Summary of Zod 4 Release

Zod 4 has been officially released after a year of development. It is faster, more efficient, and includes many new features. Here's a quick overview:

• Migration: Zod 4 can be used alongside Zod 3, making it easier for users to transition. To upgrade, run npm upgrade zod@^3.25.0 and import Zod 4 from the "/v4" subpath.

• Performance Improvements: Zod 4 offers significant speed enhancements, such as 14x faster string parsing and 6.5x faster object parsing compared to Zod 3. It also reduces TypeScript compiler instantiations by over 100x.

• Bundle Size: The core bundle size has been reduced by about 57%. There's also a new lightweight variant called Zod Mini, which further decreases the bundle size for projects with strict constraints.

• New Features:

  • Strongly-typed metadata can now be added to schemas.
  • First-party JSON Schema conversion is supported.
  • Recursive object types are now easier to define.
  • A new locales API allows error messages to be translated into different languages.
  • Simplified error handling and customization.

• Additional Enhancements: Zod 4 introduces new numeric formats, supports custom email regex, and improves the handling of refinements and discriminated unions.

For more details and to access migration guides, users are encouraged to refer to the official documentation. Happy parsing!

No summary available.

Summary of clawPDF

clawPDF is a powerful virtual printer that allows you to create documents in various formats such as PDF, images, and text files. It includes features often found in enterprise solutions, like:

• Support for multiple formats (PDF/A, PDF/X, OCR, SVG, PNG, JPEG, TIF, TXT)
• Metadata management and document protection with password and encryption (up to 256-bit AES)
• A scripting interface for automation and integration into applications
• Network printing capabilities, allowing it to be used on print servers
• Open-source and compatible with all major Windows operating systems (x86/x64/ARM64)

Additional features include:

• Drag and drop file support
• File merging and batch printing options
• Customizable settings and themes
• Full Unicode support and multiple user profiles

clawPDF is easy to install and use, and it does not contain any adware or spyware. It is licensed under the AGPL v3 license and has been tested on various Windows Server and client versions.

For more information or to download, visit: clawPDF Release.

Summary of Telum II at Hot Chips 2024: Mainframe with a Unique Caching Strategy

IBM's Telum II is a new mainframe processor that continues to play a crucial role in high-uptime and low-latency financial transactions. It features eight cores running at 5.5 GHz and includes a large 360 MB on-chip cache. A key aspect of Telum II is its innovative caching strategy, which addresses the limitations of traditional memory access speeds.

1. Caching Strategy:

   • Telum II uses a virtual L3 and L4 cache system to enhance performance.
   • It has ten 36 MB L2 caches, significantly larger than competitors like AMD, helping to reduce memory access delays.
   • Instead of a single shared cache, it avoids data duplication by managing data between L2 caches based on a "Saturation Metric".

2. Virtual L3 Cache:

   • When data is evicted from an L2 cache, it is sent to another L2 cache rather than a traditional shared L3 cache, optimizing use of the available cache space.
   • The system adjusts dynamically based on core activity, ensuring efficient use of resources.

3. Virtual L4 Cache:

   • Telum II can connect up to 32 processors, creating a 2.8 GB virtual L4 cache that extends across multiple chips, further enhancing performance.

4. Focus on Single-Threaded Performance:

   • Unlike many server CPUs that prioritize multi-threading, Telum II is designed to excel in single-threaded tasks, reducing core counts from previous models while increasing cache capacity.

5. Potential Applications and Innovation:

   • The strategies used in Telum II may influence future designs in consumer CPUs, particularly in enhancing cache efficiency for applications like gaming.

Overall, Telum II represents a significant advancement in mainframe technology, prioritizing speed and efficiency in financial transactions through its unique caching approaches.

Summary:

This article explains how SDB, a Ruby stack profiler, scans the Ruby stack without using the Global VM Lock (GVL), which can slow down applications. Traditional profilers often rely on the GVL, leading to increased request latency, but SDB avoids this issue, allowing for faster and more efficient stack scanning.

Key points include:

• The GVL ensures data integrity but limits concurrency. SDB accesses certain data types that do not require GVL protection, allowing it to read stack data safely.
• SDB uses meta-programming to track thread lifecycle events, ensuring that it stops scanning a thread's stack once it is reclaimed.
• The data collected consists of ISeq addresses, which are not human-readable. SDB uses eBPF technology to translate these addresses into readable symbols and capture memory events.
• While data races can occur during scanning, SDB focuses on identifying performance bottlenecks rather than achieving perfect accuracy. It employs a generation number for optimistic concurrency control to manage potential data races.
• SDB is still in development, with plans to add features like memory compaction support and further evaluations.

Overall, SDB aims to provide an effective way to profile Ruby applications without blocking them, enhancing performance measurement.

The author has been creating side projects since 2009, some of which were sold, while others still exist or have disappeared. They use a straightforward approach, building projects they enjoy, primarily using WordPress, but also Laravel and React. The key advice is to stick to familiar technology and keep building, as users care more about the project than the tech stack used.

Active Projects:

• Handheld Hunt: Compare and play games on the go (2025)
• Mild Themes: Premium WordPress themes (2024)
• Stack Your Project: Showcase projects for $5 (2024)
• Cats of the Web: A site about cats (2024)
• RCFlex: Showcase RC cars (2023)
• mildspring: Premium templates and tools (2022)

Sold Projects:

• Flag Palette: Color codes for flags (2023)
• ZeroAcquire: Marketplace for side projects (2022)
• Tiny Resume: Simple online resumes (2022)
• PolicyTrail: Privacy policy hosting (2021)
• InventedBy: List of modern inventions (2021)
• Symbol Hunt: Information on symbols (2021)
• If You Bought XYZ: Investment outcomes tool (2020)

Dead Projects:

• nGlot: Ancient writing systems (2023)
• Book of Naem: Artistic content platform (2022)
• Random Daily Haiku: Haiku subscription service (2020)
• UsedBy: Popular GitHub repositories (2019)
• FAANGWatch: Stock updates for tech companies (2019)
• Working Time: Global working hours data (2019)

The list showcases a variety of projects the author has worked on, highlighting their experience and interests over the years.

In 2018, Liangbing Hu, a materials scientist at the University of Maryland, developed a method to make wood stronger than steel. After refining this technology for several years, he licensed it to a startup called InventWood, which is now ready to produce its first batches of this new material, called Superwood.

Superwood is made from regular timber and is enhanced using safe chemicals and compression techniques, increasing its strength significantly. It has 50% more tensile strength than steel and is resistant to fire, rot, and pests.

InventWood has raised $15 million to build a factory and plans to use Superwood for building facades and later for structural beams. The product not only performs well but also has an attractive appearance, resembling rich hardwoods.

Summary of Diffusion Models

Diffusion models are a type of AI used for generating images, videos, and text, and they work differently from transformer-based models like those used in language processing. Here are the key points:

1. Basic Concept: Diffusion models start with a random noise image and progressively remove noise to create a clear image based on a user-provided caption.

2. Training Process: They are trained by adding noise to images and teaching the model to predict the noise added. This helps the model learn how to reverse the noise, effectively "denoising" the image.

3. Compression: To manage large image sizes, diffusion models often use a technique called a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) to compress images into smaller, random-looking tensors.

4. Guidance: To ensure the model generates relevant images based on captions, a technique called classifier-free guidance is used. This involves training the model with and without captions and blending the results.

5. Differences from Transformers:

   • Diffusion models manipulate images directly, while transformers generate sequences of tokens.
   • They start with pure noise rather than a prompt.
   • They can modify previously generated outputs, which allows for an adjustable quality in the final image.

6. Video and Text Models:

   • Video diffusion models work similarly to image models but handle multiple frames at once.
   • Text diffusion models are more complex since adding noise to text isn't straightforward and often involves working with embeddings.

In conclusion, diffusion models represent a powerful method for generating various types of data by focusing on the relationship between noise and original data, allowing for innovative applications in AI.

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Kelp Summary

Kelp is a tool for MacOS that allows users to easily install binary packages without waiting for Homebrew. It was created to help manage software installations across multiple computers and to support batch installations in the future.

Installation Steps:

1. Download the latest version from the releases page.
2. Initialize Kelp with kelp init.
3. Add Kelp's binary path to your system's PATH with:

   export PATH=~/.kelp/bin/:$PATH
   

Basic Commands:

• To add a package: kelp add [package]
• To install a package: kelp install [package]
• To upgrade a package: kelp set -r [version] [package]
• To check for updates: kelp update [package]

Configuration:

• Kelp uses a configuration file located at ~/.kelp/kelp.json. You can specify a different path with the --config flag or the KELP_CONFIG environment variable.
• If a package is not available on GitHub, you can add it using a direct link.

Troubleshooting:

• Run kelp inspect to check package directories.
• Kelp only installs binaries made for MacOS; if it finds a Linux or Windows binary, it skips it.
• If you're rate-limited by the GitHub API, set a GitHub token with: export GITHUB_TOKEN="XYZ".

Note: Kelp currently does not support Linux. If you find bugs or have feature requests, it's encouraged to open an issue, but note that the tool is mostly designed for personal use.

Asteroids, released by Atari in late 1979, became the company's biggest arcade hit after the success of Space Invaders. Co-designed by Lyle Rains and Ed Logg, the game's concept originated from a simple idea: to shoot and destroy asteroids. Unlike Space Invaders, Asteroids featured more complex gameplay, allowing players to move their spaceship in any direction and spin to shoot at moving asteroids, which broke into smaller pieces when shot.

The game utilized vector graphics, providing better resolution and a glowing effect that suited its space theme. Asteroids was known for its challenging controls, which used buttons instead of a joystick, making it difficult for some players.

Atari later released home versions, including one for the Atari 2600 and the Atari 7800, which had improved graphics. Asteroids has inspired many clones and adaptations over the years, and the author even created their own version called Space Rocks. The game remains a classic and is fondly remembered by players.

