Summary:

On August 11, 2025, the High Court of Justice dismissed the Wikimedia Foundation's legal challenge against the UK's Online Safety Act (OSA) Categorisation Regulations. Although the ruling did not provide immediate legal protections for Wikipedia, the court stressed that Ofcom and the UK government must ensure Wikipedia's safety during OSA implementation.

The judge acknowledged Wikipedia's significant value and the potential harm of incorrect OSA classifications on the human rights of its volunteer contributors. They noted that Ofcom might need to interpret the rules flexibly or seek amendments in Parliament to protect Wikipedia.

The Wikimedia Foundation will continue to advocate for Wikipedia and its users as the OSA is enforced. A new legal challenge is scheduled for July 22-23, 2025, with a focus on the regulations that could impose strict obligations on Wikipedia, potentially compromising the privacy and safety of its contributors.

The Foundation argues that these obligations could lead to identity verification requirements that threaten contributor safety and could divert resources from improving Wikipedia. The case is significant as it includes a volunteer contributor as a joint claimant, highlighting the risks to everyday users. The Foundation aims to protect the privacy and safety of Wikipedia’s contributors and uphold free knowledge access.

The hearings will be public, and the Foundation emphasizes the importance of Wikipedia as a reliable resource for learning and knowledge sharing.

The author shares their journey through various productivity apps like Notion, Todoist, and Trello, ultimately returning to a simple text file called todo.txt for task management. After years of trying to find the perfect app and spending too much time configuring systems, they realized that a straightforward approach worked best.

Key points include:

• Many productivity apps can become overwhelming and time-consuming.
• The author had a breakthrough when they used a sticky note to write down tasks and found it effective.
• Their current system involves using a plain text file, where they list tasks for the day, add notes, and keep a simple log of completed tasks.
• This method is easy to access, fast, and doesn’t rely on any complicated features or subscriptions.
• The text file is always available, searchable, and durable, making it a reliable tool for productivity.

The author concludes that true productivity comes from simply writing things down, checking the list regularly, and completing tasks, rather than getting bogged down by complex systems. They encourage others to try this method for a week to see if it works for them.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Jerry and Wyatt from Halluminate are working on improving how AI agents learn to use computers and software by creating a realistic simulated internet called Westworld. This environment helps train AI agents to perform valuable tasks, like booking flights or organizing sales data.

Currently, AI training is hindered by a lack of high-quality simulators and clear tasks to verify success. Their approach involves using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to enhance training. They aim to create simulations that accurately mimic real-world apps, as even small inaccuracies can affect performance.

Halluminate is also focused on generating synthetic data and ensuring that the tasks agents are trained on are relevant to actual work needs. They plan to release their simulators to the public for further experimentation and are developing features to connect multiple simulators for complex tasks.

In addition to RL simulators, Halluminate provides human-created data for AI training, similar to Scale AI. Jerry and Wyatt have a strong background in computer science and AI, and they are eager to receive feedback or questions about their work.

Summary of "Claude Code Is All You Need"

The author shares their experience using Claude Code, a programming tool that seamlessly integrates into their workflows. They switched from GPT to Claude Code because it felt more natural and efficient for their tasks.

Key points include:

1. Easy Integration: Claude Code fits well with the author's existing tools, making it easier to use than other coding platforms.
2. Versatile Usage: They’ve used it for various projects, including an autonomous startup builder, a SplitWise clone, and a basic poster maker.
3. Vibe Coding: The author describes "vibe coding," where software is developed through conversation with the AI without direct coding. They successfully built a SplitWise alternative using just a single prompt.
4. Input Matters: Providing detailed input improves the AI's output quality. The author emphasizes the importance of clear communication.
5. Autonomous Projects: They experimented with giving Claude Code minimal instructions to build and maintain a startup, noting both impressive results and challenges like compliance with usage policies.
6. Migration Tasks: Claude Code helped migrate a complex project, saving time and effort in understanding a new tech stack.
7. Text Editing: The author now uses Claude Code as a text editor, appreciating its ability to assist in writing and formatting content dynamically.

Overall, the author finds Claude Code a powerful tool for both fun projects and serious tasks, highlighting its capabilities in simplifying coding and project management.

The text discusses a collection of design examples for pricing pages across various industries. Users can filter these examples by industry, such as travel, e-commerce, fintech, and more, as well as by design style, including features like color-coded tiers and usage-based pricing. The examples include different layouts such as standard tables, stacked cards, and comparison tables. Each listing provides details about the pricing structure, like monthly/annual options or custom pricing. Overall, the collection serves as a resource for designing effective pricing pages.

Summary: Designing Software in the Large

The book "A Philosophy of Software Design" offers insights on creating large, maintainable software. Here are the key points:

1. Understanding Complexity: Complexity makes software hard to understand and modify. It has symptoms like:

   • Change Amplification: Simple changes require many code updates.
   • High Cognitive Load: Developers need to know a lot of information to do their jobs.
   • Unknown Unknowns: It's unclear which code needs to change or what information is required.

2. Causes of Complexity:

   • Dependencies: Code often relies on other code, making it hard to change one part without affecting others.
   • Obscurity: Important information is not clear or easily accessible.

3. Managing Dependencies: Reducing dependencies helps lower complexity. Key issues include:

   • Duplication: Repeating the same code or knowledge in multiple places.
   • Exceptions: Complex interactions from errors that can affect multiple parts of the system.
   • Inheritance: Relationships between parent and child classes can create dependencies.
   • Temporal Decomposition: Structures based on the order of operations can complicate understanding.

   Solution: Create "deep modules" that offer extensive functionality through simpler interfaces, reducing dependencies.

4. Addressing Obscurity: Obscurity leads to confusion and higher cognitive load. Key issues include:

   • Vague Names: Unclear naming conventions.
   • Inconsistency: Lack of uniformity in code style.
   • Inadequate Documentation: Poorly documented code.

   Solution: Strive for "obvious code" that uses clear names, is consistent, well-documented, and well-structured.

5. Strategic vs. Tactical Mindset: Complexity builds up over time and is hard to remove. A strategic approach involves investing time in clean designs and addressing problems, while a tactical approach focuses on immediate results without considering long-term impacts.

6. Takeaway: Merely having working code is not enough. Keeping software maintainable requires ongoing efforts to reduce complexity during changes.

Thomas Dohmke is the CEO of GitHub and has a strong passion for software development that started during his childhood in Germany. He focuses on creating tools that make developers happier and more efficient. Under his leadership, GitHub has launched popular AI tools like GitHub Copilot, Copilot Workspace, and GitHub Models. Thomas is also a well-known TED speaker and has a PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of Glasgow in the UK.

No summary available.

Summary:

The article discusses how to improve substring searching in the Zig programming language using SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) techniques, resulting in a search speed increase of about 60%.

1. Baseline Comparison: The standard substring search function in Zig (std.mem.indexOf) is compared against a new SIMD-based algorithm. The baseline function uses the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm, which is efficient but can't leverage SIMD for optimization.

2. SIMD Approach: The new algorithm works by extracting the first and last characters of the substring (the "needle") and processing 32 characters from the larger text (the "haystack") at a time. It creates bit masks to identify potential matches, significantly reducing the number of individual checks needed.

3. Implementation: The SIMD implementation uses Zig's @Vector function to optimize operations. The first and last characters of the needle are loaded into SIMD registers, allowing for faster comparisons.

4. Performance Benchmarks: Tests show that the SIMD version achieves about 59% faster performance with 80% fewer CPU cycles when processing large texts, like "Moby Dick." The SIMD method also performs well with smaller texts.

5. Further Optimizations: The article discusses potential improvements, such as selecting characters in the needle based on their frequency to reduce branch misses, which can affect performance.

6. AVX-512 Support: The article notes that newer processors support AVX-512, which can further enhance performance but requires the code to be compiled with specific settings.

7. Conclusion: The use of SIMD significantly speeds up substring searching, demonstrating the power of low-level programming techniques. The author encourages further exploration and improvements in this area.

