The SparkFun DE9 Male Breakout (BOB-29195) is a small board that makes it easy to connect to all nine pins of a DE9 connector. The pins are spaced 0.1 inches apart for convenience.

Summary of Programming Vehicles in Games

This text outlines the essential concepts for programming vehicles in video games, focusing on cars, which are a common element in many genres. The key points include:

1. Understanding Vehicle Experience: Games are about the experience, not just realistic physics. Different games showcase cars differently, from the whimsical style of Mario Kart to the realism of simulators like iRacing. Developers should prioritize the experience they want to create rather than strictly adhering to real-world physics.

2. Challenging the Norm: The author shares their journey in creating a vehicle simulation, beginning with AV Racer. Early attempts relied on simplified physics, resulting in unsatisfactory driving feels. Through iteration and understanding vehicle dynamics, they learned that true realism enhances the experience.

3. Core Components of Vehicle Simulation:

   • Engine and Gearbox: This is where movement starts. The engine responds to player inputs and affects wheel speed and torque.
   • Wheels and Tires: The wheels generate forces based on inputs like braking and steering. They interact with the road and affect the vehicle's performance.
   • Chassis: The chassis ties everything together, responding to forces from the tires and affecting their grip.

4. Feedback Loops: Each of these components interacts in complex ways, creating feedback loops. For example, the tires’ grip influences engine performance, and the engine affects tire dynamics.

5. Practical Limitations: Most games do not simulate every detail of vehicle physics due to practical constraints. Developers often use simplified models and focus on what is essential for the gameplay experience.

6. No One-Size-Fits-All Solution: There is no single correct method for implementing vehicle physics in games. Each developer must decide what aspects to simulate and what to simplify based on their game's needs.

7. Goal of the Talk: The purpose is to guide developers in understanding the fundamental principles of vehicle simulation, enabling them to create engaging and fun driving experiences in their games.

In summary, creating vehicles in games involves balancing realism with fun, understanding the components of vehicle behavior, and making design choices that fit the desired player experience.

The text discusses the loading performance of various Formula 1 (F1) websites, focusing on the Red Bull Racing Honda site in 2021. Here are the key points:

1. Performance Overview: The Red Bull site loads in a total of 8.6 seconds, which is a significant improvement from 15.8 seconds in 2019, making it faster than its previous version.

2. Areas for Improvement: Despite the improvements, there are several ways to enhance performance:

   • Content Rendering Delays: A 3-second delay is caused by unnecessary inlining of code.
   • Image Loading Issues: Main images take longer to load due to poor optimization and JavaScript handling. For instance, one key image has a 40-second delay because it's loaded via JavaScript instead of an <img> tag.
   • Font Loading Delay: Fonts also cause a 2-second delay due to being on a different server.

3. Image Optimization: The site uses WebP images, but they are not optimized properly, leading to larger file sizes than necessary. For example, an overlay image could be reduced from 1.1 MB to a much smaller size through better encoding.

4. Inline Image Issues: The site uses a low-quality inlined image, which is not a good preview of the final image. This can be improved by using better resolution and formats.

5. Comparative Performance: Red Bull's site ranks first in loading speed among the websites reviewed so far.

In summary, while the Red Bull website shows significant performance gains from previous years, there are still various technical improvements that could be made to enhance loading speed and user experience.

The text provides updated pricing information for major AI models like OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google, focusing on the cost per million tokens for both input and output. It highlights that some models have tiered pricing based on the length of prompts, and the displayed prices are for prompts of 200,000 tokens or less. The latest update was on July 25, 2025. There is also an option to sign up for a newsletter to receive weekly updates on pricing changes and new models.

No summary available.

We just launched version 1.0 of the MonTana Mini Computer (MTMC-16), a virtual teaching tool designed to help students learn about low-level computing. It is a 16-bit computer with 4k of RAM, optimized for maximum functionality despite its limited hardware.

Key features include:

• A visual display for registers
• A memory view with filters
• A Gameboy-style game pad
• A console for running assembly instructions
• A file browser with an integrated editor

The package comes with sample code, like Snake and Conway's Game of Life, located in the /src directory. You can also watch a quick start video here.

We are working on a C compiler for the machine and plan to enhance the interactivity and visual feedback soon. Feedback from users is welcome! For more information, visit the website.

The author has created a server to chat with Apple Health data as part of a personal trainer tool that tracks workout goals and schedules. Since there is no automated way to access Apple Health data, the current method involves exporting key data to CSV using an iOS app every Sunday before a weekly check-in. Although it requires several steps, it's manageable. The server mainly functions as a simple layer over duckdb. A video demonstrating its use is available online.

NVIDIA will hold its stockholder meeting on June 25, 2025. People can join the meeting online.

No summary available.

No summary available.

This month marks the 20th anniversary of MDN (Mozilla Developer Network), which started as a community-driven resource to help developers understand the evolving web. Over the years, MDN has grown to include nearly 14,000 documentation pages and over 33,000 localized articles, making it a trusted resource for developers of all skill levels.

To celebrate, MDN acknowledges the tradition of sharing cakes among browser developers to promote collaboration, and they received a cake from the web.dev team. The MDN community, consisting of over 100,000 contributors, plays a crucial role in its success.

MDN reaches millions of developers each month, and the team expresses gratitude to everyone involved. They invite users to share their experiences and encourage new contributors to help shape the future of MDN. Here's to continuing to empower developers for another 20 years!

The article discusses issues with high dynamic range (HDR) and tone mapping in video game graphics, highlighting how these techniques often fail to produce visually appealing results.

1. HDR Introduction: HDR was introduced to improve the contrast in gaming graphics, but it has largely been misapplied, resulting in images that look overly "video gamey" and lacking the aesthetic quality of real films or photographs.

2. Technical Limitations: Real-world contrast ratios are much higher than what screens can display, leading to challenges in accurately representing lighting in games. Tone mapping is used to compress this range for screens, but current methods often lead to poor visual quality.

3. Comparison with Film: The article contrasts the approaches of different camera systems in film production, noting that while some companies focus on exceeding technical capabilities, others prioritize achieving a visually appealing look. This distinction is important for understanding why some games look better than others.

4. Common Problems: Many modern games suffer from similar tone mapping issues, resulting in overly high contrast images that do not balance colors well. This problem is compounded by a lack of understanding of film techniques in game development.

5. Examples of Good HDR Use: The article highlights a few games that manage HDR effectively, such as Resident Evil 7, Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, and Forza Horizon 3, which use contrast in ways that enhance their visual storytelling and aesthetic appeal.

6. Need for Improvement: The author advocates for better tone mapping techniques and tools in game development, emphasizing that artistic decisions should be prioritized early in the design process rather than treated as an afterthought.

Overall, the article argues for a reevaluation of how tone mapping is approached in game graphics to achieve a more visually pleasing outcome.

No summary available.