The article discusses how the war in Ukraine presents an opportunity to move away from outdated Soviet-era architecture and improve living conditions. Many buildings, like those in Kharkiv's Northern Saltivka district, are poorly designed and have proven inadequate during wartime. Yurii Semenenko, whose home was destroyed by Russian bombings, symbolizes the struggle and resilience of many Ukrainians in the face of such destruction.

The article highlights the need for better urban planning and construction practices post-war. Suggestions include building safer, more modern homes, utilizing new technologies like 3D printing, and creating underground shelters. There is a push for low-rise housing focused on community needs, unlike the uniform Soviet structures of the past.

Reconstruction efforts should also consider inclusivity for those affected by the war, with plans for rehabilitation centers and improved infrastructure. The article emphasizes the chance for Ukraine to redefine its urban landscape, prioritizing safety, community, and modern living standards as it rebuilds from the conflict.

Summary: Visualizing 100,000 Years of Earth in WebGL

The author created an interactive model of Earth over the last 100,000 years to better understand how geography influenced human history, particularly during migrations. This model includes changes in elevation, sea levels, climate, and ice sheets, all accessible through a web browser.

Key Components:

1. Elevation Map: The model uses a detailed global elevation map (ETOPO Global Relief Model) to represent terrain heights. The author downsampled this data for efficiency and created a custom grayscale texture to distinguish between land and water.

2. Historic Sea Levels: The author incorporated a dataset from NOAA showing sea level changes over 800,000 years. This allows users to see how landmasses like Doggerland and the Bering Strait changed over time.

3. Climate Data: To add realism, the model uses historical climate data for rainfall and temperature, enabling the visualization of different ecosystems (e.g., deserts, forests) based on climate conditions.

4. Ice Sheets: Accurate data on ice sheet locations during the last ice age was included to show their impact on human settlement. The author processed this data to visualize ice sheets as smooth, triangulated shapes on the globe.

5. Modern Borders: Current country borders were added for context, using a dataset that provides coordinates for these boundaries.

The project demonstrates the author’s learning in geography, data processing, and graphics programming. Future plans include improving data accuracy, optimizing rendering, and adding historical events to the model. The live demo is available for users to explore.

Summary of Goboscript

Goboscript is a text-based programming language that converts code into Scratch projects, allowing users to create and edit Scratch .sb3 files easily. Key features include:

• Text-Based Coding: Write Scratch projects in text format using any text editor, facilitating version control and code reuse.
• Concise Syntax: The language has a simple and readable syntax, making it user-friendly.
• Macros and Variables: It supports advanced features like a powerful macro system for generating code and local variables for custom blocks.
• Optimizations: Goboscript checks for errors, optimizes code, and identifies unused segments.

Development and Installation:

• To install goboscript, follow the instructions on its website. It requires the Rust programming toolchain.
• Developers can clone the repository, run projects locally, and validate them using provided tools.

Achievements:

• Goboscript won first place at FOSS HACK 25, earning a prize for its development during the open-source hackathon.

For further contributions or development, users can refer to the project's GitHub page.

The article criticizes the use of IP geolocation to determine the language for users on websites, arguing that it is an ineffective and misleading method. It points out that just because a user’s IP address indicates a certain country, it does not mean they speak that language. Many countries have multiple official languages, and users may be traveling or using VPNs, leading to incorrect assumptions about their language preferences.

Instead, the article suggests relying on the "Accept-Language" header that browsers send, which accurately reflects a user's language preferences based on their settings. This method is simple, free, and requires no guesswork.

The key points are:

• IP geolocation is unreliable for determining language.
• Users can be frustrated when websites assume their language incorrectly.
• Always use the Accept-Language header to respect user preferences.
• If using GeoIP, limit it to non-language-related functions like currency or shipping.

The author emphasizes that websites should prioritize accurate language settings to improve user experience.

Summary of "Emulator Debugging: Area 5150's Lake Effect"

The article discusses debugging the "Lake" effect in the IBM 5150 emulator, MartyPC, utilizing a bus sniffer and decoder. The author admits to previously using a specific hack to enable accurate playback of this effect, which runs the final credits scene of the demo.

Historically, many emulators have relied on title patches to overcome bugs, and as emulation improved, these hacks became less necessary. The author emphasizes that while MartyPC accurately runs the effect once started, the challenge lies in initiating it correctly.

The article explains the technical aspects of how the IBM CGA graphic adapter works, including the lack of a vsync interrupt, which complicates rendering. Techniques like "dynamic clocking" and cycle-counting are used to achieve the necessary precision for the demo's effects.

To fix various bugs, the author created custom interrupt service routines and refined timing to ensure synchronization between the CPU and graphics rendering. After addressing several inaccuracies, the emulator now closely matches real hardware performance.

Ultimately, the author removes the hack and achieves near-perfect accuracy in running the "Lake" effect without shortcuts. The article highlights the dedication required to emulate complex retro effects and the respect gained for the original demo programmers.

The author invites readers to explore more about the demo's effects through additional resources provided.

No summary available.

Cogitator Summary

Cogitator is a Python toolkit designed for using chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting with large language models (LLMs). CoT prompting enhances the performance of LLMs on complex tasks by encouraging them to think through intermediate steps before providing a final answer. This toolkit also helps make the reasoning of LLMs clearer.

Key Features:

• Unified API for synchronous and asynchronous CoT strategies.
• Compatibility with OpenAI and Ollama as LLM providers.
• Structured model outputs validated with Pydantic.
• A customizable benchmarking framework.
• Includes implementations of popular CoT strategies like Self-Consistency, Automatic CoT, and others.

Getting Started: To install Cogitator, use:

pip install cogitator

For the latest version with examples, clone the repository and set up your environment using Poetry.

Example Usage: An example shows how to utilize the Self-Consistency CoT strategy with an Ollama model to solve a question about the cost of a bat and ball.

Documentation and Benchmarking: Comprehensive documentation is available, along with a benchmarking framework to evaluate CoT strategies on various datasets.

Contribution and Citation: Contributions are welcome, and users are encouraged to cite the project if it aids their research.

License: Cogitator is licensed under the MIT License.

This text is a guide on implementing the Llama model from scratch, particularly for training it on the TinyShakespeare dataset. Here are the key points:

1. Introduction: The author shares their experience with implementing a simplified version of Llama, inspired by Karpathy's work.

2. Implementation Tips:

   • Work iteratively and start small.
   • Create helper functions for testing the model's performance.
   • Validate each component of the model during implementation.
   • Use visual tools to check tensor shapes and data flow.

3. Model Overview: Llama is a transformer-based language model aimed at reducing inference costs.

4. Dataset Preparation: The TinyShakespeare dataset is prepared by character-level tokenization, with helper functions to create training, validation, and test batches.

5. Model Building:

   • A basic feed-forward model is established, later modified to match Llama's specifications.
   • Key features of Llama include RMSNorm for normalization, rotary embeddings for positional encoding, and the SwiGLU activation function.

6. Training Process: The guide discusses training the model, evaluating losses, and adjusting the model based on performance metrics.

7. Key Modifications:

   • Implementation of RMSNorm and rotary embeddings are detailed, including their expected behaviors.
   • Attention mechanisms are adjusted to prevent information leakage during training.

8. Final Model Architecture: The final Llama model consists of several blocks that integrate the features discussed, resulting in a well-performing model.

9. Testing and Evaluation: The model's performance is assessed using validation loss, and the results of text generation are analyzed.

10. Conclusion: The author emphasizes the importance of debugging and experimenting with hyperparameters to optimize model performance.

Overall, the text is a comprehensive guide to building a language model based on Llama, providing practical tips and insights from the author's personal experience.

Summary:

Taiwan recently closed its last nuclear power plant, the Maanshan, after its 40-year license expired. This decision aligns with the ruling party's goal of a "nuclear-free" Taiwan. As a result, Taiwan plans to increase its imports of natural gas to meet energy demands, particularly for its growing semiconductor industry. This shift may lead to greater dependence on fossil fuels and increased vulnerability to gas price fluctuations and potential blockades from China, especially since Taiwan has limited gas storage. Critics argue that moving away from nuclear energy could harm Taiwan's climate goals and national security.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Amber Williams shares her journey of transitioning from using Obsidian, a popular note-taking app, to building her own personal knowledge management system (PKMS). She highlights the importance of capturing knowledge and the concerns surrounding privacy, longevity, and the time spent customizing note systems.

Williams began her PKMS journey with Obsidian but became frustrated with its costs and limitations, particularly regarding access across devices. After reflecting on the sustainability of using such apps long-term, she decided to create her own secure and user-friendly note vault.

Key aspects of her new PKMS include:

• Easy access to notes from any device without monthly fees.
• Enhanced privacy and control over her data.
• The ability to export notes easily in a standard format.

She emphasizes that a personal knowledge system should be simple and secure, allowing for efficient idea capture and connection. By building her own solution, she found a way to stop the cycle of migrating notes between apps and reduce costs while improving her engagement with ideas.

Williams encourages others to explore unconventional approaches to knowledge management, suggesting that customizing a system can lead to a more tailored and effective way of organizing thoughts.

Here's a simplified summary of the job listings for remote software engineering (SWE) positions in the US:

• The list includes high-paying remote software engineering jobs at various companies, primarily in the tech sector.
• Jobs are categorized by years of experience required, with a total of 409 positions available.
• Some of the top companies hiring include Microsoft, Airbnb, Coinbase, and Netflix.
• Positions range from entry-level to senior roles, with salaries varying significantly based on experience and role.
• For example, senior software engineers at Microsoft earn around $235,000, while roles at Airbnb can go up to $626,000 for staff engineers.
• The job postings are updated regularly, providing new opportunities frequently.

