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Summary of "My Ultimate Self-hosting Setup"

Matthew Booe shares his journey in creating a self-hosting setup that balances control, security, and usability. After experimenting with various methods like Docker and Ansible without finding a perfect solution, he decided to settle for a "good enough" approach. He focused on the following key goals:

1. Control Over Data: He aims to maintain privacy and prevent dependency on third-party services.
2. Security: Keeping services off the public internet and minimizing risks from misconfigurations.
3. Usability: Making the setup user-friendly for family and friends, ideally using Single Sign-On (SSO) for easy access.
4. Declarative Configuration: Using a version-controlled setup for easy management and understanding.
5. Ease of Updates: Ensuring that updates are straightforward to encourage regular maintenance.

Core Technologies:

• NixOS: A powerful Linux distribution for easy service configuration.
• ZFS: A file system for data protection and efficient snapshots.
• Tailscale: A mesh VPN for secure device connections without exposing services.
• Authelia & LLDAP: Tools for authentication and user management.

Setup Overview:

• Public Server: Hosts essential services like authentication and a blog.
• Private Server: Manages VMs and data storage with a focus on organization.
• Dedicated Appliances: Certain services, like Home Assistant and a Matrix server, are run on dedicated devices to ensure stability.

Challenges Addressed:

• Created a "start page" for easy service access for users.
• Managed VPN compatibility issues by using exit nodes for secure traffic routing.
• Implemented best practices for authentication and DNS configurations.

Next Steps: Matthew plans to enhance his setup with dedicated backup solutions, improve security measures, explore additional services, and refine existing configurations.

Overall, his experience emphasizes practical solutions over perfection, aiming for a reliable and user-friendly self-hosting environment.

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Eight babies in the UK have been successfully born using a technique that combines DNA from three people to prevent mitochondrial disease, a serious condition passed from mother to child. This method involves using the egg and sperm from the parents and a donor egg, and has been legal in the UK for a decade.

Mitochondrial disease can cause severe health issues and often leads to infant death. The new technique allows children to inherit most of their DNA from their parents while receiving a small amount (0.1%) from the donor, providing them with healthy mitochondria.

The first results show that these babies are free from mitochondrial disease and are developing normally. Although some have experienced minor health issues, they are not linked to defective mitochondria. Researchers are optimistic about the potential of this method, which could help families with a history of mitochondrial disease.

The UK is the first country to legally allow this procedure, following extensive research and legislation. Parents who have undergone the process express deep gratitude for the hope and joy it has brought them.

Summary of Why Your Website Should Be Under 14kB in Size

Having a website under 14kB can significantly improve loading speed. A page of this size can load about 612 milliseconds faster than a 15kB page due to the TCP slow start algorithm.

What is TCP?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a method for sending data over the internet reliably. It ensures that all parts of a web page are received correctly by using acknowledgments (ACKs) between the server and the browser.

What is TCP Slow Start?
When a browser connects to a server, the server doesn’t know how much data can be sent at once. It starts by sending a small number of packets (usually 10). If these are received successfully (ACK), it sends more, doubling the amount each time until packets are lost.

Why 14kB?
Most servers can send about 10 TCP packets, with each packet being around 1460 bytes, totaling about 14kB. Keeping your website under this limit allows faster loading times for visitors, minimizing delays caused by latency (the time it takes for data to travel).

Example of Latency:
For satellite internet, a request can take about 612ms for a round trip, which can increase significantly if using HTTPS. For land-based connections, latency can range from 300ms to over 1000ms, depending on the network conditions.

Tips for Keeping Your Website Under 14kB:

• Aim for each page to fit within 14kB, including compressed data.
• Focus on loading only essential elements first (e.g., critical CSS and key content).
• Remove unnecessary features like auto-playing videos and tracking scripts.

Important Notes:
The 14kB guideline is flexible; some servers may start with more packets, and newer protocols like HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 still utilize similar principles. Always strive to deliver a fast and efficient user experience by minimizing website size.

In a recent blog post, John Graham-Cumming discusses upgrading his classic Casio F-91W watch using a new "Pro" version of an alternative motherboard from Oddly Specific Objects. This upgrade includes an accelerometer and a custom LCD display, allowing for more complex text. The process of upgrading is now easier because it requires no soldering.

To modify the watch, users can simply replace the internal parts with those from the upgrade kit, which includes a small piece of metal for the battery connection. He also customized the firmware to remove features he doesn't want and added new screen options. The blog provides a detailed command sequence for building and uploading the new firmware to the watch. An emulator is available to see how the watch functions on a computer.

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We are seeking a software engineer to enhance interactions and automations with our new technologies at Piramidal. We value engineers who are proactive and focused on key details like data models and security to create excellent products.

In this role, you will:

• Build and maintain the backend systems for our platform that focuses on neural data.
• Work closely with machine learning engineers to improve our models.
• Collaborate with the product team to understand user needs and provide effective solutions.

Ideal candidates will have:

• Over 5 years of experience in engineering at product-driven companies.
• Strong skills in Python and other backend languages.
• Experience with containerization and orchestration tools like Kubernetes.
• Knowledge of relational databases such as Postgres or MySQL.
• Familiarity with web technologies like JavaScript and React.
• The ability to work quickly and independently.

About Us: We are developing a unique foundation model for brain data to help people understand and control neural functions. Our mission is to use technology to enhance human potential while supporting cognitive liberty, which includes the right to mental privacy and self-determination.

Summary: Advertising Without Signal: The Rise of the Grifter Equilibrium

The text discusses how changes in advertising due to the internet have affected the quality of products and the way sellers promote them. Traditionally, advertising served two main purposes: providing information to reduce search costs and signaling quality, where reputable sellers invest in ads expecting to gain from future sales. However, the internet has disrupted these roles.

Key points include:

1. Instant Search: Online shopping allows consumers to find products quickly, making the informative role of ads less important.

2. Weakening Quality Signals: With new advertising models (like cost-per-acquisition), even low-quality sellers can afford ads from initial sales, making it harder for consumers to identify quality.

3. Frictions in the Market:

   • Disposable Brands: Sellers can easily create new brands without facing long-term repercussions for poor quality.
   • Light Returns: Easy return policies reduce penalties for sellers, allowing mediocre products to stay on the market.
   • Compressed Ratings: Product ratings cluster closely together, making it difficult for consumers to differentiate between quality levels.
   • Heuristic Shopping: Without reliable quality signals, buyers often rely on price as an indicator of quality.

4. Grifter Equilibrium: This term describes a market where low-quality sellers thrive due to the factors above, creating a cycle that keeps mediocre products available.

5. Potential Solutions: To restore quality signaling, the text suggests measures like persistent manufacturer IDs, adjusted CPA rates based on returns, escrowed advertising bonds, and better detection of relaunches.

6. Marketplace Resilience: Despite issues, the market doesn't collapse because:

   • Consumers can return poor products easily, mitigating their risks.
   • Low production costs allow low-quality sellers to remain profitable.
   • Demand for inexpensive, low-stakes items leads consumers to accept some quality uncertainty.

Overall, the shift to online advertising and the resulting market dynamics have led to challenges in distinguishing product quality, creating a "grifter equilibrium" where low-quality products can thrive.

No summary available.

Summary of "Asynchrony is not Concurrency" by Loris Cro

In this blog post, Loris Cro explains the important distinction between asynchrony, concurrency, and parallelism in programming, particularly in the context of the Zig programming language.

1. Definitions:

   • Asynchrony: Tasks can run out of order and still be correct.
   • Concurrency: A system can make progress on multiple tasks at a time, either through parallel execution or task switching.
   • Parallelism: Multiple tasks are executed simultaneously at a physical level.

2. Examples:

   • Saving two files can be done in any order (asynchrony), while a TCP server must accept connections concurrently with a client trying to connect (concurrency).

3. Importance of Understanding:

   • Misunderstanding these concepts has led to issues in software development, such as unnecessary code duplication and complications in library usage.
   • Proper understanding allows developers to write code that combines synchronous and asynchronous tasks without issues.

4. Zig’s Approach:

   • In Zig, using io.async does not imply concurrency; it can run in a single-threaded blocking mode.
   • This flexibility allows both synchronous and asynchronous code to coexist without requiring users to abandon traditional coding practices.

5. Conclusion:

   • A clearer understanding of asynchrony versus concurrency can lead to better software design and eliminate many current challenges in async programming.
   • Cro encourages readers to explore the upcoming async I/O redesign in Zig, showcasing its potential benefits.

Overall, the post emphasizes the need for precise terminology in programming to improve efficiency and clarity in code development.

