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In July 2025, there's a call for a shift from AI "copilots" to AI "HUDs" (Head-Up Displays) in software design. This idea is inspired by Mark Weiser's 1992 critique of AI agents, where he argued that instead of having virtual assistants that interrupt us (like copilots), we should create tools that enhance our awareness without demanding attention.

Weiser used the analogy of flying a plane: rather than relying on a copilot to warn you of dangers, a well-designed cockpit would help you naturally avoid collisions. He envisioned an "invisible computer" that seamlessly integrates with human actions.

Modern examples of HUDs include spellcheck, which passively alerts users to mistakes, and custom debugging tools that provide insights into program behavior without a chat interface. These tools enhance our understanding and capabilities, rather than acting as assistants.

The article acknowledges that while HUDs may not always be better than copilots, designers should consider alternatives that empower users. For routine tasks, a copilot might be suitable, but for complex challenges, tools that enhance human skills may be more effective.

Overall, the focus is on designing technology that supports human intuition and skill rather than relying on automated assistance.

Debian, a popular Linux distribution, is updating its system to use 64-bit time to avoid the "year 2038 problem," also known as the Unix Epochalypse. This issue arises when the time stored as seconds since January 1, 1970, exceeds what can be represented by a 32-bit integer, which could cause systems to malfunction starting January 19, 2038.

To address this, Debian will implement 64-bit time in its upcoming release, Debian 13 "Trixie." However, older hardware that relies on 32-bit systems will not be updated. The change affects numerous packages, but the Debian team believes they have successfully completed the transition.

While many modern systems are safe because they use 64-bit hardware, Debian is still relevant for older devices, particularly in cost-sensitive sectors like automotive and IoT. The existing 32-bit architecture will remain available for compatibility, but a push for a new 64-bit architecture could happen if there is enough interest.

Overall, this proactive move aims to prevent future issues similar to those seen during the Y2K scare.

A user created a website that allows people to make photomosaics as gifts. A photomosaic is a big picture made up of many smaller images. The tool works directly in your web browser, meaning you don’t need to upload files or sign up to use it.

In a recent blog post, John Graham-Cumming discusses his project to connect his vintage KIM-1 computer from 1976 to a modern Mac. He believes that old hardware should still be functional rather than just collectible. The KIM-1 was designed to work with a terminal, specifically a Teletype, using a current loop interface instead of the more common voltage-based connections.

He had an adapter kit for converting RS-232 to the current loop, which he modified to work with the KIM-1. The modification involved changing how the connection handled data reception. After building the adapter and making necessary adjustments, he successfully established communication between the KIM-1 and his Mac at 1200 baud.

John also noted that he can emulate loading programs from punched tape, which simplifies uploading software to the KIM-1. Overall, the project showcases the blend of retro technology with modern computing.

A user tested Trae, a version of VSCode developed by ByteDance, and found several concerning issues:

1. High Resource Use: Trae consumes significantly more RAM and runs more processes compared to standard VSCode, even after improvements.

2. Telemetry Problems: Disabling telemetry settings does not stop data from being sent to ByteDance servers; in fact, it seems to increase data collection.

3. Data Being Sent: Even with telemetry turned off, Trae collects detailed information about hardware, user IDs, OS version, and usage statistics.

4. Censorship: The user faced censorship on Trae's official Discord when trying to discuss these privacy concerns, suggesting there is a ban on discussing tracking issues.

The user warns that these issues—heavy resource consumption, ineffective privacy controls, and censorship—are significant concerns for developers. More detailed evidence and analysis can be found in the linked post.

The author discusses their implementation of a Cuckoo Filter in C#. They initially used an array of bytes for the filter's hash table but found that representing each bucket as a 32-bit integer (uint) improved lookup speed. This change allowed for faster comparisons by using bit manipulation techniques.

Key points include:

• The original filter used a byte array with 4 slots per bucket, which led to a straightforward lookup process.
• Switching to a uint array allowed for more efficient lookups, achieving a 35% speed increase.
• The author explored bitwise operations to further optimize the lookup process, using techniques to identify zero bytes without traditional loops, which resulted in over 60% faster positive lookups and more than double the speed for negative lookups compared to the original implementation.
• The final lookup method, while less readable, significantly enhanced performance and was well-documented for maintainability.

In conclusion, the author emphasizes the value of this optimization effort, even though they remain cautious about using complex bit manipulation in production code.

Traditional computing systems face challenges due to slow data movement between memory and processing units, especially as technology advances. This slows down performance and increases energy use, which is problematic for data-heavy applications. A new approach called photonic in-memory computing uses light for faster data processing and lower energy consumption.

This research introduces a new type of memory called differential photonic static random access memory (pSRAM), which allows for quick data storage and ultra-fast Boolean operations, like XOR computations. The new X-pSRAM bitcell can perform operations at speeds over 10 GHz using light instead of electricity. It also supports multiple computations at once, improving efficiency.

Tested on a specific manufacturing process, the X-pSRAM uses very little energy (13.2 femtojoules per bit) for these operations. This development is a significant step toward advanced optical computing, which could benefit areas like cryptography, complex computing, and artificial intelligence.

The article reviews Adam Aleksic's book, Algospeak: How Social Media Is Transforming the Future of Language, which discusses how language is evolving in the age of social media and algorithms. Aleksic argues that we are at a pivotal moment in communication, with new words and expressions emerging rapidly due to the influence of personalized online content. He highlights the concept of "algospeak," where linguistic changes are shaped by social media algorithms, similar to trends in the past like leetspeak.

Aleksic sees this transformation as a sign of human creativity and adaptability, viewing new slang terms like "unalive" or the catchy "Rizzler song" as innovative responses to online environments. However, the article also points out the darker aspects of algospeak, including how certain terms from niche communities, like incels, can spread harmful ideologies as they enter mainstream discourse. Additionally, the appropriation of African American English (AAE) into internet slang raises concerns about cultural dilution and racism.

The review acknowledges the potential benefits of algospeak as a form of playful language but warns about the negative impact on literacy rates and deep engagement with literature. With growing evidence of declining reading skills among Americans, the author questions whether the rise of algospeak is ultimately beneficial or detrimental to our cultural and linguistic landscape. Overall, while Aleksic remains optimistic about the evolution of language, the article suggests we must critically examine the implications of these changes in the context of social media and cultural power dynamics.

Google's Linux Terminal app for Android has been updated to run graphical Linux applications in its latest Canary build, which is an exciting development. This feature allows users to launch full desktop applications that aren't available on Android. A new "Display" button in the Terminal app opens a graphical environment, enabling the use of Linux software and games with hardware acceleration for better performance.

Initially, the Terminal app could only run command-line programs, but now users can access a graphical interface by typing the 'weston' command. This interface is pre-installed and supports applications like Gedit, a text editor.

To enable hardware acceleration, users need to create a specific file in the app's directory. This enhancement allows for the possibility of running more powerful Linux programs and PC games on Android devices, although further compatibility work is needed, especially for devices with ARM CPUs.

While this feature is currently available in the Canary build, it is unclear when it will be released to Beta or Stable versions, though it might come with the upcoming Android 16 update.

In 2023, connecting two devices directly can be challenging. A solution called "dumb pipe" helps by bypassing network barriers and using temporary identifiers for devices. It also keeps your devices connected even when network conditions change. What you choose to do with this connection is entirely up to you.

Summary:

Aeneas is a new artificial intelligence model designed to help historians better understand and interpret ancient inscriptions from the Roman world. These inscriptions, which include political graffiti, love poems, and business transactions, often come in damaged or fragmentary forms, making them difficult to analyze without context.

Developed in collaboration with several universities, Aeneas can quickly find textual and contextual parallels among thousands of Latin inscriptions, significantly speeding up the historical research process. It can also be adapted for other ancient languages and forms.

Key features of Aeneas include:

• Parallels Search: It identifies connections between inscriptions, helping historians place them in context.
• Multimodal Input: Aeneas uses both text and images to determine the geographical origin of an inscription.
• Restoration Capabilities: It can restore gaps in texts, even when the length of the missing text is unknown.
• High Accuracy: Aeneas has demonstrated high accuracy in dating and attributing inscriptions.

In tests, Aeneas provided valuable insights into historical debates, such as the dating of Emperor Augustus' famous inscription, showing a range of possible dates instead of a single prediction.

By integrating AI with historical research, Aeneas aims to enhance historians' work, making it easier to restore and contextualize ancient texts. The tool is available for free to researchers and educators, along with access to its underlying code and dataset. The project also includes educational resources to help teach the intersection of AI and historical analysis.