Overall, this resource helps job seekers find high-paying remote software engineering positions efficiently.

Summary of Database Design Principles

Every software project must accurately represent the business reality it serves. This is done through databases, which store propositions—statements that describe or deny aspects of that reality. Proper database design is crucial for ensuring that these propositions are effectively processed by a database management system (DBMS).

Many software developers lack formal training in database design and often resort to inconsistent methods, leading to problems like data anomalies and inconsistencies. Therefore, understanding fundamental database design principles is essential.

Here are key design principles to follow:

1. Principle of Orthogonal Design (POOD): Base relations should be independent.
2. Principle of Representational Parsimony (PORP): Avoid unnecessary base relations.
3. Principle of Expressive Completeness (POEC): All meaningful relations must be derivable from base relations.
4. Principle of Full Normalization (POFN): Ensure every base relation is in its highest normal form to eliminate redundancy and prevent anomalies.
5. Information Principle (TIP): All information must be clearly represented and uniquely defined.
6. Principle of Logical Independence (PLI): Changes to the base relations should not affect application programs or user activities.

Additionally, a new principle is proposed:

• Principle of Essential Denotation (PED): Use natural keys that reflect the true identity of entities, rather than arbitrary values.

Good database design is foundational for effective information systems. Poor design can lead to confusion and technical issues, which can be costly. To succeed in managing information, one must build structures that accurately represent reality.

Summary of Voynich Manuscript Structural Analysis

Overview

The project explores the Voynich Manuscript using modern natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze its structure without attempting to translate it. The goal is to see if the manuscript exhibits characteristics of a real language.

Importance

The Voynich Manuscript remains undeciphered, and this analysis aims to provide a balanced approach between statistical methods and speculative guesses by applying computational linguistics to assess its potential linguistic structure.

Project Structure

• Data: Includes a full transliteration, root word files, and various JSON and CSV files for clusters and analysis.
• Scripts: Contains Python scripts for clustering, mapping, inferring grammatical roles, and building a lexicon.
• Results: Visualizations and data summaries, including cluster analyses and transition matrices.

Key Contributions

• Clustering of root words using multilingual models.
• Identification of different cluster types (function vs. content words).
• Analysis of word transitions and syntactic structures across manuscript sections.

Preprocessing Decisions

Words were stripped of recurring suffixes to isolate root forms, which improved clustering but may have also removed meaningful information. This choice could bias findings towards function words over content words.

Findings

• Certain clusters indicate function words, while others suggest content words.
• The transition matrix indicates a structured pattern rather than randomness.
• Different sections of the manuscript show varying usage and patterns.

Hypothesis

The manuscript likely represents a constructed or mnemonic language with defined structure and syntax, despite lacking direct translation.

Reproduction Steps

To reproduce the analysis, install dependencies and run the provided scripts in sequence.

Limitations

• The cluster-to-word mappings are not direct, and some meaningful data may have been lost during preprocessing.
• The study focuses on structural modeling rather than semantic translation.

Author's Note

The project aims to use structured analysis to understand the manuscript without making unfounded assumptions about its content. Contributions and collaboration from others in relevant fields are welcomed.

No summary available.

Microsoft is adding the Model Context Protocol to Windows 11 to enhance its capabilities, making the operating system more interactive and responsive to user needs.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

A significant data breach occurred at the Legal Aid Agency, where private information, including details of domestic abuse victims, was hacked. The Ministry of Justice reported that the attack took place in April, and over two million pieces of data from as far back as 2010 were stolen. This data includes sensitive information such as addresses, dates of birth, national ID numbers, and financial details.

The agency's chief executive, Jane Harbottle, expressed regret over the incident, acknowledging the distress it may cause to those affected. The breach was initially thought to be limited, but it has since been revealed to be more extensive. The Ministry of Justice is advising the public to remain vigilant against potential scams and to update their passwords.

Legal aid supports individuals in need of legal assistance, especially those facing abuse or serious harm. Following the breach, the agency's online services have been taken offline, and the Law Society has called for immediate action to notify affected individuals.

This incident is part of a broader trend of cyber-attacks impacting various organizations, including recent attacks on Harrods, Marks & Spencer, and the Co-op, which have disrupted their operations.

Microsoft Fabric has recently faced significant reliability issues, including lengthy outages across multiple regions. Despite these problems, Microsoft's status page misleadingly displayed all systems as operational, causing confusion among users who reported outages on platforms like Reddit. Many users have turned to third-party services to track outages, as Microsoft's own alerts failed to reflect the actual status.

After a recent outage, Microsoft provided a post-mortem that downplayed the severity of the issue by using misleading statistics about its user base and inaccurately stating the duration of the outage. The company does not maintain a clear history of outages on the Fabric status page, making it difficult for administrators to troubleshoot problems, as they often believe the issues are on their end.

Microsoft Fabric lacks a service level agreement and does not offer refunds for downtime, which raises concerns about its reliability. Overall, the article suggests that recommending Microsoft Fabric to businesses may stem from a lack of awareness about its issues.

Microsoft is introducing the Model Context Protocol to Windows 11. This update aims to make the operating system more interactive and responsive to user needs.

The K-Bot is a general-purpose humanoid robot that stands 4 feet tall. It is priced at $8,999, down from its original price of $15,999. You can pre-order it now.

Summary: Improvements in Spaced Repetition Systems

Spaced repetition systems (SRS) help people memorize information more effectively by using flashcards and scheduling reviews at specific intervals. This method is particularly useful for subjects that require a lot of factual knowledge, such as languages or history. Traditional spaced repetition methods, like SuperMemo-2, often reset the review schedule if you get a card wrong, which can be frustrating.

Recently, a new algorithm called FSRS (by Jarrett Ye) has enhanced SRS efficiency by predicting the best time to review cards based on individual learning patterns. Instead of relying on fixed intervals, FSRS uses machine learning to determine how often to present information, aiming to remind you just before you're likely to forget it. This makes learning less burdensome and increases retention.

FSRS has been integrated into Anki, a leading spaced repetition software, but users need to enable it and adjust settings for their decks. Compared to other learning platforms like WaniKani and Bunpro, which use less effective review strategies, FSRS offers a more personalized and less stressful learning experience.

Overall, Anki remains a top choice for those serious about efficient learning, with ongoing updates that improve its effectiveness in helping users retain knowledge over time.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Morph

Morph is a developing library designed for creating Hypermedia-Driven Applications without needing a build step, built on HTMX. It merges features from server-side rendering (SSR), single-page applications (SPA), and islands architecture, using simple HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Key features of Morph include:

• Each component can access its own API for hypertext.
• Components are server-rendered and can operate independently.
• Supports a hierarchy of nested components.
• Requires minimal or no client-side JavaScript.
• No upfront design for API data structures is necessary.
• Can be integrated into any Deno, Node, or Bun project.

Morph is particularly useful for small projects like Telegram bots or internal tools that need a dynamic UI without the complexity of a full frontend stack.

Getting Started: To use Morph, install the necessary packages for your runtime (Deno, Bun, or Node) and set up a simple server application that renders a page.

License: MIT

The library is actively being developed, and contributions are welcome.

The author reflects on the future of mathematics in a world increasingly influenced by capitalism and artificial intelligence. While not a professional mathematician, they express concern about the commodification of mathematical thought, suggesting that if machine learning models dominate mathematical research, it could undermine the human pursuit of understanding and intellectual growth.

They warn of a potential future where mathematics is dictated by corporate interests, resulting in a loss of meaningful human contributions to the field. The author imagines a scenario where advanced AI generates proofs and theories, making human mathematicians reliant on these machines, much like a priesthood serving the interests of the wealthy.

Despite the dystopian view, the author encourages introspection about the role of mathematics in society and its connection to human creativity. They hope for a return to viewing mathematics as an art form that enriches our lives, rather than simply a tool for profit. However, they acknowledge that current trends may lead us further away from this ideal.

Summary of Veav Web Browser Engine

Veav is an experimental web browser engine that currently supports several web standards, including:

• Most display types (but not grid)
• Standard CSS cascade behavior
• Pagination with @page rules
• Print-to-PDF functionality
• All CSS units like percentages, var(), and calc()
• Loading of HTML and XHTML files
• Basic networking (supports only http:// and file:// links)

To see detailed compatibility and features, check the WPT status page.

Getting Started with Veav: To try Veav, you need to run a series of commands to install necessary packages and clone the repository. Here's a simplified version of the steps:

1. Install required packages:

   pacman -S base-devel git ninja sdl2 nasm gcc-multilib liburing clang libseccomp
   yay -S clang-prefixed-release
   

2. Clone the Veav repository:

   git clone https://github.com/skift-org/vaev.git
   cd vaev
   

3. Install additional dependencies:

   pip install git+https://github.com/cute-engineering/cutekit
   

4. Run the browser with a file:

   python -m ck run --release vaev-browser -- file.html
   

Architecture: An architecture diagram is available in the tldraw format.

Authors: The project is created by Lou, LuneMercier, Paulo Medeiros, and Sleepy Monax.

The article discusses the ongoing use of outdated Windows computers and software, highlighting how many people and systems are still reliant on technology that is decades old. Despite advancements in technology, some devices, like ATMs and train systems, continue to operate on operating systems like Windows XP and MS-DOS due to their reliability and integration into existing infrastructure.

Microsoft, which celebrates its 50th anniversary this year, has left a lasting impact on digital infrastructure, making it difficult for organizations to upgrade due to high costs and complex compatibility issues. For example, many hospitals, transit systems, and even government facilities still use old systems because they are stable, although this reliance raises concerns about cybersecurity and efficiency.

Some users, like a psychiatrist and a woodworker, share their frustrations with the slow performance and outdated interfaces of these machines. Meanwhile, there are also efforts to preserve old technology for cultural and artistic reasons, as seen in an electronic literature lab that maintains vintage computers to showcase early digital art and literature.