No summary available.

YouTube No Translation Extension

• Purpose: This Firefox extension keeps YouTube titles, descriptions, and audio tracks in their original language, preventing automatic translations.

• Features:

  • Retains video titles in the original language.
  • Uses the original audio track, including for shorts.
  • Prevents translations of video descriptions.
  • Displays only real subtitles in the chosen language, ignoring auto-generated ones.

• Availability:

  • Free to use; optional contributions are welcome on KO-FI.
  • Also available for Chrome users.

• Requirements:

  • Must use Firefox (not compatible with Firefox for Android or mobile YouTube).

• User Stats:

  • Over 12,900 users with an average rating of 4.9 out of 5 from 102 reviews.

• Support: Users can report issues or request features on GitHub.

This extension aims to enhance the viewing experience by maintaining the original content language on YouTube.

No summary available.

Summary of "Zig Interface Revisited"

In this article, William Wong discusses how to achieve polymorphism in the Zig programming language, which does not have built-in interfaces. Instead, it offers alternative methods to create interface-like behavior, allowing for dynamic dispatch.

Key Points:

1. Polymorphism Options in Zig:

   • Generics and comptime dispatch for static polymorphism.
   • Tagged unions for known types.
   • VTable interfaces for dynamic dispatch across different implementations.

2. Focus on VTable Interfaces: The article emphasizes a specific pattern for implementing vtable interfaces, which allows for flexibility and reusability without altering the implementation types.

3. Goals of the VTable Interface Pattern:

   • Clear separation between interface and implementation.
   • No changes needed in implementation types.
   • Full dynamic dispatch using function pointers.
   • Uniform typing for all interface instances, enabling them to be stored in arrays or maps.

4. Example Use Case - Loggers:

   • Two types of loggers are created: a console logger (DbgLogger) and a file logger (FileLogger).
   • Both loggers implement a common interface with methods log() and setLevel().

5. Building the VTable Interface:

   • The article provides a structured Logger interface that links implementations to method pointers.
   • It ensures implementations can be used interchangeably without knowing about the interface itself.

6. Advantages and Trade-offs:

   • Advantages include a clean separation of concerns, extensibility, and uniformity in type handling.
   • Trade-offs include the need for manual vtable method definitions and some performance overhead due to function pointers.

In conclusion, while Zig lacks native interfaces, the author presents a method to create them, allowing for efficient and flexible code design in the Zig programming style.

The text discusses a new finding related to the Ramsey number, specifically r(ℓ, Cℓ), for large values of ℓ and a constant C greater than 1. It shows that there is a positive value, ε, that allows us to establish a lower bound for the Ramsey number. The new result indicates that r(ℓ, Cℓ) is at least ((p_C^{-1/2} + ε)^\ell), where p_C is determined by a specific mathematical relationship. This new finding represents the first significant improvement over the previous lower bound established by Erdős in 1947.

Hewlett Packard (HP) is working on a new initiative to give old laptops a second life, similar to how CarFax helps people understand the history of used cars. Key team members include Abu Baker, Sal Vasi, Barbara Spitzer, and John Hong, who have extensive experience in HP’s various departments. The project aims to address issues like electronic waste (e-waste) and the environmental impact of old devices. By revitalizing used PCs, HP hopes to reduce e-waste and improve power consumption in electronics.

Debcraft – Simplifying Debian Package Development

Debian packaging can be challenging, causing many new and experienced contributors to struggle or lose interest. Debcraft aims to address this by automating tedious tasks and making it easier to learn proper packaging practices.

Key Features of Debcraft:

1. Declarative Packaging: Unlike other package formats, Debian uses multiple files for packaging, making it more robust but also complex. Debcraft simplifies this by providing clear commands and tools.
2. Container Support: Debcraft allows users to build packages in Linux containers (like Docker), which means developers don’t need to run Debian directly. This enhances accessibility for users on different systems, including Windows and Mac.
3. Easy Commands: Users can easily build, test, and update packages with simple commands, such as debcraft build and debcraft test, which provide helpful output and documentation links.
4. Automatic Improvements: The debcraft improve command helps fix common issues automatically, streamlining maintenance tasks.
5. Installation: Debcraft can be installed on Debian and Ubuntu using apt or from the source for other distributions.

Debcraft is still being developed, and contributions are welcome. It aims to make Debian packaging more user-friendly and efficient, encouraging more developers to participate in the Debian community.

The text discusses a recent update to the Bun package manager that introduces a new feature called "nodeLinker": "isolated". This feature allows for a more organized installation of packages by creating an isolated structure within the node_modules/.bun/ directory. Key points include:

• Isolated Installation: This mode prevents phantom dependencies and enables parallel installation of packages.
• Configuration: Users can define this feature in their package.json file under workspaces.nodeLinker: "isolated".
• Directory Structure: Packages are symlinked from node_modules/<package> to their actual locations in the .bun directory.
• Support: It handles scoped packages, peer dependencies, and supports workspaces.
• Testing: The implementation has been verified through various tests, including single and cyclic dependencies.

Overall, this update aims to improve package management in Bun, especially for projects using multiple packages or workspaces.

Summary of MR Browser

MR Browser is a utility application designed for older Macintosh computers from the 1990s that can connect to the internet but can’t run modern web browsers. It allows these older Macs to access the Macintosh Repository, enabling users to download files directly. The app currently supports files smaller than 1GB and is intended for use with System 7 environments.

Key Features:

• Compatibility: Works on 68K Macs that support TCP/IP, specifically System 6.0.7 to Mac OS 9.2.2.
• Functionality: Users can browse and download files, with a focus on ease of use for older systems.
• Chat Feature: Includes a real-time chat function, allowing users to communicate while using the app.
• Memory Requirements: The app requires a minimum of 1.6MB of RAM, with recommendations for more if using chat features.

Troubleshooting Tips:

• Ensure there is enough free hard drive space to avoid crashes when downloading.
• Users may need to manually allocate more RAM on older systems to improve performance.

Recent Updates: The app has received numerous updates, improving functionality, fixing bugs, and enhancing user experience. The latest version addresses various performance issues and adds new features for better usability.

Overall, MR Browser is a niche tool for retro computing enthusiasts, enabling older Macs to effectively access online resources.

The Austrian Student Union (ÖH) elections in 2023 are important events for students. These elections allow students to choose representatives who will advocate for their interests at universities. Key points include the election date, voting procedures, and how students can participate. It's essential for students to be informed about the candidates and their platforms to make educated choices.

Summary of Upcoming Changes to Bitnami Catalog (Effective August 28, 2025)

Starting on August 28, 2025, the Bitnami public catalog will have significant changes:

1. Community Catalog:

   • Image generation for Debian-based images will be disabled, and existing ones will move to the Bitnami Legacy repository.
   • Only hardened and secure images will be available for free, limited to the “latest” tag.
   • Open-source Helm charts and container images will still be available on GitHub.

2. Bitnami Secure Images:

   • Production-ready containers and Helm charts will shift to the Bitnami Secure Images offering, providing:
     • A secure operating system with continuous security updates.
     • Transparency with industry-standard security practices.
     • Enterprise support and long-term support branches.
     • Access to over 280 applications.

3. Legacy Repository Migration:

   • Older container images will be moved to the Bitnami Legacy repository, which will not receive updates or support.
   • Users experiencing issues pulling images must either subscribe to Bitnami Secure Images or update their Helm charts to pull from the Legacy repository as a temporary fix.

Timeline:

• Now to August 28, 2025: Users will see notices in documentation and should plan for migration.
• August 28, 2025: The public catalog will switch to a limited community tier, and legacy assets will be archived.
• Post-August 28, 2025: Community users will only access the latest tags, while production users should use Bitnami Secure Images for continued support.

For further details, users can visit the Bitnami Secure Images website.

The text discusses the author's efforts to record and analyze 5G NR signals in the n78 band (3.3 – 3.8 GHz TDD), which is widely used for 5G in Europe, particularly in Spain. The author has previously analyzed simpler recordings and aims to create more complex datasets. The n78 band offers large bandwidth and is expected to showcase advanced 5G features.

The author notes that recording in the n78 band is more challenging due to its wide bandwidth (100 MHz) compared to traditional LTE bands. They plan to collaborate with researchers at the University of Murcia, who have access to high-end recording equipment. Initially, they faced issues with a USRP X410 due to interference from nearby signals, leading them to switch to a USRP N310 for better performance.