The full implementation of the code is available on GitHub for those interested in exploring or testing the SIMD substring search algorithm.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Bridgewater Associates has spent 50 years analyzing global markets to provide insights to institutional investors. In their latest newsletter, co-CIO Greg Jensen discusses a significant shift towards "modern mercantilism," a new economic system moving away from free trade and limited government intervention. This change has been accelerated by political events, particularly the election of Donald Trump.

Key points about modern mercantilism include:

1. Government's Role: The state will have a larger role in managing the economy to enhance national wealth.
2. Trade Balances: There will be a focus on maintaining favorable trade balances, avoiding trade deficits.
3. Industrial Policy: Governments will promote self-reliance and protect key industries.
4. Corporate Protection: National companies will receive protection from foreign competition.

The global economic order is changing, driven by countries like China adopting mercantilist policies, which have caused concern in the US and elsewhere about supply chains and manufacturing jobs. The US has responded with tariffs and policy changes, prompting Europe to reconsider its own trade strategies.

Overall, this shift toward modern mercantilism will redefine how economies operate, affecting how companies compete and how global trade relationships are structured. The implications for investors and economies are significant.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The text discusses the costs of various operations in CPU clock cycles, particularly in modern x86/x64 CPUs, and emphasizes the importance of understanding these costs to avoid inefficient coding practices. Here are the key points:

1. Premature Pessimization: It's better to write clear and efficient code from the start rather than falling into "pessimized" practices, which can hinder performance.

2. Profiling: Profiling code is essential for optimization, but having a general idea of operation costs can help avoid gross inefficiencies.

3. Operation Costs:

   • Simple operations like addition and movement can cost less than 1 cycle.
   • Integer multiplication/division is more expensive, costing 1-7 and 12-44 cycles, respectively.
   • Floating-point operations have varied costs; addition is 1-3 cycles, while division can be as high as 37-39 cycles.
   • Vector operations (SIMD) can perform faster due to parallel processing.

4. Memory Access: Access times vary based on cache levels, with L1 cache being the fastest (4 cycles) and main RAM being much slower (around 180 cycles).

5. Branching: The cost of branching can be minimal if predicted correctly (1-2 cycles) but can increase significantly if the prediction fails (10-20 cycles).

6. Function Calls: Direct function calls typically cost around 15-30 cycles. Virtual and indirect calls are generally more expensive due to additional overhead.

7. Thread Context Switching: Context switches can cost around 2000 cycles directly, but additional penalties related to cache invalidation can escalate costs up to millions of cycles.

8. General Optimization Tips:

   • Reduce the number of memory allocations to improve locality and performance.
   • Use inline functions and minimize the use of exceptions for error handling to reduce overhead.

In summary, understanding CPU operation costs helps in writing more efficient code and optimizing performance, especially in high-performance applications.

No summary available.

Summary of Teletext Overview

What is Teletext? Teletext is a technology that provides text-based information through television broadcasts. Despite being seen as outdated, it remains popular in various countries, particularly in Europe.

History of Teletext

• Origin: Teletext began in the UK in the 1970s, initially for subtitles and text information. The BBC launched Ceefax in 1974, while ORACLE followed in 1978.
• Standards: The most common teletext standard is World System Teletext (WST), which supports basic graphics and has been widely adopted across Europe. An alternative, the French Antiope standard, offered more sophisticated graphics but struggled against WST's popularity.

Global Variations

• Canada: Developed the Telidon standard in the late 1970s, which was more advanced but required expensive decoders.
• USA: Faced challenges in standardization due to deregulation and competition among different teletext systems. Eventually led to the creation of NAPLPS, which combined features from various standards.
• Asia: Japan developed the JTES standard, accommodating complex character sets, while countries like Singapore and Malaysia adopted teletext using WST.

Teletext in Eastern Europe and Beyond

• Eastern Bloc countries were slow to adopt teletext, with Hungary being an early adopter in 1982. Some countries, like Yugoslavia, used teletext for important information during conflicts.
• Countries like Russia later developed their own teletext services, and there were unique uses in places like Israel and the UAE.

Current Status

• Teletext remains in use in many countries, particularly in Europe, despite the rise of digital alternatives. It has adapted to various languages and character sets over time.
• The technology has also been associated with adult content, especially in European markets.

Conclusion Teletext has a complex history and has evolved significantly since its inception. While it may seem outdated, it continues to serve a significant audience in various parts of the world.

This text provides an overview of key articles related to the fundamentals of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Here are the main areas covered:

1. Algorithms and Architectures: It discusses various ML and deep learning (DL) algorithms, including regression methods, clustering, support vector machines, decision trees, and advanced concepts like generative adversarial networks (GANs) and reinforcement learning.

2. Data and Training: This section focuses on data handling, training techniques, and model optimization strategies. Topics include data sampling, regularization, gradient descent, fine-tuning models, and the importance of managing data imbalance.

3. Speech Processing: It briefly mentions techniques related to processing speech data.

4. Vision: Covers vision-related models like Vision Transformers and techniques for image generation.

5. Natural Language Processing (NLP): Discusses various NLP tasks, model architectures, and techniques for processing text, such as tokenization, attention mechanisms, and large language models.

6. Multimodal Models: Explores vision-language models that combine visual and textual information.

7. Model Types: Lists several popular models in AI, including BERT, GPT, and ChatGPT.

8. Evaluation Methods: Outlines evaluation metrics and testing methods to assess model performance.

9. MLOps: Focuses on operational aspects of machine learning, including data drift and tooling.

10. On-Device AI: Discusses technologies for running AI models on devices while ensuring privacy and efficiency.

11. Project Management: Covers project planning tools and frameworks for managing AI projects.

12. Miscellaneous Topics: Includes various foundational concepts in AI and ML, debugging, and comparisons between frameworks.

13. Hyperparameter Management: Discusses tuning and logging hyperparameters for model optimization.

14. Practice: Provides interview questions related to AI and ML to help with preparation.

Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the landscape of AI and machine learning.

Sbixel Summary

Sbixel is a simple pixel physics simulator created to learn Rust. It uses the macroquad library for drawing, which is easy to use. The project is mainly for learning and doesn't have major goals.

How It Works The simulator uses a "sector" system to focus on active pixel areas, which helps improve performance. Settings for simulation and performance are located in the src/def.rs file.

Future Plans There are some ideas for improvements, although they may not be implemented soon. These include:

• Upgrading water simulation
• Enhancing sand and water interactions
• Rendering only active pixels instead of the entire window each frame
• Improving the processing logic for pixels
• Adding gas simulation
• Introducing static objects

Getting Started To run the project, you need Rust installed. Use the command cargo run (for better performance, add --release). You are encouraged to explore, experiment, and contribute!

The author discusses improvements made to a fast disk usage program for macOS called dumac, which uses a specific system call to outperform other disk usage tools. After incorporating feedback, they managed to boost performance by about 28%.

Key improvements included:

1. Parallelism Optimization: The program previously utilized a system called Tokio for handling directories, which caused unnecessary thread management overhead. Switching to Rayon allowed for more efficient thread reuse and reduced the creation of new threads for each system call.

2. Benchmark Results: The updated version of dumac showed improved run times, running 1.23 times faster than the previous version. This was achieved by managing fewer threads and reducing unrelated system calls.

3. Inode Lock Contention: To handle duplicate inodes (hard links) more efficiently, the author implemented a sharded hash-set, which reduced lock contention. However, they discovered that sequential inode distribution led to contention issues. By modifying how inodes are sharded (using bit shifting), they significantly lowered the average number of lock collisions, further enhancing performance by around 5%.

Overall, these enhancements have made dumac more efficient and effective in reporting disk usage. The author invites further technical feedback on the updates.

No summary available.

The author is curious if others have changed their views on open sourcing their projects or contributing to open source because of the impact of language models (LLMs). They are unsure about their own stance but have chosen to keep their latest side project private on GitHub.