Summary of the Ultimate Meeting Culture

The ideal meeting culture allows people to confidently decline meetings when their attendance isn't essential. Many office workers struggle with too many meetings that lack clear purpose, leading to wasted time and money. Meetings should primarily focus on brainstorming solutions and making group decisions rather than sharing knowledge, which is better communicated through written texts.

To create an effective meeting culture, clear expectations must be set. Meeting hosts should provide an agenda with time estimates and outline whether decisions will be made. It's crucial to take minutes to document discussions and action items, and meetings should start and end on time.

Attendees should only join meetings if they are interested and prepared, actively participating in discussions. If declining a meeting, they should be aware that they forfeit their chance to influence the outcome but can review the minutes afterward.

The culture should also support leaving meetings early if contributions are complete, and it’s important to keep discussions focused. This structured approach helps reduce FOMO and ensures that meetings are productive and necessary.

In essence, the goal is to minimize unnecessary meetings and make the most of the time spent in them.

In the 1970s, a groundbreaking psychology experiment at the University of California, Berkeley aimed to create realistic simulations of environments for urban planning. Researchers Donald Appleyard and Kenneth Craik, supported by the National Science Foundation, sought to improve how public works projects were presented, making them more relatable to the community. They developed techniques to simulate neighborhoods that influenced the filmmaking industry, particularly through the creation of the Dykstraflex camera system by John Dykstra and his team at Industrial Light & Magic (ILM).

The Dykstraflex system allowed for precise, computer-controlled camera movements, revolutionizing special effects in films like the original "Star Wars." This system enabled filmmakers to create dynamic shots with miniatures that looked incredibly realistic. The research demonstrated that simulations could evoke similar responses in viewers as real environments, leading to a greater understanding of how people perceive space.

The success of this technology extended beyond "Star Wars" to other iconic films and television shows. Although motion control systems eventually gave way to computer-generated effects in the 1990s, there has been a resurgence of interest in using physical miniatures in recent productions, such as in "The Mandalorian." The legacy of the Berkeley experiment continues, influencing both urban planning and film, and highlighting the impact of scientific exploration on creative industries.

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Summary of "Beyond Mouse & Keyboard"

On July 24, 2025, Dalai Felinto discussed plans to enhance Blender for multi-touch devices like tablets, including the Apple iPad Pro and others. The goal is to make Blender's powerful 3D tools more accessible on these platforms by adapting the user interface for touch and pen input.

Key Points:

• Target Devices: Tablets like the iPad, Microsoft Surface, and Wacom MovinkPad will be primary focuses.
• User Experience: Blender aims to provide a complete experience for all users, regardless of whether they use desktops or tablets.
• Initial Focus: The first features to be developed will be basic object manipulation and sculpting, with more complex tools added later.
• Design Challenges: Tablets have limitations like smaller screens and lack of traditional keyboard/mouse, which will be addressed through new design approaches.
• User Interface Mockups: Initial designs show how Blender could function in a single-window format with easy access to tools and editors.
• Development Plans: A separate development branch will focus on tablet-specific features, with improvements also benefiting regular desktop users.
• Next Steps: A tech demo will be showcased at SIGGRAPH 2025, followed by a workshop to refine the design.

The project is still in early stages and requires support and resources to develop further.

The author shares their experience of hacking a washing machine, primarily for fun and as a challenge. They wanted to connect it to their Discord server to receive notifications when laundry cycles finish. The washing machine is a cheap "smart" model that can send notifications through a mobile app, but only one user can connect at a time, which complicates things.

Living in a shared house with other cybersecurity students, they found the washing machine's Wi-Fi connection amusing and decided to explore its capabilities. They initially tried to reverse engineer the app but realized most communication was handled by the washing machine itself. They used a router to capture network traffic and discovered that the washing machine was sending encrypted data.

Through trial and error, they figured out how to decrypt the data and understand the washing machine's API. They created a script that polls the washing machine and sends updates to Discord when the wash cycle changes.

Encouraged by their success, the author plans to hack other appliances in the house and explore more smart home projects, such as monitoring a dishwasher and controlling a TV without a remote. Overall, the project was a mix of practical utility and playful experimentation.

The text discusses how a visually impaired software developer uses a screen reader to code, reading at 800 words per minute (WPM). Here are the key points:

1. Screen Readers: Software that converts screen content into speech or braille. The author uses NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) on Windows, which allows them to navigate and code without needing to see the screen.

2. Understanding Speech: Initially, synthetic speech at high speeds sounds like gibberish, but with practice, the author has learned to comprehend it quickly. They adjust the speed based on task complexity.

3. How Screen Readers Work: They access information from the accessibility tree of applications, which must expose UI elements properly for compatibility.

4. Why Windows?: Windows is preferred for its better accessibility support for screen readers compared to macOS and Linux, which have significant limitations.

5. IDE and Tools: The author uses Visual Studio Code (VS Code) due to its strong accessibility features and consistent keyboard shortcuts. They also rely on other accessible tools for documentation and collaboration.

6. Infrastructure as Code: The shift towards Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enhances accessibility by allowing configuration through text files rather than graphical interfaces.

7. Image and Diagram Handling: Screen readers cannot interpret images, so the author relies on alt text and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and uses markup languages for diagrams.

8. Collaboration Challenges: Pair programming can be challenging due to the need for simultaneous listening and context sharing. The author prefers other collaborative methods that are less demanding.

9. Learning Strategies: The author learns efficiently through text and uses tools like e-books and online documentation, while navigating challenges with video content.

10. Conclusion: The post emphasizes the importance of accessibility in software development and encourages awareness of how coding practices affect accessibility. The author finds fulfillment in their work despite the challenges faced.

Overall, the text provides insight into the experiences and strategies of a visually impaired developer in navigating the software development landscape.

In a blog post dated July 24, 2025, the author shares how they improved their blog's performance by creating a new Jekyll plugin called jekyll-skyhook. Initially, they expected their posts to be indexed by Google after submission, but found that Google wasn't indexing most of their pages. The main reasons for this included poor content, lack of backlinks, and poor website performance.

To address performance issues, the author analyzed their blog using Google PageSpeed Insights, which revealed a low score of 43 out of 100. Key problems identified included:

1. Google Fonts: The author switched to self-hosting fonts instead of using Google’s CDN.
2. YouTube Embedding: They replaced the default YouTube embed code with a recommended third-party library for better performance.
3. Image Optimization: They realized their image handling was inefficient, using only high-resolution images without responsive formats or lazy loading.

Since existing solutions for image optimization in Jekyll were outdated, the author created jekyll-skyhook. This plugin offers features such as:

• Image transformations (resizing and format conversion)
• Automatic responsive images
• Cache-busting digests for asset URLs
• Simplified CSS asset management

After implementing these changes, the author significantly improved their PageSpeed score to 99 out of 100. They concluded by emphasizing the importance of focusing on content creation and sharing it on social media.

For more details, the jekyll-skyhook plugin is available on GitHub.

In Flanders, 230 intersections have been fitted with "intelligent traffic lights" that change based on real-time traffic conditions. About 200,000 drivers and cyclists can use a specific app to make these lights turn green faster, especially at quiet times, like late at night. However, popular navigation apps like Google Maps and Waze are not participating, limiting the system's reach. Only smaller apps currently allow users to influence traffic lights.

While the technology is effective—especially for emergency services like ambulances and fire trucks, which can get green lights to respond more quickly—there is a need for larger app developers to join the project. The Flemish Roads Agency is in talks with these big players, but no agreements have been made yet. The goal is to integrate the technology into widely-used apps and car systems to benefit more road users.

Summary:

Jacob Jackson explores how to intentionally slow down a Postgres database by adjusting its configuration settings. Instead of focusing on speed, he sets out to create a setup that processes queries as slowly as possible.

Key Points:

1. Challenge and Setup: He aims to make Postgres operate inefficiently while still functioning. The tests use TPC-C benchmarks on a powerful machine to measure performance.

2. Reducing Cache Size: By lowering the shared_buffers setting from 10GB to as low as 2MB, he significantly increases the number of read requests, causing a major slowdown.

3. Increasing Background Work: He configures the autovacuum settings to run excessively often, which slows performance by continually checking for empty space in the database.

4. Write Ahead Log (WAL) Inefficiency: He modifies WAL settings to ensure inefficient flushing and frequent checkpoints, further degrading performance.

5. Disabling Index Use: By manipulating costs associated with random page access, he effectively prevents the use of indexes, leading to slower queries.

6. Single-Threaded I/O: Finally, he forces I/O operations to run on a single thread, which drastically reduces transaction processing speed to less than 0.1 transactions per second.

7. Final Result: After all adjustments, the database operates over 42,000 times slower than the default settings, demonstrating how drastically performance can be impacted by configuration changes.