After overcoming various technical hurdles, including issues with data recording speeds and software limitations, the author successfully recorded datasets from three different 5G cells operated by Movistar, Orange, and Vodafone. Each dataset was formatted for analysis, and preliminary observations indicate varying levels of signal utilization and different transmission patterns across the three networks.

The datasets have been published for further analysis in future posts.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Zig's New Writer Update

Zig is updating its Io namespace, which will eventually bring back async features. A key change in this update is the revamp of the Writer and Reader interfaces. This summary is based on a development release from July 2025 and does not apply to earlier versions of Zig.

Key Changes:

1. New Writer Interface: The new Writer interface is called std.Io.Writer. It now requires implementations to include a drain function instead of a simpler write method. This drain function handles arrays of strings and includes a parameter called "splat".

2. Buffering: The new Writer includes built-in buffering. When creating a Writer for a file, you need to provide a buffer. If no buffering is desired, you can pass an empty buffer.

3. Implementation of Drain: The simplest way to implement the drain function is to ignore the "splat" parameter and write the first string in the data array. This allows the Writer to manage how much data is written and call drain again if necessary.

4. File Writer: When you create a file writer, you get a File.Writer, not a std.Io.Writer. You access the actual std.Io.Writer through an interface field.

5. Migration: Some existing methods have been replaced by the new Writer functionality. For example, std.fmt.formatIntBuf is replaced by the printInt method of the Writer. Functions that previously worked on buffers will now require a Writer instance.

6. Adaptation for Legacy Writers: Writers need to be able to upgrade to the new interface through an adaptToNewApi method, which returns a new interface for compatibility with the updated system.

Conclusion:

The update to Zig's Writer interface is seen as an improvement, but the decision to include buffering within the Writer itself is debated. Many programming languages handle buffering through separate components, which some believe is a more intuitive approach. The changes are still evolving, and future updates may address these concerns more comprehensively.

Summary:

The text discusses a project involving the recovery of data from Nintendo's GameCube and Wii U factory Memory Cards and the discovery of a new exploit for the Wii U called "paid the beak."

1. Data Recovery: The author, DeadlyFoez, worked with a team to recover data from damaged Memory Cards that Nintendo had attempted to destroy. They managed to recover data from about 75% of the cards through various techniques, including soldering and using clips to access the NAND flash memory.

2. Wii U Exploit: The main focus is on the SDBoot1 exploit, discovered by developer Rairii, which takes advantage of a vulnerability to run custom code at boot. This exploit allows for recovery from most types of software failures in the Wii U.

3. Factory Jig: To trigger the exploit, a special factory jig is required, which connects to the Wii U's motherboard. The team also developed methods to replicate this jig using Raspberry Pi Pico and PICAXE microcontrollers, allowing more people to access the exploit without needing to open the console.

4. Collaboration: The project was a collaborative effort, with contributions from various individuals who provided support, coding, and hardware.

5. Future Developments: The author anticipates that this exploit will lead to more accessible solutions, including potentially 3D-printed jigs for easy use.

Overall, the project highlights teamwork, technical challenges, and the excitement of uncovering new possibilities for the Wii U system.

Summary of "When to Make LODs" by Jason Booth

In modern rendering, the traditional focus on "poly counts" (the number of polygons in a model) is outdated and misleading. The real cost of rendering is more related to the number of pixels rather than polygons or vertices. Many artists create multiple Levels of Detail (LODs) for models, which can lead to problems like "popping" effects, memory waste, and increased workload without improving visual quality.

Instead, the focus should be on reducing "MicroTriangles," which are small triangles that can significantly slow down rendering because they require the GPU to compute more pixels than necessary. When triangles become smaller than about 10x10 pixels, rendering costs can increase dramatically.

Artists should look for models that are almost solid in wireframe view and switch to a lower LOD when that happens. In many cases, using a single LOD with an imposter (a simple 2D representation) for distance can be more efficient.

Emerging technologies like Epic's Nanite improve this process by using a continuous LOD system that optimizes rendering, focusing on larger triangles and reducing the computational burden of small triangles. As technology advances, the best practices for creating LODs will continue to evolve.

On July 18, 2025, Italo Vignoli discussed the issue of overly complex XML schemas in document formats, particularly criticizing Microsoft 365. He argues that document formats should be simple and accessible, but some schemas are purposefully complicated to lock users into a specific vendor.

An XML schema defines the structure and rules for XML documents, aiming for interoperability. However, when made excessively complex, it becomes a barrier for users. Vignoli describes this complexity as "artificial," with convoluted tag structures and confusing documentation, which can make simple content hard to access.

He compares this to a railway system where the tracks are open to all, but the complicated control system is only understood by one manufacturer, effectively trapping users. This scenario mirrors the current tech landscape, where Microsoft is pushing users to switch to Windows 11 without a valid reason, leveraging their complex system to retain customers.

Vignoli urges developers and users to prioritize simplicity and clarity in XML systems to avoid being trapped by complexity.

ccusage Summary

ccusage is a tool that helps you analyze your Claude Code token usage and costs using local JSONL files. It is known for its speed and small size, allowing you to run it without installation.

Installation Options:

• Quick Start:
  • Use bunx for fast execution: bunx ccusage
  • Use npx: npx ccusage@latest
  • Use deno with security flags for added safety.
• Local Installation: Optional, can be installed with npm install -g ccusage.

Usage Commands:

• Basic Reports:

  • ccusage: Shows a daily report (default).
  • ccusage daily: Daily token usage and costs.
  • ccusage monthly: Monthly aggregated report.
  • ccusage session: Usage by conversation session.
  • ccusage blocks: Usage within 5-hour billing windows.

• Live Monitoring:

  • ccusage blocks --live: Real-time usage dashboard.

• Filters and Options:

  • Use date filters with --since and --until.
  • Output data in JSON format with --json.
  • Break down costs by model with --breakdown.

Key Features:

• Daily and monthly token usage reports.
• Live monitoring of active sessions and costs.
• Support for filtering by project and date.
• Beautifully formatted output for easy reading.
• JSON export for structured data.
• Offline mode for using cached data.
• Multi-instance support for project grouping.

For detailed documentation, visit ccusage.com.

The construction of the LISA mission, a space-based gravitational wave detector led by Europe, has begun. This detector is set to launch in 2035 and will focus on studying small ripples in spacetime caused by distant black holes.

Summary:

Matrix multiplication is crucial for modern computing, especially in artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks. NVIDIA has significantly improved its speed through specialized hardware called Tensor Cores, which enhance performance for AI tasks.

However, existing matrix multiplication kernels, like those from NVIDIA, are often precompiled and lack flexibility for custom needs. As data movement becomes the main bottleneck in performance, optimizing this process is essential. This can be achieved by combining multiple operations into a single kernel, which is why NVIDIA developed CUTLASS, a tool for creating tailored matrix multiplication kernels, though it is complex and limited to NVIDIA GPUs.

In response, the authors created CubeCL, a more flexible platform that generates optimized kernels for various GPUs and CPUs. CubeCL employs a multi-level architecture for matrix multiplication, allowing for configurable algorithms based on input shapes. This flexibility is important as different input dimensions require different strategies for optimal performance.

The architecture consists of four levels of abstraction:

1. Tile Matmul: Directly interacts with hardware for fundamental operations.
2. Stage Matmul: Manages shared memory for local computations.
3. Global Matmul: Accumulates results from several Stage Matmuls.
4. Batch Matmul: Orchestrates multiple Global Matmuls across computations.

The design allows efficient data handling and computation, using techniques like double buffering to reduce memory access stalls. The authors also explore various algorithms for matrix multiplication, focusing on maximizing performance across different hardware configurations.

Benchmarks show the performance of different algorithms on various GPUs, indicating that while some algorithms perform exceptionally well on specific hardware, further optimization is needed for broader applicability across different platforms.

In conclusion, while the authors have made strides in optimizing matrix multiplication, the quest for universal performance improvements continues, inviting community contributions for better configurations.

No summary available.

OrioleDB is a new extension for PostgreSQL that replaces the default Heap storage engine. It aims to fix scalability issues in PostgreSQL and improve performance on modern multi-core CPUs and high-speed storage.

The latest release is nearing its official launch and includes several new features:

• An index bridge for compatibility with existing Heap indexes.
• The ability to rewind recent database changes.
• Support for tablespaces and fillfactor.
• A function to track space usage.
• Support for tables with more than 32 columns.

OrioleDB shows significant performance improvements in benchmarks compared to the Heap and other PostgreSQL options.

Users can easily test OrioleDB using a provided Docker image. For more details, you can read the full release here.

No summary available.

The article discusses the history of New World Computing and its game franchises, particularly focusing on the success of "Heroes of Might and Magic III" (Heroes III) and "Might and Magic VII."