The article discusses the increasing gap in DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) adoption between Fortune 500 companies and those in the Inc. 5000 list. DMARC is a security measure that helps prevent email fraud and phishing attacks. While many Fortune 500 companies are implementing DMARC policies to protect their email communications effectively, Inc. 5000 companies are lagging behind in adoption. This divide highlights the need for more awareness and action among smaller businesses to enhance their email security and protect against cyber threats.

The text appears to be a list of various documentation topics, packages, or tools related to programming, particularly in the context of the Common Lisp language. Here are the key points summarized:

• The list includes a variety of subjects such as documentation tools, data structures, web technologies, security utilities, text processing, and threading.
• Topics cover functionalities like image recognition, web templates, testing frameworks, and API interactions.
• There are references to specific programming concepts (like macros and data formats) and practical utilities (like caching and serialization).
• The items are organized numerically, possibly indicating a versioning or categorization system.

Overall, this document serves as an index of resources or components useful for Common Lisp programming and related tasks.

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Summary:

Asciinema is a free and open-source tool for recording and sharing terminal sessions online. Unlike traditional screen recording apps, it offers a simple, text-based approach that captures everything you do in the terminal.

Key Features:

• Easy Recording: Start by typing asciinema rec demo.cast in your terminal, and finish by pressing ctrl+d or typing exit.
• Text Format: Recordings are in text format, making it easy to copy and paste any content you want.
• Embedding: You can easily embed the Asciinema player in blogs, documentation, or presentations.
• Example Sessions: There are various example recordings available to explore.

Overall, Asciinema provides a lightweight and efficient way to document terminal activities.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary:

Rapidus has begun producing prototype wafers using 2nm Gate All Around (GAA) transistors at its new facility, IIM-1, located in Chitose City, Hokkaido, Japan. The construction of this facility started in September 2023, and it became operational with essential equipment by early 2025. Rapidus aims to begin advanced customer testing within nine months and plans to achieve full-scale production by 2027.

The facility is designed to withstand earthquakes, featuring special steel dampers that allow the building to flex without damage. This project is significant for both the semiconductor industry and Japan's technological advancement.

Google will stop its URL shortening service, goo.gl, on August 25, 2025. After this date, any links created with this tool will no longer work and will show a 404 error. Google had previously shut down the service in 2019 but allowed existing links to remain active. However, due to a significant decline in traffic to these links, Google announced last year that they would eventually phase them out. Users are advised to switch to a different URL shortener before the deadline.

Summary:

The Nuclear Reactor Sim Run is a simple simulator that helps users understand how a nuclear reactor works. It features basic controls to raise or lower different groups of control rods and adjust water flow rates. The game is built using Maaack's Game Template and includes sounds from Pixabay. It is currently in prototype status and available on multiple platforms including HTML5, Windows, macOS, and Linux.

The simulator aims to be both a fun and educational tool, but there was a noted error in the description of uranium isotope 235, which was corrected after feedback. The creator, PeteTimesSix, is open to improving the simulator for educational purposes.

Users can download different versions of the simulator, and there is an option to leave comments on the platform.

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Summary of "Developing with Kiro: Amazon's New Agentic IDE"

Yehuda Cohen shares his experiences using Kiro, Amazon's new development tool designed to enhance productivity through AI assistance. As part of the AWS Community Builders program, he had early access to Kiro and highlights its potential to significantly improve development processes.

Key points include:

1. Productivity Boost: Kiro has fundamentally changed Cohen's approach to development, allowing him to focus more on planning and architecture rather than just coding. He completed projects like a portfolio website and contributed to open-source projects with minimal manual coding.

2. Spec-Driven Development: Kiro excels when clear and detailed specifications are provided upfront. This approach helps the AI understand project goals and execute tasks autonomously, reducing the need for constant oversight.

3. Project Management: Kiro requires a different management style, where developers guide the AI, ensuring it addresses root causes rather than taking shortcuts. Effective communication and specification updates are crucial for success.

4. Real-World Testing: Cohen tested Kiro across various technologies, noting its strengths in creating documentation, onboarding to complex projects, and generating code. However, it also has limitations, particularly with debugging and handling intricate environments.

5. Practical Tips: To maximize Kiro's effectiveness, Cohen recommends:

   • Creating detailed specifications.
   • Using Kiro's ability to generate project documentation.
   • Leveraging integrations with external tools for enhanced functionality.
   • Understanding when to intervene in the AI's processes.

6. Future of Development: Cohen believes Kiro represents a shift in software development towards AI-assisted processes, allowing engineers to focus more on strategic aspects rather than repetitive coding tasks.

Overall, Kiro shows promise as a tool that could reshape the development landscape, emphasizing the importance of clear communication and planning in working with AI systems.

The author created a tool to help with the frequently changing documentation of Zig's standard library. This tool fetches the latest documentation from the official Zig website and makes it accessible through the MCP, allowing users to easily query standard library functions and built-ins. You can find it here: zig-mcp on GitHub.

Qwen3 is a collection that contains 76 items. It was last updated approximately 6 hours ago.

The author shares a story about optimizing Java code for a large distributed data processing platform. They aimed for significant performance improvements, focusing on VarInt encoding, which efficiently encodes integers using fewer bytes. The author created a highly optimized assembly version of this encoding, achieving a performance increase of four times over the existing Java implementation.

However, when testing in a real-world scenario, they found no performance gain. The issue was that their benchmarks used random data, which skewed results toward worst-case scenarios. In reality, most numbers in their data were much smaller, leading to minimal differences in performance. The author learned that optimizing for random data did not reflect actual usage, resulting in a rollback of their changes. They concluded the experience was valuable for understanding custom optimizations but ultimately unproductive for the project.

The text discusses the relationship between memory safety and thread safety in programming languages, particularly focusing on Go.

Key Points:

1. Memory Safety Definition: Memory safety generally means that a program does not have issues like accessing freed memory or going out of bounds. It is often seen as separate from thread safety, which deals with bugs in concurrent programming.

2. Undefined Behavior (UB): The author argues that the real concern is the absence of Undefined Behavior, which occurs when a program violates the language's rules, leading to unpredictable outcomes.

3. Go's Memory Safety Issues: The author uses a Go example to show that despite being labeled memory-safe, Go can still experience memory safety violations due to data races. This can lead to crashes and unpredictable behavior, undermining the language's safety claims.

4. Comparison with Other Languages: Other languages like Java have mechanisms to ensure that even with data races, programs remain well-defined and do not exhibit memory safety violations. In contrast, Go lacks such protections.

5. Trade-offs in Language Design: The author highlights that Go made simpler design choices, which affects its safety guarantees. While Go is better than languages like C in terms of safety, it is not as robust as languages that actively prevent data races.

6. Conclusion: The text emphasizes the importance of understanding the safety guarantees of programming languages and warns against assuming that memory-safe languages are free from all safety issues. The author believes the distinction between different types of safety (memory, thread, etc.) is less meaningful than ensuring programs do not allow Undefined Behavior.