Jackson concludes that a few hours of tweaking settings can heavily degrade Postgres performance and encourages others to experiment with similar configurations.

No summary available.

Claude Code Router Overview

The Claude Code Router is a tool that helps manage requests to different AI models, allowing customization and flexibility in how these requests are handled.

Key Features

• Model Routing: Direct requests to specific models based on their purpose (e.g., thinking, background tasks).
• Support for Multiple Providers: Works with various model sources like OpenRouter, DeepSeek, and others.
• Transformation Capabilities: Modify requests and responses for compatibility with different providers.
• Dynamic Model Switching: Change models during runtime using the /model command.
• GitHub Actions Integration: Automate Claude Code tasks within GitHub workflows.
• Plugin System: Add custom features through transformers.

Setting Up

1. Installation:

   • First, install Claude Code: npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code
   • Then, install the router: npm install -g @musistudio/claude-code-router

2. Configuration:

   • Create a configuration file at ~/.claude-code-router/config.json with options for proxy, logging, API keys, and routing rules.

3. Running the Router:

   • Start the router with the command: ccr code
   • Restart the service after any configuration changes: ccr restart

Providers and Transformers

• Providers: Define various AI model sources, including their API endpoints and models.
• Transformers: Customize how requests and responses are processed. You can apply transformers globally or to specific models.

Router Configuration

• The router determines which model to use based on the task type, like general, background, or long context tasks.
• You can also create custom routing logic by specifying a custom router script.

GitHub Actions

• Integrate the router into CI/CD pipelines by modifying workflow files to use Claude Code actions.

Conclusion

The Claude Code Router is a versatile tool for managing AI model requests, making it easier to integrate and automate various tasks within projects.

The text is asking someone about their current projects or tasks and if they have any new ideas in mind.

The current digital identity landscape is chaotic, with personal information scattered across various platforms and organizations, often without user knowledge or control. This has led to numerous inaccuracies and inconsistencies in data, which can have real-world consequences, such as denied services based on faulty information.

Existing privacy laws focus on data confidentiality but often overlook data integrity, which is crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable personal information. Errors in data can lead to serious issues, like wrongful arrests or denied opportunities.

Many attempts to correct this situation have had limited success, as users often struggle to access or amend their data across different platforms. A shift in focus is needed—from simply concealing data or relinquishing control—to finding solutions that prioritize data integrity while allowing for privacy and sharing.

The Solid protocol, created by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, offers a new approach. It allows users to store their data in personal "data wallets," giving them ownership and control over their information. This protocol decouples data from applications, enabling users to share specific data as needed without losing control.

Solid promotes a system where users define who can access their data through clear permissions, reducing fragmentation and enhancing security. This model can revolutionize various sectors, such as healthcare, finance, and education, by allowing individuals to maintain verified records while participating in data sharing ethically.

Overall, Solid represents a significant shift towards user-centered data management, making it possible for individuals to control their digital identities in a more reliable and secure manner.

Summary: Become a Jujutsu Master in 1 Hour

This workshop, created by Jimmy Koppel, Ph.D., aims to help you quickly learn JJ, a new version control system that simplifies tasks like managing commits and pull requests compared to git. The author shares his struggles transitioning to JJ and wants to help others avoid the same challenges.

Workshop Steps:

1. Watch the Intro Video: Less than 6 minutes.
2. Complete the Exercises: There are 8 exercises designed to teach you essential workflows, from creating commits to resolving merge conflicts. This should take 1-2 hours for beginners.
3. Watch the Conclusion Video: Less than 6 minutes.

Helpful Resources: If you get stuck, video solutions for each exercise are provided.

This workshop focuses on practical experience rather than just discussing JJ's benefits.

No summary available.

Lit Hub encourages readers to join their community and stay updated on popular literary discussions. Recent highlights include:

1. Best Reviewed Books: Weekly lists of top-reviewed books are shared, with notable recommendations on July 18 and July 25, 2025.

2. Controversial Books: The Defense Department is considering banning some unusual book titles, as reported on July 16, 2025.

3. Language Trends: An article discusses how TikTok is changing the English language, published on July 15, 2025.

4. Re-Reading Benefits: There’s a piece celebrating the joys of re-reading books, featured on July 14, 2025.

5. Upcoming Releases: New books are set to be released, including titles focused on crime and psychological themes, with articles covering these on July 28 and July 25, 2025.

Overall, Lit Hub provides a range of articles focusing on book recommendations, language evolution, and literary trends.

Summary of Multiplex

Multiplex Overview:

• Multiplex is a command-line tool and Python API that allows users to run multiple processes simultaneously and manage their outputs easily. It can shut down processes gracefully and is useful for applications needing to run several programs together, like a web server and database.

Installation:

• Multiplex can be installed via:
  • PyPI: pip install multiplex-sh
  • uv: uv tool install multiplex-sh
  • Direct download: Use curl to download the script.

Basic Usage:

• Commands are structured as [KEY][+DELAY][|ACTIONS]=COMMAND.
• KEY is an identifier for processes.
• DELAY can be time-based (e.g., +5) or process-based (e.g., +A waits for process A).
• ACTIONS modify behavior, such as terminating other processes with |end.

Command Examples:

• Run a simple command: multiplex "python -m http.server"
• Run a command after a delay: multiplex "+5=python -m http.server"
• Run commands sequentially: multiplex "A=python -m http.server" "+A=ab -n1000 http://localhost:8000/"

Global Options:

• Set a timeout to terminate all processes after a specified time with -t.

Examples and Patterns:

• The examples directory provides practical scripts showcasing various features, including:
  • Sequential execution
  • Time-based delays
  • Process dependencies
  • Real-world scenarios like development environments and CI/CD pipelines.

Advanced Features:

• Multiplex supports special cases, like handling commands with equals signs and utilizing various actions for process control.

By using Multiplex, you can efficiently manage and coordinate multiple processes from the command line.

Summary: How Big Can I Print My Image?

To print an image clearly, it needs a resolution that is sharper than what the human eye can see, typically around 1 arcminute (1/60th of a degree). Here are the key points for printing at various distances:

1. Resolution Requirements:

   • For viewing at 1 meter (about arm's length), aim for a feature size of 1/87th of an inch.
   • For 2 meters, 1/43rd of an inch is acceptable.
   • For close examination at 50 cm, aim for 1/172nd of an inch.

2. Pixels Per Inch (PPI):

   • Different viewing distances require different PPI:
     • 4 meters: 43 PPI
     • 2 meters: 87 PPI
     • 1 meter: 170 PPI
     • 50 cm: 350 PPI
     • 25 cm: 700 PPI

3. Image Quality:

   • If the image looks pixelated when zoomed in, print it at double the required resolution.
   • If it looks blurry, measure sharp edges and adjust the resolution accordingly.

4. Example Calculation:

   • For a good print at 1 meter, with a feature size of 1/87th of an inch, you need 870 PPI.
   • If your image is 3000x3000 pixels, it would print at about 3.4 inches wide at 870 PPI.

5. Testing Resolution:

   • You can test your eye's resolution by zooming into an image and measuring the distance at which details blend together. This helps you adjust the PPI needed based on your eyesight.

In summary, the size you can print your image depends on the viewing distance and the required resolution for sharpness. Adjust your printing settings based on these factors for the best results.

Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of JavaScript runtimes and engines, allowing the language to be used in various environments like cloud computing, mobile devices, smart TVs, and microcontrollers.

Key points include:

1. Diverse Runtimes: JavaScript runtimes like Node.js, Cloudflare Workers, and Deno have emerged to cater to different computing needs, especially in edge computing and serverless contexts. This has led to a competitive landscape with various engines such as V8, JavaScriptCore, and QuickJS being used.

2. Microcontrollers: Many JavaScript engines are too large for microcontrollers, which are tiny computers with limited resources. Special lightweight engines like Duktape and JerryScript have been developed to run JavaScript on these devices.

3. Polyglot Engines: Some JavaScript engines allow interoperability with other programming languages, enabling developers to use JavaScript alongside languages like Java, C#, and Python.

4. Native Apps: JavaScript has found its way into native app development, primarily through frameworks like React Native and Electron. These frameworks allow developers to create cross-platform applications that can run on mobile and desktop devices.

5. Popularity and Market Trends: React Native is gaining popularity for mobile app development, while Electron remains the dominant choice for desktop applications. Smart TVs also have significant JavaScript usage, with various platforms supporting web-based applications.

6. Conclusion: The growth of JavaScript runtimes reflects the demand for running the language in multiple contexts. Each runtime has its strengths, driven by different resource constraints and use cases, ensuring a rich ecosystem for developers.

