice, the founder of a startup called Frank that aimed to simplify college financial aid applications, was found guilty of defrauding JPMorgan Chase out of $175 million by falsely inflating her customer base. A jury convicted her and her co-defendant, Olivier Amar, after a five-week trial in New York. They face potential decades in prison for charges including bank fraud and conspiracy.

Javice had claimed that Frank had over four million clients, but evidence revealed there were only about 300,000. Testimony indicated that she asked her team to create fake data to support her claims. Despite her defense arguing that JPMorgan was aware of the real numbers and made up the fraud allegations, the jury disagreed.

The judge will discuss whether Javice and Amar need to wear ankle monitors while awaiting sentencing on July 23. Javice has been free on bail since her arrest in 2023. This case has drawn parallels to other tech fraud cases, highlighting issues of dishonesty among some young entrepreneurs.

The market for large language model (LLM) providers is facing significant challenges due to high costs and competition, leading analysts to predict an "extinction phase" for many providers. Gartner forecasts that generative AI spending will grow to $644 billion by 2025, but the number of successful LLM providers will likely shrink, similar to the cloud market's consolidation.

CIOs are expected to prefer off-the-shelf AI solutions for easier implementation and value, rather than developing their own. Consequently, LLM developers are prioritizing user adoption over immediate revenue. Although a decline in the number of providers is anticipated, it will happen gradually rather than abruptly, unlike the dotcom crash.

Gartner also predicts that AI services will see substantial growth, with spending increasing from $10.6 billion in 2024 to $27.8 billion in 2025, while the server-based GenAI market will grow more slowly at 33.1%.

This text describes a code snippet for a program named vanity.c, created on March 28, 2025. The program's purpose is to generate a specific hash value that starts with a defined prefix, "20250327", by modifying words in a given text. Here are the key points:

• Functionality: The program processes an input text, searching for words that can be altered. It generates different combinations of these words to try to create a hash that matches the target prefix.

• Hashing: It uses the SHA-1 hashing algorithm to compute the hash of the modified text.

• Progress Reporting: The program reports its progress every million attempts, displaying the current hash being checked.

• Output: If a matching hash is found, the modified text is saved to a new file with a .vanity extension. If all combinations are tried without a match, it indicates failure.

• Memory Management: The program includes mechanisms to allocate and free memory for strings and words used in the process.

Overall, this code aims to create a "vanity" hash by adjusting parts of a text in a systematic way.

Summary: One Last Ride for Antarctica’s ‘Ivan the Terra Bus’

After over 30 years of service at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, the iconic Ivan the Terra Bus is retiring. Known for its comfort and charm, Ivan has been a vital link between airfields and research stations. The bus, which arrived in 1994, became a beloved part of life in Antarctica, often celebrated in songs and memories.

As Ivan's retirement approached, concerns grew that he might be scrapped. However, a dedicated community effort helped save him. Instead of being auctioned off, Ivan will be preserved and sent to Christchurch, New Zealand, where he may become part of a museum exhibit. His legacy represents a nostalgic era of Antarctic exploration and life at McMurdo Station, which has changed significantly over the years.

The article discusses the nostalgic experience of downloading video games from radio broadcasts in the 1980s. The author recalls how people recorded audio from the radio onto cassette tapes, which they then used to load games onto home computers. Despite the author's memories, many commenters on social media doubted this ever happened, claiming it was technically impossible.

In the early 1980s, the UK faced economic challenges while home computers were just becoming popular. The BBC launched the Computer Literacy Project to educate the public about computers, which included a radio program called "The Chip Shop." This program used a system called BASICODE, developed in the Netherlands, to allow the same software to work on different types of computers. The BBC adapted this system to broadcast programs that enthusiasts could record and play on their machines.

However, as technology advanced and the market changed, the use of cassette storage faded, and the practice of downloading games from the radio became a forgotten memory. The article reflects on how this once-common experience now seems unbelievable to younger generations.

Gumloop Unified Model Context Protocol (guMCP) Summary

guMCP is an open-source project that provides a collection of Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, which can be run either locally or remotely. The goal is to build a large community around AI integrations and the future of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).

Key Features:

• Offers both local and remote MCP server options.
• Supports multiple communication methods, including standard input/output (stdio) and Server-Sent Events (SSE).
• Provides a unified backend for consistent use across all servers.
• Fully open-source to encourage community contributions.