Overall, the article illustrates the paradox of how outdated technology, while often frustrating, remains deeply embedded in modern life due to Microsoft’s long-term support strategy and the challenges of upgrading systems.

In this article, the author discusses a trade-off in TypeScript's type system: while stricter types offer better safety, they often become overly complex. This complexity can lead to a phenomenon called "hyper-typing," where libraries strive for perfect type safety but end up with confusing types and cryptic error messages.

The author illustrates this with an example of a function that prints an object's property, showing how it can be typed loosely or strictly. The strict version offers more guarantees but increases complexity.

The article highlights TanStack Form as an example of a library that uses hyper-typing, making its type definitions difficult to understand despite being technically impressive. The author points out several issues with hyper-typing, including:

• Poorly formatted type definitions.
• Difficult-to-understand types that can lead to unsafe workarounds.
• Complicated error messages that confuse users.

Ultimately, the author prefers simpler libraries that may be less accurate but are more enjoyable to work with. They also suggest generating types from schema definitions as a potentially better approach for improving the developer experience.

No summary available.

Summary of "The Annotated Great Gatsby" Review

The review discusses "The Annotated Great Gatsby," edited by James L.W. West III, which reflects on F. Scott Fitzgerald's iconic novel. The reviewer highlights Fitzgerald's recurring themes of desire and unfulfilled longing, particularly through the lens of young love and first kisses. The text emphasizes how Fitzgerald's upbringing in a conservative environment influenced his portrayal of romantic relationships, often marked by hesitation and societal constraints.

The review notes the evolution of "The Great Gatsby" from its conception to publication in 1925, initially receiving mixed reviews. Over time, it gained recognition as a masterful work of American literature. The narrative follows Jay Gatsby, a self-made man obsessed with reclaiming his past love, Daisy Buchanan, set against the backdrop of the Jazz Age.

Fitzgerald's writing is praised for its vivid imagery and emotional depth, exploring the tensions between aspiration and reality. The book ultimately serves as a commentary on the American Dream and the ephemeral nature of desire. Despite its initial lack of popularity, "The Great Gatsby" became a staple in educational curricula and continues to resonate culturally, prompting diverse interpretations related to class, race, and gender dynamics within American society.

Overall, the review positions "The Great Gatsby" as a timeless reflection on love, loss, and the pursuit of dreams, emphasizing its lyrical prose and complex characters.

Bryan praised Dan's writeup, mentioning that Obsidian is a great tool that improves upon Roam. He also highlighted the benefits of using it with Nick Milo's "Linking Your Thinking" strategy, saying it has significantly helped him.

Parallel functional array languages are new programming languages designed to make parallel programming easier while ensuring good performance. This study compares five such languages: Accelerate, APL, DaCe, Futhark, and SaC, using four challenging benchmarks: N-body simulation, MultiGrid, Quickhull, and Flash Attention. These benchmarks cover various application areas and computational models.

The key finding is that functional array code is simpler and shorter than traditional optimized code because it avoids details specific to certain computer architectures. This allows one codebase to run efficiently on both multicore systems and GPUs, making it easier to adapt to new technologies.

The performance of these languages was tested on 39 benchmark instances across a 32-core AMD processor and an NVIDIA GPU. The analysis reveals that mature functional array languages can perform as well as traditional programming methods, showing their promise for efficient parallel computing.

No summary available.

Summary: Is Winter Coming?

The text discusses the challenges and disillusionment surrounding artificial intelligence (AI), drawing parallels with past failures in the field. In the 1960s, AI researchers were overly optimistic about machine translation, leading to decreased funding when results didn’t meet expectations, marking the first "AI winter."

Today, AI technologies, like image recognition and language models (LLMs), have made progress but still face significant limitations. For example, an image recognition feature may fail to find pictures of peanuts unless prompted creatively, illustrating the need for "prompt engineering." This means users often need to think like computers, which contradicts the idea of AI making tasks easier.

Despite advancements, many AI systems still struggle with accuracy and can produce false information, known as "hallucinations." Public perception is influenced by hype from tech companies, leading to unrealistic expectations. While AI can assist in specific tasks, it often requires human oversight to ensure correctness.

The text also highlights the risk of relying on AI for critical tasks, such as legal work or customer support, where mistakes could have serious consequences. Current AI applications often fall short of the promised capabilities, and the hype surrounding them is beginning to wane.

Overall, the author suggests that while AI has potential, the reality may lead to another period of reduced interest and investment—an "AI winter"—if expectations remain unfulfilled.

Constructor Theory Simulator Summary

The Constructor Theory Simulator is a Python project based on David Deutsch's Constructor Theory. It allows users to explore fundamental concepts like Tasks, substrates, quantum gravity, and electromagnetism through code. A key feature is a "universal constructor" that can create itself from a list of Tasks, showcasing self-replication.

Key Features:

• Core Concepts: Attributes, Substrates, Tasks, Constructors.
• Tasks: Supports irreversible and quantum tasks, including many-worlds branching and decoherence.
• Simulations: Includes timers, proper time simulation, and corrections for relativity.
• Fungibility: Allows easy exchange of identical substrates.
• Visualization: ASCII visualizer for inspecting branches.
• Dynamics: Supports 1D and 2D dynamics, with various integration methods.
• Coupling Tasks: Simulates gravitational and electromagnetic interactions.
• Universal Constructor: Can create any list of Tasks into functional Constructors.

Getting Started:

• Requirements: Python 3.8+ (optional: matplotlib).
• Installation: Clone the repository and run unit tests.
• Demos: Run demo scripts to see constructors in action.

Example Usage:

Users can define tasks (like photon emission and absorption), build a constructor, and simulate photon interactions.

Contribution:

The project encourages contributions, including reporting issues, submitting new constructors, and enhancing documentation.

License:

The project is released under the MIT License.

Acknowledgments:

Inspired by the work of Deutsch and Marletto in Constructor Theory.

David Bowie, known for his music career, also ventured into the internet world by launching his own Internet Service Provider (ISP) called BowieNet in 1998. This was during a time when the internet was rapidly expanding to everyday users. BowieNet offered subscribers features like a unique email address, personal web hosting, and access to exclusive content, including music and chatrooms where Bowie himself participated.

The service started in the US for $19.95 a month and later expanded to the UK. At its peak, it had around 100,000 subscribers. BowieNet was innovative for its time, using early internet technologies for audio and graphics and even allowing fans to send e-cards and create blogs.

However, BowieNet struggled to maintain its full-service model and was shut down in 2006, eventually becoming a simple fan site before closing completely in 2012. Although it didn't last, BowieNet was an early attempt to connect fans directly with artists online, showcasing Bowie's forward-thinking approach to the internet.

hardtime.nvim Summary

hardtime.nvim is a plugin designed to help users improve their Vim skills by breaking bad habits and mastering Vim motions.

Key Features:

• Blocks repeated key presses within a short time frame.
• Provides hints for quicker navigation in Vim.
• Offers reports on common bad habits.

Recommended Use:

• Use relative jumps (e.g., 5j for moving down) for vertical movements.
• Use shortcuts like CTRL-U, CTRL-D, and gg for scrolling through content.
• Use word and character motion commands for horizontal movement.
• Utilize text objects and operators (e.g., ci{) for efficient editing.
• Jump between brackets using specific commands.

Installation:

• Requires Neovim version 0.10.0 or higher.
• Install using your preferred package manager.
• Set up the plugin in your Neovim configuration file.

Usage:

• Hardtime is enabled by default. You can enable, disable, or toggle it using specific commands.
• View hints and logs for your usage.

Configuration Options:

• Customize key restrictions, file types, and notification settings.
• Set maximum time and count for repeated key presses.
• Options to enable or disable mouse support, hint messages, and more.

Contributing:

• Contributions are welcome, and guidelines can be found in the CONTRIBUTING.md file.

This plugin aims to enhance your Vim experience by encouraging better habits and providing helpful feedback.

No summary available.

Elon Musk's company, xAI, has transformed an abandoned factory in southwest Memphis into what it claims is the "world's largest supercomputer," named Colossus. This facility is expected to create jobs and boost the local economy. However, residents in the nearby Boxtown community, which is predominantly Black and economically disadvantaged, are concerned about the health risks associated with the facility.

xAI uses gas-powered turbines that produce harmful pollutants, and the company currently lacks the necessary air permits, leading to anger among residents and environmental groups. Local officials, including State Rep. Justin Pearson, express frustration over being kept in the dark about the facility and its potential impact on the already poor air quality in the area.

Despite the promises of economic growth, many in the community are wary that the jobs created will not significantly benefit local residents. They fear the facility will contribute to ongoing health issues in a region already burdened by pollution from other industrial sources. The situation highlights a broader conflict between technological advancement and environmental justice, as many residents feel they are unfairly bearing the costs of progress.

The article discusses how social conventions can emerge spontaneously among large language model (LLM) populations, similar to how they form in human societies. Here are the key points:

1. Emergence of Conventions: The study shows that LLMs can develop universally accepted social conventions through their interactions without any central authority guiding them.

2. Collective Bias: Even if individual LLMs show no bias, collective biases can emerge as they communicate, affecting how groups form norms.

3. Influence of Minority Groups: A small, committed group of LLMs can change established conventions if they reach a certain threshold of influence, known as "critical mass."

4. Implications for AI Design: Understanding how these conventions form helps in designing AI systems that align with human values and societal goals.

5. Methodology: The authors used a naming game model to explore how agents coordinate their behaviors and how conventions can arise from local interactions.

Overall, the research highlights the potential for AI systems to develop social norms organically, which is important for ensuring they operate in ways that are beneficial to society.

Buckaroo - A Data Table for Jupyter

Buckaroo is a new data table tool for Jupyter that simplifies common data analysis tasks. It provides a fast, sortable table that displays data efficiently and includes features like summary statistics, histograms, smart sampling, and auto-cleaning. Users can customize settings easily.