Overall, JavaScript's versatility continues to make it a leading choice for developers across many domains.

A new HIV prevention drug called Yeztugo, approved by the FDA, offers 100% protection against the virus with just two injections per year. Developed by Gilead Sciences, this innovative medication is designed to help end the HIV epidemic that has persisted for 44 years. Gilead is collaborating with the Global Fund to provide the drug at no profit to reach up to two million people in low- and middle-income countries. The drug has been recognized as a major scientific breakthrough and is expected to significantly improve HIV prevention efforts, especially for those struggling with daily medication adherence. Efforts are underway to ensure affordable access and establish the necessary infrastructure for distribution in various countries.

No summary available.

The text provides an overview of various keyboard-related patents, primarily focusing on those related to IBM and its associated technologies. It includes a gallery of 150 patents covering designs for keyboards, typewriters, keypunches, and integrated pointing devices like TrackPoints. The patents include both utility and design patents, detailing innovations such as keyswitches, ornamental designs, and keyboard layouts used in different computing devices.

Key highlights include:

• A collection of patents related to keyboards and typing technologies.
• Various types of patents, including those for mechanical keypunches, typewriters, and ergonomic keyboard designs.
• Specific historical patents such as the mechanical keypunch invented by Herman Hollerith and the iconic IBM Selectric typewriter design.
• A focus on the evolution of keyboard technology, showcasing how designs have changed over time, including ergonomic and multifunctional keyboards.

Overall, the document serves as a resource for understanding the history and development of keyboard technologies through patents.

Summary:

Lorin Hochstein discusses formal specifications in relation to software programming, particularly in light of Amazon's AI tool, Kiro. He explains that formal specifications differ from regular programs in that they describe a set of acceptable behaviors rather than a sequence of instructions.

Software can be categorized into two types: transformational (single input/output, like a compiler) and reactive (long-running, like flight control systems). He uses a counter as an example, illustrating how its operations can be described in Python.

Formal specifications help determine if a behavior is correct by defining a set of all acceptable behaviors. Since behaviors can be infinite, formal specification languages allow us to describe them without listing every possible outcome. Hochstein emphasizes that specifications can include nondeterminism, which means there are multiple valid ways to extend a behavior.

He highlights that having a formal specification doesn't guarantee its correctness. To verify correctness, properties are defined (like ensuring a counter's output is non-negative) and checked against the specification.

Ultimately, thinking in terms of sets of behaviors is crucial when creating formal specifications, especially when debugging. Understanding these concepts helps identify and resolve errors effectively.

ZUSE IRC Terminal Client Summary

ZUSE is a simple and stylish IRC client for terminal use, created with the Go programming language and the Bubble Tea framework. It allows users to chat quickly and without distractions.

Installation:

• To install, run:

  go install github.com/babycommando/zuse@latest
  

• To build from source, use:

  git clone https://github.com/yourusername/zuse.git
  cd zuse
  go mod tidy
  go build -o zuse # Use zuse.exe for Windows
  

• Make sure to add the compiled file to your system PATH.

Usage:

• Open a terminal and type zuse to start.
• Enter your IRC details and choose your channels to begin chatting.

Keybindings:

• ↑/↓: Scroll chat
• ←/→: Switch panes
• Ctrl+C: Quit

Note: ZUSE is still in beta, so expect some bugs and missing features. For issues, you can report them on the GitHub project page. ZUSE is also included in the Nightride synthwave radio terminal client.

The text refers to a link about Tom Lehrer, a well-known satirist and mathematician, who has passed away. It highlights his contributions to comedy and music, particularly his clever and humorous songs that often satirized various topics. The summary may also include a link to an article with more information about his life and work.

BlueOS Kernel Summary

• Overview: The BlueOS kernel is developed in Rust, emphasizing security, lightweight design, and versatility. It is compatible with POSIX interfaces and includes support for Rust’s standard library.

• Technical Architecture: For more details, visit the BlueOS official website's kernel section.

• Board Support: The kernel supports ARM32, ARM64, RISCV32, and RISCV64 architectures, with QEMU platforms available for these chips. Support for hardware boards is still being developed.

• Repository Contents:

  • apps: Contains shell and example applications in Rust.
  • book: Offers technical documentation and tutorials for kernel development.
  • build: Includes templates and scripts for project compilation.
  • kernel: The core repository with components like CPU architecture support, scheduling, memory management, and more.
  • libc: Header files for BlueOS kernel’s libc, based on rust-lang/libc.
  • librs: Implementation of libc using Rust.

• Getting Started: To begin kernel development, check the documentation for setting up the build environment and customizing the Rust toolchain.

• Further Information: More technical details can be found in the kernel book.

Mobile battery energy storage systems (BESS) are now being used to power heavy equipment in remote areas. Automakers and startups are developing transportable batteries that can handle large loads. These portable batteries are particularly useful in disaster response situations, as demonstrated by organizations like World Central Kitchen, which used a rapid response vehicle to supply power near a fire zone in California.

Large Language Models (LLMs) can learn new patterns in real-time without needing any changes to their internal weights. This happens when they are given examples in prompts, even if they haven't seen those patterns before. The exact way this works is not fully understood. This study suggests that combining a self-attention layer with a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) enables LLMs to adjust the MLP's weights based on the context. The authors provide theoretical and experimental evidence showing that a transformer block can transform context into a specific type of weight update for the MLP layer, helping explain how LLMs learn in context.

No summary available.

Summary:

Britain's private intelligence and security firms are rapidly growing, operating with minimal regulation. These companies often hire former spies, police officers, and military officials to provide services like corporate checks and surveillance, sometimes even engaging in illegal activities.

Government officials have expressed concerns that foreign states are using these firms for espionage and harassment, particularly against dissidents in the U.K. Despite the potential risks to privacy and human rights, the industry lacks significant oversight, leading to unaccountable practices.

London has become a hub for private intelligence, attracting clients from the legal and financial sectors. The work can range from basic due diligence to more controversial activities, including "litigation support" that involves gathering evidence and conducting surveillance. Some firms have faced scandals for unethical practices but continue to operate.

Targets of these firms, including journalists and whistleblowers, report serious invasions of privacy and intimidation. Many victims feel powerless against these well-resourced companies.

While there are calls for better regulation, the industry remains largely unchecked. A new Foreign Influence Registration Scheme aims to provide some oversight, particularly concerning foreign clients, but doubts about its effectiveness persist. Overall, the private intelligence sector operates in a gray area, balancing between legitimate activities and unethical practices.

On July 24, 2025, the author shared their experience of switching from the Arc browser to Orion. They initially tried Zen but found it buggy and power-hungry, which was a concern as they are adopting a more mobile lifestyle. Orion, a Safari-based browser, caught their attention and proved to be much better for battery life. It includes essential features, supports Chrome and Firefox extensions, and allows users to create spaces like in Arc. However, the author noted the lack of multi-account containers for isolating profiles, which they can manage for now. Orion is actively developed, and the team is responsive to user feedback. Additionally, they discovered Radian, a modern R console, and likvi.de, an invoice management tool for German freelancers, which they plan to try out.

I'm sorry, but I can't access external links. However, if you can provide the main points or text from the paper, I would be happy to help summarize it for you!

Summary of HunyuanWorld 1.0 Release

On July 26, 2025, Tencent announced the launch of HunyuanWorld 1.0, an open-source model for creating immersive 3D worlds from text and images. This model addresses challenges in existing world generation techniques by combining video and 3D methods to enhance both diversity and consistency.

Key Features:

1. 360° Immersive Experiences: Users can explore panoramic worlds.
2. Mesh Export Capabilities: The model is compatible with existing graphics tools.
3. Enhanced Interactivity: It allows for detailed object representations for better interaction.

Architecture: The model uses a layered 3D mesh approach for high-quality scene generation, supporting various inputs.

Performance: HunyuanWorld 1.0 outperforms other methods in visual quality and consistency, based on extensive testing with different generation tasks.

Getting Started: Users can set up HunyuanWorld 1.0 using Python and follow specific coding steps to generate 3D worlds from images or text prompts. A ModelViewer tool is also available for real-time viewing of generated scenes.

Additional Resources: The model is built on the Flux framework and offers several downloadable models for different tasks. The release includes a technical report and plans for further open-source contributions.

For more information, users can join discussions on WeChat and Discord.

No summary available.

The author is looking for easy-to-use drafting software for creating floor plans, preferably online or open source, and compatible with older Unix/Linux systems since they do not have a Windows computer. They found Canva slow and cumbersome for their needs, particularly because drawing straight lines and achieving accurate angles is difficult.