No summary available.

Summary:

1 Million Rows is developing a fast and reliable management tool. They invite users to view a demo and provide feedback on its features.

Use Cases:

• Project Management
• Sales and Lead Tracking
• Meeting Scheduling
• Task Management
• Research and Content Planning
• Budgeting and Performance Analysis
• Social Media and Supplier Management
• Compliance and Inventory Control

Feature Roadmap:

• Phase 1: Customizable lists, role-based access, real-time updates, status tracking, user assignments, row filtering, and audit trails.
• Phase 2: Notification systems, reminders, discussion spaces, Kanban view, time tracking, and file attachments.
• Phase 3: AI features, mobile apps, collaborative editing, dashboards, integrations, and reporting.

They encourage users to share their thoughts to help shape the tool's development.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Princess Elisabeth von Hessen-Kassel was christened in 1596, and the celebration lasted four days, featuring fireworks, knight tournaments, and elaborate costumes. The event was documented by engineer-engraver Wilhelm Dilich, who created a detailed work called "Description of the Christening of Lady Elisabeth of Hesse." This work included illustrations of guests dressed as historical and mythical figures.

Dilich compared himself to the philosopher Diogenes, stating that he merely observed the festivities without claiming to match their grandeur. He dedicated his work to the nobility of Hesse-Kassel, hoping it would be preserved as a lasting memory of the joyful occasion.

Dilich's manuscript was one of several commemorating Elisabeth's christening. An unknown artist later added colorful floral decorations to the margins, enhancing the manuscript's beauty. A Latin poem within the manuscript wishes for the princess's happiness and compares her to a blossoming flower. Dilich also reflected on human nature and portrayed Elisabeth as a symbol of renewal and abundance, linking her name to themes of growth and fertility.

The Ford Transit recently celebrated its 60th anniversary. Originally launched on August 9, 1965, it was a groundbreaking vehicle known for its spaciousness and practicality, quickly becoming a favorite among tradespeople and even rock bands. Over the years, it has undergone many redesigns and remains the world's best-selling van, with over 13 million units produced.

The Transit is iconic, often recognized as the only famous van, and has been associated with various cultural and historical references, including its use in bank robberies in the 1970s. Initially built in the UK, production moved to Turkey in 2013, which faced backlash for the job losses it caused.

Today, Ford continues to focus on the Transit’s British heritage while developing new models, including electric versions. The company acknowledges that the van market is more competitive now, which could affect brand loyalty in the future.

The text describes a surprising situation where a new door has appeared in a familiar place that the person has walked by before. It mentions an interactive tutorial called "Lists And Lists," created by Andrew Plotkin in 1996. First-time players are encouraged to type "about" for more information. Overall, the scene feels normal except for the unexpected door.

Summary of "Free-Range Kids"

A mother in Virginia faced multiple investigations by Child Protective Services (CPS) for allowing her children, aged 12, 11, and 9, to play outside unsupervised. She highlights a trend where neighbors report unsupervised kids, leading to parental scrutiny and investigations, reflecting a lack of trust in parents and children.

The mother, Emily Fields, detailed her experiences with CPS, starting in 2018 when a neighbor reported her children playing in their yard. Investigations followed, with CPS claiming children must be supervised at all times until they are 13. Even after confirming her home was safe and her children were well-cared for, CPS insisted on strict supervision rules.

In response to these challenges, she became involved with a nonprofit called Let Grow, which advocates for "Reasonable Childhood Independence" laws. Virginia passed such a law in 2023, allowing parents to decide how much independence their children can have.

Despite the new law, Emily's children still feel hesitant about playing freely due to previous experiences. To empower them, she created a "license" stating that they have permission to be outside, which they can show to concerned neighbors. As they grow, her children are learning to embrace their independence, benefiting from the freedom to explore their neighborhood.

It seems like you provided a brief excerpt that mentions "Leaflet© Urlbox" and some related terms like "Homepages to their owners," "About," "FAQ," "Suggest," "Screenshot," "API," "Terms," and "Privacy." However, there is no detailed text to summarize.

If you provide a more specific text or more information, I'd be happy to help summarize it!

This paper discusses "Graham," a system developed for synchronizing clocks in servers by utilizing the properties of local clocks, which can maintain time even when disconnected from remote clocks. Traditional synchronization methods focus on improving precision and frequency but often overlook local clock characteristics, which can lead to synchronization failures when connectivity is lost.

Key points include:

• Clock Drift: Current systems assume a drift rate of 200 parts per million (ppm), leading to potential synchronization failures. Graham reduces this drift to 100 parts per billion (ppb), significantly enhancing accuracy.

• Local Clock Stability: Graham demonstrates that local clocks are more stable than previously assumed. By characterizing the local clock using sensors available in standard servers, the system can determine optimal synchronization rates and tolerance for failures.

• Software Improvements: Instead of requiring specialized hardware, Graham improves clock accuracy through software adjustments, compensating for temperature-induced errors using existing temperature sensors.

• Learning Curve: The system learns the relationship between temperature and clock frequency error over time, allowing for adjustments based on environmental changes without needing constant high-precision synchronization signals.

• Implementation Challenges: The paper details challenges such as timing errors and sensor limitations but outlines methods to address these issues, ensuring robust clock synchronization.

Overall, Graham aims to democratize accurate clock synchronization in distributed systems by leveraging existing hardware and software techniques, achieving high performance without additional costs.

No summary available.

The activity is enjoyable and would have taken more time without the help from Claude. You can check it out using the provided link.

No summary available.

The text discusses Michael Kimmage's analysis of folly in relation to the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Desiderius Erasmus's "The Praise of Folly." Erasmus portrays folly as a goddess that highlights its value in human life, suggesting that folly is inherent in everyone and can lead to joy and creativity, especially in art and love.

Fitzgerald, described as the "most foolish of American writers," exemplifies this concept through his life and works. Despite his immense talent, he often wasted it on fleeting success and struggled with personal issues, including alcoholism. His famous novels, "The Great Gatsby" and "Tender Is the Night," were not commercially successful during his lifetime.

Kimmage contrasts Fitzgerald's lack of traditional wisdom with the deep insights found in his writing. He argues that Fitzgerald’s portrayal of folly is not a denial of wisdom but rather an essential part of understanding human experience. The text suggests that folly and wisdom coexist, and that recognizing this relationship can lead to greater appreciation of both.

Many companies often break their promises, but some promises are self-guaranteeing, meaning they can be verified and cannot be changed without your knowledge.

For example, using a file-over-app means you have control over your files in an open format, which you can use in different applications anytime, rather than just exporting them.

Similarly, stainless steel is a self-guaranteeing promise because you can test its quality with water, and that quality cannot be taken away.

However, terms and policies from companies, like those from Google, Zoom, or Dropbox, are not self-guaranteeing since they can change and affect your data retroactively. A truly self-guaranteeing privacy promise would ensure that the tool cannot access your data at all.

Governance structures and open source alone do not guarantee safety either. Corporate structures can change, and open-source software might still depend on proprietary formats that lock you in.

Choosing a tool always comes with uncertainty about its future due to changing needs, operating systems, or company status. To manage this uncertainty, it's best to select tools that offer self-guaranteeing promises.

No summary available.

The text discusses the phrase "try and" in English, particularly its usage and grammatical properties. Here are the key points:

1. Usage: "Try and" is commonly used in both British and American English, although it's considered less formal than "try to." It has been in use since the late 1500s.

2. Syntactic Properties: "Try and" behaves differently from standard coordination (like "and" between two verbs). For example:

   • A question word can move out of a "try and" structure (e.g., "Who did Mary try and talk to?").
   • The order of verbs in "try and" cannot be switched (e.g., "John will try and kill mosquitos" cannot be reordered).
   • It cannot be used with "both" (e.g., "John will both try and kill mosquitos" is incorrect).
   • The verbs must be in their bare forms (e.g., "I will try and finish the assignment" is correct, but not "I tried and finish(ed) the assignment").