Overall, the message is that programming languages need to carefully address concurrency to ensure true safety and that Go, while useful, has limitations in this regard.

Summary of Google Labs' Opal Announcement

On July 24, 2025, Google Labs introduced Opal, a new experimental tool that allows users to create and share AI mini-apps easily. Opal enables users to combine AI models, prompts, and tools using simple language and visual editing, making it accessible even for those with no coding skills.

Key features of Opal include:

• Workflow Creation: Users can build multi-step apps by describing the process, and Opal will create a visual representation of the workflow.
• Editing Capabilities: Users can modify their apps using natural language commands or a visual editor, allowing for easy adjustments without coding.
• Sharing Options: Once an app is complete, users can share it for others to use with their Google accounts.

Opal is currently in public beta in the US, and it includes a demo gallery with starter templates to help users get started. It aims to empower creators to turn their ideas into functional AI applications.

Summary of Positron

Positron is a free, advanced data science integrated development environment (IDE) developed by Posit PBC. It is a versatile tool for coding and data exploration, providing a familiar setup for creating and sharing reproducible work.

To get started with Positron, users can download the installer and access user guides on topics like selecting interpreters and using the Data Explorer. Common questions are addressed in the FAQs. Positron is based on Code OSS, and users can refer to VS Code documentation for basic features.

Feedback is encouraged through GitHub Discussions, where users can ask questions and report issues.

Positron is licensed under the Elastic License 2.0, which allows for source availability. The name and icon of Positron are trademarks of Posit Software, PBC.

The blog post discusses concerns about the censorship of adult content by payment processors, particularly focusing on recent actions taken by groups like Collective Shout against platforms such as Steam and itch.io. The author, using their furry persona, highlights the historical use of payment processors as tools for censorship, noting that this tactic has been applied to organizations like Wikileaks and SciHub in the past.

The article raises questions about the motives of activists, particularly those affiliated with Collective Shout, which claims to be feminist but has ties to anti-LGBTQ+ sentiments. The author emphasizes the need to be cautious about spreading unverified claims regarding these groups.

The main issue is the power payment processors like Visa and Mastercard hold over online commerce, which can lead to censorship without democratic oversight. While the author acknowledges some content targeted for removal is problematic, they argue that the methods used to achieve censorship are concerning and could lead to broader implications for free expression.

The post suggests that the answer lies in political solutions rather than simply switching to cryptocurrency, which could place more burden on developers. The author encourages organizing efforts to combat this form of censorship and mentions the potential benefits of new payment systems being developed in the EU and the US that could reduce the influence of major payment processors.

Overall, the author calls for collective action among technologists, gamers, and activists to address these issues effectively, while cautioning against letting movements descend into misogyny, reminiscent of GamerGate.

Summary of Modernish

Modernish is a library designed to improve shell scripting by making it easier and safer. It addresses common issues like complicated quoting and fragile scripts. Here are the key points:

• Purpose: Modernish simplifies shell scripting by providing safer variable expansion, new looping constructs, and other features that enhance script functionality without needing compiled code.

• Installation: It's easy to install using a script, and can run on various Unix-like systems without the need for new executables.

• Forms of Use: Scripts can be written in two ways:

  • Simple Form: Tied to a specific shell (e.g., bash).
  • Portable Form: Works with any shell that supports Modernish, using a generic hashbang.

• Modules: Modernish offers modules for various functionalities, such as safe variable handling and low-level utilities.

• Interactive and Non-Interactive Use: It can be used for both interactive shell sessions and non-interactive command line usage, with examples provided for common tasks.

• Capability Detection: Modernish has a feature detection system to adapt to different shell environments, ensuring compatibility and optimal performance.

• Utilities: It includes low-level functions for outputting strings, changing directories, and checking variable statuses, among others.

• Error Handling: The library provides robust error handling mechanisms, including an emergency halt function that can terminate scripts if necessary.

Overall, Modernish aims to modernize shell scripting, making it more robust, portable, and user-friendly. Users are encouraged to test, develop, and contribute to its evolution.

Intel has announced the immediate discontinuation of its Clear Linux project, which had been developed for the past ten years to optimize performance for x86_64 processors. Clear Linux was known for its high performance on Intel and AMD systems due to its advanced compiler tuning and kernel patches.

Before it became obsolete, benchmarks were conducted comparing Clear Linux's performance with Ubuntu 25.04. Clear Linux is optimized for Intel's newer processor features and was tested on an Intel Xeon Max server.

The testing environment for Clear Linux included the latest software versions, while Ubuntu 25.04 was also evaluated with adjustments to match Clear Linux's performance settings. The benchmarks indicated that Clear Linux was approximately 48% faster than Ubuntu out of the box.

The end of the Clear Linux project is seen as a significant loss for the open-source community, although its assets will remain available, they will no longer receive updates or support.

No summary available.

No summary available.

IPNSIG, founded in 1998 by Vint Cerf and researchers from academia and NASA/JPL, aims to expand the internet into space. As part of the Internet Society, known as the Interplanetary Chapter, their goal is to connect unpopulated areas of the solar system and ensure that "The Internet is for Everyone," even in space.

Key activities include:

• Developing a strategy for an Interplanetary Network to benefit humanity.
• Creating a shared vision for this network with various stakeholders.
• Presenting a roadmap for the future of interplanetary networking.
• Promoting Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology for both terrestrial and space applications.

Reports on their architecture, governance, and strategy are available for further information.

No summary available.

Summary of the Case Study on Claude Code Use at Anthropic

Anthropic's teams are enhancing their productivity by using Claude Code, a tool that helps both technical and non-technical staff manage complex projects, automate tasks, and improve workflows. Interviews with various departments revealed key insights into how they leverage Claude Code.

1. Data Infrastructure:

   • Automates data engineering tasks and simplifies troubleshooting, allowing non-technical staff to manage data workflows.
   • New hires can quickly navigate the codebase with Claude Code's assistance.
   • Improves documentation and task management.

2. Product Development:

   • Enables rapid prototyping and synchronous coding, allowing engineers to develop features efficiently.
   • Automates testing and bug fixes, enhancing code quality and speeding up development.

3. Security Engineering:

   • Helps in debugging and code reviews, significantly reducing incident resolution times.
   • Streamlines security approvals for infrastructure changes.

4. Inference Team:

   • Assists new members in understanding codebases and generates unit tests, improving learning and development speed.
   • Facilitates cross-language code translation for testing purposes.

5. Data Science and ML Engineering:

   • Enables teams to build complex applications in unfamiliar languages quickly.
   • Transforms disposable notebooks into reusable analytics dashboards.

6. Product Engineering:

   • Improves the process of debugging and understanding unfamiliar code sections, increasing confidence in tackling issues independently.

7. Growth Marketing:

   • Automates repetitive marketing tasks and enhances ad creative generation, dramatically increasing output and efficiency.

8. Product Design:

   • Allows designers to implement changes directly, significantly speeding up the design process and improving collaboration with engineers.