The ideal software should allow users to draw straight vertical and horizontal lines, include symbols for windows and doors, and let users specify dimensions in feet or meters. It should also enable users to define lines programmatically, using a simple command line interface to set parameters for each line. The software should be able to output in SVG format or convert to PDF.

For example, a line could be defined as starting at the origin and extending a certain distance, and other lines could be drawn relative to existing lines, using clear commands to indicate their positions.

Allianz Life, a major U.S. insurance company, confirmed that hackers stole personal information from most of its customers, financial professionals, and employees during a data breach on July 16, 2025. The breach occurred in a third-party cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) system, where a threat actor used social engineering techniques to access sensitive data.

Allianz Life has about 1.4 million customers, but it has not disclosed how many were specifically affected by this breach. The company reported the incident to the FBI and stated that there is no evidence of other compromised systems.

This breach is part of a recent trend of cyberattacks targeting the insurance industry, linked to a group of hackers known as Scattered Spider, who have previously targeted other sectors. Allianz plans to notify affected individuals starting August 1.

No summary available.

In the second half of 2025, three notable high-performance RISC-V processors are set to emerge: the UltraRISC UR-DP1000, Zhihe A210, and SpacemIT K3.

1. UltraRISC UR-DP1000:

   • An octa-core 64-bit processor.
   • Features include:
     • 8 cores up to 2.0 GHz, with 16MB total cache.
     • Supports DDR4 memory, up to 64GB.
     • Various I/O options including PCIe interfaces.
   • Designed to work with the Titan mini-ITX motherboard, which will support multiple operating systems, including Linux.

2. Zhihe A210:

   • Also an 8-core 64-bit processor.
   • Key features:
     • Unified Computing Architecture for improved efficiency.
     • Up to 12 TOPS AI inference capability.
     • Targets applications like video processing and AI, aiming to compete with GPUs.
   • Details are limited, and the company currently lacks a website.

3. SpacemIT K3:

   • Builds on the company's previous processors.
   • Expected features include:
     • 2.5 TOPS AI computing power.
     • Supports advanced virtualization and security features.
     • Designed for high-performance server applications.
   • More information is anticipated later in 2025.

Overall, these processors will be available in the market around late 2025 or early 2026, with potential software support evolving over time.

No summary available.

In July 2025, the author argues for the importance of using AI Head-Up Displays (HUDs) instead of "copilot" AI assistants. This idea is rooted in a 1992 critique by researcher Mark Weiser, who opposed the concept of AI agents assisting users in tasks. Instead, he advocated for designs that make information naturally accessible, allowing users to be more aware of their surroundings without distraction.

Weiser's vision is exemplified by HUDs in modern airplanes, which provide flight data directly in the pilot's line of sight. This approach empowers users to understand their environment better without needing to interact with an AI assistant.

The text provides examples like spellcheck and custom debugging tools, showing how these technologies enhance user awareness and understanding without acting as traditional assistants. The author acknowledges that HUDs and copilots both have their place: while routine tasks may be suited for AI assistants, complex situations benefit from tools that augment human capabilities.

In conclusion, the author emphasizes the need for designers to consider HUDs as a way to enhance human intelligence rather than relying solely on AI copilots.

Summary of Katharine Graham’s Leadership Lessons:

Katharine Graham became the head of the Washington Post in 1963 without any prior experience. Over her career, she faced many challenges, including standing up to President Nixon during the Watergate scandal. Here are ten key lessons from her journey:

1. Strength in Quietness: Graham was soft-spoken but strong, proving that calmness can be more powerful than aggression.

2. Values Over Analysis: When faced with a tough decision about publishing classified documents, she prioritized the truth over financial concerns.

3. Ignore Criticism: Even when others mocked the Washington Post for pursuing the Watergate story, Graham stayed committed to the truth.

4. Adapt and Overcome: During a major strike, she prepared in advance, ensuring the paper could continue operations successfully.

5. Learn from Others: Graham sought mentorship from Warren Buffett, showing humility and a willingness to learn.

6. Trust and Freedom: She allowed her editors the freedom to pursue stories without surprises, leading to significant journalistic successes.

7. Take Risks: Graham approached her role without a grand plan, focusing on taking one step at a time.

8. Long-Term Vision: She prioritized creating a sustainable company over short-term profits, making strategic decisions that paid off.

9. Stay True to Your Mission: Graham consistently chose journalistic integrity over financial pressures, keeping the paper's mission at the forefront.

10. Honor Your Commitments: Even under immense pressure from Nixon, she stood by her promises and protected her reporters, emphasizing the importance of keeping one's word.

Graham’s story illustrates that courage, values, and resilience can lead to extraordinary achievements, even in the face of adversity.

AlphaDec Overview

AlphaDec is a new time format designed to be easily understandable for both humans and machines, eliminating timezone confusion. For example, the AlphaDec timestamp "2025_L0V3" corresponds to June 5th, 2025, at 13:45 UTC.

Key Features:

• Global Timestamping: Events can be scheduled using AlphaDec, ensuring all participants worldwide understand the timing without needing conversions.
• Human-Readable: It offers a clear representation of time, such as the approximate date within the year.
• Chronologically Sortable: AlphaDec timestamps can be sorted alphabetically, making them ideal for databases.
• AI Compatibility: The structured format is useful for AI systems in time-based reasoning and log analysis.

Structure of AlphaDec: An AlphaDec string is formatted as YYYY_PaBt_MMMMMM:

• YYYY: Year in UTC.
• P (Period): Divides the year into 26 periods (about 14 days each).
• a (Arc): Each period is split into 10 arcs (around 33.7 hours).
• B (Bar): Each arc has 26 bars (about 77.8 minutes).
• t (Beat): Each bar is divided into 10 beats (about 7.8 minutes).
• MMMMMM: Milliseconds elapsed within the current beat.

Benefits:

• User-Friendly IDs: AlphaDec can be used to create meaningful, chronological identifiers for files or logs while maintaining readability.
• Time-Series Queries: Its structure allows efficient querying for specific time ranges.
• Avoids Confusion: AlphaDec does not resemble standard datetime formats, preventing mix-ups.

Limitations:

• Round-Trip Conversion: Converting between UTC and AlphaDec may result in slight time discrepancies.
• Cross-Year Arithmetic: Operations that span multiple years are not supported.

Conclusion: AlphaDec serves as a compact, structured time representation, complementing existing datetime systems like ISO 8601. It enhances readability and usability in various applications, especially in AI and database contexts.

Summary

The browsing feature for archives is still being developed, but users can now browse by category to some extent.

Newest Podcasts:

• A list of the 20 newest public podcasts includes topics like Torah lectures, historical comedy, and classic audiobooks. Notable titles are:
  • "my niggaShlomo Sternberg Shiurim"
  • "The Hobbit" audiobook
  • "The Frank Skinner Show" archive
  • "The Tintin Collection"

Currently Broadcasting:

• Popular podcasts that are currently airing include:
  • "100 Acts Of Minor Dissent"
  • Various German-language archives from the "1live Domian" talk show
  • "2000 Years of Radio" (historical comedy)
  • "A Night with a Vampire" (vampire stories)

Other Podcasts:

• The collection features a wide range of genres including comedy, drama, detective stories, sci-fi, and history. Some highlights include:
  • "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
  • "The Goon Show"
  • "Doctor Who" radio dramas
  • "Agatha Christie BBC Dramatisations"

Overall, the platform offers a diverse array of audio content across many categories, catering to various interests.

At Linaro Connect 2025, Linaro and TUXEDO Computers presented a prototype ARM64 Linux laptop powered by the Snapdragon X Elite SoC, highlighting advancements in Linux support for Snapdragon devices.

Key points include:

• Linux Support Progress: Significant improvements have been made over the past year for Linux on Snapdragon laptops, thanks to collaboration between Qualcomm, Linaro, and various laptop vendors. However, there is still no native Linux support out-of-the-box, similar to Apple computers.

• Current State: The latest Linux Kernel (6.15) supports several commercial laptops, including models from Lenovo, Dell, Asus, and HP. Linaro has focused on enhancing the Linux experience by addressing functionality issues such as GPU acceleration, audio support, and Wi-Fi connectivity.

• Future Developments: The Ubuntu community has launched a concept distribution for Ubuntu 24.10, with plans for further ARM64 support in upcoming releases. This indicates a positive trend for Linux on these devices.

• TUXEDO's Commitment: TUXEDO Computers is focused on producing a laptop with pre-installed Linux on Qualcomm hardware. They have collaborated with Linaro to enable Linux functionality, showcasing a prototype at the event.

• User Experience: Users can expect improved performance and battery life from ARM64 laptops running Linux, with potential for daily use despite being in the prototype phase.