3. Dialect Variation: Some dialects show different patterns, such as allowing inflected forms in "try and."

4. Restrictions: The phrase "try and" cannot be separated by adverbs or negation, and it cannot use ellipsis (e.g., "Sure, I'll try to" is correct, but "Sure, I'll try and" is not).

5. Other Instances: The text mentions other phrases where "to" can be replaced by "and," indicating similar syntactic behavior, like "be sure and" or motion verbs like "come and."

Overall, "try and" is a unique English construction with specific grammatical rules and variations across dialects.

No summary available.

Mark Zuckerberg moved into the Crescent Park neighborhood of Palo Alto, known for its idyllic California lifestyle, where families of professionals like doctors, lawyers, and professors have lived in charming homes for years. The neighborhood is characterized by a friendly atmosphere, with vibrant community events such as annual block parties.

No summary available.

The article discusses the unique social structure aboard U.S. Navy submarines, particularly focusing on new crew members known as NUBs (Non-Useful Bodies). When sailors first join a submarine, they are treated with contempt and must go through a rigorous qualification process to become full-fledged submariners.

The qualification process has four phases:

1. Orientation: New members learn about the submarine systems and meet crew members.
2. System Knowledge: They must memorize details about every system on the submarine and understand emergency procedures.
3. Walkthrough: NUBs physically tour the submarine in protective gear while answering questions about their training.
4. The Board: An oral interview with qualified crew members to assess their knowledge and readiness.

Once they earn their "dolphins," they are categorized into two main groups: Nukes, who work in the engine room and are highly technical, and Coners, who occupy other roles on the submarine.

Nukes include Reactor Operators, Nuclear Electricians, and Nuclear Mechanics, each with specific responsibilities. Coners are a mix of various roles, including Radiomen, Quartermasters, Sonarmen, Missile Technicians, Auxiliarymen, Torpedomen, Cooks, Yeomen, and the Corpsman (Doc).

The article highlights the camaraderie and teamwork among the diverse crew, showing how they work together under stressful conditions to operate effectively as a unit. Overall, life on a submarine is challenging but rewarding, showcasing the strength of a diverse team.

Summary:

The author discusses an interesting phenomenon related to TCP networking, where a client (like the telnet application) can connect to itself. This occurs due to how the operating system assigns random source ports from a specified range (ephemeral ports) when a connection is initiated.

Here's a simplified breakdown:

• When you try to connect to a port (e.g., 50000) on your own computer (localhost), the system usually responds with "Connection refused" because no server is listening on that port.
• However, during repeated connection attempts, the telnet client may eventually be assigned the same source port (50000) it is trying to connect to. This leads to a successful connection because both the source and destination ports are the same.
• The author emphasizes that this self-connection is valid according to TCP specifications, even though it typically involves two different endpoints.

The key takeaway is that using ephemeral ports for servers can lead to unpredictable behavior, and it's advised not to do so to avoid complications in TCP connection handling.

No summary available.

Summary of "How to Lie with Statistics"

"How to Lie with Statistics" is a book by Darrell Huff, published in 1954. It serves as an accessible introduction to statistics for general readers, highlighting how statistics can be misused or misinterpreted, leading to false conclusions.

Key points include:

• The book emphasizes that "correlation does not imply causation," meaning just because two things are related does not mean one causes the other.
• It explains how random sampling is important for accurate statistics.
• Huff discusses how graphs can be manipulated to distort reality, such as by altering scales to exaggerate differences or using misleading pictograms.

The book has sold over 1.5 million copies and has been a popular textbook in college courses. Its engaging illustrations, originally by Irving Geis, enhance its appeal and clarity.

On August 10, 2025, Rodney Brooks revisited an essay he wrote in 1988 about artificial intelligence (AI), reflecting on its history and the cycles of high expectations and disappointments surrounding it. In the original piece, he discussed how AI has often raised hopes but has not always delivered as expected. He pointed out that while robots and expert systems showed promise, they fell short of the grand predictions made about their capabilities.

Brooks highlighted the current trend of neural networks, noting that this is not a new concept, as similar excitement occurred in the 1960s. He cautioned that, despite advancements, neural networks still face limitations and cannot solve all problems. He emphasized that true intelligence in machines involves complex processes rather than a single breakthrough.

In his commentary, Brooks expressed optimism about the future of AI while acknowledging the cyclical nature of hype in the field. He discussed the tendency to overestimate short-term effects of technology while underestimating long-term impacts, a principle known as Amara’s Law. He concluded that while AI development may seem slow and complex, understanding it can lead to practical applications that reflect human creativity.

No summary available.

The writer is feeling frustrated and has lost faith in their co-founder and CEO after working together for over two years. They believe the CEO is not capable of handling sales and that the company has been stagnant for a year. Despite trying to improve the situation, the writer does not want to continue working with the CEO.

Currently, the company has investors, revenue, and other partnerships. Recently, they let go of a co-founder and signed a new partnership agreement, which includes a vesting period that started six months ago. This means if the writer leaves now, they would lose their benefits. They are seeking advice on how to navigate this difficult situation since they are unhappy but feel trapped.

No summary available.

Alicia Kemp, a 25-year-old British backpacker, has pleaded guilty to killing a man while riding an e-scooter while heavily intoxicated in Australia. On a Saturday in May, after being kicked out of a bar for being drunk, Kemp and a friend rented an e-scooter. She was driving at speeds of 20 to 25 km/h (12 to 15 mph) when she hit 51-year-old Thanh Phan, who was waiting to cross the road. Phan suffered a fatal head injury and died in the hospital two days later. Kemp's blood alcohol level was recorded at 0.158, more than three times the legal limit of 0.05 in Australia. She has been charged with dangerous driving causing death, which could lead to a maximum 20-year prison sentence. Kemp will remain in custody until her sentencing, which she hopes will occur before Christmas.

No summary available.

The founder of interviewing.io, an anonymous mock interview platform, shared an incident where LinkedIn deleted her account after she posted about new interview prep materials, which included some critical content about LinkedIn itself. She speculates that this could have been due to a mistake, poor identity management, or an attempt by LinkedIn to suppress competition.

After initially being locked out of her account, which was completely removed from the platform along with her company’s followers, she managed to get it reinstated through personal connections. When she inquired about the deletion, LinkedIn cited security concerns but seemed to imply that her content triggered the action.

She raised concerns about LinkedIn's ability to manage user identities effectively, especially given the platform's role in hiring. She argues that without proper identity verification, LinkedIn fails to maintain its credibility as a recruiting platform.

Additionally, she highlighted the problematic nature of potentially anti-competitive practices disguised as security measures, expressing disappointment in LinkedIn's handling of user accounts. She encourages others who have faced similar issues to reach out to her, as she believes this is a widespread problem that deserves attention.

I've created many interpreters, and Bolt is my ideal scripting language. This is its first public release, version 0.1.0!

I've noticed that many embedded languages are focusing more on safety and typing, like Python with type hints, the rise of TypeScript, and Luau, which is used in a big scripting environment.

Bolt aims to integrate safety and performance directly into the language, rather than as a separate step.

In the coming weeks, I will share examples and applications that use Bolt, so check out the examples and programming guide in the repository if you're interested!

No summary available.

The text discusses the process of creating the longest ski jump in the video game "The Games: Winter Challenge." The author initially explores how copy protection affects jump distances before realizing it is possible to exceed 100 meters under certain conditions.

To find the maximum jump distance, two approaches were considered: using tool-assisted speedrun techniques or analyzing the game's code. The author chose the latter, focusing on understanding the game's mechanics by examining its binary code. Key components of the ski jump event include controlling the jumper's position on the ramp, the timing of the jump, adjusting ski angles during flight, and landing techniques.

The author dissects the game's replay file format to understand how inputs are recorded and how they affect the jump. They find that the game uses a physics simulation to model the jumper's motion and that the distance is affected by factors such as speed, drag, and the angle of the skis.