Getting Started:

1. Prerequisites: You need Python 3.11, Git, and a bash-compatible shell for Windows users.
2. Installation Steps:
   • Clone the repository and navigate to the folder.
   • Set up a virtual environment to manage dependencies.
   • Install necessary dependencies listed in the project files.
   • Configure environment variables using a provided template.

Usage:

• To run an SSE server locally, use a specific command to start it.
• A lightweight client is available to connect to both SSE and stdio servers for testing.

Supported Servers: guMCP supports various servers (like Google Services, Slack, Airtable) with different authentication methods, primarily OAuth 2.0.

Contributing: The project welcomes contributions in areas like new server implementations, documentation, and bug fixes.

License and Security: guMCP is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0. The project prioritizes security, being compliant with SOC 2 Type II, GDPR, and HIPAA.

Community Support: Users can report issues, request features, or participate in discussions through GitHub and community forums.

Overall, guMCP aims to enhance the accessibility and integration of AI services through a collaborative open-source environment.

Summary of Wasp's New Approach:

Wasp is a web framework similar to Laravel and Django, built over four years. It currently supports React, Node.js, and Prisma and has gained popularity with over 16,000 stars on GitHub.

Recently, Wasp has shifted to using AI for code generation instead of maintaining its own compiler. This change allows developers to stop worrying about which libraries to use, as the AI will make these decisions based on its extensive training on code.

Wasp is also moving towards a “fluid” user interface (UI), where each app deployment might create a slightly different version. This means users will always experience a fresh interface, enhancing engagement and security.

The framework will transition to a prompt-based system for building applications, making it easier for new team members to understand the app without needing to read complex code. This approach requires less specialized knowledge, enabling anyone to contribute.

Wasp is excited about these changes and encourages feedback from the community.

A recent analysis by Verichains revealed that two Vietnamese banking apps, BIDV SmartBanking and Agribank Plus, improperly use a private iOS API to detect other apps installed on users’ devices. This practice violates Apple’s policies and raises privacy concerns.

The apps exploit a specific API called SBSLaunchApplicationWithIdentifierAndURLAndLaunchOptions, which can identify other installed applications without user consent. The analysis highlighted that these apps use weak encryption to hide their API usage, making it challenging to detect.

This behavior can lead to severe consequences, including the potential removal of the apps from the App Store, affecting millions of customers. Verichains clarified that their own security solution, BShield, is not involved in this misuse and prioritizes user safety by adhering to legitimate protection techniques.

Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of respecting user privacy and complying with app store regulations to maintain trust and security.

No summary available.

The text discusses an issue that was set to close automatically in 4 days unless more comments were added. Jordon Phillips noted this on April 28, 2018, and Kyle Knap later removed the closing notice on June 15, 2018. Additionally, Justin mentioned this issue again on February 21, 2019, referring to "Sync missing files #3957."

EXP TV Overview

EXP TV is a live TV channel that broadcasts a continuous stream of unique and obscure video content.

Daytime Programming:

• The main feature is "Video Breaks," a series of classic MTV-style video collages showcasing a variety of archival clips on numerous topics.

Nighttime Programming (Starting at 10 PM):

• The schedule includes themed video mixes and deep dives into specific subjects. Examples of shows include:
  • "Underground USA": A series about 80s music subculture.
  • "Witches Brew Mixtape": A look at the history of witches on screen.
  • "Kung Fu Wizards": A supernatural martial arts showdown.
  • "Pixel Power": An exploration of computer graphics history.
  • "Bizarre Encounters": A mix of ghosts, aliens, and other strange phenomena.

Additional Highlights:

• Other shows include music-themed segments, experimental animations, and cultural explorations, such as Jamaican music and Bollywood musicals.

EXP TV offers a diverse range of content 24/7, making it easy for viewers to find something interesting to watch at any time.

Summary of Blue95

Blue95 is a modern desktop experience designed to resemble the classic computing era. It is based on Fedora Atomic Xfce and features the Chicago95 theme.

Key Features:

• Live Testing: Users can try Blue95 through a Live ISO without installation. The installer is still in early testing.
• Installation Options:
  • Recommended to install by rebasing from another Xfce-based Fedora Atomic desktop rather than using the installer ISO due to issues.
  • Instructions are provided for rebasing from other atomic desktops to Blue95.

Project Goals:

• Align with Fedora Xfce in terms of updates and core components.
• Enhance usability with features from Universal Blue, like codecs and automatic updates.
• Create a nostalgic aesthetic without strictly replicating old designs.

Notable Contributors: Thanks to @grassmunk, @dominichayesferen, BlueBuild, Universal Blue, Fedora, and the Xfce team for their contributions.