9. Reinforcement Learning (RL) Engineering:

   • Supports feature development and debugging, encouraging an experimental approach with frequent checkpoints.

10. Legal:

    • Empowers non-developers to create custom tools for accessibility and workflow automation, enhancing team coordination.

Key Tips for Using Claude Code:

• Document workflows thoroughly.
• Break complex tasks into smaller, manageable parts.
• Use Claude Code iteratively as a collaborator rather than expecting immediate solutions.
• Leverage visual aids like screenshots for better communication of ideas.

In summary, Claude Code is transforming workflows across various teams at Anthropic, enabling faster execution, improved collaboration, and increased productivity.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Job Summary: C++ Systems Engineer at Thunder Compute

Company Overview:

• Thunder Compute is a GPU cloud platform that offers better profit margins than competitors.
• The team consists of 4 people and is currently seed-funded, with plans to grow and relocate to San Francisco or New York City in six months.
• The company has experienced significant revenue growth.

Technical Challenge:

• The company is developing a system to connect GPUs over TCP, allowing for more efficient use of hardware.
• This involves creating a stable and high-performing virtualization layer that supports oversubscription of resources.

Role Description:

• The C++ Systems Engineer will focus on optimizing performance, debugging systems, and researching related technical challenges.
• Ideal for someone who enjoys working on complex, high-performance systems.

Key Responsibilities:

• Must have exceptional C++ skills and experience with optimizing network and GPU performance.
• Should understand low-level networking and work well in environments where latency is critical.

Requirements:

• Must have leadership potential and strong communication skills.
• Self-motivated and able to take ownership of tasks from the start.

Preferred Qualifications:

• Advanced degree in Computer Science from a reputable university with a good GPA.
• At least one year of experience in a related field, such as at a trading firm or hardware company.

Compensation:

• Full-time salary plus equity (0.5-1%).
• The company is open to relocating the headquarters for the right candidate.
• Reports directly to the Co-founder/CTO, who has a background in quantitative development.

Users on 4chan have reportedly found an exposed database belonging to a new women's dating safety app called Tea, which has over 1.6 million users. The database, hosted on Google’s Firebase platform, contains personal data and selfies uploaded by users. Some 4chan users have accessed this data and shared it online, including sensitive information like drivers' licenses and personal photos.

Tea is designed for women to share information about men to enhance safety, requiring users to upload a selfie for verification. Despite the app's popularity, it has faced serious security issues, as the exposed database allowed anyone to access the information without authentication.

While the original 4chan thread has been taken down, multiple archives still exist showing extensive sharing of personal information from the app. Users have even created scripts to automatically collect data from the database. Tea did not respond to inquiries about the breach.

No summary available.

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The article highlights a simple yet underused technique in programming: creating distinct types for different values to avoid bugs. Using generic types like integers or strings can lead to errors if they are misused, such as confusing a user ID with an account ID.

The author suggests defining specific types, such as AccountID and UserID, which helps maintain clarity about what each value represents. For instance, if a function expects a UserID, it will raise an error if you try to pass an AccountID instead. This type safety prevents potential runtime errors.

The author shares an example from their weather calculations library, libwx, which uses specific types for measurements to prevent mistakes. The article concludes by urging developers to utilize their type systems effectively to reduce bugs caused by mixing up similar types.

Summary:

SQLite has a feature called Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) that includes checksums to help with data integrity. However, if there is a checksum error, SQLite does not raise an error. Instead, it silently drops the corrupted frame and all subsequent frames, which can lead to data loss. This behavior is intentional and not a bug.

WAL mode, introduced in 2010, improves write performance by first writing data to a WAL file before transferring it to the main database. Each piece of data in the WAL is called a frame, and checksums are used to verify their integrity. If a checksum mismatch is found, SQLite stops reading and drops all later frames, even if they are not corrupted.

This issue can occur under specific conditions, such as missing WAL index files or unclean shutdowns during writes. The author expresses concern about SQLite's lack of error reporting on corruption and suggests that it should ideally notify users of any data integrity issues instead of automatically dropping data.

The discussion also touches on how SQLite is often used in mobile environments, where data corruption is more common, making corruption detection crucial. Overall, the author advocates for better handling of checksum errors in SQLite to prevent unintentional data loss.

Summary of Recent Changes to Zig (2025)

• New Aarch64 Backend (July 23, 2025):

  • A new backend for Aarch64 was integrated, authored by Andrew Kelley and Jacob Young.
  • It has passed 79% of behavior tests and is smaller in logic compared to the x86 backend.
  • It improves speed and efficiency in code generation and reduces the complexity of deferred value tracking compared to the x86 backend.

• Zig Roadmap 2026 (June 30, 2025):

  • A Zig SHOWTIME episode was scheduled to discuss the roadmap for 2026.

• Performance Improvements (June 14, 2025):

  • Parallel code generation was enhanced in the x86_64 backend, improving compilation speed by 5-50% for Zig projects.

• Self-Hosted x86 Backend (June 8, 2025):

  • The x86 backend is now the default for Debug mode, outperforming LLVM in compilation speed and passing more behavior tests.

• Introduction to Zig Build System (June 6, 2025):

  • A video tutorial was released to help new users understand the Zig build system.

• Cross-Compilation for FreeBSD and NetBSD (May 20, 2025):

  • Zig now supports cross-compilation for these systems, enabling development from various platforms.

• Website and Tool Updates (April - February 2025):

  • The Zig website updated to a new version of the Zine tool.
  • Improvements in error messaging for undefined behavior in C code, making debugging easier.
  • A new memory allocator was developed, resulting in better performance compared to glibc.

Overall, Zig continues to improve its performance, expand its capabilities, and enhance user support, marking significant progress in its development trajectory.

No summary available.

Summary of Vet Tool

What is Vet? Vet is a command-line tool designed to enhance safety when running scripts from the internet, specifically addressing the risks of using the curl | bash method. It allows users to inspect scripts, check for changes, analyze for errors, and requires explicit approval before execution.

The Problem Running scripts directly from the internet can be dangerous. You might unknowingly trust a malicious script or encounter a broken script due to network issues.

How Vet Works

1. Fetch: Downloads the script to a safe, temporary location.
2. Diff & Review: Compares the script to previous versions to show any changes.
3. Lint: Uses shellcheck to check for bugs or harmful patterns.
4. Confirm: Asks for your approval before running the script.

Installation

• Recommended: Use Homebrew on macOS/Linux:
  • Tap the repository: brew tap vet-run/vet
  • Install it: brew install vet-run
• Manual Installation: Download the installer script, review it for safety, and then run it.

Usage

• Basic command: vet <URL>
• Example: vet https://example.com/install.sh
• You can pass arguments to the script or run it in non-interactive mode for trusted scripts.

Options

• --force: Executes immediately without prompts (use with caution).
• --help: Displays help information.

Project Philosophy Vet requires Bash 4 or higher for its security features and is not compatible with older versions or POSIX sh.