After reconstructing the game's logic, the author creates a simulation in a higher-level programming language, allowing for testing and optimization of jump distances. Through this process, they discover strategies to reduce drag and maximize speed, including a technique called the "wiggle technique" to gain additional speed while descending the ramp.

Finally, the author optimizes for the final landing distance by managing drag effectively, leading to a record jump of 113.8 meters. They acknowledge that while the final jump may not be the absolute maximum possible, it reflects a thorough understanding of the game mechanics. The journey was more about learning the intricacies of the game's design rather than achieving a visually impressive jump.

In summary, the text is about reverse-engineering a video game to optimize gameplay mechanics, specifically to achieve the longest ski jump by understanding and manipulating the underlying code and physics simulation.

No summary available.

Summary of Events in JavaScript

What are Events? Events are actions or occurrences in a program that the system recognizes, allowing your code to respond to them. Examples include user actions like clicking a button, pressing a key, or submitting a form.

Key Concepts:

• Event Listeners: These are functions that wait for an event to occur. You use addEventListener() to attach a listener to an element. For instance, when a button is clicked, a function can change the background color of the page.
• Event Handler: This is the function that runs in response to an event. You can define it inline or as a separate named function.
• Event Objects: When an event occurs, an event object is created that contains information about the event, such as which element was interacted with.

Types of Events: Events can include user actions like clicks, mouse movements, key presses, form submissions, and more.

Removing Event Listeners: You can remove an event listener using removeEventListener(), which can help manage performance in larger applications.

Using Multiple Listeners: You can attach multiple functions to a single event using addEventListener().

Best Practices:

• Prefer addEventListener() over inline event handlers or event handler properties (like onclick) to keep JavaScript separate from HTML and to allow multiple listeners for the same event.
• Avoid inline event handlers as they can make code harder to maintain.

Preventing Default Behavior: Sometimes you might want to stop an event from executing its default action (like submitting a form). You can use the preventDefault() method in your event handler to do this.

Conclusion: Understanding events is crucial for creating interactive web applications. You can respond to user actions and control the behavior of your web pages effectively using event listeners and handlers.

The EU is proposing a "Chat Control" policy that would require scanning all private digital communications, including encrypted messages and photos, which raises serious privacy and security concerns for its 450 million citizens. Key points include:

• Mass Surveillance: Every message and photo would be scanned automatically, without any suspicion needed.
• Breaking Encryption: This would weaken encryption, making private communications more vulnerable to hackers and criminals.
• Privacy Rights: The proposal undermines fundamental privacy rights guaranteed by the EU Charter.
• False Positives: Automated scanning could misidentify innocent content as illegal, leading to false accusations.
• Child Protection: Experts warn that mass surveillance is ineffective in protecting children and may divert resources from effective measures.
• Global Precedent: This could encourage authoritarian governments to adopt similar intrusive surveillance practices.

EU politicians would be exempt from this surveillance, raising fairness concerns. Citizens are encouraged to contact their Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) to oppose this mass surveillance initiative.

I created a search engine called Engineering.fyi to help people find real-world examples from engineering blogs without having to check each one individually. The challenge is that valuable insights from companies like Google, Meta, and Stripe are spread across many blogs and hard to find.

Engineering.fyi indexes blogs from about 15 major companies, allowing users to search and filter articles by topic, difficulty, and code samples. It was built using Next.js, SQLite, and DrizzleORM, with custom scrapers for each blog.

Right now, the core search feature is operational, and I’m adding new blogs every week. Future updates may include AI-generated summaries, a weekly digest of popular insights, and the ability to save or bookmark articles.

I’m facing challenges with custom parsing for each blog and improving the tagging system. I would appreciate feedback on which company blogs to add, the usefulness of AI summaries, and how people currently find engineering articles.

The text discusses the current state of development using Large Language Models (LLMs) as coding tools. Here are the key points summarized:

1. Ease of Use: Integrating LLMs into coding workflows is straightforward, but they aren't essential for everyone.

2. Limitations:

   • LLMs don’t guarantee production-ready code and can struggle with complex codebases.
   • They perform best with well-structured and documented code.
   • LLMs are less effective outside of popular programming languages and frameworks.

3. Agent Workflows: Modern LLMs use "agents" to interact with APIs and databases but lack true intelligence or reflection.

4. Product Evaluation:

   • Github Copilot: A popular option with good value but heavily tied to VSCode.
   • Claude Code Pro: A terminal-based tool that has some advantages but is limited in interface.
   • Gemini CLI and Jules: Poor user experience and complicated pricing.
   • Other IDEs: Many AI-focused IDEs have opaque pricing and functionality issues.

5. Performance Insights:

   • LLMs excel with well-defined tasks like writing Rust code but struggle with Python unless it's strictly typed.
   • They are helpful for standard implementations, integration tests, and quick bug fixes but often lead to code that requires significant rewriting.

6. Conclusion: While LLMs can enhance certain coding tasks, they also have many limitations. They shouldn't be seen as a replacement for traditional coding skills, and developers should not feel pressured to use them. The author recommends Github Copilot for its balance of functionality and customization but warns against over-reliance on LLMs. The future should focus on lighter, more specialized LLMs.

Summary:

A recent report shows that Google TV is struggling to make money. The company has started returning ad inventory to publishers instead of selling it directly, indicating difficulties in monetizing the platform. Despite investing hundreds of millions into Google TV, the returns have been minimal.

Google's shift in strategy comes after realizing they weren't successful in selling ads, leading them to let publishers keep more control over their ad space. Although Google TV has over 270 million active users, it hasn’t broken even financially, and competition from companies like Amazon is increasing.

Amazon has begun selling Fire TV-equipped Hisense TVs, outbidding Google for retail partnerships. Meanwhile, Google is focusing more on YouTube, which has been more successful in generating ad revenue. This has raised questions within Google about the future of Google TV, as they may reconsider further investments in the platform.

The author proposes improvements to string-to-integer parser functions in programming languages. Currently, these functions convert string representations of numbers into integers, but the author suggests that they should also handle inputs in scientific notation, specifically "E" notation (e.g., "1E3" for 1000).

Key points of the proposal include:

1. Two Result Types: The parser should return either a valid integer or indicate a rejection (with an exception, null, or a Boolean flag), avoiding any ambiguous results.

2. E Notation Support: The author wants parsers to recognize "E" notation for large numbers, allowing users to input integers in a more concise way.

3. Decimal Mode: The proposed functions should default to decimal parsing, with the possibility of supporting other bases through optional flags.

4. Validation Concerns: The author acknowledges that some existing code may rely on current rejection behaviors but argues that accepting "E" notation would not cause significant issues for most practical applications.

5. Future Ideas: The author hints at a potential future proposal for a similar notation ("H" for hexadecimal).

In summary, the author seeks to enhance the usability of parsers by permitting scientific notation for integers, making it easier to input large round numbers without counting zeros.

Summary: Bouncing on Trampolines to Run eBPF Programs

This blog post discusses the performance optimizations of eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) programs in the Linux kernel, particularly focusing on a mechanism called the eBPF trampoline. As eBPF becomes more prevalent for system monitoring and security, it’s crucial to minimize the overhead of executing these programs, especially when they are triggered frequently.

Key Points:

1. eBPF Tracing Programs: These programs help monitor kernel execution. They can hook into various events using different program types, such as kprobe (hooks anywhere in the kernel), tracepoint, and perf event programs.

2. Example of eBPF Usage: A simple eBPF program can monitor file opening attempts by hooking into the openat2 system call.

3. Traditional kprobe Mechanism: Traditionally, attaching a kprobe involves patching kernel instructions to trigger exceptions and execute eBPF programs. This method can introduce significant overhead due to frequent context switches.

4. eBPF Trampoline: The trampoline mechanism allows for more efficient calls to eBPF programs by directly jumping to them, reducing the overhead associated with exception handling. This requires dynamically generated trampolines for each function to ensure proper argument passing.