This text discusses a method for detecting a password spray attack on Microsoft accounts. The situation involved monitoring login attempts for a specific user, where one failed login was followed by a successful one. Initially, it was unclear if this was legitimate activity or an attack.

To investigate, the team looked at the broader context of logins within the same tenant. They discovered that 24 different users were targeted in one week, with the attacker carefully managing their attempts to avoid detection. They used various IP addresses and limited their tries per user, which indicated a coordinated attack rather than normal user behavior.

The key takeaway is that focusing solely on individual user activity can miss broader attack patterns. By examining activity across the entire tenant, the team could identify the attack and take action. This highlights the importance of analyzing data creatively to detect hidden threats.

Summary:

A rare manuscript fragment from around 1300, containing medieval stories about Merlin and King Arthur, has been found and digitised at Cambridge University Library. Initially discovered in 2019, this fragment is part of the Suite Vulgate du Merlin, a sequel to the Arthurian legend, with fewer than 40 unique copies still existing.

The manuscript was hidden as the binding of a 16th-century property record, making it difficult to access without damage. A collaborative project using advanced digital techniques allowed researchers to uncover its secrets without harming it.

The fragment includes two stories: one about a battle between Christians and Saxons, and another featuring Merlin at Arthur's court. The manuscript’s text is in Old French and decorated with colorful initials, indicating it was created for a noble audience.

Researchers used innovative methods like multispectral imaging and CT scans to reveal hidden text and understand the manuscript's binding. These techniques provided insights into 16th-century archival practices and allowed for a virtual unfolding of the text.

The project has set a new standard for conserving fragile manuscripts and has generated interest among researchers worldwide. The digitised version of the manuscript is now available online for public exploration, showcasing high-resolution images and 3D models.

France's competition authority has fined Apple €150 million for its overly complicated App Tracking Transparency (ATT) system. The authority criticized Apple's requirement for "double consent" from users to allow third-party tracking, stating that this approach harms smaller companies that rely on advertising revenue. While the intent of ATT is to protect user privacy, its implementation creates unnecessary complexity for users and disadvantages smaller publishers compared to larger companies like Meta and Google. The fine is not expected to significantly impact Apple's finances, but the company may need to modify the ATT framework to comply with the ruling. Apple responded by stating that its ATT practices are consistent and supported by consumers and privacy advocates.

Summary of SafetyDetectives Cybersecurity Team Article:

On March 30, 2025, SafetyDetectives Cybersecurity Team discovered a forum post revealing a CSV file that allegedly contains over 200 million records of users from X (formerly Twitter). This data was reportedly leaked in January 2025 and is believed to be part of the largest social media breach to date. The forum where the data was posted is accessible on the clear web, which allows users to share information about data leaks.

The leaked data includes various user details such as IDs, screen names, email addresses, and account statistics. SafetyDetectives checked a sample of the data and found it to be legitimate, although they could not confirm the ownership of the email addresses.

The breach poses several risks including phishing attacks, targeted scams, and social engineering attacks aimed at exploiting the leaked information. Users who suspect their data may have been compromised are advised to be cautious about unsolicited communications, update their privacy settings, and report any unusual activity.

The article also explains the concept of clearweb leaks, emphasizing the importance of awareness and proactive measures to protect personal data in light of such breaches.

No summary available.

Summary of Windows 9x QuickInstall ISO Creator Package

Overview: The Windows 9x QuickInstall ISO Creator is a tool for creating optimized installation ISO images for Windows 98 and Windows ME. It allows users to quickly install these operating systems by packaging the root file system from an existing installation.

Key Features:

• Fast Installation: An ISO built with this tool can install Windows 98 in about 60-90 seconds on compatible hardware.
• Customizability: Users can easily add drivers and tools to the installation, providing more options than similar tools like nLite.
• Supported OS Versions: It supports Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, and Windows Millennium Edition, but not Windows 95.

System Requirements:

• To Use QuickInstall: At least an i486 CPU, 24MB RAM, and a compatible hard disk controller.
• To Build Images: Windows 7 or newer, or a modern Linux variant, with Python 3.5 or newer.

Booting Options: Users can boot the QuickInstall image via:

1. CD/DVD-ROM
2. Floppy disk with FreeDOS
3. USB flash drives (requires additional setup)

Building an ISO: To create an ISO or USB image, users need to prepare their Windows installation, specify directories for drivers and extra files, and run a script with the appropriate parameters.