Key Features:

• Performance: Loads large datasets quickly with smooth scrolling.
• Formatting: Displays numeric data with fixed-width fonts for clarity.
• Histograms: Offers visual distributions of data for each column.
• Sorting and Searching: Easily sort and find data within the table.
• Low-code Interface: Generates Python code to streamline analysis.
• Autocleaning: Automatically detects and corrects common data issues.

Compatibility:

• Works with Jupyter Lab, Jupyter Notebook, Google Colab, and more.
• Supports Pandas and Polars DataFrames.

Getting Started: To install, run pip install buckaroo and restart your Jupyter server. Buckaroo becomes the default display for DataFrames when imported.

Learn More: Extensive documentation and video tutorials are available to help users explore Buckaroo's features.

Contributions: The project encourages contributions and feedback from users to improve the tool.

No summary available.

No summary available.

BrowserBee Overview

BrowserBee is an open-source Chrome extension that allows users to control their browser using natural language. It prioritizes privacy and operates mainly within the browser, making it safe for tasks on logged-in websites such as social media and email.

Key Features:

• Supports major language model (LLM) providers like OpenAI and Gemini.
• Tracks token usage and costs for tasks.
• Utilizes Playwright for effective browser automation.
• Offers a memory feature to save useful actions for future use.
• Asks for user approval when necessary, like for purchases or social media posts.

Supported Tools: BrowserBee provides various tools for navigation, interaction, observation, and memory management, including:

• Navigation tools to move between pages and tabs.
• Interaction tools for clicking elements and typing text.
• Observation tools to capture page information and screenshots.
• Memory tools to save and retrieve sequences of actions.

Use Cases:

• Manage social media accounts and summarize notifications.
• Curate news and provide quick updates.
• Assist with emails, bookings, and product searches.
• Help with research and information organization.

Installation Options:

1. Download from GitHub and load it in Chrome.
2. Build from source with dependencies.
3. Coming soon to the Chrome Web Store.

Usage: Users can activate BrowserBee by clicking its icon or using a keyboard shortcut, then typing commands to perform tasks.

Conclusion: BrowserBee aims to provide a convenient, privacy-focused AI assistant for everyday browsing tasks, with potential for continued improvements and features.

Summary of "Layers All The Way Down: The Untold Story of Shader Compilation"

The text discusses the challenges of rendering graphics across multiple platforms in game development. While tools like SDL simplify tasks such as window management, rendering remains complex due to the variety of graphics APIs like Vulkan, D3D, Metal, and OpenGL, each with unique requirements.

The author, a co-maintainer of the FNA project, explains the development of Refresh, a graphics abstraction library aimed at improving cross-platform shader handling. Shaders are programs executed on GPUs that transform data in parallel, but compiling them has become complicated due to the lack of standardization among different GPU architectures and instruction sets.

Historically, shaders were compiled at runtime, leading to inefficiencies and potential bugs. Now, bytecode is used, which still requires compilation specific to the graphics hardware. This fragmentation across platforms creates difficulties for developers trying to create portable applications.

The text argues that shaders should be viewed as content rather than code, emphasizing the extensive transformation required before they can be executed. The current system is inefficient because every platform has different requirements and no universal shader format exists. Efforts to create a portable high-level shader language face skepticism due to the complexity and lack of cooperation among major industry players.

Ultimately, the proposed approach in the SDL GPU API allows for flexibility in shader format while providing a way to adapt to different platforms. Developers can choose their preferred shader languages and formats, leading to a more efficient workflow that accommodates various needs without enforcing a single solution.

No summary available.

Summary:

The author discusses their experience of using a mobile setup for coding without a laptop for two weeks, relying on a phone, AR glasses, and a foldable keyboard. They discovered that it is possible to run a full desktop Linux environment on an Android phone, which allows for a lightweight and portable work setup.

Key Points:

1. Setup Overview:

   • The author ran a Linux environment on their phone using native arm64 binaries in a chroot container.
   • The setup included a used Pixel 8 Pro phone, Xreal Air 2 Pro AR glasses, and a foldable Bluetooth keyboard, costing a total of $636.

2. Benefits of the Mobile Setup:

   • Portability: The entire setup fits in pockets, making it easier to work in various locations like parks and coffee shops.
   • Flexibility: The phone's cellular connection eliminates reliance on Wi-Fi, enabling outdoor work.
   • Comfort: The setup is more comfortable than using a laptop in tight spaces, like on airplanes.

3. Challenges Encountered:

   • Setting up the Linux environment was complicated, requiring experimentation with different methods.
   • The AR glasses provided a good display quality but had some usability issues, such as a too large field of view.
   • The foldable keyboard was the weakest part of the setup, lacking comfort and quality.

4. Performance and Battery Life:

   • The author found the performance of the phone acceptable for coding tasks, though not as fast as a laptop.
   • Battery life allowed for about 4-5 hours of use before needing a charge.

5. Conclusion:

   • The author plans to continue using this mobile setup due to the newfound freedom and flexibility it offers, despite some challenges.
   • They believe there is potential for ultra-mobile software development as technology improves.

No summary available.

Summary of the Journal of Imaginary Research

The Journal of Imaginary Research publishes fictional works in the style of academic research abstracts. It was created by real researchers and students, with new volumes released every November during Global Academic Writing Month.

The journal originated from a creative writing workshop designed to help researchers express their ideas without the usual constraints of their work. This workshop aims to ease writing anxiety and encourage creativity among researchers from all fields.

The pieces published are reflections of how researchers can communicate their work creatively. The journal welcomes submissions from anyone interested in using creative writing as a fun process. Announcements for new submissions will be made on their blog.

The editors are Dr. Kay Guccione and Dr. Matthew Cheeseman.

Project Zero Update - May 9, 2025

The Project Zero team at Google shared news about their ongoing work. They have begun a project called "Breaking the Sound Barrier," focusing on testing CoreAudio using a technique called fuzzing with Mach messages. This effort aims to identify vulnerabilities and improve the security of audio handling in systems. Further details on their progress and findings will likely be shared in upcoming updates.

The text discusses the evolving concept of free speech, highlighting its historical context and contemporary implications. Fara Dabhoiwala's book, "What Is Free Speech? The History of a Dangerous Idea," explores how free speech, once championed by figures like Milton and Locke, has now become a contentious issue, particularly among right-wing groups in today's debates.

Key points include:

1. Shift in Advocacy: Historically, free speech advocates were often on the left, but now many right-wing groups defend it, especially against perceived political correctness or "woke" culture.

2. Historical Perspective: The history of free speech is complex and often accidental, with reforms leading to unforeseen effects. Dabhoiwala argues that the concept has been poorly understood and often misused for political ends.

3. Pre-modern Views: In earlier societies, speech was seen as powerful and potentially harmful, leading to strict laws against false news and defamation. This contrasts sharply with modern views that often separate words from actions.

4. Development of Free Speech: The idea evolved significantly during the English Civil Wars, leading to a gradual acceptance of freedom of expression, though with many limitations. The modern absolutist view of free speech emerged from Cato's Letters in the early 18th century.

5. U.S. vs. Global Perspectives: The U.S. adopted a strong absolutist stance with the First Amendment, while other nations, like those in Europe, maintain laws regulating hate speech and incitement.

6. Consequences of Free Speech: The text raises concerns about the harmful effects of unregulated speech, including hate speech that can incite violence, as seen in recent mass shootings linked to extremist manifestos.

7. Need for Balance: The author argues for a balanced approach to free speech that considers public safety and civil discourse, highlighting the difficulty of defining the limits of free speech without infringing on rights.

In essence, the text emphasizes the need for thoughtful discourse on free speech, recognizing its benefits while also acknowledging the potential for harm.

This document describes a Rust crate for working with Model2Vec static embedding models. Here's a simplified summary:

Quick Start

1. Installation: Add the crate to your project using:

   cargo add model2vec-rs
   

2. Using the Library:

   • Load a model from the Hugging Face Hub or a local path.
   • Prepare a list of sentences.
   • Create embeddings from the sentences.

   Example code:

   // Load a model
   let model = StaticModel::from_pretrained("minishlab/potion-base-8M", None, None, None)?;
   
   // Prepare sentences
   let sentences = vec!["Hello world".to_string(), "Rust is awesome".to_string()];
   
   // Create embeddings
   let embeddings = model.encode(&sentences);
   println!("Embeddings: {:?}", embeddings);
   

3. Command Line Interface (CLI):

   • For a single sentence:

     cargo run -- encode "Hello world" minishlab/potion-base-8M
     

   • For multiple sentences from a file:

     echo -e "Hello world\nRust is awesome" > input.txt
     cargo run -- encode input.txt minishlab/potion-base-8M --output embeds.json
     

Models

Several pre-trained models are available, including:

• potion-base-32M: 32.3M parameters, general use.
• potion-base-8M: 7.5M parameters, general use.
• potion-retrieval-32M: 32.3M parameters, for retrieval tasks.
• M2V_multilingual_output: 471M parameters, general use for multiple languages.

Performance

The Rust implementation outperforms the Python version:

• Rust: 8000 samples/second
• Python: 4650 samples/second
• Rust is about 1.7 times faster than Python.

License

The crate is licensed under the MIT License.

The chestnut trees in Europe reveal a hidden history linked to the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. The Romans spread sweet chestnut trees across the continent, not primarily for their nuts, but for their quick-growing timber, which was valuable for construction and military needs. This practice helped connect various cultures and improve forestry techniques throughout Europe.

Research shows that before the Romans arrived, sweet chestnuts were nearly absent in places like Switzerland and France. However, as the Roman Empire expanded around 0 AD, the presence of sweet chestnut pollen increased significantly. After the empire's decline around 400-500 AD, the pollen levels dropped, indicating that many orchards were abandoned.