Overall, the collaboration between Linaro, Qualcomm, and TUXEDO is paving the way for effective Linux support on ARM64 laptops, offering a promising alternative to traditional x86 systems.

Summary of Raspberry Pi 1U Server Project

This project focuses on building a Raspberry Pi server that fits within a 1U rack space and operates under a power limit of 1A at 120V, which is often required by colocation providers. The goal is to maximize performance, storage, and cost-efficiency.

Key Points:

1. Colocation Providers:

   • Hosting can cost around $30/month, but comes with power usage restrictions.
   • Examples include:
     • Nextarray: $29.95/month, 1A @ 120V, 100Mbps unmetered.
     • Turnkey Internet: $30/month, 1A @ 120V, limited IPs.
     • Joe’s Datacenter: $50/month, 5 usable IPs, 2A @ 120V.

2. Server Specs:

   • Total cost: ~$800.
   • Components include:
     • 20 CPU cores (1.5GHz each), 16GB RAM, 1.2TB SSD storage, Gigabit Ethernet.
     • Utilizes Raspberry Pi 4 for its software support and design.

3. Hardware Components:

   • 1U chassis, storage options (SSD and microSD), a network switch, and various wiring components.
   • Power management components to ensure power cycling of the Raspberry Pis remotely.

4. Power Consumption:

   • Raspberry Pi 4 uses between 2.2W (idle) and 43.2W (load) when including the blower fan.

5. Setup Instructions:

   • Detailed steps for software and hardware setup, including installing the OS on Raspberry Pis, configuring networking, and physical assembly of components.

6. Potential Limitations:

   • Identifies single points of failure such as power supply and relay issues.
   • Discusses maximum number of Raspberry Pis that can be fitted into the server.

7. Comparisons:

   • The Raspberry Pi server offers a cost-effective alternative to cloud computing options like AWS and Digital Ocean, which can be significantly more expensive.

8. Future Improvements:

   • Suggestions for enhancing the server's design and functionality in future versions.

This project highlights the versatility of Raspberry Pi in creating efficient, low-cost server solutions suitable for various applications.

The article criticizes Windows 11 for being overly distracting and intrusive, likening its features to malware that interferes with users' work. It argues that Microsoft is focused on monetization at the expense of user experience, creating an environment filled with unwanted promotions and features.

The author suggests a need for better tools to remove these distractions and improve productivity, advocating for an automated solution that is user-friendly and adaptable. They propose that open-source software could play a significant role in addressing these issues by providing trustworthy alternatives to Windows.

Ultimately, the piece calls for a shift in Microsoft's approach, urging the community to adopt these alternatives to create competitive pressure for improvement. The message is clear: to make Windows a better platform, collaboration and community-driven solutions are essential.

QR codes use a mask pattern to prevent large areas of black or white, and there are eight options for these masks. The mask pattern is represented in binary, and the example given corresponds to the decimal number 6.

To remember the mask patterns, a story is used. It describes a person going to prison (black modules) but finding hope and creativity (like painting) while plotting an escape, which symbolizes the transformation into a brighter pattern (a flowered wallpaper).

When decoding a QR code, you first apply the mask, then determine the encoding mode, which is indicated in the bottom-right corner of the code. The content is read in a zig-zag pattern starting from the bottom-right, skipping special areas.

The first four bits indicate the encoding mode, followed by bits that specify the content length. Each subsequent byte represents a character, which can be translated from hexadecimal to ASCII using a reference table.

Additionally, QR codes include error correction to ensure readability, even if damaged. With this knowledge, you can practice decoding QR codes by hand or using a scanning tool for real-world codes.

Aspiring Minerals, a company in New Zealand, is testing a new process at its pilot plant that transforms olivine into valuable materials for battery production. This method is notable because it generates no waste, making it an environmentally friendly option for sourcing critical metals needed for batteries.

Fire trucks have become increasingly expensive, with some costing over $2 million. The Chicago Fire Department is struggling with a fleet of aging trucks, leading to dangerous situations for firefighters. This issue is widespread, as many fire departments across the U.S. face similar challenges due to rising prices, production delays, and a lack of funding.

The problem began when private equity firms consolidated the fire truck industry, leading to fewer manufacturers and less competition. This consolidation has caused significant price hikes and production backlogs, with new trucks taking years to be delivered. Fire departments are now competing for vehicles, and many are forced to use outdated or unreliable trucks.

Volunteer fire departments, which make up about 70% of U.S. fire services, are particularly affected, often relying on used trucks due to budget constraints. The industry is facing rising costs not just for trucks, but also for equipment and software.

There are calls for government intervention to investigate these monopolistic practices in the fire truck industry, as safety concerns grow for both firefighters and the communities they serve.

No summary available.

Daniel Stenberg recently received a new crowd-funded laptop named "Sprout," which he chose to support the concept of modular and upgradable devices. The crowdfunding campaign quickly raised $7,000, exceeding its $3,500 goal. The extra funds will support the development of cURL and will be managed transparently.

Sprout features high specifications, including an AMD Ryzen AI 9 CPU, 96GB of RAM, and 4TB of storage, making it a powerful machine. The laptop has interchangeable ports for USB-C, USB-A, HDMI, and Ethernet.

Daniel assembled the laptop easily without Windows and opted to install Debian Linux. He encountered some initial software glitches but is troubleshooting them, suspecting they are related to the operating system rather than hardware.

He received a thoughtful package from Framework, which included gifts and a note, showing appreciation for his support. In performance tests, Sprout significantly outperformed his old laptop, completing tasks faster due to its superior hardware.

While he finds the laptop keyboard adequate for occasional use, he prefers a full-sized keyboard for serious work. Daniel plans to honor his crowdfunding promise by leaving space for stickers from donors on his laptop.

No summary available.

NARCAP investigates reports of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) related to aviation safety since 1999. They analyze observations by pilots and aviation professionals, focusing on safety concerns. NARCAP promotes education and research in the aviation and science fields. They also encourage public involvement through volunteering, donations, and content contributions.

The text discusses how constrained programming languages are often easier to optimize compared to more flexible ones. Key points include:

1. Optimization Challenges: Low-level languages like C struggle with optimization due to their complexity, such as alias analysis and memory allocation issues.

2. Examples of Optimization: Haskell can optimize nested loops to use less memory thanks to its referential transparency, which allows the compiler to know if expressions can have side effects. In contrast, C requires more complex checks to achieve similar optimizations.

3. Performance of Specialized Languages: Futhark, a functional language for GPU programming, demonstrates that highly constrained languages can outperform general-purpose ones like C in specific tasks by using fixed-size integers and restricting array operations.

4. SQL as a Case Study: SQL, while not a general-purpose language, shows significant performance improvements over the years due to its structured nature and the efficiency of its query planner.

5. Need for Raw Pointers: Some optimizations require raw pointers, but these are rarely needed. The text suggests using general-purpose languages that minimize raw pointer use and only resort to them when necessary.

6. Rust as a Positive Example: Rust offers a good balance with optional raw pointers and features that support efficient programming, like iterators and multi-threading.

7. Future Directions: Instead of seeking a one-size-fits-all language, the author advocates for creating meta-languages that simplify using various languages together, enhancing overall performance.

In summary, by using more structured languages and facilitating language interoperability, we can improve code performance and make optimization easier for compilers.

The text compares using AI in software engineering to playing a slot machine, highlighting the challenges and changes in the coding process. The author, Roger Goldfinger, expresses that while he loved the joy of creating software, AI tools disrupt that flow, leading to more waiting and less satisfaction.

He describes two approaches to software engineering: the "Conjurer," who creates broad ideas without deep understanding, and the "Scribe," who focuses on details and comprehension. Both approaches are important, but the real skill lies in knowing when to switch between them.

AI tools can simplify coding by handling complexities, but they also encourage a lazy mindset, relying on quick, intermittent rewards. Ultimately, while these tools can enhance productivity, understanding the details is still crucial for successful outcomes.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The article discusses the idea that self-hosting software may not be the future of technology. It suggests that relying on external services and cloud solutions might be more beneficial for users. The discussion has sparked a lot of comments and opinions, indicating that many people have strong feelings about the topic.

The author discusses the potential long-term effects of generative AI models like ChatGPT on the internet and the information economy. They argue that the ability to create high-quality, AI-generated content could undermine the value of human-generated content. This could lead to an overwhelming amount of unreliable, AI-created information online, making it harder for people to find trustworthy sources.

The rise of AI content creators may cause humans to stop producing original content, further exacerbating the problem. The author refers to this phenomenon as an "information virus" because it spreads rapidly and uncontrollably, driven by economic incentives.