Advanced Features:

• Users can create multi-variant installation images by specifying multiple OS root directories, allowing a selection menu during installation.

Common Issues: The text includes a FAQ section addressing common problems, such as file integrity errors or installation issues on specific hardware setups, along with suggested workarounds.

Conclusion: This package is designed for enthusiasts who enjoy working with older operating systems and want a customizable and efficient way to install Windows 98 and ME.

Summary:

Browsercraft allows you to play unmodified Minecraft in your web browser using CheerpJ, which is a Java runtime for modern browsers.

What it is not:

• It is not Minecraft Classic or Minecraft Bedrock Edition.
• It does not represent the latest version of Minecraft, as newer versions use different technology that isn’t supported yet.
• It does not alter the original Minecraft; it runs the original game files as they are.
• It is not a version of Minecraft written in a different programming language.

How it works: CheerpJ is a Java Virtual Machine that operates in the browser and can run Java applications without changes. Currently, it runs Minecraft version 1.2.5 and some other applications, but it is still being developed.

Current limitations:

• Audio is not working.
• There may be other minor issues that need fixing.

These problems are not permanent, and if you are a programmer, you can help by joining their Discord server or contributing on GitHub.

The text discusses how many online services have unfair and concerning Terms of Service (ToS) that users often agree to without reading. It highlights the importance of understanding these terms, as many services collect personal data, can delete accounts or content without warning, and often change their policies without notifying users.

Key points include:

• Many services, such as Facebook, Amazon, and Reddit, have poor data privacy practices, often tracking users without consent and retaining data even after deletion requests.
• Terms of Service are graded from A (fair) to E (very concerning), with many popular platforms receiving low grades due to their practices.
• ToS;DR (Terms of Service; Didn't Read) aims to summarize and analyze these agreements to help users better understand their rights and the risks involved.

Overall, the goal is to raise awareness about the implications of agreeing to these terms and to encourage users to be more informed.

The article discusses changes in Android's privacy policies regarding app visibility, particularly how apps can see other apps installed on a user's device. Previously, apps could access this information without permission, but since 2022, developers must limit visibility to only essential apps and declare them in their configuration files.

The author examines several Indian apps, notably Swiggy and Zepto, which have extensive lists of other apps they check for, raising concerns about user privacy and data collection. Swiggy checks 154 apps, while Zepto checks 165, including many unrelated to their services. This suggests they may be profiling users based on their installed apps, which could violate privacy policies.

Additionally, some apps employ a loophole by using an "ACTION_MAIN" filter, allowing them to see all installed apps without needing special permissions. This method was found in many popular Indian apps, indicating widespread privacy concerns.

The article concludes that while some apps attempt to respect user privacy, many exploit the system, and users should be aware of the data they are sharing when installing apps on their devices.

No summary available.

Summary of "Talkin’ about a Revolution" by Johnny Lyons

The text discusses the current state of humanity and the perilous condition of the world, reflecting on the Doomsday Clock, which indicates how close we are to global disaster. As of early January 2025, the clock is set at just 90 seconds to midnight, highlighting concerns such as nuclear threats from major powers and severe climate change impacts.

Lyons contrasts this grim reality with the past optimism following the Cold War, when the collapse of communism led many to believe in continuous progress through capitalism and democracy. However, recent global developments suggest that humanity may be moving toward destruction instead of progress.

The author poses important questions about whether we can change our course and what that would entail—whether it would require a complete revolution or a radical adjustment of our current systems. He critiques contemporary philosophy for its detachment from political engagement and reflects on Hegel’s views, which see history as a purposeful journey toward greater freedom.

Richard Bourke’s book, "Hegel’s World Revolutions," is introduced as a significant examination of Hegel’s philosophy, especially his concept of historical progress through revolutions. Bourke argues that true historical change is complex and often involves setbacks rather than a straightforward progression.

Bourke also critiques a modern cultural malaise that rejects Enlightenment values. He advocates for a historical understanding that acknowledges both continuity and change, suggesting that intellectual historians should focus on understanding past ideas without necessarily reviving them for present use.

In conclusion, Lyons emphasizes the need for critical engagement with both history and philosophy to address today's existential challenges, suggesting that while we cannot revert to the past, we can learn from it to navigate our future.

AI has shifted from being seen as a threat during recent Hollywood strikes to being embraced in Oscar-winning films. Just two years ago, actors and writers protested against AI, demanding protections as the technology began to infiltrate the entertainment industry. Now, AI is being used in films like "Emilia Perez" and "The Brutalist," where it has altered voices and helped actors fine-tune performances.