Key points include:

1. Jon Van Caneghem's Shift in Passion: After selling New World Computing to 3DO, Van Caneghem became less involved in game design, focusing more on racing cars than game development, which contributed to the company's eventual decline.

2. Success of Heroes III: Released in 1999, Heroes III became New World’s best-selling game, benefiting from a solid design evolution from its predecessors, while incorporating fan feedback. The game featured improved graphics, new factions, and a more extensive magic system.

3. Game Development Team: David Mullich and Greg Fulton led the development of Heroes III, balancing innovation and maintaining the core gameplay that fans loved.

4. Evolving Game Design: Heroes III emphasized smart, evolutionary changes rather than radical overhauls, ensuring that it was familiar to fans of the previous games.

5. Cultural Impact: The game gained immense popularity, especially in Russia, partly due to its lower system requirements and engaging gameplay. It became a staple in e-sports leagues in that region.

6. Might and Magic VII: Released shortly after Heroes III, this game continued the franchise’s tradition of providing expansive, whimsical worlds to explore, while integrating player choices into the narrative.

7. Legacy: Both games received critical acclaim and have remained beloved by fans, with Heroes III often regarded as a definitive entry in the strategy genre.

Overall, the article illustrates the highs of New World Computing during the late 1990s, highlighting the successful design and cultural significance of their games.

The creators of marimo, an open-source Python notebook, have launched a new cloud-hosted service called molab. This decision was made after users requested marimo support in Google Colab. Molab offers features such as:

• Persistent storage
• Link sharing for notebooks
• Downloading notebooks as Python scripts
• Local notebook uploads via a command-line interface (coming soon)
• Real-time collaboration (coming soon)
• Configurable computational resources (coming soon)

Molab is built using modern technology, ensuring fast package installation and persistent storage. It is free to use with reasonable limits and aims to support the marimo community. Users can try molab at molab.marimo.io and provide feedback through Discord or other channels.

For more information, you can visit their announcement blog at marimo.io.

Here's a simplified summary of the text:

1. Updates on Renovations: The author discusses the ongoing renovations at the Federal Reserve, highlighting the mixed reactions from government officials. Former President Trump expressed surprise over the renovation costs, calling Fed Chair Powell "boring."

2. AI Spending Surge: There is a significant increase in spending on AI data centers, with Chinese President Xi Jinping warning about the risks of excessive investment. In the U.S., this spending could account for around 2% of GDP by 2025, indicating a potential growth boost.

3. Sources of Capital: The funding for these AI projects comes from various sources, including internal cash flows from tech giants, debt issuance, and venture capital. This shift in investment is leading to reduced funding for other sectors.

4. Economic Impact: The rise in AI spending is acting like a private sector stimulus, helping to mask underlying economic weaknesses. Without this investment, the economy could have contracted more significantly.

5. Consequences: While AI spending is booming, it is diverting funds from other important infrastructure, leading to job losses in sectors that are struggling to attract investment.

6. Miscellaneous Notes: The author briefly touches on various unrelated topics, including financial decisions by the University of California, health concerns related to erythritol, and technological advancements in construction and robotics.

Overall, the text emphasizes the significant economic implications of rising AI investments while highlighting challenges and changes in funding dynamics across different sectors.

No summary available.

The article discusses how to implement immutable logging in OpenBSD to meet ISO 27001 compliance, which requires protection against log tampering. Here are the key points:

1. ISO 27001 Compliance: The standard emphasizes the need for logs to be secure and untampered, although it doesn’t specify how to achieve this. Strong log protection is crucial because compromised logs can hinder security investigations.

2. OpenBSD's Logging System: OpenBSD has a straightforward logging configuration that automatically rotates logs. However, this automatic process can create opportunities for attackers to modify logs if they gain root access.

3. Using chflags for Immutability: OpenBSD provides the chflags command to set file attributes like append-only and immutable. These prevent logs from being altered or deleted, enhancing their integrity.

4. Implementation Steps:

   • Disable the automatic log rotation to keep logs intact.
   • Create a dedicated directory for archived logs and set them as immutable.
   • Set active log files to append-only to allow data growth while preventing modifications.
   • Create a script to manage log flags during system boot, ensuring logs remain secure.

5. Conclusion: By using OpenBSD's built-in features, one can achieve robust log protection that meets ISO 27001 requirements, ensuring that logs remain trustworthy and tamper-proof.

This setup provides a simple yet effective way to maintain log integrity without needing additional software.

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The text discusses the evaluation of advanced language models (LLMs) in solving problems from the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2025 through a new benchmarking system called MathArena. The focus is on assessing whether these models can achieve medal-level performance: bronze (top 50%), silver (top 25%), or gold (top 8%). The top-performing model, Gemini 2.5 Pro, scored 31%, which is below the 19 points needed for a bronze medal. Other models, like Grok-4 and DeepSeek-R1, performed poorly compared to past benchmarks.

The methodology involved four human judges grading model responses, ensuring no contamination from prior knowledge of problems. Each model generated multiple responses, and a "best-of-n" selection method was used to improve accuracy by filtering out weaker answers. Despite the high costs of generating these responses, the results show that significant improvements are still needed for models to meet medal standards.

Qualitative observations highlighted issues such as Grok-4's lack of detailed explanations and Gemini 2.5 Pro's tendency to falsely cite theorems. Overall, while models showed some progress in generating coherent answers, they still struggle with logical reasoning and proof generation.

OpenAI recently announced a gold medal achievement with an unreleased model, indicating rapid advancements in the field. The community is encouraged to analyze the results further on the MathArena website.

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Summary of "How I Keep Up with AI Progress (and Why You Must Too)" by Atharva Raykar

Generative AI is rapidly evolving but often misunderstood. Many people either underestimate its potential or overestimate what it can do, leading to negative consequences. To navigate the complex information landscape, it's essential to rely on credible sources.

Key Points:

1. Common Misunderstandings: People often think AI is either just hype or that it will replace programmers.

2. Information Sources: Atharva Raykar provides a curated list of reliable sources to understand AI better, including:

   • Blogs and Individuals: Simon Willison, Andrej Karpathy, and Dan Shipper are recommended for their insights into AI capabilities and practical applications.
   • Official Announcements: Follow AI labs like OpenAI and Google DeepMind for accurate updates.
   • Notable Figures: Individuals like Hamel Husain and Shreya Shankar offer valuable commentary and analysis on AI development.
   • News and Media: Twitter (now X) is highlighted as a key platform for AI discussions, with curated news from Shawn Wang's site.

3. General Guidelines:

   • Stick to primary sources for the most reliable information.
   • Follow trusted individuals for insightful commentary.

4. Engagement with AI: Raykar enjoys exploring AI developments and encourages others to find joy in learning about these technologies.

Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of staying informed and understanding AI's complexities to avoid misinformation and harness its potential effectively.

Summary of Benben

Benben is a command line audio player and converter designed for Linux and other Unix-like systems. It has an old-school interface and is ideal for users who organize music in folders and prefer using terminals. The software supports various audio formats, including MP3, FLAC, and Ogg Vorbis, and is mainly written in Common Lisp since version 0.7.0.

The latest version, 0.6.1, was released on December 22, 2024. Benben is a solo project maintained by Remilia Scarlet, who welcomes support through platforms like Ko-Fi and Liberapay.

Key features of Benben include:

• High-performance audio playback.
• Support for multiple formats and file types.
• Customizable audio effects.
• Command line usage, with examples provided for playing and converting files.

Development is ongoing, with a complete rewrite in Common Lisp planned for version 0.7.0. Users can contribute by cloning the project repository and submitting changes.

Benben is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3. For more information, visit Remilia's homepage or contact her directly.

Summary of Paper 2025/1237

This paper by Peter Gutmann and Stephan Neuhaus discusses how they successfully replicated and even surpassed existing quantum factorization records using three unconventional methods: an 8-bit VIC-20 home computer from 1981, an abacus, and a dog. The authors aim to encourage future research to continue matching or breaking any new quantum factorization records that may emerge.

Minor revisions were made to correct a few errors and clarify certain terms. The paper is available in PDF format and falls under the category of attacks and cryptanalysis.

For more information, you can access the paper here.

The text explains that the website uses a system called Anubis to protect against bots that scrape content. This system requires users to complete a task (Proof-of-Work) to access the site, which helps deter mass scraping. Anubis is intended to be a temporary solution while the developers work on better ways to identify automated browsers. Users need to enable modern JavaScript features to get past the protection, and disabling plugins that block JavaScript is necessary. The website is running Anubis version 1.20.0.