While the Romans are credited with popularizing sweet chestnuts in mainland Europe, they likely did not introduce them to Britain, where they arrived later. The Romans valued the chestnut's ability to regrow quickly after being cut, making it an excellent resource for construction.

In regions like Ticino, Switzerland, chestnuts became an essential food source by the Middle Ages, as locals learned to cultivate and care for the trees. Today, sweet chestnut trees face challenges from disease and climate change, yet they remain a significant part of the European landscape and culinary traditions, reflecting the enduring impact of Roman agricultural practices.

Summary of the Malloy Publisher Overview

• What is Malloy?

  • Malloy is an open-source language designed for modeling data, helping users define the meaning and relationships within their data.

• What is Publisher?

  • Publisher is an open-source semantic model server that uses Malloy to provide a consistent way for applications and users to query data, ensuring clarity in terms like "revenue" and "active user."

• Main Purpose:

  • The goal of Publisher is to enhance trust in data answers by making sure the definitions of data terms are clear and shared across applications.

• Key Features:

  • API Access: Publisher serves Malloy models through APIs, allowing users to query data using business terms instead of SQL.
  • Components:
    • Publisher Server: Manages Malloy packages and converts Malloy queries to SQL for various databases.
    • Publisher SDK: A library of UI components for building apps that interact with the Publisher Server.
    • Publisher App: A web application that showcases how to use the SDK and explore Malloy packages.

• Architecture:

  • Publisher consists of a server, a UI component library, and a reference app. It also supports AI-driven applications that can interact with the semantic models.

• Development and Configuration:

  • Developers can easily manage and deploy their models using standardized practices, ensuring governance and scalability.

• Future Developments:

  • Upcoming features include improved development modes, integrated analysis tools, scheduled data processing, a SQL API, and support for containerization and popular tools like dbt and Apache Airflow.

• Community and Resources:

  • Users are encouraged to join the Malloy community for support, feedback, and collaboration. Documentation and resources are available for learning and development.

No summary available.

Since Ancient Greece and Rome, beehives have symbolized different political systems. Aristotle viewed bees as "political animals," while Virgil saw them as a model of social order. In the Elizabethan era, beehives were likened to monarchies, as noted by Shakespeare, who thought bees had a king. However, Spanish entomologist Luis Méndez de Torres discovered that bees are actually ruled by a queen.

Charles Butler’s book, The Feminine Monarchie (1609), was the first English work on bees and highlighted their social structure. He admired bees for their hard work and cleanliness, suggesting that they dislike certain foods and will defend themselves against drunken people. Butler expressed a desire to emulate bees' industrious nature and criticized drone bees for being lazy.

His book combines practical beekeeping tips with theological insights, emphasizing the importance of protecting bees from their enemies. One unusual story describes bees building a chapel after a beekeeper put sacramental bread in their hive. Butler also included music meant to mimic the sounds of bees, promoting the idea of female rulers as superior.

Overall, Butler sought order in language and politics, modeling his vision of a perfect government on the structure of a beehive rather than a royal court.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Here's a simplified summary of the text:

1. Flexagon: A card that tells a 4-frame story when bent.

2. Hexaflexagon: A paper toy that reveals different images or stories through twisting and bending, making it interactive and fun.

3. 5-Sided Collapsible Tube: An innovative material design by Erana Kratounis.

4. Spring-like Behavior: A material design that can change shape, studied by researchers.

5. Miura Fold: A folding technique that allows a flat surface to collapse into a smaller size, often used for solar panels.

6. Bistable Mechanism: A paper switch that can snap between two states, created from a specific folding pattern.

7. Hexagonal Origami Flasher: A collapsible structure used in origami.

8. Rotating Cam with Arm: A mechanical design that moves in surprising ways when a wheel is turned.

9. Two-Blind Reveal: A simple structure that reveals a hidden image when operated.

10. Linear to Rotary Movement: A mechanism that turns in response to book movements.

11. Percussive Object: A noisemaker that creates sounds with serrated edges.

12. Modified Waterbomb: An origami pattern used in tuning antennas.

13. Sequenced Folding Patterns: Combining different folding patterns to create new movements and functions.

14. Square Twist: A complex folding pattern that expands in multiple directions.

15. 360° Rotary Reveal: A paper structure that shows different images like a camera shutter.

16. Opposing Hinges: A design activated by opening and closing a card.

17. Paper Rotorelief: A spinning structure that creates visual illusions.

18. Multi-directional Hinge Illusion: A design likely originating from Bauhaus students.

19. Flasher: An animated structure used in solar technology.

20. Infinity Form: An optical illusion possibly from Bauhaus designs.

21. 360° Form: Another optical illusion from Bauhaus students.

22. Rotary Hidden Picture Reveal: A mechanism seen in Victorian cards.

23. Troublewit Pleated Toy: A playful and shape-shifting structure.

24. Diagonal Venetian Blind Reveal: A structure that uncovers a hidden image with a pull-tab.

25. Square Accordion Bellows: A collapsible design used in view cameras.

26. Paper Net: A Victorian card design that reveals a photo underneath.

27. Traditional Venetian Blinds: A pull-tab mechanism revealing a hidden picture.

28-31. Various Optical Illusions and Forms: These forms create visual tricks and might originate from Bauhaus design.

32. Collapsible Card: A card that creates a pull and twirl effect.

33. Slant Pull-tab: A mechanism that allows you to adjust the angle of a pull-tab.

34. Pop-up Accordion Riser: A fold that pops up when a book is opened.

This summary highlights the key creations and concepts related to paper engineering and origami.

Workflow Composer: Create Dapr Workflows from Diagrams

1. Upload Your Diagram: You can upload your workflow diagrams by browsing your files, dragging and dropping them, or pasting them directly. Supported image formats include PNG, JPEG, GIF, and WebP.

2. Choose Output Language: After uploading, you can select the programming language for your output.

For more help, you can check the documentation or ask in the Discord community.

Summary of RISC OS GUI

RISC OS 3.11, released by Acorn Computers in 1992, features an innovative graphical interface that was advanced for its time. Here are the key points:

Desktop Layout:

• The desktop consists of the Pinboard and Icon Bar. The Pinboard displays pinned icons and a backdrop, while the Icon Bar shows active tasks and mounted file systems.
• Users can save the Pinboard state to reopen it after a reboot.

Mouse Functions:

• RISC OS uses a three-button mouse:
  • The left button is for selection.
  • The middle button opens context-sensitive menus.
  • The right button offers alternative functions, reducing the need for keyboard shortcuts.

Menus:

• Menus are pop-up and context-sensitive, enhancing usability by allowing quick access based on cursor position.
• Submenus can serve as dialog boxes, streamlining user interactions without needing separate dialog windows.

Windows Management:

• Windows are stacked and can be minimized to icons. Focus is unique; clicking a window does not bring it to the front, allowing background windows to remain interactive.
• Keyboard focus is indicated by a yellow title bar, and the focus is not necessarily tied to a window's position in the stack.

Dialog Boxes:

• Dialogs are often modal and may disappear if the user switches to another window. Controls are straightforward, but some keyboard shortcuts can be inconsistent.

File Operations:

• RISC OS handles files differently; there are no standard Open/Save dialogs. Instead, users drag files and folders, with options for copying or moving files using the Shift key.

Applications:

• Applications are represented as directories starting with an exclamation mark. Users can open them like regular folders to manage their contents.

Text and Icon Design:

• The system supports high-quality text rendering with anti-aliasing, and icons can be non-square and of various sizes.

Customization:

• The interface theme can be modified, and it includes animated cursors.

In conclusion, RISC OS offers a distinct graphical interface that emphasizes mouse interaction and efficient menu design, providing valuable insights for modern GUI development.

No summary available.

Seagate's recent report argues that traditional hard drives (HDDs) are more environmentally friendly than solid-state drives (SSDs) when it comes to carbon emissions. Here's a simplified overview of the key points:

1. Energy Concerns: Many business leaders worry about energy use in data centers, which are expected to see a 165% increase in power demand by 2030 due to rising data volumes and AI adoption.

2. Storage Options: The report compares three types of storage: HDDs, SSDs, and tape. It finds that:

   • SSDs have the highest carbon footprint, making them the least eco-friendly option.
   • HDDs have the lowest carbon footprint, making them the most sustainable choice.
   • Tape has a moderate footprint but is less efficient than HDDs.

3. Sustainable Strategies: Seagate suggests three ways to improve sustainability:

   • Technological Innovation: Use advanced technologies to lower energy consumption.
   • Life Cycle Management: Focus on refurbishing and reusing equipment to reduce waste.
   • Collaboration: Work together with suppliers and partners to lower emissions across the board.

4. New Technology: Seagate's HAMR-based Mozaic 3+ disk technology promises to reduce carbon emissions per terabyte by over 70% and cut costs by 25%.

5. Holistic Approach: Seagate emphasizes that sustainability should be a comprehensive effort involving all parts of the ecosystem, ensuring that growth in data center operations does not harm the environment.

Overall, the report positions HDDs as a more environmentally sustainable choice compared to SSDs, while advocating for innovative and collaborative approaches to reduce carbon emissions in data management.

John L. Young, who passed away at 89 on March 28 in New York City, was a pioneer in creating an online library for official secrets. He co-founded Cryptome in 1996 with his wife, architect Deborah Natsios, to provide access to information about government secrecy, privacy, and national security. Their motto highlighted the dangers of official secrecy to democracy and invited the public to submit banned documents.

Cryptome quickly became known for publishing a wide range of government and corporate documents, especially during the "crypto wars" of the 1990s, advocating for the freedom of encryption. John was also involved with WikiLeaks early on but later distanced himself over concerns about its monetization.