At a recent event in Hollywood, industry leaders expressed mixed feelings about AI's role, with some arguing it can enhance filmmaking while others worry it might replace jobs. Companies like OpenAI and Google are facing lawsuits for allegedly using copyrighted material to train their AI models without consent.

Many Hollywood professionals are concerned about the implications of AI, particularly regarding job security. They advocate for strong copyright protections to ensure that artists' rights are respected. A group of over 400 industry figures has urged the U.S. government to protect creative jobs while navigating AI's growing presence.

Despite fears, some believe AI could help democratize filmmaking by enabling lower-budget projects. The overall impact of AI on the entertainment industry remains uncertain, but there is a clear push for artists to retain control over how the technology is used.

RPCEmu Overview:

RPCEmu is an emulator for classic Acorn computers like the Risc PC and A7000. It works on Windows, Linux, and MacOSX, but requires a RISC OS ROM image to function. Users should back up their files, as the software is still in Alpha quality and may have many bugs.

Documentation Available:

• User Manual for all platforms
• Networking Guide for Windows/Linux
• Tutorial for installing RPCEmu and RISC OS
• Compilation guides for different operating systems
• Advanced tutorial for running RPCEmu as Phoebe Risc PC 2

For questions or support, there's a mailing list available. It's helpful to mention the version number when seeking assistance.

Downloads:

• Binary Packages: Version 0.9.5 available for Windows (32/64 bit).
• Source Code: For compiling on various platforms.
• Easy-Start Bundles: Includes RPCEmu, RISC OS, and hard disk images.
• Additional Downloads: Pre-formatted hard disks and floppy disk images.

Latest Release Notes (Version 0.9.5):

• Added mouse-wheel support.
• Improved floppy disk image creation.
• Enhanced IDE hard disk support.
• Refined networking capabilities.
• Improved timer accuracy.

Developer Information: RPCEmu welcomes contributions from developers. The source code is managed in Mercurial, and patches can be submitted for review. For assistance, the Stardot forum is recommended, especially for larger changes.

No summary available.

Software memory safety greatly enhances security, especially for C and C++ programs. In these languages, many bugs can allow attackers to take complete control of the software. However, most bugs in memory-safe software do not have this risk.

Good news: we can improve the security of existing C/C++ software without needing to change the code or use special hardware. Instead of trying to make the software completely memory-safe, we can reduce the ways that corrupted memory can lead to security issues. There are practical tools and techniques available that do this with minimal impact on performance, and they are already in use in various systems. By integrating these tools into development processes, we can significantly enhance the security of C and C++ software against attacks.

The White House has finished its review of a situation where Atlantic editor Jeffrey Goldberg was mistakenly added to a Signal group chat discussing sensitive military operations in Yemen. Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt stated that the matter is considered "case closed" and emphasized that no classified information was shared. She mentioned that measures are being taken to prevent similar incidents in the future, but did not provide specific details. National Security Adviser Mike Waltz, who created the chat, remains an important member of Trump's team. There are ongoing investigations by the Pentagon and a lawsuit from a watchdog group to ensure proper record-keeping of the chat.

The author, a long-time professor, discusses the significant changes in college students over the years. He teaches at a regional public university and reflects on the average student’s abilities and attitudes today. Key points include:

1. Functionally Illiterate: Many students struggle to read and understand serious literature, often resorting to superficial reading just to get through assignments.

2. Poor Writing Skills: The writing of students often resembles that of an 8th grader, with frequent spelling and grammar mistakes, and a lack of original thought.

3. Disengagement: Students show a concerning level of disconnection from their studies. They frequently miss classes, leave early, and often expect professors to do the work for them, such as providing detailed summaries of lectures.

4. Phone Addiction: Many students are addicted to their phones, which distracts them during classes and affects their engagement with learning.

5. Cheating and Academic Integrity: The rise of AI and other means of cheating has made it difficult for professors to assess students’ true understanding and abilities.

6. Societal Problem: The author emphasizes that these issues are not solely an educational failure but reflect broader societal changes in attention, responsibility, and engagement.

Overall, the author expresses sadness about the current state of student engagement and learning, feeling a disconnect between faculty expectations and student realities.

The text discusses how the culture of online reviews and ratings is affecting our lives and mental health. People are constantly asked to rate services and products after every interaction, which can create anxiety and change how we behave in social situations. Many individuals feel pressured to leave feedback, fearing that if they don't, they will receive negative ratings in return.