Contributing Contributions to the project are encouraged, and guidelines for submitting changes are provided.

License The project is licensed under the MIT License.

Summary of tsbro: TypeScript for the Browser

Overview: tsbro is a tool that allows developers to use TypeScript directly in the browser without needing any complex setup, such as build steps or tooling. This is useful for quickly creating demos or proofs of concept.

How It Works:

• tsbro avoids the traditional browser import system by using synchronous XMLHttpRequest (XHR) and a special transpiler to convert TypeScript code into JavaScript.
• It fetches TypeScript code, transpiles it to JavaScript, converts module formats, and evaluates it for execution.

Usage: To use tsbro, you need to include a script in your HTML file that imports tsbro and registers its settings. You can then write TypeScript directly in the HTML using a special <script> tag.

Caveats:

1. Type Issues: TypeScript may not find types for modules since nothing is installed. You can resolve this by creating a declaration file with declare module '*'.
2. Readability of Errors: Stack traces can be confusing because of the transpilation process, but there’s no current solution for this.

Suggested Configuration: A sample tsconfig.json file is provided to set up the TypeScript compiler options for use with tsbro.

License: tsbro is licensed under the MIT License.

Summary of mwm (Minimalist Window Manager):

mwm is a very simple window manager designed for minimalists. It has only 20 lines of code and includes no extra features like modes, mouse control, virtual desktops, or configuration files. There are no visual elements like title bars or menus, and it only shows one full-screen window at a time.

Key features:

• Very small and lightweight.
• Allows launching applications, switching between windows, and closing windows.
• Provides basic key bindings through two macros: grab and map.

The goal of mwm is to offer a straightforward, hackable, and efficient alternative to complex software. It's designed for users who prefer simplicity over unnecessary features. To set it up, you can easily build it using a simple script.

The U.S. Air Force has suspended the use of the Sig Sauer M18 pistol after the shooting death of airman Brayden Tyriq Lovan at F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. The Air Force Global Strike Command, which oversees over 33,000 personnel, announced the pause for a thorough review of the firearm.

Lovan, a 21-year-old airman from Kentucky, was identified as the victim, and the incident has prompted safety concerns about the Sig Sauer pistols, which have previously faced allegations of unintentional discharges. Sig Sauer has been involved in multiple lawsuits regarding these safety issues, but the company has denied any design flaws.

While the investigation is ongoing, personnel will be equipped with different weapons, and all M18 pistols will undergo safety inspections. The military's adoption of the M18 and its predecessor, the M17, means that nearly all branches of the U.S. military use these firearms.

No summary available.

Summary of "Breakneck: China’s Quest to Engineer the Future"

The author shares insights from their book, Breakneck: China’s Quest to Engineer the Future, which explores the similarities and differences between China and America. The key ideas include:

1. Commonalities: Both Americans and Chinese are driven and ambitious, influencing global change.
2. Rivalry Perspective: The U.S.-China rivalry shouldn’t be analyzed using outdated political labels like socialist or democratic.
3. Engineering vs. Legalism: China is characterized as an "engineering state," focusing on building and solving problems with a hands-on approach, while America operates more as a "lawyerly society," often bogged down by legal processes.

The author recounts their experiences living in China from 2017 to 2023, including a bike trip that highlighted China's impressive infrastructure compared to wealthier U.S. states. They critique China's social engineering efforts, particularly the harsh realities of policies like the one-child policy.

The book discusses how the U.S. relies on legal measures in international conflicts, while China focuses on concrete advancements. It also reflects on the author's family heritage and the challenges of living in both countries.

Throughout the writing process, the author grew as a writer and a thinker, analyzing the complexities of both nations and their future. They emphasize the need for America to improve its infrastructure while learning from China's successes and failures without adopting its more oppressive policies.

The author also shares personal reflections on the writing journey, culinary experiences, and the influence of technology like AI in their work and research. The book is set to be published on August 26, 2025, encouraging readers to explore these themes further.

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Summary of "Revisiting Moneyball"

The article revisits the themes and critiques surrounding the book and film "Moneyball," which tell the story of the Oakland Athletics (A’s) and their use of analytics to compete against wealthier teams in baseball. The author highlights key points:

1. Analytics Over Traditional Scouting: The A’s General Manager, Billy Beane, used data-driven approaches to challenge traditional scouting methods, focusing on metrics like on-base percentage (OBP) rather than outdated statistics.

2. Undervalued Players: Beane recognized that players with high OBP were often overlooked and available at lower costs, allowing the A's to build a competitive team despite a low payroll.

3. Team Strategy: The A’s combined players with specific skills rather than relying on "five-tool" superstars, resulting in effective offensive production.

4. Playoff Challenges: Beane acknowledged that his analytical methods were less effective in the playoffs, where randomness plays a significant role, leading to inconsistent postseason performance.

5. Critiques of Moneyball:

   • Critics argue that the narrative ignores the existing talent on the 2002 A’s roster, which included several star players.
   • The idea that "Moneyball" promotes low payrolls is misleading; successful teams like the Boston Red Sox used analytics alongside significant financial resources.
   • While analytics have improved player development and decision-making, they have also contributed to less entertaining aspects of the game, such as more strikeouts and fewer balls in play.

6. Competitive Balance: The article debates whether financial constraints truly determine competitive outcomes in baseball. Despite criticisms, the MLB has shown a degree of playoff accessibility.

In conclusion, while the effectiveness of analytics in baseball remains debated, "Moneyball" has had a lasting impact by highlighting how data can uncover hidden player value and inspire teams to innovate, even amid financial limitations.

Summary: Visa and Mastercard's Dominance in Global Payments

Visa and Mastercard dominate the global payments processing market, controlling about 90% of transactions outside China and holding a combined market value of $850 billion. Their success stems from historical advantages, starting in the 1950s with the first credit cards, and their strong ties to major banks that helped solidify their market positions.

Key points include:

1. Market Control: Visa and Mastercard hold a significant duopoly in payment processing, enjoying high operating margins due to their scalable business models and network effects.

2. Historical Roots: The credit card industry began in the 1950s, with American Express leading initially. Visa and Mastercard emerged from major banks, using restrictive contracts to limit competition.

3. Challenges: Recently, they face pressure from companies like Amazon, which is negotiating lower fees, and national payment processors like India's RuPay, which offers lower transaction costs.

4. Business Model: Their revenues come from transaction fees, operating as networks rather than issuing cards themselves. This allows them to benefit from high transaction volumes without proportional cost increases.

5. Future Risks: New fintech solutions, such as digital wallets and "buy-now-pay-later" services, pose threats to their dominance. Regulatory scrutiny is increasing, which could lead to changes in their business practices.

In conclusion, while Visa and Mastercard have been integral in the evolution of digital payments, their continued dominance will depend on how they adapt to emerging technologies and regulatory challenges.