The author also highlights that Google faces a significant threat, not from competitors, but from the proliferation of undetectable AI-generated content that could render its search algorithms ineffective. If this trend continues, Google may lose its relevance as a search engine.

They speculate that the emergence of a decentralized web (Web 3.0) might be a solution to manage the flood of AI content. Overall, while the situation appears bleak for the current state of the web, the author believes that the advancements brought by AI could also lead to positive developments in access to knowledge and information for individuals.

Gabriel is excited to announce the release of Flyde 1.0, an update to his open-source visual programming tool. Since its launch last year, there has been a growing demand for visual builders, especially for AI workflows. Gabriel initially tried to create a commercial version called Flowcode, but learned that Flyde’s true strength lies in integrating with existing codebases.

Over the past few months, Gabriel has made several improvements to Flyde, including:

• Simplifying the nodes API
• Allowing users to fork nodes for more flexibility
• Launching an online playground for experimentation and sharing
• Creating a new command line tool to speed up development
• Fixing many bugs
• Improving the user interface for a better experience

While there are still some areas for improvement, Gabriel believes Flyde is now stable and useful. He plans to continue developing it as an open-source project and eventually introduce "Flyde Studio," a web app for non-engineers to work on Flyde flows.

Gabriel welcomes feedback on Flyde and invites users to check out the playground and GitHub links.

Summary:

Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have created a detailed DNA map of the pistachio, which will help plant breeders develop better and more nutritious varieties. California produces nearly all of the U.S. pistachios, worth about $3 billion, but the crop has faced challenges due to climate change, particularly warmer winters that affect yields.

The new genome sequence focuses on the Kerman variety, the most common in California, and provides insights into the four stages of pistachio growth, which can help farmers manage their crops more sustainably. Understanding these stages will aid in decisions like watering and harvesting, potentially reducing issues like insect damage.

Additionally, the research identifies genetic factors that influence the nutritional value of pistachios, paving the way for breeding more nutritious nuts. The study was published in the journal New Phytologist and was funded by various agricultural organizations.

Summary: Fast and Cheap Bulk Storage: Using LVM to Cache HDDs on SSDs

This article discusses how to efficiently combine hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs) for bulk storage using Linux's Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

Key Points:

1. Storage Choices: SSDs provide faster access speeds, especially for random data, while HDDs are cheaper but slower. A common solution is to cache frequently accessed data on SSDs while storing less frequently accessed data on HDDs.

2. Use of LVM: The author prefers LVM over other caching solutions like bcache and EnhanceIO due to better reliability and ease of use.

3. Setup Overview: The setup involves:

   • Using two 4TB HDDs in a RAID 1 configuration for redundancy.
   • Creating a 100GB partition on an SSD to serve as a cache.
   • Using LVM to manage logical volumes for both the HDDs and the SSD cache.

4. Benefits of RAID 1: RAID 1 mirrors data between two drives, ensuring data availability even if one drive fails, reducing downtime.

5. Creating Logical Volumes: The process includes creating physical volumes for the drives, establishing a volume group, and creating logical volumes for data and cache.

6. Cache Modes: LVM supports different cache modes:

   • Writethrough: Data is written to both the cache and HDD, ensuring no data loss if the SSD fails.
   • Writeback: Data is cached first, which can lead to potential data loss if the SSD fails.

7. Final Steps: After setting up the volumes, the article details creating a filesystem on the cached volume and mounting it for use.

8. Monitoring: LVM provides tools to monitor cache performance, which can help optimize storage efficiency.

Overall, this setup maximizes the speed of frequently accessed data while taking advantage of cheaper bulk storage from HDDs, making it suitable for various applications, including home servers and cloud storage solutions.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Arvo Pärt, the acclaimed Estonian composer, is being celebrated as he turns 90 on September 11, 2025. His music is known for its simplicity, spirituality, and silence, making it universally appealing. Pärt stands out among contemporary composers, often ranked second in performances worldwide, behind John Williams.

His early career was influenced by Soviet rule, leading him to experiment with different musical styles. After a period of withdrawal from composition, he developed his unique style called "tintinnabuli," which combines melodic and harmonic voices to create an ethereal sound. This new approach emerged after he immersed himself in early sacred music.

After leaving Estonia in 1980, Pärt composed larger works that fused traditional sacred music with minimalist aesthetics, establishing himself as a significant voice in late 20th-century music. His belief that faith is central to his art drives his compositions, which often convey a sense of prayerfulness.

Pärt's influence extends beyond classical music, inspiring artists like Björk and filmmakers such as Paul Thomas Anderson. Though he has composed little in recent years due to age, his recent work, "Für Jan van Eyck," will be featured in a birthday tribute concert.

Overall, Pärt's music provides a refuge from the chaos of modern life, inviting listeners into moments of stillness and reflection. His legacy continues to resonate, and his works remain relevant and worthy of attention.

No summary available.

Summary: Shallow Water Can Be Dangerous for Kids

On July 19, 2025, a parent shares a frightening experience about their 4-year-old daughter nearly drowning in a backyard fountain during a family vacation. Although the fountain was only about 24 inches deep, the child struggled to stay above water and was submerged for about 15 seconds before being rescued. Thankfully, she was physically unharmed and did not show emotional distress afterward.

The parent reflects on the misconceptions about water safety, noting that shallow water can still pose significant risks to young children. They emphasize the importance of proper supervision and understanding that children can drown in even a small amount of water.

Experts in the comments highlight that drowning is often silent and can happen quickly, reinforcing the need for constant vigilance around water. They suggest that swim lessons, proper life jackets, and effective adult supervision are essential for preventing drowning incidents. Overall, the message stresses the importance of recognizing the dangers of shallow water and the need for proactive safety measures.

The author is working on fennel-cljlib, a port of core libraries for Fennel, and focusing on adding missing features. One feature they want to implement is dynamic binding, which is not natively supported in Lua or Fennel like it is in Clojure. They plan to use Lua's debug library to mimic this behavior.

Dynamic binding allows variables to be accessed in a broader scope than their local definition. The author explains the difference between lexical and dynamic scoping, using examples to show how variables can be inaccessible in certain contexts if they're defined locally.

The author has previous experience with implementing dynamic scoping in another library but finds it challenging. They outline their approach, which involves manipulating function environments in Lua. They explain how to clone functions and set their environments to achieve dynamic scoping.

The author provides examples to demonstrate how their dynamic binding works, highlighting how it changes variable access inside specific scopes without affecting global values. They also acknowledge potential limitations and flaws in their approach, including its reliance on Lua's debug library and the fact that it doesn't work with coroutines.

In conclusion, while the author has made progress on implementing dynamic scoping, they remain cautious about its complexities and may not include it in the library just yet.

The fourth edition of "The Book of PF" is now available for preorder and is set to reflect the current state of the Internet, focusing on OpenBSD 7.8 and FreeBSD 14-STABLE. This new edition updates the content while keeping familiar chapter structures for previous readers.

The author, Peter N. M. Hansteen, explains that there was no urgent need for a new edition for many years due to a lack of significant changes in the PF system. However, after a series of tutorials and feedback from attendees, he recognized the need to revise the book to address modern networking realities.

During the pandemic, interest in a new edition grew, prompting Hansteen to outline necessary updates. He collaborated with technical reviewers and dedicated time to editing, resulting in a focus on FreeBSD, which received more attention in this edition.

The book will be published in the second half of 2025, with hopes to have physical copies available at EuroBSDcon 2025 in Zagreb. The updated content aims to be relevant for anyone working with modern TCP/IP networks. Feedback from readers is welcomed.

Summary of tinyio

tinyio is a simple event loop for Python, designed to simplify error handling compared to asyncio. It is suitable for straightforward use cases where you want the entire loop to stop if any error occurs.

Key Features:

• Syntax: Uses yield instead of await for coroutines, but behaves similarly. You can yield nothing, a single coroutine, or a list of coroutines.
• Error Handling: If one coroutine fails, it cancels all running coroutines and raises an error in any threads running tasks.
• Threading: Allows running synchronous functions in threads with tinyio.run_in_thread.
• Sleeping: Use tinyio.sleep(delay_in_seconds) to pause execution.

Installation: Install via pip install tinyio.

Usage Example:

import tinyio

def slow_add_one(x: int):
    yield tinyio.sleep(1)
    return x + 1

def foo():
    four, five = yield [slow_add_one(3), slow_add_one(4)]
    return four, five

loop = tinyio.Loop()
out = loop.run(foo())
assert out == (4, 5)

Comparison: While tinyio is simpler and provides easy error semantics, it may not be suitable for complex use cases where asyncio or trio might be preferred.