Gary Kildall, the creator of CP/M, has released his memoirs as a free download. His story highlights his significant contributions to the start-up culture, as noted by his children. The memoirs provide insight into his life and work in technology.

Summary: Making a StringBuffer in C

In this text, the author shares their experience with programming in C, expressing both frustration and enjoyment with the language. They appreciate the efforts of other developers who have mastered C, highlighting its complexity.

The main focus is on a custom implementation of a StringBuffer in C, which is a dynamic string handling structure. Key features of the StringBuffer include:

• Structure Definition: It includes properties for the current size, total capacity, and pointer to the character data.
• Initialization and Cleanup: Functions to create, free, and clear the StringBuffer.
• String Operations: Methods to append, prepend, remove, and replace text, as well as to find and split strings within the buffer.
• Search Functionality: Functions to find specific text within the buffer and return positions of matches.

The implementation is accompanied by tests to verify the functionality, ensuring that operations on the StringBuffer work as intended.

Overall, the author shares a sense of accomplishment despite the challenges, likening programming in C to using a scythe for mowing grass—it's rewarding but can be exhausting.

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I will be available for the rest of the day to discuss immigration topics. Please share your concerns, but remember that I can't give legal advice on specific cases due to a lack of information. Let's keep our discussion factual. You can also check previous discussions at the provided link.

Summary: Supply Chain Security Alert on eslint-config-prettier Package

A potential security issue has been identified with the widely-used eslint-config-prettier npm package, which helps developers format code consistently. Some versions of this package were published with suspicious changes, leading to an investigation.

Key Points:

1. Incident Discovery: Multiple modified versions of eslint-config-prettier were found published without any corresponding code changes in the repository.

2. Phishing Attack Confirmation: On July 18, 2025, the maintainer, JounQin, confirmed he was a victim of a phishing attack. The attacker added a malicious npm token, allowing them to publish compromised versions.

3. Compromised Versions: Versions affected include:

   • eslint-config-prettier: 8.10.19, 10.1.6, 10.1.7, etc.
   • Other related packages were also impacted.

4. Security Recommendations:

   • Pin dependencies to safer versions.
   • Review recent updates to check for potentially vulnerable versions.
   • Audit CI/CD pipelines for unusual activities.

5. Ongoing Investigation: Efforts are underway to determine the extent of the modifications and understand how this breach occurred. Updates will be provided as more information becomes available.

For more details, follow the ongoing discussion on GitHub.

The article discusses Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a groundbreaking technique that allows computations on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it. This means users can keep their data private while still receiving useful results from services like Google.

Key points include:

1. What is FHE? - It enables operations on encrypted data to produce results that, when decrypted, are the same as if they were computed on unencrypted data.

2. Current Challenges - While FHE offers full data privacy, it is not widely used due to its slow performance. Currently, computations can be 1,000 to 10,000 times slower than with plaintext.

3. Improvements - FHE algorithms are improving rapidly, becoming 8 times faster each year. This progress could soon make FHE practical for applications like cloud computing and secure smart contracts.

4. The Security Problem - Data is vulnerable when it is in use, meaning once it is loaded into memory for processing, it can be accessed by unauthorized users. FHE addresses this by keeping data encrypted throughout its entire lifecycle.

5. Future Implications - If FHE continues to advance, it could transform the internet into a more private space, where user data is always encrypted, shifting the current model of data collection and surveillance to one of privacy.

In summary, FHE has the potential to revolutionize data privacy online, but ongoing improvements in speed and efficiency are necessary for it to become the standard practice.

The USB-C PD cable is 1.5 meters long and works with any device that has a USB-C charging port. It is compatible with all Teufel products that use a USB-C connector. The price is €14.99.

Summary: Cats as Horror Movie Villains

The fascination people have with cats may stem from an evolutionary perspective. Unlike dogs, which are often viewed as loyal companions, cats have a complex relationship with humans because they were historically predators of our ancestors. This duality makes them both intriguing and somewhat horrifying, similar to villains in horror movies.

1. Universal Fascination: Cats attract attention due to their unique behaviors and unpredictability. People are drawn to their actions, which can be both charming and chaotic.

2. Cat vs. Dog Popularity: Despite dogs being more popular overall, cats hold a special place in human fascination. They are often portrayed as mysterious and chaotic, which adds to their allure.

3. Evolutionary Background: Cats have been predators of primates for millions of years. This historical threat may explain why humans are instinctively alert to their presence and behaviors.

4. Psychological Appeal: Watching cats can be a way to safely engage with danger, similar to the thrill of horror movies. This "safe danger" is captivating and drives the desire to observe cats closely.

5. Internet Cat Culture: Cat videos resonate with viewers because they present unexpected moments of disruption, reinforcing the idea of cats as both playful and predatory.

6. Complex Nature of Cats: Cats embody a mix of domestication and wildness, making them unique companions that invoke both affection and a sense of caution.

Overall, cats are viewed through a lens of fascination that combines their predatory history with their charming domestic behaviors, making them a compelling subject for admiration and study.

In this article, Dave Rome emphasizes the importance of safety in all components of modern bicycles, not just the traditionally recognized "safety-critical" parts like handlebars and steerer tubes. He argues that every part of a bike can impact safety and urges riders, mechanics, and manufacturers to take product safety seriously.

Rome shares his concerns about the risks of DIY bike maintenance, highlighting how inexperienced individuals might overlook safety issues while trying to save money. He stresses the need for professional inspections, especially for modern bikes that use lightweight materials and complex designs, which can increase failure risks.

He discusses various components that can lead to dangerous situations, including tires, brakes, drivetrains, and even simple parts like grips and bottle cages. He warns that failures can occur even in new, high-quality parts if they are not properly maintained or installed.

Lastly, he points out that while modern bikes are generally well-tested and designed for performance, their integrated designs can make safety inspections more challenging. Overall, Rome calls for a mindset shift where all bike components are viewed as potentially safety-critical.

Summary of the HALO Effect

A new trend in the AI industry is emerging called HALO deals, which stands for "Hire and License Out." These deals allow companies to hire teams from startups (including founders and researchers) while also obtaining a non-exclusive license to the startup's intellectual property (IP). In return, the startup receives licensing fees that are distributed to its investors and employees. Unlike traditional acquisitions or acquihires, the startup continues to operate independently under new leadership.

Key points about HALO deals include:

• They are quick, expensive, and currently exclusive to AI.
• They aim to preserve the interests of both investors and employees, providing financial returns similar to acquisitions.
• HALOs are seen as a response to strict antitrust regulations that make acquisitions difficult.
• They reflect a shift in the tech industry towards valuing talent over company assets, especially in AI.

Despite their complexities and the need for clearer norms and structures, HALOs are viewed as an attempt to maintain the social contract between founders, investors, and employees in a rapidly changing environment. They demonstrate the importance of people over products or IP in the evolving tech landscape.

Overall, while HALOs currently face challenges and uncertainties, they represent a significant evolution in how companies engage with talent in the AI sector.

This article discusses the importance of foreign keys in database integrity and highlights common pitfalls, optimizations, and behaviors associated with them. Here are the main points simplified:

1. Foreign Key Constraints: They are crucial for maintaining data integrity but are more complex than other constraints like unique and primary keys.

2. Naive vs. Enhanced Implementation: A simple product catalog example is given, demonstrating an initial naive implementation of product and category models. The article then recommends enhancements for better performance and maintainability.

3. Key Improvements:

   • Use of UniqueConstraint: Instead of unique_together, use UniqueConstraint for better functionality and future-proofing.
   • Duplicate Indexes: Identifying and removing unnecessary indexes helps in optimizing the schema.
   • Migration Safety: Special care is required when migrating foreign keys to avoid locking issues and unintended constraints.

4. Handling Foreign Key Indexes: Indexes are automatically created for foreign keys, but understanding when they are necessary can improve performance, especially during deletion operations.

5. Partial Indexes: For columns with many null values, using partial indexes can save space and enhance performance.

6. Concurrent Index Operations: These operations allow modification of indexes without locking the entire table, which is important for live systems.

7. Migration Operations: The order of migration operations matters; creating indexes before dropping them can prevent downtime.

8. Locking Mechanisms: Proper locking strategies, like using select_for_update with no_key=True, can help avoid blocking other operations in a busy system.

9. Final Model: The article concludes with a refined version of the product model, incorporating all discussed improvements, making it production-ready.

10. Takeaways: Key reminders for developers include using UniqueConstraint, checking migration SQL, providing reverse migration operations, and optimizing index usage.