5. Advanced Tracing: The trampoline can also handle more complex scenarios, such as capturing both function entry and exit, allowing for more comprehensive monitoring with lower overhead.

6. Architecture Support: Implementing the trampoline mechanism requires architecture-specific adjustments, as each architecture has different calling conventions and register management. Recent efforts have improved support for ARM64 architecture to ensure it can utilize eBPF features effectively.

The post highlights the ongoing developments and optimizations in eBPF technology, emphasizing its growing importance in Linux kernel performance and monitoring.

A new one-size-fits-all vaccine for pancreatic cancer has shown promise in early trials. While it doesn't prevent cancer from occurring, it may help reduce the chances of the cancer returning after treatment. Pancreatic cancer has a low five-year survival rate of about 13%, and many cases recur after initial treatment.

The vaccine targets KRAS gene mutations, which are found in a significant number of pancreatic and colorectal cancers. In a Phase 1 trial involving 25 participants with these mutations, around 85% developed an immune response to the vaccine. Notably, about two-thirds had a strong enough response to potentially eliminate remaining cancer cells after surgery.

Participants lived an average of 29 months, with over 15 months without recurrence post-vaccination, which is better than typical outcomes for similar cancers. This vaccine is designed to be off-the-shelf, unlike many cancer vaccines that require personalization based on individual tumors.

Researchers believe that this vaccine, using specially designed peptides, could engage the immune system effectively, paving the way for future breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Further trials are needed to confirm these promising early results.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Ken Shirriff's blog explores the intricate details of the Intel 386 processor, first released in 1985 as the first 32-bit chip in the x86 line. Using a 3-D CT scan, he unveils the complexity hidden within the processor's ceramic package, which contains six layers of wiring and two separate power networks for I/O and CPU logic.

The 386 chip is encased in a ceramic package with 132 gold-plated pins. The internal structure features tiny gold bond wires and is designed like a six-layer printed circuit board, allowing for efficient power distribution and thermal management. This design was a significant advancement compared to earlier Intel processors, which struggled with packaging limitations.

The manufacturing process for the ceramic package involves multiple steps, including stacking flexible ceramic sheets, forming wiring, and sintering them to create a rigid structure. The final chip undergoes thorough testing before being sold.

Shirriff also highlights the separate power and ground connections for the I/O and logic circuits to prevent interference during operation. Additionally, he notes the presence of "No Connect" pins that may have testing purposes during manufacturing.

Overall, the article emphasizes how the 386's packaging was a crucial factor in its performance and serves as a precursor to modern processors, which now feature even greater complexity and connectivity.

No summary available.

A friend expressed a desire for a completely local system without cloud reliance for tasks like coding and accessing information. This leads to a need for a setup that includes:

• Local Large Language Models (LLMs) for chat.
• A secure environment to run generated code, utilizing tools like Docker or lightweight virtual machines (VMs).
• A headless browser for online access.

The Idea: The goal was to create a private system where LLMs run locally, code executes in a secure VM, and a headless browser helps with internet access. This setup aims to protect user privacy, avoiding potential data leaks that can happen through cloud-based services.

The Technology Used:

• LLMs: Ollama for local models.
• Frontend UI: Assistant-UI.
• Sandboxed VM Runtime: Apple’s container technology.
• Orchestration: Coderunner.
• Browser Automation: Playwright.

Development Challenges: Initial attempts to create a Mac app faced difficulties, so the team opted for a local web version instead. They also ran into issues integrating multiple LLMs and ensuring tool-calling capabilities.

Key Features:

• The system can perform various tasks like research, video and image editing, and installing tools from GitHub, all while maintaining privacy.
• It has a shared volume for safe file management between the host and the container.

Limitations & Future Improvements: The setup currently only works on Apple Silicon and needs a better user interface. Additionally, the headless browser faces restrictions on some websites.

Conclusion: This project is about restoring control to users by enabling local computing without cloud dependencies. It’s available for others to use and contribute to on GitHub.

Flintlock Overview

Flintlock is a community-driven service for creating and managing microVMs (small virtual machines) on a host machine. Initially developed by Weaveworks, it supports Cloud Hypervisor and Firecracker VMMs. Flintlock is designed for various applications, particularly for creating microVMs in a virtualized Kubernetes cluster.

Key Features:

• Create and delete microVMs.
• Manage microVM lifecycle (start, stop, pause).
• Configure microVM settings using cloud-init or ignition.
• Use OCI images for microVM storage.
• Collect microVM metrics for monitoring with Prometheus.
• (Coming soon) Configure microVM networking with CNI.

Getting Involved: Contributions are encouraged, and the community can be contacted via the #liquidmetal channel on CNCF Slack. Additional resources include documentation, an issue tracker, and milestones.

Compatibility: Flintlock is compatible with specific versions of Firecracker and Cloud Hypervisor. Note that the Weaveworks fork of Firecracker is no longer supported.

License: Flintlock is licensed under MPL-2.0.

Acknowledgements: Thanks to Weaveworks for their contributions to the open-source community, particularly in early Kubernetes development.

No summary available.

The text discusses various activities and offerings related to a museum. Key points include:

• Visit and Explore: Information on visiting the museum, including locations like South Kensington and Tring.
• Activities: Opportunities to engage with science, wildlife, and nature through events and activities.
• Support: Ways to support the museum through membership, donations, and corporate partnerships.
• Exhibitions: Highlights of exhibitions like British wildlife, dinosaurs, and space.

Overall, it encourages participation and support for the museum while showcasing its features and educational opportunities.

The text discusses a document titled "Meta Leaks Part 1: Israel & Meta," which addresses a significant global censorship issue involving Israel and the Meta platform (formerly Facebook). It explains that Meta's content enforcement system is influenced by numerous takedown requests, which can lead to the censorship of many users and posts. The document is available in various formats for download, and users are alerted that they need to enable JavaScript in their browsers to access the in-browser book reader. Additionally, there are options for users to flag content and share the document on social media.

No summary available.

Summary of ECScape: Understanding IAM Privilege Boundaries in Amazon ECS

Overview: This article discusses a security risk in Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service) called ECScape, where low-privileged tasks can impersonate higher-privileged tasks on the same EC2 instance, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive resources.

Key Points:

1. Discovery of ECScape:

   • The author, Naor Haziz, discovered a method to exploit the ECS agent's internal protocol to access credentials of other ECS tasks running on the same EC2 host.

2. Mechanism:

   • The exploit allows a compromised low-privileged task to steal the IAM credentials of higher-privileged tasks by impersonating the ECS agent. This involves querying the instance metadata service (IMDS) to obtain host credentials and then using those to connect to the ECS control plane.

3. Implications:

   • The attack can lead to cross-task privilege escalation, allowing attackers to access sensitive data and resources across tasks. For instance, a security scanning task could gain access to a database backup task's credentials.

4. Stealthy Operation:

   • Actions performed using stolen credentials appear to originate from the legitimate task, making detection difficult. Monitoring tools might not flag these activities unless they deviate significantly from normal behavior.

5. Mitigation Strategies:

   • Avoid co-locating high-privilege and low-privilege tasks on the same EC2 instance.
   • Use AWS Fargate for tasks that require stronger isolation, as it prevents this type of credential sharing.
   • Restrict access to the IMDS and enforce least privilege on IAM roles to limit the impact of any potential compromise.

6. AWS Response:

   • AWS stated that this behavior is a design consideration of ECS and not a vulnerability. They encourage users to architect their systems to enforce proper isolation. AWS also updated documentation to highlight these risks.

Conclusion: ECScape highlights critical security risks in shared container environments and emphasizes the importance of proper configurations and isolation strategies in cloud architecture to mitigate potential exploits. Understanding how ECS handles credential delivery is vital for securing applications deployed in such environments.

No summary available.