Originally from West Texas and trained as an architect, John sought transparency in public development and created a digital archive to promote public knowledge. He faced pressure from the FBI, Secret Service, and tech companies but remained dedicated to his mission. A veteran of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, he also earned degrees in philosophy and architecture.

John L. Young was an under-recognized hero of the digital age, championing the idea that technology could democratize access to information. His commitment to the public's right to know will be greatly missed.

Magic Leap One Exploitation Summary

This repository shares a rough version of research on exploiting the Magic Leap One device. It includes code and a brief explanation of how it works.

Key Components:

• Fastbooted Folder: Contains code for the Magic Leap console.
• Fastbootrs Folder: Contains a Rust implementation of a Fastboot client that runs on the host computer.

Vulnerabilities:

1. Code Execution Vulnerability: Allows execution of code in CBoot via the Fastboot USB by exploiting a stack overflow in NVidia's SparseFS parser (called sparsehax).
2. Persistent Code Execution Vulnerability: Overwrites CBoot in memory through a large kernel-dtb file, enabling ongoing code execution (called dtbhax). This vulnerability may also affect other devices, potentially including some car units that use the TX2.

Usage Instructions:

• Warning: If you damage your console, it’s your responsibility.
• Obtain a signed signature context from a firmware update for your specific device and place it in fastbootrs/system-sparse-sig.bin.
• Inside fastbooted/payload, rename sparsehax.ld to ccplex.ld.
• Build the project using cargo build-usb-bin and move the payload.bin file to fastbootrs/src/payload.bin.
• Put your Magic Leap One into Fastboot mode by turning it off, holding the Volume Down button, and then turning it on.
• Navigate to the fastbootrs directory and run cargo run --release -- exploit.

Note: If these instructions are unclear, the exploit may not be ready for you to use yet. A detailed writeup will be provided later.

Three researchers, Michael F. Wondrak, Walter D. van Suijlekom, and Heino Falcke, have proposed that any large mass, even a dead star, emits Hawking radiation and can gradually lose mass, leading to its disappearance. They acknowledge this idea contradicts existing principles like baryon conservation but do not explain how this would occur.

Their claims have not gained traction in the scientific community, with experts pointing out flaws in their reasoning. Critics argue that a static gravitational field does not produce particle-antiparticle pairs, a concept well-established since at least 1975.

Despite their controversial paper gaining media attention, reputable physicists emphasize that these claims have not changed the understanding of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Journalists often report sensational findings without consulting experts, leading to misinformation about the potential early demise of the universe.

To understand these concepts accurately, experts recommend referring to foundational works in quantum field theory, which affirm that a static mass does not emit Hawking radiation as claimed by Wondrak and colleagues.

Summary of the Home Content Authoring System

• Overview: Home is a content authoring system similar to Hugo or Zola, but it has distinct features.

• Not a Static Site Generator: Home requires a server component and cannot be hosted on simple storage solutions like S3. This allows it to offer features like:

  • Login options with GitHub and Patreon
  • Enhanced search capabilities
  • Seamless deployment processes

• Opinionated Technology Stack: Home uses specific technologies without compromise:

  • Images: JPEG-XL or SVG
  • Videos: AV1+Opus
  • Scripts: TypeScript
  • Components: Svelte 5
  • Styles: SCSS
  • Templates: Jinja2
  • Bundler: Vite

• Multi-Tenant Architecture: Home operates as two services:

  • Mom: Manages deployments, proxies storage, and handles media processing.
  • Cub: Renders templates and caches content close to users.

• Hosting: Home is designed for a multi-tenant setup and is not intended for single VPS installations, as it relies on its structured server architecture.

Overall, Home provides a streamlined and integrated approach to content creation and management.

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) are very good at understanding language, but it's still unclear how they do this. This paper aims to clarify their predictions by using simple functions based on N-gram statistics from their training data. The authors make several key findings:

1. They present a new way to detect overfitting during training without needing a separate test set.
2. They measure how LLMs evolve from recognizing simple to more complex patterns as they learn.
3. They identify a criterion that explains when LLM predictions can be described using N-gram rules.
4. They provide insights into how closely LLMs can be approximated by these rules as they become more complex.

Notably, they found that for 79% of predictions in TinyStories and 68% in Wikipedia, the LLMs' top predictions matched those of the N-gram rules.

Summary: Working with Git Patches in Apple Mail

To manage git patches using Apple Mail on MacOS, follow these steps:

1. Create a Patches Mailbox: Start by making a new mailbox folder called "Patches" in your Apple Mail account.

2. Apply Patches:

   • Find the email with the git patch.
   • Right-click on the email and select "Move to > Patches."
   • Then, right-click the Patches folder and choose "Export Mailbox…" to save it locally. It's helpful to create a top-level folder named Patches for organization.

3. Use the Terminal:

   • Open your terminal and go to your project folder using cd my-path/very-cool-project.
   • Run the command: git apply ~/Patches/<saved-patches-mailbox-folder>/mbox to apply the patch.

Remember to clean up your local Patches folder regularly. This process is efficient for managing git patches, even though the terminal does most of the work.

The text discusses Japan's unique IC card system used for public transport, highlighting its efficiency and technology. Here are the key points:

1. NFC Basics: Near-field communication (NFC) allows devices to communicate wirelessly. Japan uses a proprietary standard called FeliCa, developed by Sony, which is different from the MIFARE standard commonly used in the West.

2. Speed and Efficiency: FeliCa cards can process transactions much faster than Western transit cards. They store value on the card itself, allowing for quicker tap-in and tap-out at gates without needing to connect to an external server.

3. Osaifu-Keitai: This system allows smartphones to act as IC cards. While modern phones have NFC capabilities, they need specific support (Osaifu-Keitai) to function as IC cards. Apple’s iPhones include this functionality, but many Android phones do not unless they are designed for the Japanese market.

4. Security: FeliCa cards are considered secure because they use unique keys for each card and session, making cloning and replay attacks difficult. However, the underlying cryptography is proprietary, limiting public auditability.

5. Potential Vulnerabilities: While the cards themselves are secure, offline terminals like vending machines could be more vulnerable to attacks since they may not be connected to a central system for monitoring transactions.

6. Future Ideas: The author expresses interest in developing a mini train station network and researching the speed of FeliCa compared to other NFC technologies.

Overall, the text explores the advanced technology and security of Japan's IC card system, comparing it to Western systems and highlighting its practical applications and potential areas for further research.

Summary of AniSora: AI Video Generation Tool

AniSora is a powerful, open-source animated video generation model developed by Bilibili, specifically for creating anime-style videos. It allows users to generate videos from images or text prompts in various anime styles, including series episodes, Chinese animations, and VTuber content.

Key Features:

• One-Click Video Creation: Users can easily create videos with a single click by uploading images and providing prompts.
• High-Quality Output: AniSora produces high-definition videos (up to 1080p) that look professional and crisp.
• Anime Focused: The model is specially trained on anime and manga data, ensuring authentic animation that captures unique visual styles.
• User-Friendly Interface: Designed for accessibility, AniSora allows anyone, regardless of technical skill, to create animated content.

How to Use AniSora:

1. Upload a high-quality reference image.
2. Choose from various AI models tailored for different styles.
3. Generate and download the animated video.

Main Use Cases:

• Creating short clips for social media or promotional videos.
• Animating static manga panels.
• Producing content for VTubers.

AniSora's specialized focus on anime and manga makes it a valuable tool for creators looking to bring their artistic visions to life through AI-powered animation.

Summary: How to Supercharge Your Java Project with Rust

This guide explains how to integrate Rust into Java projects using the Java Native Interface (JNI). Combining Rust and Java can enhance performance by allowing manual memory management and utilizing Rust's speed for critical algorithms.

Key Points:

1. JNI Basics: JNI serves as a bridge between Java and native code (like Rust). It involves managing memory across different segments, such as the Java Heap (managed by the Garbage Collector) and Native Memory (managed manually).

2. Project Example: The guide uses the open-source rust-java-demo project to illustrate integration. It demonstrates how to package platform-specific Rust libraries into a single Java Archive (JAR) file for easy deployment.

3. Unified Logging: To simplify debugging, the guide suggests using a common logging system for both Rust and Java, allowing logs from both languages to appear in the same output stream.

4. Async Functions: Rust's async capabilities can be complex to integrate with Java. The guide outlines a method to call Rust async functions from Java without blocking the Java thread, using a combination of Rust and Java's CompletableFuture.

5. Error Handling: The guide describes how to convert Rust errors into Java exceptions, ensuring consistent error handling regardless of where the error originates.

Conclusion: The article provides practical steps for integrating Rust with Java, focusing on packaging, logging, async handling, and error management. For full examples and more details, the open-source repository is available for exploration.

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Yahtzeeql - Yahtzee Solver Using SQL

Setup Instructions:

1. Create a virtual environment: python3 -m venv yahtzee-venv
2. Activate the environment: source yahtzee-venv/bin/activate
3. Install required packages: pip install -r requirements.txt
4. Run tests: ./test.sh

After setup, you will see outputs for different strategies ranked by effectiveness.

Usage: Run the program with the following command:

python3 yahtzee.py --strategy <strategy> --runs <runs> [--interactive] [--show-plot]

• Replace <strategy> with one of the following options:

  • random: Keep the current dice and choose a random category.
  • random_greedy: Keep the current dice and select the category with the highest score.
  • all_yahtzee: Aim for a Yahtzee every turn.
  • prob: Use probability tables to maximize points.
  • prob_with_difficulty: Similar to prob, but considers category difficulty.

• --runs: Number of games to simulate.

• --interactive: Prompts you to choose a category for each turn.

• --show-plot: Displays a plot of score distributions.

Probability Tables:

• build_prob_db.py creates a SQLite database with:
  • all_rolls: All possible outcomes of 5 dice.
  • roll_transitions: Probabilities of changing from one roll to another.
  • level0: Scores for each roll in each category.
  • level1: Expected values for each roll and strategy.