Overall, the article serves as a guide for effectively managing foreign keys and indexing in database models, especially for Django applications.

A study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology examined the effects of psilocybin on depression and anxiety in cancer patients facing life-threatening diagnoses. The research involved 51 participants who experienced chronic symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Key points from the study include:

1. Study Design: It was a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial where participants received either a low dose (placebo-like) or a high dose of psilocybin, separated by a 5-week interval.

2. Results: The high dose of psilocybin resulted in significant reductions in both clinician- and self-reported measures of depression and anxiety. Participants also reported improvements in quality of life, a sense of life's meaning, and optimism, while experiencing less fear of death.

3. Sustained Effects: Six months after treatment, about 80% of participants maintained significant decreases in their symptoms.

4. Participant Experience: Many participants attributed their improved mood and life satisfaction to the psilocybin experience, noting positive changes in their attitudes toward life and relationships.

5. Mystical Experience: The study found that the mystical-type experiences reported by participants during the high-dose sessions were linked to therapeutic benefits.

This study suggests psilocybin could be a promising treatment for alleviating emotional distress in cancer patients.

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Summary of Le Chat Updates and Upcoming IPOs

Le Chat has introduced several new features to improve user experience and enhance research capabilities. Key updates include:

• Deep Research (Preview): This mode allows users to get fast, structured research reports on complex topics.
• Voice Mode: Users can now interact with Le Chat using voice instead of typing, thanks to the new Voxtral model.
• Multilingual Reasoning: Le Chat can provide thoughtful answers in multiple languages, supported by the Magistral reasoning model.
• Projects: Users can organize conversations into folders for better context and management.
• Image Editing: Advanced image editing is now available directly in Le Chat.

These tools are designed to make research easier, conversations more natural, and interactions more organized.

In terms of investment opportunities, July 2025 will see several notable IPOs on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), including:

1. NIQ Global Intelligence plc: Listing on July 23, with a market cap of $6.49 billion.
2. Accelerant Holdings: Listing on July 24, specializing in insurance and risk management.
3. McGraw Hill, Inc.: Also listing on July 24, known for education and publishing.

Other companies like Figma and Chime are expected to go public later in 2025, reflecting a resurgence in the IPO market driven by improved conditions and investor confidence.

Le Chat's new features and the upcoming IPOs present exciting opportunities for both users and investors.

Notepad is becoming less effective or is straying from its original purpose.

The author has launched a beta version of an app called librari.io, designed to help manage personal book collections. They created this app because existing library management apps were either too simple or too complicated for personal use.

Key features of librari.io include:

• Ability to manage multiple libraries in different locations.
• Location tracking for each book on specific shelves.
• Loan management to keep track of books lent to friends.
• Custom fields and tags for personalized book information.
• Tracking reading progress, including dates and personal ratings.
• A modern and user-friendly design.

Currently, the beta version is live, and the author is working on improving the app based on user feedback. They are seeking input on what features would encourage users to use the app, as well as UI/UX suggestions. They are also looking for book collectors who might be interested in beta testing.

Here’s a simplified summary of the text:

Monthly Updates Overview:

• June 2025:

  • Made updates to various projects and improved the boat, Pino.
  • Helped fellow boaters and enjoyed time in the San Juan Islands.
  • Started reading new books in the book club.

• May 2025:

  • Released Oquonie on the Playdate Catalog and worked on a new book about Uxn.
  • Left Victoria for summer sailing in the Gulf Islands.

• April 2025:

  • Updated several projects and cleaned the boat.
  • Participated in a game jam and worked on new comic sequences.

• March 2025:

  • Continued updating projects and planned to turn the logbook into a book.
  • Participated in a game jam and focused on fun doodles.

• February 2025:

  • Celebrated 9 years living on Pino and installed new solar panels.
  • Released a zine about emergency preparedness and Morse Code.

• January 2025:

  • Improved online games and released a new project.
  • Installed new solar panels and participated in Goblin Week activities.

The updates reflect ongoing projects, community involvement, and personal experiences aboard the boat. Each month includes book club readings and various improvements and releases in their creative work.

No summary available.

On July 16, 2025, Stack Exchange officially closed its physical datacenter in New Jersey, marking a significant shift to cloud-based operations. Since 2010, the company had relied on this datacenter for its server needs. The transition to the cloud began after successfully moving Stack Overflow for Teams to Azure in 2023. With the NJ datacenter closure required by July 2025, all servers were removed and disposed of on July 2, 2025.

The Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team managed the decommissioning, which involved unplugging and dismantling 50 servers, alongside a large number of cables. Unlike typical datacenter shutdowns, all equipment was destroyed for security reasons, allowing for a swift and straightforward process. The shift to cloud infrastructure means no more physical servers or datacenters for Stack Exchange, with the team expressing a mix of nostalgia and relief at the end of an era.

The author introduces a guest post by Nik Suresh, a respected business and tech writer, discussing the misguided tendency of leaders to buy software that isn’t necessary. Suresh argues that many companies are distracted by these purchases, hoping they will solve deeper issues in their software engineering practices.

He claims that the real problem is widespread incompetence in technical operations, where teams often fail to deliver meaningful work for years. This inefficiency is common and overlooked, as software development lacks physical markers of progress, making it easy for teams to appear productive without producing real results. Suresh shares personal anecdotes illustrating this dysfunction and emphasizes that many companies, especially those buying large enterprise products like Salesforce, are often too far gone to be saved.

Overall, the piece critiques the current state of the software industry, highlighting a culture of superficiality and inefficiency that is prevalent in many organizations.

Ketu Overview

Ketu is a lightweight framework designed to simulate drone formations easily. It provides simple tools to mimic drone sensors and create scenarios to observe how drones interact in a 3D environment. You can use Ketu to quickly try out different formation techniques.

Key Features:

• Easy Simulations: Ketu allows users to set up scenarios where drones (or nodes) can sense and communicate with each other without complex setups.
• 3D World: Each scenario is an empty 3D space where you can focus on the interactions of the drones.
• Node Functionality: Nodes represent drones and can be customized. Each node has access to sensing and communication tools to gather information and send messages.
• Formation Coordination: Drones are organized into formations by formation coordinators, which can be customized for more complex setups.

Getting Started:

• Ketu is easy to install with minimal dependencies, mainly requiring Raylib and TinyOBJ (which is already included).
• You can explore example scenarios like "RandomNodes" to begin using Ketu.

Contributions: Contributions to Ketu are encouraged, with a preference for simplicity in design.

Summary of TCP-in-UDP Solution

In July 2025, a new solution called TCP-in-UDP was introduced to address challenges with the MPTCP protocol, which can face issues from network devices like NATs and firewalls. MPTCP connections sometimes need to revert to standard TCP, especially on networks that use Performance Enhancing Proxies.

The TCP-in-UDP solution simplifies tunneling MPTCP connections by converting TCP packets into UDP packets without extra data or the need for a virtual private network (VPN). It rearranges the TCP header to fit within a UDP header, making it less likely for the packets to be modified by the network.

Key points include:

• The solution uses eBPF technology for efficient packet processing.
• It maintains TCP functionality while benefiting from UDP's more flexible handling by networks.
• The transition involves changing the order of certain header elements and updating checksums accordingly.
• It requires careful management of packet sizes to prevent fragmentation and ensure performance.

The solution can be easily implemented on both client and server sides, helping to bypass network restrictions on MPTCP. Future work may involve modifications to the destination port settings.

Acknowledgments were given to Xpedite Technologies and community members for their assistance in addressing technical challenges.

The text discusses the misconceptions around using software dependencies in coding. It highlights that while dependencies can seem like a convenient solution, they come with hidden costs, such as the time needed to learn them, potential breaking changes that require code rewrites, and complicated deployment processes.

The author introduces the "zero dependencies" approach using the example of Tigerbeetle, a financial database built with Vanilla Zig, emphasizing the risks associated with dependencies, including security vulnerabilities, performance issues, and complex installations.

To help evaluate dependencies, a framework with five criteria is presented:

1. Ubiquity: How widely available is the dependency?
2. Stability: How often does it change, causing potential issues?
3. Depth: How much functionality does it provide?
4. Ergonomics: Is it user-friendly?
5. Watertightness: Does it expose underlying complexities?

Examples of good dependencies (like POSIX System Calls and Web APIs) are given, illustrating their stability and reliability, while the author encourages readers to think critically about the costs and benefits of any dependency they consider using.