The article discusses running 5000 virtual Linux IoT devices on an Ampere One 192-core machine with 1TB of RAM, using the Nerves framework. The author, who is involved in a conference sponsored by Ampere, shares insights from their experimentation with KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) for improved performance.

Key points include:

• Nerves Framework: It allows developers to create embedded devices using Elixir, treating the BEAM virtual machine as the operating system while relying on Linux for low-level functions.
• Bootloader Development: A new bootloader, called "little_loader," was created to enhance the boot process for ARM64 devices, improving upgrade features.
• KVM Acceleration: Utilizing KVM significantly speeds up the virtual machines, reducing memory usage and boot times.
• Successful Scaling: The setup successfully supported 3389 simultaneous connections and has run up to 5100 devices, indicating strong performance.
• Memory Management: The author explored various techniques to optimize memory usage in both the BEAM and Linux, leading to more efficient operation.
• Future Work: Plans include further tuning, creating documentation, and making the system part of the Nerves toolkit for easier use by developers.

Overall, the work showcases the potential of virtualized IoT device management and the benefits of using advanced tools like KVM and Nerves.

A ChatGPT Pro subscription costs the equivalent of 38.6 months of income for people in low-income countries. For those in low and middle-income countries, it takes about half a year of income to afford newer models like Gemini Ultra. These advanced AI tools are mainly beneficial for high-level tasks, and there is a significant productivity gap between users in high-income countries and those in developing nations.

The author expresses concern over the high pricing of these services, suggesting companies like Google and OpenAI should consider more affordable options for developing countries, possibly by offering reduced rates to universities. While some argue that prices might decrease over time, the current costs highlight the disparity in access to advanced AI technologies, known as the "AI Access Gap."

No summary available.

Flock, a surveillance company, has introduced a new feature that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze driving patterns and flag individuals as “suspicious” to the police. This means that police could target people based on algorithmic assessments of their movements, rather than any actual suspicious behavior. Flock has an extensive license plate tracking system that collects data on Americans' movements and provides it to law enforcement.

The company's new AI capabilities include alerts for vehicles detected in multiple states, which can help identify connections to major crimes. Additionally, features like “Linked Vehicles” allow police to track associations between vehicles. Critics argue that this expands Flock’s role from simply monitoring vehicles to actively generating suspicion against innocent citizens based on their travel patterns.

The concern is that this surveillance is intrusive and unjust, particularly since Flock is a private company without public oversight. There are worries about the potential biases in the AI algorithms, which could unfairly target individuals from certain neighborhoods based on past criminal data. Overall, the expansion of Flock's surveillance capabilities raises significant privacy and civil rights issues, prompting calls for communities to reject participation in such systems.

Summary: Writing Your Own Simple Tab-Completions for Bash and Zsh

This guide explains how to create tab-completions for command-line tools that work in both Bash and Zsh. It highlights the differences between the two shells and provides methods to include descriptions for each command completion.

1. Basic Tab Completion:

   • Tab-completion activates when the user presses <TAB>. A handler function generates a list of possible completions based on the current input.
   • The post provides a simple example function that lists fruit names as completions.

2. Zsh vs. Bash:

   • Zsh can show descriptions alongside completions, while Bash cannot do this natively.
   • The example functions _complete_foo_bash and _complete_foo_zsh handle completions differently for each shell.

3. Adding Descriptions:

   • In Zsh, you can pass completions with descriptions to the compadd function. In Bash, only the completion words are returned.
   • The post provides modified functions that show how to handle descriptions in Zsh and a workaround for Bash.

4. Improving User Experience:

   • The guide describes a method to show descriptions even when a completion is fully typed by creating an ambiguous completion that prompts the shell to display descriptions.

5. Final Code:

   • The final code snippets for both Bash and Zsh are presented, allowing users to implement tab-completions that show available options and descriptions.

This summary captures the key points of how to set up tab-completions across two popular shell environments, focusing on ease of understanding and practical implementation.

Zach Daniel discusses a common misconception in the Elixir programming community: the phrase "let it crash." He argues that this saying can mislead newcomers and promote poor coding practices. In Elixir, processes can crash and be restarted by supervisors, which allows developers to focus less on error handling. However, the phrase may suggest that crashing is acceptable for the entire application, which can lead to a negative user experience.

Daniel emphasizes that processes are linked to real-world tasks (like handling web requests), and crashing can disrupt user interactions. Instead of solely relying on crashing, developers should aim to handle errors gracefully and communicate issues to users effectively.

He suggests that a better approach is "let it heal," highlighting that while processes can crash, they are designed to recover and restart. This captures the strength of the Elixir environment, where processes can be restarted without losing track of their purpose. Overall, he encourages a more nuanced understanding of error handling in Elixir.

Summary of Abogen

Abogen is a user-friendly text-to-speech tool that converts ePub, PDF, or text files into high-quality audio with synchronized subtitles quickly. It's useful for creating audiobooks or voiceovers for social media platforms like Instagram and YouTube.

Key Features:

• Quick Conversion: Converts text files to audio in seconds, with subtitles.
• Multiple File Formats: Supports ePub, PDF, and plain text files.
• Custom Voice Options: Users can select or create custom voices using a voice mixer.
• Subtitles: Generates subtitles in various formats and styles.

Installation Instructions:

• Windows: Install through an installer or a script that manages dependencies automatically.
• Mac and Linux: Use package managers to install necessary components and set up a virtual environment for installation.

How to Use:

1. Drag and drop files or use the built-in editor.
2. Set preferences for speech speed, voice, subtitle style, and output format.
3. Start the conversion process.

Additional Features:

• Supports batch processing of multiple files.
• Allows chapter handling for eBooks, including saving chapters separately.
• Metadata tags can be added for audiobook formats.

Supported Languages: Includes English, Spanish, French, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Mandarin.

Troubleshooting and Contributions: Users can run Abogen in command-line mode for error details and are encouraged to contribute to its development.

Licensing: Abogen is under the MIT License, and Kokoro, the underlying technology for voice synthesis, is under Apache-2.0.

Important Note: Currently, subtitle generation is only available in English.

Researchers at Penn State have developed a method to remotely detect and transcribe phone conversations by capturing the tiny vibrations from a cellphone's earpiece using a millimeter-wave radar sensor. This technique, known as "wireless-tapping," can decode conversations from up to 10 feet away, achieving about 60% accuracy for a vocabulary of 10,000 words.

The team adapted an AI speech recognition model called "Whisper" to interpret these vibrations, improving upon previous work that only recognized a few predefined words. They used a method that allows them to specialize the model to handle noisy radar data by adjusting just 1% of the model's parameters.

While the accuracy is still limited, the researchers highlighted potential privacy risks and the possibility of misuse by bad actors to eavesdrop on conversations. They aim to raise public awareness about these risks, encouraging caution during sensitive calls. The research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Summary: Engineer's Perspective on Hiring

The author discusses the challenges of hiring in tech companies, emphasizing that many companies have inefficient processes that waste time for both interviewers and candidates. The key points include:

1. Hiring Problems: Companies often fail at hiring, leading to prolonged interview processes and poor candidate experiences. Talented programmers may struggle to find jobs due to ineffective interview techniques.

2. Good Interview Principles:

   • Interviews should effectively differentiate candidates based on skills.
   • They should reflect actual job duties, including various aspects of software engineering.
   • The focus should be on long-term employee potential rather than immediate needs.
   • Time efficiency is crucial, as engineers’ time is valuable.
   • Respect for candidates is essential to attract the best talent.

3. Common Interview Formats:

   • Live Coding: Often fails to differentiate candidates and does not reflect real job tasks. It can be stressful, filtering out strong candidates.
   • Take-Home Interviews: Similar issues as live coding but can be gamed easily.
   • Architecture Design: Better at assessing candidates but can misjudge their actual coding skills.
   • Meet the Team: More about personality fit than skills.
   • Extended Essays and Work Samples: Effective but time-intensive.
   • Code Review: A preferred method that balances time and provides insight into a candidate's skills and teamwork.