Results of Strategies:

• Random: 84.5
• Random Greedy: 86.5
• All Yahtzee: 87.5
• Probability: 88.5
• Probability with Difficulty: 89.5

In the mid-1800s, the New York Harbor Commission sought federal help to clear Hell Gate, a dangerous area in New York Harbor known for its treacherous navigation due to strong currents and submerged rocks. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has worked on maintaining navigational channels in this busy port ever since.

Recent projects included deepening Newark Bay and Kill van Kull to accommodate larger ships. Hell Gate, which connects Long Island Sound to New York Harbor, was notorious for damaging ships; one in fifty vessels was reported to be damaged or sunk in the 1850s. Clearing it could save time and money for shipping.

Initial efforts to remove rocks began in 1850, led by engineer Monsieur Maillefert, who used innovative blasting techniques. However, challenges persisted, leading to a series of failed attempts and accidents.

In 1867, General Andrew Humphreys took charge of the project, ultimately leading to the successful demolition of hazardous reefs using advanced methods, including subaqueous tunneling. A significant explosion on October 10, 1885, removed Flood Rock, making navigation through Hell Gate much safer.

The successful removal of these obstacles revitalized New York's shipping trade, proving the investment in navigation improvements was worthwhile, and solidifying the port's status as a leading hub in the nation.

Summary of sshsync

sshsync is a simple command-line tool that allows you to run shell commands on multiple remote servers using SSH. It is designed for system administrators and developers to easily manage tasks across various servers.

Key Features:

• Run commands on all servers or specific groups.
• Execute commands simultaneously on multiple servers.
• Configure groups for easier management.
• Adjust SSH timeout settings.
• Transfer files between local and remote servers.
• Keep a history of operations and logs.
• Preview commands with a dry-run mode before execution.

Installation:

• Requires Python 3.10 or higher.
• Install using pip: pip install sshsync or clone the repository for manual installation.

Usage:

• Run commands on all hosts: sshsync all [OPTIONS] CMD
• Run commands on specific groups: sshsync group [OPTIONS] NAME CMD
• Push files to remote hosts: sshsync push [OPTIONS] LOCAL_PATH REMOTE_PATH
• Pull files from remote hosts: sshsync pull [OPTIONS] REMOTE_PATH LOCAL_PATH
• Manage host groups and configurations easily.

Configuration:

• Uses a YAML file for group information, while relying on your SSH config for connection details.
• Recommended to assign hosts to groups before running commands.

Logging:

• Operation logs are stored in platform-specific locations for tracking command execution and errors.

Future Updates:

• Upcoming features include live command output, performance improvements, and support for more authentication methods.

License:

• sshsync is released under the MIT License.

Batch Raycaster Summary

The Batch Raycaster is a simple raycasting program inspired by Wolfenstein3D, created using Windows Batch. It works within the limitations of Batch, which doesn’t support floating point calculations or trigonometric functions, resulting in frame generation taking about 1.5 seconds. Movement is controlled through console inputs.

Getting Started:

• Prerequisites: Designed for Windows; may not work well in Linux/macOS virtual environments.
• Installation: Clone or download the project from GitHub.

Usage:

• Customize the map by editing map.txt, where '·' represents empty spaces.
• Launch the program by double-clicking raycaster.bat or running it from the Command Prompt.
• Controls:
  • Move: w (north), a (west), s (south), d (east).
  • Aim: z # (turn left), x # (turn right), where # is the degree to turn.
• For better performance, use raycaster_optimized.bat, though it has less readable code.

License: The project is licensed under the MIT License.

Contact: For more information, reach out to Nikolas Thornton at [email protected].

Summary of espanso: A Cross-Platform Text Expander

Espanso is a text expander application written in Rust that works on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It helps users by automatically replacing specific keywords with longer phrases, which saves typing time. Some key features include:

• Compatibility with almost any program.
• Support for emojis and images.
• A powerful search bar.
• Date and custom script expansions.
• Ability to run shell commands and configure app-specific settings.
• Package expansion and a built-in package manager.

To get started, users can visit the official documentation, join the community on Subreddit or Discord for support, and consider donating to help with development since espanso is free and open source.

The project was created by Federico Terzi and is licensed under the GPL-3.0 license, with contributions from many others.

Summary of Stack Error

Stack Error is a library designed to simplify error handling in Rust projects, allowing developers to focus on writing applications rather than managing errors. It has three main goals:

1. User-Friendly Design: It offers an ergonomic experience similar to the anyhow library.
2. Clear Error Messages: It generates informative error messages that aid in debugging.
3. Typed Data for Error Handling: It provides structured error data to handle runtime errors effectively.

Key Features

• Informative Error Messages: Errors include details like file names and line numbers, helping to understand what went wrong in the code.
• Runtime Error Handling: Users can inspect optional error codes to manage different error scenarios.
• Custom Error Types: Developers can create their own error types and methods to enhance error handling.

Comparison with Other Libraries

• Anyhow: While anyhow speeds up development by allowing quick error handling with the ? operator, it can complicate debugging by providing less context about errors. Stack Error aims to improve this by co-locating error sources with specific messages.
• Thiserror: Unlike thiserror, which requires careful planning of error types, Stack Error offers a more straightforward approach to manage errors without excessive complexity.

Library Structure

The core components include:

• StackError Struct: The main error type.
• ErrorStacks Trait: An interface for handling errors.
• Macros: Various macros (stack_msg!, stack_err!, stack_map!, stack_else!) simplify common error handling tasks and enhance error messages.

Examples of Usage

1. Creating a Custom Error Type:

   #[derive_stack_error]
   struct Error(StackError);
   

2. Using Macros for Error Messages:

   Err(StackError::new(stack_msg!("failed to process data")));
   

3. Wrapping and Chaining Errors:

   read_data().stack_err(stack_msg!("failed to process data"));
   

4. Defining Custom Error Codes:

   #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
   enum ErrorCode {
       SomethingWentWrong,
       SomethingElseWentWrong,
   }
   

In summary, Stack Error provides a streamlined and effective error handling framework for Rust developers, blending ease of use with detailed debugging information.

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Summary:

The text promotes the idea of building a "world model" for browser agents instead of just creating tools around existing AI like GPT. The company, Foundry, aims to automate browser-based workflows that currently lack reliable AI solutions, which represents a significant economic opportunity. They are developing essential infrastructure for browser agents, including realistic web simulations, an annotation framework, and robust training environments.

Foundry is looking for a founding engineer with strong software engineering skills who wants to work on core machine learning systems and reinforcement learning infrastructure. The ideal candidate should have experience in Python or TypeScript, a track record of building projects, and exposure to machine learning.

The position offers the chance to tackle complex problems, work on real-world applications, and receive competitive pay and equity. Interested candidates are encouraged to reach out and join their mission to innovate in this space.

This article discusses setting up a highly available MQTT broker using Eclipse Mosquitto on Kubernetes, specifically with k3s and Traefik. Here are the key points:

1. Setup Overview: The configuration allows for a primary and secondary Mosquitto broker to operate simultaneously, minimizing downtime during failures. It uses Kubernetes features like Deployments, Services, ConfigMaps, and RBAC for this purpose.

2. Failover Mechanism: A failover controller monitors the primary broker's health. If the primary fails, it reroutes traffic to the secondary broker within 5 seconds, compared to the usual 5-minute recovery time with a single pod deployment.

3. Message Retention: Both brokers are bridged, meaning they share message states, ensuring that messages remain available during failovers. Clients reconnect automatically to the same service endpoint without needing to change configurations.

4. Configuration Details:

   • Namespace and ConfigMaps: A dedicated namespace is created with ConfigMaps for the primary and secondary brokers.
   • Deployments: Separate deployments are set up for the primary and secondary brokers, along with a failover monitoring pod.
   • Services: LoadBalancer services are configured to route traffic appropriately to the brokers.
   • RBAC: A ServiceAccount is created to allow the failover pod to check broker status and reroute traffic as needed.
   • Traefik Ingress: Traefik is configured to handle external MQTT traffic, exposing necessary ports.

5. Operational Notes: The system allows for quick recovery with minimal message loss during outages. Clients may need to reconnect briefly, but retained messages ensure continuity.

Overall, this setup enhances the reliability of MQTT messaging in Kubernetes, reducing downtime and improving system performance during failures.

No summary available.

Summary of Novel Operating Systems Catalog

This catalog highlights new operating systems developed by various creators, especially after the decline of note-taking apps and the rise of large language models (LLMs). It recalls the vibrant past of unique operating systems before computers became commercialized, mentioning names like AmigaOS, BeOS, and NeXTSTEP.

Key operating systems in the catalog include:

1. UXN - Created by 100 Rabbits, this personal computing stack emphasizes a radical vision for software.
2. Playbit - Aimed at reinventing the computer stack by Rasmus Andersson and his team.
3. Folk.computer - A research project focused on physical computing interfaces, inspired by Bret Victor's Dynamicland.
4. Nette.io - A web-focused research operating system by Pawel Ceranka.
5. Interim - A minimal operating system built using the Lisp programming language.
6. Mezzano - An operating system written in CommonLisp.
7. ChrysaLisp - A multi-threaded operating system with various advanced features, including a GUI and a Lisp interpreter.
8. RayvnOS and RedoxOS - Additional innovative operating systems.
9. DesktopNeo - A new approach to desktop interfaces by Lennart Ziburski.
10. MercuryOS - Rethinks operating systems based on intentions, developed by Jason Yuan.
11. Freeze.app - Allows users to freeze and unfreeze the desktop interface.
12. WormOS - Conceptualizes partitioned spaces for achieving tasks.

Other operating systems mentioned include Bedrock.computer and various lists such as AwesomeOS. This catalogue serves to celebrate and document the ongoing creativity in operating system development.