Summary of "Converting Integers to Floats Using Hyperfocus"

This blog post discusses a programmer's journey to implement a fast method for converting 128-bit integers (u128) to 64-bit floating-point numbers (f64) in Rust. The author initially attempted to improve a slow conversion method that involved converting the integer to a string and then parsing it as a float. Their solution ultimately proved to be faster than the built-in conversion methods in various compilers.

Key Points:

1. Background: The author began by addressing a suboptimal conversion method and aimed to create a more efficient solution.

2. Understanding Floats: The representation of f64 values follows the IEEE 754 standard, splitting 64 bits into a sign bit, an exponent, and a mantissa.

3. Conversion Process:

   • The author outlined the conversion steps, starting with checking for zero and then determining the sign, exponent, and mantissa based on the input integer.
   • They implemented bit manipulation techniques to derive the necessary components for the floating-point representation.

4. Rounding: The author had to address rounding issues since not all integer bits fit into the f64 format. They followed the IEEE standard for rounding, which includes tie-breaking rules.

5. Code Optimization: The implementation went through several iterations for cleanup, making the code shorter and more efficient while avoiding costly 128-bit operations.

6. Branch-Free Rounding: The author succeeded in making the rounding process branch-free, which enhances performance by eliminating conditional jumps in the code.

7. Final Implementation: After multiple refinements, the final function was significantly faster than the built-in conversion, achieving a benchmark of 4.8 nanoseconds per conversion compared to 7.7 nanoseconds for the built-in method.

8. Conclusion: The author felt a sense of accomplishment for proving the efficiency of their approach and continued to explore further optimizations for various integer types. Their work eventually contributed to the Rust compiler and .NET runtime.

The post illustrates the author's deep dive into a complex problem, showcasing their coding journey, optimizations, and the satisfaction of achieving better performance in a practical application of programming.

The article discusses how to find missing numbers in large datasets using a technique called Invertible Bloom Filters (IBFs), which extend the well-known XOR trick. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. XOR Trick Basics: The XOR trick can find one or two missing numbers in a list. However, it struggles with three or more missing numbers.

2. Finding Multiple Missing Numbers: To overcome this limitation, we can use a hash function to partition the data into smaller groups, allowing us to apply the XOR trick more effectively. This involves dividing the data and calculating the XOR for each partition.

3. Detecting Issues: If the counts of the sets are close but the symmetric difference (the unique elements in each set) is large, the XOR trick may fail. To detect this, we can use additional accumulators (like hashes) to ensure the results are reliable.

4. Invertible Bloom Filters: IBFs are advanced data structures that combine the principles of Bloom filters with new operations to encode, subtract, and decode sets efficiently. They help find the symmetric difference of two sets while minimizing memory usage.

5. Implementation: The article includes a Python implementation of IBFs, demonstrating how to encode sets, determine differences, and decode results.

6. Set Reconciliation Problem: This refers to the challenge of comparing two sets without sharing all their contents. IBFs are one modern solution for this problem.

7. Conclusion: IBFs are a powerful tool for efficiently comparing large sets based on their differences, and the article encourages further exploration of this topic.

In summary, the article explains how IBFs can be utilized to effectively find missing elements in large datasets, improving on traditional methods.

Summary of Row Polymorphic Programming

Row polymorphic programming helps manage complex data types that often come from real-world scenarios, which can be messy and poorly structured. Instead of relying on macros or complex type signatures, row polymorphism allows for a more flexible and simplified approach by abstracting over the fields in record types.

Key Concepts:

1. Row Types: These are used to describe the structure of data in a tabular format, where each row can have different fields (like a database table). Row types allow for operations like accessing columns and combining different row structures.

2. Flexibility: Row polymorphism enables creating generic functions that can work with any row type as long as it has certain required fields. This is particularly useful for dealing with messy data that doesn’t fit neatly into traditional type systems.

3. Implementation in Idris: While Idris isn’t inherently built for row polymorphism, its powerful type system allows the creation of custom row types. This involves defining schemas that describe column names and types, and functions that operate on these row types.

4. Advantages: Row polymorphism simplifies working with dynamic data structures, allowing for easier management of data without losing type safety. It’s particularly beneficial in scenarios like business logic or frontend applications where data can vary widely.

5. Limitations: The approach does come with trade-offs, such as potential loss of intentionality in type definitions. While it's advantageous for messy data, it might not be as beneficial in low-level systems programming where data structures are more predictable.

6. Functionality Examples: The article provides examples of defining tables, calculating areas using generic functions, and adding new columns to existing tables dynamically.

In summary, row polymorphic programming offers a powerful way to handle complex data structures in a flexible manner, making it easier to work with real-world data in a type-safe way.

No summary available.

The author discusses their positive experience using AI for writing logs, particularly through the Full Line Code Completion feature in JetBrains' PyCharm IDE, which has enhanced their coding efficiency. They highlight the importance of logging in their work, especially when dealing with complex code involving data processing and API calls. Traditional logging methods can be tedious, but the AI feature simplifies this by automatically suggesting log lines based on the surrounding code context.

The AI model used for this feature operates locally on the developer's machine, ensuring quick performance and a compact size suitable for desktop use. It is specifically tailored for Python coding and trained on a focused dataset, allowing it to generate accurate log entries efficiently.

The author appreciates how this AI tool saves time and improves the clarity of logs, often leading them to keep the logs even after debugging. They express excitement about the potential of smaller, specialized AI models in software development compared to larger, general-purpose models. Overall, the experience with this AI-powered logging tool has been very beneficial, streamlining their workflow significantly.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The text appears to be a simple overview of a list or activity. It includes information such as:

• The age of the item in days.
• The last active date in days.
• Options to download, add to favorites, or remove from favorites.
• There are no comments and only one participant, Quentin Michaud.

Overall, it provides a snapshot of an item’s status and participant involvement.

Intel has announced that it is shutting down its Clear Linux operating system, which was known for its high performance on both Intel and AMD hardware. This decision comes as part of cost-cutting measures at Intel.

Effective immediately, Intel will no longer provide updates, security patches, or maintenance for Clear Linux, and its GitHub repository will be set to read-only. Users are advised to migrate to another supported Linux distribution to ensure their systems remain secure.

Intel emphasized its ongoing commitment to the Linux ecosystem and will continue to support other open-source projects. Despite the shutdown, some optimizations from Clear Linux may be adopted by other distributions. This announcement follows recent staff changes at Intel, including the departure of notable Linux engineers.

The author, Joseph Gentle, argues that over time, software licensed under the GPL (General Public License) may become less relevant compared to software under more permissive licenses like BSD or Apache. He believes that high-quality open-source alternatives will eventually emerge for all useful software, and companies will prefer these permissive licenses to avoid legal complications.

Key points include:

1. Open Source Growth: Open-source software will dominate the landscape eventually, with a significant portion of software already being open source.

2. GPL vs. Permissive Licenses: The GPL maintains software freedom through technological superiority, but it can restrict developers' choices. In contrast, BSD/Apache licenses offer more flexibility and are easier for companies to adopt.

3. Developer Preferences: Companies often prefer BSD/Apache licensed software due to fewer legal hurdles and are more likely to contribute back to these projects.

4. Current Trends: LLVM is gaining popularity over GCC for compilers due to its permissive license and corporate backing, while Linux remains a strong exception due to its quality and development team.

5. Future Considerations: Developers should consider whether they want their work to be used in the long term and how they feel about corporations using their code.

In summary, the author believes that open-source freedom will prevail, and developers should choose licenses that facilitate broader adoption and collaboration.

The text seems to reference a user interface with options for navigation, user guidance, a developer API, and appearance settings. It highlights key areas where users can find help and customize their experience.

The author faced issues with poor video quality from their Tandy TRS-80 Color Computer (CoCo) due to a lack of a composite video output. Many similar 8-bit computers also had this limitation. Fortunately, it is easy to add a composite video port, which the author successfully did twice.

The CoCo's video circuitry generates a composite video signal, but it was only sent to an RF modulator for TV transmission. The author decided to tap directly into this signal for improved video quality. They referenced an existing circuit design and learned about using transistors to amplify the signal for RCA output.

After a long delay in the project that started in 2019, the author sourced parts and created PCB boards for the modification. They faced challenges during installation, including drilling holes in the CoCo's case for RCA jacks, but justified this by noting the machine's previous modifications.

Ultimately, despite initial hesitations, the author completed the installation and tested the new output, noting a significant improvement in video quality over the RF signal. Although the composite video isn’t perfect, the author is pleased with the results and encourages others with similar setups to consider this modification.