The Open Source Hackathon 2025 is an event aimed at creating open source alternatives to popular tools that are often behind paywalls. It will take place from September 1-7, and participants can join remotely. The hackathon encourages individual builders to develop real, open source projects and offers over $5,000 in prizes for the best creations.

Prizes include items like the Herman Miller Aeron chair and various tech gadgets. The event is supported by Leap, an AI-powered platform that simplifies building full-stack applications.

So far, over 135 developers have signed up. For updates, participants can register and will only receive emails related to the hackathon. For questions, contact [email protected].

Summary of "Why Concatenative Programming Matters"

Jon Purdy discusses concatenative programming, a lesser-known programming paradigm that focuses on function composition rather than function application. He aims to clarify what concatenative programming is and why it matters.

Key Points:

1. Definition: Concatenative programming uses function composition, meaning functions can be combined without explicitly applying them to values. This differs from applicative languages, where functions are applied to values.

2. Simplicity: Concatenative languages are simpler to work with because they only require functions and compositions. There are no variables, making them easier to implement and reason about compared to traditional functional languages.

3. Postfix Notation: In concatenative languages, operations are expressed in postfix notation (e.g., "2 3 ×" for multiplication). This allows for a clear flow of data and simplifies the process of function composition.

4. Stack Polymorphism: Functions in concatenative programming can accept any type of input and return results without needing fixed input types. This is done using a stack data structure to manage values and results.

5. Efficiency: Concatenative languages can be implemented efficiently, often being the basis for popular language virtual machines like Java Virtual Machine and CPython. Their design allows for optimizations in execution.

6. Point-free Style: Concatenative programming aligns with the point-free style of functional programming, which avoids mentioning specific variables. This leads to clearer and more concise expressions.

Overall, Purdy advocates for understanding and exploring concatenative programming for its simplicity and efficiency, suggesting that it can enhance programming practices and inspire new methods in software development.

Several major phone networks in the UK, including BT, EE, Three, and Vodafone, are experiencing significant outages, preventing many customers from making or receiving calls. Users have reported issues on social media, with some expressing frustration over the inability to contact others. Vodafone acknowledged the problems and stated they are working to resolve them. EE also confirmed they are investigating the situation. Areas most affected include London, Birmingham, Manchester, and Glasgow. Meanwhile, O2 reported that their network is functioning normally, and the issues some customers face are due to the outages of other networks.

We introduce a new tool and theory called RE# for matching regular expressions. This tool uses symbolic derivatives and avoids backtracking, enhancing its efficiency. It supports standard operators and also features complement, intersection, and lookarounds. Our formal theory shows that the main algorithm runs in linear time relative to the input size. In tests with popular benchmarks, RE# is over 71% faster than the next best regex engine in Rust and significantly outperforms all leading regex engines in extended tests, often by a large margin.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Alto

Alto is a tool that turns your Apple Notes into a website, allowing you to create a blog or share notes easily. Each note becomes a page on your site, and you can include text, images, audio, and video.

Key Points:

• Easy to Use: Just install the Alto macOS app and publish your notes with one click—there's no complicated setup.
• Resources Available: You can find more information about the app, how it compares to Montaigne, and documentation online.
• Newsletter Option: Consider using Recuremail if you want to start a newsletter.
• Support: You can contact them via email for questions, and there are options to support Alto's development with a one-time payment of $5 or a monthly payment of $4.

For more details on pricing and features, you can check their website.

No summary available.

No summary available.

In 1999, Robert Bogucki, an American, intentionally entered the Great Sandy Desert in Australia, leading to a massive search operation when he went missing. After 43 days alone, he was found alive, becoming a known survival story, but leaving many questions unanswered about his motives and what he learned during his ordeal.

Years later, Robert returned to the desert to meet the Aboriginal elder, Merridoo Walbidi, who was part of the search team. Their reunion highlighted the different perspectives on survival: Robert sought a spiritual journey, while Merridoo understood the intrinsic dangers of the desert.

The search began when tourists discovered Bogucki's belongings, sparking a significant police operation. Initially, there was confusion as Robert was not truly lost; he intended to be in the desert alone. The search included local Aboriginal trackers and gained international media attention, especially when an American rescue team joined in, intensifying the search.

Ultimately, Robert's survival was miraculous, and he described his experience as a spiritual awakening despite facing extreme conditions. His actions, however, sparked public criticism for being reckless and selfish, leading him to apologize and donate to the search costs.

Now, after 26 years, Robert returned to honor the Aboriginal trackers, marking a moment of closure and reflection on their different experiences in the desert. The reunion served to bridge their worlds and acknowledge the deep connection and respect for the land and its history.

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Summary of the Petition to Repeal the Online Safety Act

A petition has been created to urge the government to repeal the Online Safety Act. The main concerns are:

• The Act is seen as overly broad and restrictive, affecting online hobby forums that cannot comply with its requirements, leading to their shutdown.
• The petitioners believe that the government should create more balanced laws that do not stifle free discussion about topics like trains, football, video games, and pets due to the actions of a few bad actors.

The petition currently has 85,857 signatures and needs 100,000 to be considered for a debate in Parliament. It will receive a government response once it surpasses 10,000 signatures. The deadline for this petition is October 22, 2025.

Many people on Hacker News are doubtful about the current excitement around AI and think it might not last long. For instance, a lackluster release of GPT-5 in August could signal a downturn. This could also affect the stock prices of big tech companies that invest heavily in AI. The key question is: what is your backup plan? Are you spreading out your investments to safeguard your money, or are you taking everything out and keeping it safe at home?

A bug was found in Apache HTTP Server version 2.4.64, specifically affecting the 'RewriteCond expr' feature, which caused all related tests to evaluate as true. This issue has been identified as CVE-2025-54090. To fix this problem, users are advised to update to version 2.4.65. The fix was committed on July 21, 2025, by Eric Covener, and involved a change in the code to ensure that the condition evaluation works correctly.

An 18-year-old named Ewin Tang has made a significant breakthrough in computing by demonstrating that classical computers can solve the "recommendation problem" almost as quickly as quantum computers. This finding challenges a key example that supported the advantages of quantum computing.

The recommendation problem is about suggesting products (like movies on Netflix) based on user preferences. Previously, researchers believed quantum computers could solve this problem much faster than classical ones. In 2016, two scientists, Kerenidis and Prakash, developed a quantum algorithm that did just that.

Tang, under the guidance of his professor Scott Aaronson, initially set out to prove that no fast classical algorithm existed for this problem. However, he eventually discovered a more efficient classical algorithm inspired by the quantum approach. His algorithm runs significantly faster than any previously known classical methods.

Tang's work highlights the ongoing interaction between classical and quantum computing, showing that while he has diminished one of the main examples of quantum speedup, he has also advanced the understanding of classical algorithms. His findings are currently under peer review for publication.

This blog post discusses the value of learning music and programming through covers and reimplementations.