Research shows that most consumers rely on reviews when making purchases, and the lack of reviews can be a red flag. However, this constant demand for ratings can lead to increased self-consciousness and awkward interactions.

Some businesses face challenges with fake reviews and extortion attempts, highlighting the darker side of the review culture. While feedback can be useful for improvement and building trust, the overwhelming number of requests can feel burdensome.

Overall, the article emphasizes the need to rethink our relationship with online feedback and consider its impact on our daily interactions and mental well-being.

A potential supply chain attack on GitHub's CodeQL was discovered due to a publicly exposed secret that was valid for just over a second. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to run malicious code in GitHub Actions workflows, potentially affecting both public and enterprise repositories.

The attacker could achieve various goals, including:

1. Stealing Source Code: Accessing the source code of private repositories.
2. Compromising Credentials: Extracting sensitive information from GitHub Actions secrets.
3. Executing Malicious Code: Running harmful code on internal systems.
4. Tampering with Actions: Modifying GitHub Actions secrets and workflows.

The vulnerability was uncovered during research that involved scanning GitHub Actions for secret exposure. A tool was developed to automate this scanning process, leading to the discovery of a GitHub token in a public artifact.

The token had full write privileges, allowing an attacker to create branches and tags. However, it was only valid for a short time, creating a challenge for its use. Testing showed that it was feasible to retrieve and utilize the token within that timeframe.

The findings revealed that enabling CodeQL in repositories executed workflows that could inadvertently expose GitHub Actions secrets and intellectual property. If an attacker compromised the CodeQL actions, they could overwrite tags and execute malicious code across many repositories that relied on CodeQL.

GitHub responded rapidly to the discovery, addressing the vulnerability and issuing a security advisory. For organizations using GitHub Actions, it is crucial to limit permissions, avoid uploading sensitive information, and regularly scan for secrets.

In summary, this incident highlighted significant risks associated with supply chain vulnerabilities in CI/CD processes, emphasizing the need for ongoing vigilance and security measures.

The article discusses how C and C++ prioritize performance over correctness, particularly through the concept of "undefined behavior," which can lead to unpredictable results in programs.

Key points include:

1. Undefined Behavior: Introduced in the C89 standard, it describes various situations where the standard does not dictate how a program should behave, such as using uninitialized variables or encountering signed integer overflow. This can lead to programs compiling or running in unexpected ways.

2. Uninitialized Variables: Unlike languages like Java, C and C++ do not require variables to be initialized before use, which can result in undefined behavior if a variable is read without being set.

3. Arithmetic Overflow: The handling of signed integer overflow is left as undefined behavior, allowing compilers to optimize code aggressively, even if it means eliminating checks that would protect against overflow errors.

4. Infinite Loops: C and C++ compilers may optimize away what they determine to be infinite loops, which can lead to incorrect program behavior during execution.

5. Null Pointer Dereferencing: Accessing a null pointer is also undefined behavior, enabling optimizations at the cost of potentially crashing the program.

6. Sorting Functions: Mistakes in user-defined comparison functions for sorting can lead to memory corruption, as the behavior of sorting functions becomes undefined with incorrect implementations.

The article concludes that while performance is crucial for certain applications, the trade-offs can lead to significant correctness issues, making C and C++ less suitable for projects where debugging and safety are priorities. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these trade-offs when choosing a programming language.

Open Knowledge Association (OKA) Summary

The Open Knowledge Association (OKA) is a non-profit organization based in Switzerland that aims to improve Wikipedia and other open platforms by providing financial support to full-time contributors and translators. They focus on creating impactful content while addressing underrepresentation on Wikipedia, particularly in science and technology topics and from non-English-speaking countries.

Key points include:

• OKA offers monthly stipends to content writers and translators, prioritizing high-impact work.
• They have created over 2,200 new Wikipedia articles, generating 8 million views annually.
• Their approach is transparent, allowing freelancers autonomy and ownership of their edits.
• Currently, they focus on translating existing content rather than creating new articles, using Machine Learning tools to streamline the process.
• Their funding primarily comes from individual donations, with options for donors to specify areas of focus, while maintaining editorial independence.

OKA is committed to enhancing the quality and diversity of Wikipedia content while ensuring that contributors enjoy their work.

You can claim money for a lost tooth that the Tooth Fairy can't collect. This includes teeth that were accidentally swallowed, stolen by a ferret, or destroyed by an asteroid. To start your claim, use the online service or print Form TF-230 and place it under your pillow.