The Art of Roland-Garros showcases all the tournament's iconic posters in one collection. Each year features a different artist, from 1980 to 2025. The posters are copyrighted by their respective artists and the Fédération Française de Tennis. This website is a fan gallery and is not officially connected to Roland-Garros or the Fédération Française de Tennis.

The author, a software engineer, argues that the current excitement around AI, particularly language models, has created an unsustainable "bubble." While these models are useful for tasks like coding and brainstorming, the hype around them is excessive and detached from their actual capabilities. Executives and investors promote unrealistic expectations, likening the pursuit of "Artificial General Intelligence" to a new religion, which distracts from the limitations of the technology.

The author points out the massive financial waste, with companies spending billions without clear returns. The progress in AI capabilities is slowing down, and the industry is stuck in a cycle of trying to build bigger models without real innovation. A collapse of this AI bubble, similar to the dot-com crash, could ultimately benefit the field. It would lead to a more practical approach to AI, focusing on solving real problems rather than chasing speculative gains.

After the bubble bursts, the infrastructure and research would still exist, allowing for more sustainable development. Smaller companies could emerge, focusing on specific customer needs instead of grand, unattainable goals. The author believes this would lead to decentralized innovation and a healthier industry, where AI is seen as a useful tool rather than a source of unrealistic expectations. In conclusion, a collapse would remove the hype and allow for more meaningful advancements in AI technology.

Summary: The End of Windows 10: A Toolkit for Community Repair Groups

Microsoft will stop providing free support for Windows 10 in October 2025, leaving many computers without support. This could lead to millions of functional devices becoming obsolete, as upgrading to Windows 11 has strict hardware requirements. Instead of discarding these computers, community repair groups can help people keep them running and reduce e-waste.

Key Points:

1. Community Support: Repair groups can assist individuals transitioning away from Windows 10 by offering technical help and guidance on alternative operating systems like Linux or ChromeOS Flex.

2. Event Integration: Groups can incorporate Windows 10 support into existing repair events or host dedicated “End of 10” parties, where multiple visitors can receive assistance at once.

3. Collaboration: Repair groups can partner with local organizations, such as Linux User Groups, repair businesses, and digital inclusion groups, to broaden support for those affected.

4. Options for Users: Community volunteers can help users explore various options, including:

   • Upgrading to Linux
   • Dual-booting with Windows
   • Continuing to use Windows 10 with limited support
   • Finding new uses for old computers

5. Backups and Data Safety: It's crucial for users to back up their data before making any changes. Volunteers should guide them through this process.

6. Tracking Impact: Groups are encouraged to log their support efforts and use the hashtag #EndOf10 to raise awareness and demonstrate the scale of community repair efforts.

By actively supporting users facing the end of Windows 10, community repair groups can extend the life of computers and promote sustainable practices in technology use.

The text appears to be a brief mention of a website or service called "LMNO.lol," which includes a privacy policy and terms of service. However, there isn't detailed information provided about the content or context.

In summary, "LMNO.lol" is a service that has a privacy policy and terms of service available for users.

RisingWave Overview

RisingWave is a user-friendly, cost-effective platform for processing and managing real-time event data. It supports the Apache Iceberg™ format and offers two interfaces: a PostgreSQL-compatible SQL interface and a DataFrame-style Python interface.

Key Features:

• High Throughput: Can handle millions of events per second from various sources.
• Real-Time Processing: Analyzes live data alongside historical data with low latency.
• Integrated Storage: Combines real-time processing with built-in storage for seamless data management.

Core Capabilities:

• Data Ingestion: Quickly brings in large volumes of streaming and batch data.
• Processing: Performs real-time analysis and joins data.
• Storage: Supports both online serving with low-latency access and offline storage using Apache Iceberg™.

Advantages:

• PostgreSQL Compatibility: Works with existing PostgreSQL tools and supports various data types.
• S3 Storage: Uses S3 for efficient, scalable data storage and fast recovery.
• Elastic Disk Cache: Optimizes performance by caching data effectively, reducing costs.

Use Cases:

• Streaming Analytics: Ideal for real-time dashboards in fields like finance and IoT.
• Event-Driven Applications: Enhances monitoring and alert systems for critical tasks.
• Real-Time Data Enrichment: Integrates data from various sources for immediate processing.
• Feature Engineering: Converts data into machine learning features using a unified approach.

Deployment Options: RisingWave can be deployed in the cloud or using Docker and Kubernetes.

Community and Support: Users can join the RisingWave Slack workspace for discussions and collaboration.

Analytics and Privacy: RisingWave collects anonymized usage data to improve the platform, with an option for users to opt out.

License: RisingWave is available under the Apache License (Version 2.0).

For further details or contributions, refer to the RisingWave Developer Guide.

Summary of Fixing a Direct3D9 Bug in Far Cry

On July 7, 2018, a fix was developed for a bug in the game Far Cry, which affected water reflections on newer Windows versions. The main issue was that large land masses were not reflecting on water when playing on systems newer than Windows XP, making the visuals less impressive.

Key Points:

• Bug Overview: The game’s broken water reflections were caused by a regression in the Direct3D9 implementation, likely introduced with the Windows Vista display driver model.
• Community Solution: While a workaround using WineD3D was found, it severely impacted performance, reducing frame rates by up to 75%.
• Research Findings: Using a graphics debugger revealed that Far Cry utilized a rarely used feature called clip planes, which were not supported in modern hardware, leading to the reflection issues.
• Fix Implementation: The problem was resolved by saving and reapplying clip planes correctly during rendering, which restored the reflections without impacting game performance.
• Further Investigation: Although the current fix works well, the root cause of why clip planes were invalidated remains unclear.

For those interested in the fix, a patch called SilentPatch is available for download, which can be easily installed by extracting it into the game’s directory. The source code of the patch is also available on GitHub for reference.

fcrand (Fast Crypto Rand)

fcrand is a fast alternative to Go's built-in crypto/rand package, created by Stan Drapkin.

Key Features:

• Speed: Up to 10 times faster for random data requests of 512 bytes or less.
• Security: Maintains the same cryptographic security as crypto/rand.
• Compatibility: 100% compatible API, making it easy to replace crypto/rand.
• Thread-Safe: Works safely in concurrent environments without extra configuration.

Installation:

1. Update your Go imports:

   import (
       _ "crypto/rand"
       rand "github.com/sdrapkin/fcrand"
   )
   

2. Install the package with:

   go get -u github.com/sdrapkin/fcrand
   

Usage Example: Here's how to use fcrand in a simple Go program:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    rand "github.com/sdrapkin/fcrand"
)

func main() {
    buf := make([]byte, 16)
    rand.Read(buf)
    fmt.Printf("rand.Read buf:   [%x]\n", buf)
    token := rand.Text()
    fmt.Printf("token: [%s]\n", token)
}

Performance Benchmarks:

• fcrand shows significant speed improvements for small requests.
• Performance is comparable to crypto/rand for larger requests (512 bytes and above).

FIPS Compliance:

• fcrand is FIPS-140 ready and can be enabled by setting an environment variable.

For more detailed documentation, visit: fcrand Documentation.

Requirements: Go 1.24 or higher.

Summary of My Experience with Claude Code After 2 Weeks

Background:

• I had a great experience using Claude Code for about two weeks, especially after initially having unlimited API access with Cursor.
• I used Claude Code for various coding tasks, including working on Gumroad projects and AI consulting.

Rate Limiting:

• Cursor recently implemented rate limiting, which affected my usage.
• I was relying heavily on Cursor’s capabilities, particularly for code generation and understanding codebases.

Subscription and Tools:

• I switched to a $200 Claude Max subscription, which offers unlimited access to Sonnet 4 and Opus 4.
• I primarily worked with Python and a large Ruby + TypeScript codebase, utilizing Claude for testing and debugging.

Workflow:

• Initially, I was hesitant to use Claude’s auto-edit mode but grew more comfortable over time.
• I developed a step-by-step approach to using Claude, starting with simple commands and gradually exploring its features.

Key Features:

• Claude Code’s context management and ability to document changes were particularly helpful.
• I discovered useful commands and shortcuts that improved my efficiency, such as using subagents for parallel tasks and managing context through scratchpads.

Comparison with Cursor:

• While Cursor has a polished UI, Claude Code offers more powerful features for experienced users.
• I appreciate the CLI nature of Claude Code, which encourages exploration and curiosity.

Future Goals:

• I plan to experiment with custom commands, optimize prompts, and explore multi-agent systems to enhance productivity.

Conclusion:

• Claude Code is a powerful tool for programming, despite its steeper learning curve and less intuitive interface compared to Cursor.
• Overall, it rewards users who are willing to explore its hidden features.