1. Learning Music: When starting with music, you need to master various skills like playing your instrument, understanding styles, and recording. Since music is subjective, it can be challenging to assess your progress. Playing covers allows you to compare your performance to the original, helping you learn specific techniques and understand the reasoning behind them.

2. Learning Programming: Similarly, the author shares a friend's experience learning C++ by reimplementing parts of the Boost library. This method involves studying the original code, understanding its structure, and then creating your version without copying. This approach helps deepen understanding of programming concepts.

3. Judgment on Originality: The author acknowledges that there’s often criticism of creating covers or reimplementing existing work. However, they encourage pursuing these projects, as they provide valuable learning opportunities. If others have done similar work, you can learn from their approaches.

4. Giving Credit: It’s important to acknowledge the original creators when using their work, whether in music or programming.

Overall, the post emphasizes that learning through imitation and reimplementation is a valid and effective way to build skills.

Summary: Working on a Programming Language in the Age of LLMs

The author has been developing a programming language called Rye since 2018, driven by a passion for creating something valuable. They acknowledge that we are now in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs), which can generate code from prompts effectively. However, the idea of convincing programmers to switch to a new language is challenging, especially when the trend is moving towards using natural language instead of traditional programming languages.

Currently, LLMs still rely on existing programming languages and resources like tutorials and blog posts. There is a concern that if LLMs become too successful, they might undermine the need for these languages, potentially leading to their obsolescence.

The main question posed is whether it makes sense to continue developing Rye. The author argues that while natural language can describe solutions, it may not be the best way to express specific programming needs. Specialized programming languages are better suited for precise tasks, similar to how specialized tools outperform general tools.

Languages serve not only as communication tools but also as frameworks for thinking. Losing precise programming languages could hinder our ability to think clearly about computational problems.

Finally, the author reflects on whether LLMs can produce original ideas or if they merely recombine existing knowledge. Despite these concerns, they believe that developing new programming languages is still important, perhaps more than ever.

The transfunctions library in Python helps manage code by differentiating between synchronous (sync) and asynchronous (async) functions using templates. This approach reduces code duplication, allowing developers to generate various types of functions from a single template.

Key Points:

1. Installation and Usage: You can install the library using pip install transfunctions and use it by importing specific functions and decorators.

2. Function Types: By creating a template function, you can generate:

   • A regular function
   • An asynchronous function
   • A generator function

3. Code Duplication Issue: The library addresses the problem of duplicated code in Python's ecosystem due to the different ways async functions are marked (with async and await keywords). It offers a templating solution that does not require major changes to Python syntax.

4. Markers: The library uses markers to denote specific blocks of code that should be included in the generated functions. For example, sync_context, async_context, and generator_context determine the type of function generated.

5. Superfunctions: A powerful feature that allows the creation of a single function that behaves differently based on how it is called (as a regular function, async function, or generator). You can use a tilde (~) before the function name to call it as a regular function.

6. Limitations: There are certain restrictions when using third-party decorators with templates, and using keywords like await or yield must be done correctly to avoid exceptions during function generation.

Overall, transfunctions simplifies the creation and management of different function types in Python, reducing redundant code and enhancing code clarity.

The text discusses the creation of a "zip bomb," which is a type of file that is small in size but can consume a lot of resources when processed. The goal is to disrupt web crawlers used by large language models (LLMs), which often ignore rules meant to limit their activity.

Key points include:

• Problem: Aggressive web crawlers do not respect the robots.txt file, making traditional solutions like IP blocking ineffective.
• Solution: Create a zip bomb that exhausts the crawlers' RAM by using valid HTML.
• Method:
  • The author designed an HTML page that includes a large comment filled with repeated characters, making it valid HTML while still serving as a zip bomb.
  • The zip bomb is compressed using gzip and can be served by Nginx, which is configured to serve compressed files without storing the large uncompressed version on the server.
• Testing:
  • The resulting file crashes web browsers when they try to load it, demonstrating its effectiveness against automated crawlers.
  • The author also created a version using brotli compression, which is even more efficient.

Overall, the approach focuses on exploiting the resource requirements of processing the zip bomb compared to detecting it, aiming to thwart web crawlers that don't follow guidelines.

An Arizona woman named Christina Chapman has been sentenced to 8.5 years in federal prison for her role in a scheme that allowed North Korean IT workers to defraud U.S. companies out of millions of dollars. Chapman helped these workers obtain remote jobs by disguising their identities and managing their laptops, which she referred to as a "laptop farm."

The scheme involved around 309 American businesses and resulted in approximately $17.1 million in salaries being paid to North Koreans posing as U.S. employees. Some victims had their identities stolen, facing financial issues and tax liabilities as a result.

U.S. officials highlighted that this case is part of a larger effort to combat North Korea's evasion of sanctions and its attempts to infiltrate American businesses. The U.S. Attorney emphasized the threat North Korea poses to U.S. security and the importance of corporate vigilance in hiring remote workers. The scheme reportedly generates between $250 million to $600 million annually for North Korea, funding its nuclear weapons program.

The editorial discusses the importance of human-generated scientific writing, emphasizing that writing helps researchers think more clearly and organize their ideas. While large-language models (LLMs) can generate scientific articles quickly, they lack accountability and can produce incorrect information, requiring careful editing and verification. LLMs can be useful for improving grammar, summarizing literature, and overcoming writer's block, but relying entirely on them may hinder critical thinking and creativity in presenting research. The editorial calls for continued appreciation of the writing process as a valuable aspect of scientific inquiry.

Efrit - AI-Powered Emacs Coding Assistant

Efrit is an AI assistant designed for Emacs that helps with coding through conversational interactions and command execution. It offers several interfaces:

• efrit-chat: For multi-turn conversations about coding.
• efrit-do: To execute quick tasks using natural language.
• efrit: A command interface for structured tasks.
• efrit-agent-run: For advanced automation over multiple steps.

Key Features:

• Uses Emacs' built-in Elisp features for coding.
• Maintains context in conversations.
• Can run Emacs functions and manage buffers.
• Designed with safety features and error handling.
• Works with any Emacs theme.

Installation Requirements:

• Emacs version 28.1 or later.
• Anthropic API key.
• Internet connection for API access.

Quick Installation Steps:

1. Clone the repository and navigate to the folder.
2. Add Efrit to your Emacs configuration.
3. Configure your API key.
4. Restart Emacs and use the command M-x efrit-chat to start.

Usage Commands:

• M-x efrit-chat: Start a conversation.
• M-x efrit-do: Execute a command.
• M-x efrit: Command interface.
• M-x efrit-agent-run: Start an advanced automation loop.

Examples of Use:

• Create content in multiple buffers with efrit-do.
• Modify existing work through conversational context.
• Execute quick commands like opening a buffer or finding comments.

Configuration Options:

• Customize model settings and token limits.
• Set up multi-turn conversation behaviors.
• Allow for debugging if needed.

Troubleshooting Common Issues:

• Check the load path if files can't be opened.
• Ensure the API key is correctly set up.
• Verify internet connection if there are timeouts.