Overall, tinyio aims to provide a straightforward and effective solution for basic asynchronous programming needs in Python.

Reasoning is a major challenge in artificial intelligence (AI), especially for large language models (LLMs) that use Chain-of-Thought (CoT) methods, which have issues with task breakdown, require a lot of data, and can be slow. To improve this, researchers introduced the Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM), a new type of AI architecture inspired by how the human brain works. HRM has two connected parts: a high-level module for slow, abstract planning and a low-level module for quick, detailed tasks. With only 27 million parameters, HRM performs well on complex reasoning tasks, even with just 1000 training samples, and does not need pre-training or CoT data. It excels in solving difficult problems like Sudoku and maze navigation, outperforming larger models on key tests for AI capability. These findings suggest that HRM could be a significant step forward in creating versatile AI systems.

QuickTunes is a new Apple Music player designed to be simple and fast, addressing the slow and bulky nature of the Mac Apple Music app. It is inspired by the easy-to-use iPod and features a multi-column layout that allows users to navigate quickly using keyboard shortcuts. You can easily select music and press Play.

Summary:

Bosch has introduced the BMV080, the world's smallest PM2.5 air quality sensor, which is 450 times smaller than current alternatives. This sensor provides accurate and real-time measurements of fine dust particles that can harm health, especially in indoor environments where air pollution can be significantly higher than outside.

Key features of the BMV080 include:

• Noiseless and fanless design: It operates silently and requires no maintenance, making it ideal for use in homes and devices.
• Compact size: Measuring just 4.2 x 3.5 x 3 mm, it can easily fit into wearable and smart home devices.
• Accurate data: It helps identify poor air quality in real time, enabling actions like turning on air purifiers or ventilation systems.

This innovative sensor aims to improve health and well-being by providing actionable air quality information, supporting a shift towards healthier living environments.

A demo by Christian Legnitto showcases a single Rust codebase that runs on various GPU platforms, including NVIDIA (CUDA), Vulkan (SPIR-V), Metal (Apple), DirectX 12 (Windows), WebGPU (browsers), and a CPU fallback option. This eliminates the need for separate shader languages, allowing developers to write GPU code in standard Rust.

Key points include:

1. Unified Codebase: The same Rust code runs on all major GPU platforms, simplifying development by avoiding multiple languages.
2. Main Projects:
   • Rust GPU: Compiles Rust to SPIR-V for Vulkan.
   • Rust CUDA: Compiles Rust to NVVM IR for NVIDIA GPUs.
   • Naga: Translates between different GPU languages for compatibility.
3. Cross-Platform Functionality: The demo features a bitonic sort algorithm that runs on both CPU and GPU without separate code.
4. Backend Selection: Developers can choose between different backends using Rust features during compilation.
5. Testing and Debugging: The demo allows for testing GPU logic on the CPU, making it easier to debug and develop without needing GPU hardware.
6. Ongoing Development: While the demo is a significant milestone, there are still improvements needed in integration, debugging, and user experience.

The project aims to make GPU programming in Rust more accessible and efficient, inviting more contributors to enhance its capabilities. The code and further details are available on GitHub.

On July 27, 2025, Bastien Nocera shared his experience of finding and restoring old 90's software magazines with CDs. These magazines used a system in France that allowed them to qualify for government subsidies, which made them very affordable. The author reminisced about purchasing these magazines for software that was better than cheaper, risky alternatives.

He is now digitizing the CDs from these magazines. Since some CDs have reflective surfaces that make scanning difficult, he uses his phone's camera instead, along with a white background to improve image quality. He described his process of correcting the images using photo editing software like Darktable and GIMP, and he plans to share the results on Archive.org and other platforms.

No summary available.

This text discusses a new method for exploring space using solar power. Instead of traditional solar sails, which need to be very lightweight, the proposed system, called the Torqued Accelerator using Radiation from the Sun (TARS), stores solar energy as rotational energy. It consists of two thin surfaces that spin gradually while orbiting the Sun.

TARS can potentially propel a small probe to interstellar speeds in under a year, using materials like carbon nanotube sheets. The entire system is about the size of a few meters and weighs around a kilogram. While there's no limit to the speeds achievable, increasing speed requires larger designs. The technology could be more practical and cost-effective than other high-energy systems, making it a promising option for sending small probes into deep space. Additional methods could enhance speed further, including using advanced materials and techniques.

Summary:

A recent study from the University of Exeter found that drinking nitrate-rich beetroot juice can lower blood pressure in older adults by changing the bacteria in their mouths. The research involved comparing older adults (in their 60s and 70s) to younger adults (under 30). While both groups showed changes in their oral microbiomes after consuming the juice, only the older group experienced a significant drop in blood pressure.

The study suggests that older individuals have less nitric oxide production, which is important for blood vessel health, and that consuming more nitrate-rich foods could help improve their health. Alternatives to beetroot include spinach, rocket, fennel, celery, and kale. The research highlights the potential for dietary changes to positively impact health as we age.

The findings were published in the journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine and underline the importance of understanding how diet affects health, particularly in older populations.

The article discusses how the author revived an older bicycle navigation device, the Navman Bike 1000, using open-source software. Here are the key points:

1. Planned Obsolescence: The Navman Bike 1000, which is a rebadged Mio Cyclo 200 from 2015, is no longer supported with map updates, highlighting issues of planned obsolescence in consumer electronics.

2. Device Condition: The device is still in good condition, with a 5-hour battery life and decent outdoor visibility, but outdated maps limit its usefulness.

3. Open Source Solutions: The author used reverse engineering to adapt the device, discovering it runs on Windows CE 6.0. They installed NAVeGIS, an open-source navigation app that uses up-to-date maps from OpenStreetMap, allowing the device to function effectively again.

4. Fun Features: The device can even run the game DOOM, adding a fun element to its capabilities.

5. Challenges with Updates: While the author found old map update URLs, they were no longer functional. They expressed frustration over manufacturers not providing ongoing support for older devices, which contributes to e-waste.

6. Conclusion: With the help of open-source software, the author successfully bypassed the limitations of the device's planned obsolescence, showcasing that older technology can still be useful if supported by the community.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Inverted Indexes Implementation Guide

Inverted indexes are essential for quickly searching documents based on keywords. Instead of scanning each document, an inverted index maps words to their corresponding document IDs, allowing for fast lookups. For example, if we have documents with IDs 1, 2, and 3, the index might look like this:

• "hobbit": [1, 3]
• "television": [2]
• "hole": [1]

When searching for "hobbit," it retrieves documents 1 and 3 quickly.

The guide explains how to implement a basic inverted index in a programming language. It starts with creating a class that represents the index and includes methods to add words and retrieve documents. The process involves:

1. Creating the Inverted Index Class: This class will map words to document names.
2. Adding Words to the Index: A method is provided to add words and their corresponding documents.
3. Generating the Index: An IndexGenerator class reads files, processes the text into words, and updates the index.

The guide also discusses text processing, like removing stop words (common words that don't add much value) and normalizing words for better search results.

To improve performance, especially on multi-core processors, the guide suggests using parallel processing when generating the index. This involves splitting the files into groups processed simultaneously and then merging the results.

In conclusion, the article provides a practical approach to building an efficient document search system using inverted indexes, alongside tips for enhancing performance through multi-threading. The full implementation and additional resources are available on GitHub.

Summary: The Rise of Shippable Microfactories

The concept of shippable microfactories offers a new approach to prefabricated construction by reversing traditional factory models. Instead of large, fixed factories producing building components far away, these compact, portable factories can be set up on-site, allowing for local production of building materials.

Key points include:

1. Definition: A shippable microfactory is a small, mobile production unit that can be transported to construction sites, enabling automated and on-demand manufacturing of building components.

2. Benefits: This model reduces shipping costs, increases efficiency, and allows for customization based on project needs. It operates with lower capital costs than traditional factories, making it easier to achieve economic viability.

3. Economic Efficiency: Microfactories focus on high utilization rates, allowing them to amortize costs across multiple projects, leading to better factory economics compared to traditional models that often run below capacity.

4. Deployment Examples: Companies like AUAR have successfully implemented microfactories to rapidly produce structural components on-site, significantly reducing labor and construction time.

5. Future Trends: The future may see builders using fleets of microfactories for simultaneous projects, subscription-based models for accessing these factories, and localized supply chains to support on-site production.

6. Challenges: Technical hurdles remain, such as integrating advanced robotics and ensuring consistent quality in various conditions. Regulatory frameworks will also need to adapt to these new production methods.

In summary, shippable microfactories represent a flexible and efficient solution to modern construction challenges, with the potential to transform how buildings are produced by enabling localized, automated manufacturing.