Development and Contribution:

• Guidance on building, testing, and contributing to the code is provided in the documentation.

Version History: The latest version (v0.2.0) includes various stability and feature enhancements.

License: Efrit is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Efrit integrates AI with the capabilities of Emacs to enhance coding productivity.

Kotlindetekt is a tool that helps you write cleaner Kotlin code, allowing you to focus on building great software. It easily integrates into various projects using Gradle, Maven, or Bazel, and provides static analysis for Android, JVM, JS, Native, and Multiplatform projects. You can also add custom rules to detect and fix code issues. As an open-source project, it's community-driven, and you can contribute to its development on GitHub.

Lumo is a new AI assistant designed to prioritize user privacy and confidentiality. Unlike many other AI services that exploit user data for profit, Lumo operates without keeping logs of conversations and employs strong encryption to ensure that users' information remains private and secure.

Key features of Lumo include:

• No Logs: It does not store conversations, protecting against data breaches.
• Zero-Access Encryption: Chats are encrypted, so even Lumo cannot read them.
• No Data Sharing: User data is not shared with third parties.
• Not Used for AI Training: Personal data is not utilized to train the AI model, avoiding risks for users.
• Open-Source: Lumo is built on open-source technology, ensuring transparency.

Lumo can assist with various tasks, such as summarizing documents or answering sensitive questions, without compromising user privacy. It is available for free without the need for an account and is part of the Proton privacy ecosystem, which is trusted by over 100 million users globally.

Users can start using Lumo easily through the website or by downloading the app for Android or iOS. There's also a premium version, Lumo Plus, for those needing more features. Additionally, Proton is investing in European infrastructure to enhance privacy and security.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Normalization layers are commonly used in neural networks, but this study shows that Transformers can perform just as well, or even better, without them. The researchers introduced a new technique called Dynamic Tanh (DyT), which can replace normalization layers. DyT uses a simple formula, inspired by how normalization typically behaves in Transformers. By using DyT, Transformers can achieve similar or improved results without needing much adjustment of settings. The effectiveness of DyT was tested in various tasks, including recognition, generation, and across different fields like computer vision and language processing. This challenges the belief that normalization layers are necessary for effective neural networks and provides new insights into their function.

CDimension has created a new method to grow 2D semiconductors directly on silicon without causing damage. This innovation could potentially reduce the time needed to develop 2D transistors from ten years to just five years.

Bus Bunching Summary

Bus bunching occurs when two or more buses on the same route get delayed and start to cluster together. This usually happens if one bus, like Bus B, gets stuck in traffic and arrives late at stops. As it picks up passengers who were waiting for the next bus (Bus C), it gets delayed even more. Meanwhile, Bus C has fewer passengers and can move faster, causing it to catch up to Bus B.

To address this issue, planners can set time limits for how long buses stop or encourage passengers to wait for the next bus, which might be less crowded. Northern Arizona University improved its bus service by eliminating strict schedules and allowing buses to wait at stops to keep a consistent spacing. However, simply adding more buses to the route does not solve the problem.

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In July 2025, the author completed a unique challenge by drinking all 102 cocktails on the International Bartenders Association (IBA) official cocktail list, which features the most popular cocktail recipes worldwide. The journey began when the author turned 21 and started keeping track of the classic cocktails they tried. Over the years, they expanded their list to align with the IBA's, which categorizes cocktails into three groups: Unforgettables, Contemporary, and New Era.

The author shared experiences from various bars, highlighting both easy and challenging cocktails to find. They encountered some obscure drinks, like the monkey gland and Ve.n.to, and even traveled to London to try specific cocktails. However, an unexpected update to the IBA list during their journey added new cocktails, complicating their task.

To complete the challenge, the author hosted a party for their 24th birthday, preparing the final cocktail, the IBA Tiki, at home. Throughout this experience, they learned about different cocktail styles and bartending, discovering personal preferences along the way. The author plans to continue exploring new culinary and adventure challenges beyond cocktails.

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A recent investigation found that Grindr, a dating app, blocks users from adding "no Zionists" to their profiles while allowing similar phrases expressing other political, religious, or ethnic preferences. Users reported receiving error messages when trying to include "no Zionists," while phrases like "no Arabs" or "no Blacks" were accepted. This restriction is not mentioned in Grindr's terms of service, which generally prohibits objectionable content.

In 2020, Grindr had announced the removal of its ethnicity filter to combat racism, but reports indicated that this change was not promptly implemented. The app's founder is Israeli, and concerns have been raised about anti-Zionist sentiments on dating platforms. Some users express frustration with Grindr's policies, feeling they prioritize certain ideologies over the protection of marginalized groups. Grindr has not commented on the issues raised.

Sam Cole, the author, covers topics related to sexuality, the adult industry, and online culture.

The traditional belief that resting meat helps retain its juices is being challenged. New insights suggest that resting meat is more about managing temperature than preserving moisture.

Key points include:

1. Resting Purpose: Resting meat allows it to cool slightly and helps control "carryover cooking," which can lead to overcooking if meat is sliced immediately after cooking.

2. Juice Retention Myths: While many believe resting allows meat to reabsorb juices, recent studies indicate that the amount of juice lost is more closely related to the meat's internal temperature at the time of slicing, rather than the resting period itself.

3. Scientific Evidence: Experiments show that if the final internal temperature is consistent, resting does not significantly affect juice loss. The real factor is the vapor pressure within the meat, which decreases as it cools.

4. Sensory Tests: A recent taste test found that tasters could not reliably distinguish between rested and unrested meat regarding juiciness, indicating that any differences might be negligible.

5. Practical Advice: Instead of adhering to fixed resting times, cooks should focus on monitoring the meat's internal temperature closely and pull it from heat before it reaches the target temperature, allowing it to rest just long enough to avoid overcooking.

The conclusion is that resting is beneficial, but its timing and method should prioritize temperature control rather than merely waiting for a set period.

The article discusses the concept of tram-trains as a cost-effective transit solution for smaller cities and towns, addressing the common issue where railway lines do not extend into city centers. By using "through running" instead of terminating trains, cities can increase train frequency and speed for passengers traveling across the city.

Karlsruhe, Germany, serves as a key example of successful tram-train implementation. The city connected its tram network to existing suburban railway lines, allowing easier access to the city center without requiring passengers to switch modes of transport. This system has significantly increased ridership and efficiency.

Tram-trains, however, have trade-offs. They are generally slower than conventional trains due to sharing road space, and their capacity is limited compared to dedicated train systems. In contrast, some larger cities have opted to convert railway lines exclusively for tram use, improving service frequency.

The article suggests that cities like Oxford, Tours, and Charlotte could benefit from adopting tram-train systems, utilizing existing infrastructures to improve public transport access. Overall, tram-trains represent a promising option for enhancing urban mobility in smaller cities, offering a balance between cost-effectiveness and improved transit connectivity.

No summary available.