4. Proposed Solutions:

   • A combination of code reviews and work sample discussions could provide a better assessment of candidates.
   • Ensuring at least one interview with the future manager can help improve job fit and reduce turnover.

The author encourages companies to rethink their hiring processes to better identify and respect talent.

Debian 13, codenamed "trixie," was released on August 9, 2025, after over two years of development. It will receive updates and support for the next five years from the Debian Security and Long Term Support teams.

Key features of Debian 13 trixie include:

• Support for various desktop environments: GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.
• A total of 69,830 packages, with over 14,100 new additions and 44,326 updates.
• Improved translations for manual pages, especially in Romanian and Polish.
• Official support for the 64-bit RISC-V architecture.
• i386 architecture is no longer supported.
• Significant updates to popular software like Apache, Bash, and LibreOffice.

Debian 13 aims to be versatile, suitable for desktops, servers, and cloud environments. Users can try it via live images before installation, and the upgrade process from the previous version (Debian 12) is managed by the APT tool.

For assistance and more details, users are encouraged to check the release notes or visit the Debian website.

Ukraine's Operation Spiderweb, which targets Russian air bases, is prompting the Pentagon to change its strategy for air and homeland defense.

Summary of How I Use Tailscale

Tailscale is a user-friendly tool that simplifies connecting various devices and applications, functioning like a VPN but with added features. It's easy to set up: install the Tailscale client on your devices, authenticate, and you can connect without complex configurations or key distribution.

Key features include:

• Simple Connectivity: Tailscale allows devices behind different networks to communicate using private IPs.
• SSH Support: It streamlines SSH connections by handling authentication without needing passwords or keys.
• Service Exposure: You can expose individual services on your machines rather than the whole device, making it easier to manage.
• MagicDNS: This feature automatically assigns DNS names to devices, avoiding the need for manual entry.
• Public Sharing: Tailscale’s funnel feature lets you temporarily expose services to the public without requiring others to have Tailscale installed.
• Enhanced Authentication: Users can log in via custom providers, making access smoother and more secure.

The author also discusses the importance of access control lists (ACLs) to secure their network, sharing their experiences with tagging devices for better management. They emphasize that Tailscale has numerous other features, like exit nodes and file sharing, making it valuable for anyone managing servers or self-hosting applications. Overall, Tailscale significantly improves the ease of managing networked devices.

For HTML Day 2025, I created a web service that shows the current sky colors at your location using a CSS gradient. The colors are generated based on how the atmosphere absorbs and scatters light, and the display updates every minute without needing JavaScript. You can find the source code and more information on GitHub.

Summary of Bottles by NLnet

Bottles, supported by NLnet's 2025 Commons Fund, allows users to run Windows software on Linux easily. Here are the key features:

• Gaming Ready: Bottles is designed for gaming, with preconfigured settings for popular Windows games and access to major game stores like Epic Games and Battle.net.

• Customizable Environments: Users can select between pre-set environments tailored for gaming or software, or customize their own setup.

• Tweakable Settings: Users can easily adjust settings like dxvk and gamemode to optimize performance.

• Dependency Management: Bottles includes an integrated manager to automatically install necessary software dependencies.

• One-Click Installers: Community-created installers simplify the process of setting up games and applications, handling all dependencies automatically.

• Snapshot Management: Users can restore previous states of their setup easily, with automatic snapshots created during installations.

• Safety and Isolation: Bottles operate in a secure, sandboxed environment, protecting the system from unwanted access.

Bottles aims to make Windows software accessible on Linux while ensuring ease of use and safety.

Claude Code IDE for Emacs Summary

Overview Claude Code IDE for Emacs is a package that connects the Claude Code CLI with Emacs, allowing Claude to utilize Emacs features like project management and custom functions. This makes Claude a knowledgeable AI assistant within your Emacs environment.

Key Features

• Automatic project detection and session management.
• Full-color terminal integration.
• Access to various Emacs functions through the MCP (Model Context Protocol).
• Integration with diagnostic tools like Flycheck and Flymake.
• Advanced diff viewing and better context awareness.

Emacs Integration Claude Code can use Emacs capabilities such as:

• Language Server Protocol (LSP) for code navigation.
• Tree-sitter for code structure analysis.
• Imenu for symbol listing.
• Project-aware operations.

Installation To install, you need:

• Emacs version 28.1 or higher.
• Claude Code CLI installed.
• Either the vterm or eat package for terminal support.

Installation commands are provided for both use-package and straight.el.

Usage You can interact with Claude Code IDE through an interactive menu by running M-x claude-code-ide-menu. Various commands allow you to start sessions, send prompts, and manage projects.

Multi-Project Support Claude Code can handle multiple projects, each with its own instance, allowing for simultaneous work on different branches.

Configuration Options You can customize settings like:

• Path to the Claude Code CLI.
• Buffer naming conventions.
• Terminal backend (vterm or eat).
• Diagnostic backend (Flycheck/Flymake).

Terminal Functionality Claude Code provides specific keybindings for easier terminal interaction and includes features to manage flickering and display issues.

Diagnostics and Debugging It supports diagnostics through Flycheck and Flymake and offers debugging options to log messages and errors.

Custom Tools You can create custom tools that allow Claude to execute specific Emacs functions, enhancing its capabilities.

License This project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 or later.

Related Projects

• Claude Code CLI
• Claude Code VS Code Extension
• Neovim integration (claudecode.nvim)

This summary captures the essence of Claude Code IDE for Emacs, presenting its main features, installation steps, and configuration options in a clear and concise manner.

POML: Prompt Orchestration Markup Language

POML is a new markup language created to improve prompt engineering for Large Language Models (LLMs). It helps organize prompts, integrates different data types, and manages how prompts are presented, making it easier for developers to build advanced LLM applications.

Key Features:

• Structured Prompting: Uses an HTML-like format with tags like <role>, <task>, and <example> to improve clarity and reusability.
• Data Handling: Can include various data types (e.g., documents, images) easily, allowing for rich content in prompts.
• Presentation Styling: A CSS-like system lets developers change the look of prompts without altering their core logic.
• Templating Engine: Offers tools for creating dynamic prompts using variables, loops, and conditionals.

Development Tools:

• IDE Extension: Available for Visual Studio Code, providing features like syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and real-time testing.
• SDKs: Supports Node.js and Python for easy integration into applications.

Quick Start:

An example POML file defines a teacher role, a task about photosynthesis, and includes an image. It also specifies how the output should be formatted.

Installation:

• For Visual Studio Code, install the extension from the marketplace or manually.
• For Node.js, use npm install pomljs.
• For Python, use pip install poml.

Additional Information:

• For more details on using POML, refer to the documentation and watch the demo video.
• Contributions are welcome, following the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct.
• The project complies with the Microsoft Responsible AI Standard and is licensed under the MIT License.

The ESP32 Bus Pirate is open-source firmware that transforms your device into a versatile tool for hacking various digital protocols, inspired by the original Bus Pirate. It allows users to sniff, send, script, and interact with protocols like I2C, UART, SPI, and more through a serial terminal or web interface.

Key features include modes for:

• HiZ (default)
• I2C (scanning, glitching, slave mode)
• SPI (flash and SD card support, slave mode)
• UART (bridging, reading, writing)
• 1-WIRE (iButton, temperature sensor)
• 2WIRE/3WIRE (smartcard and EEPROM)
• Digital I/O (reading, setting pull-up)
• Infrared (sending/receiving signals)
• USB (HID, mouse, keyboard, gamepad, storage)
• Bluetooth (BLE scanning, spoofing, sniffing)
• Wi-Fi (scanning, connecting, deauthentication)
• JTAG (pin scanning, SWD)
• LED control (animations, settings)
• I2S
• CAN

For more information, visit the GitHub page.

The paper discusses the potential of using drones for last-mile delivery in European cities, focusing on their market viability and accessibility for citizens. Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have advanced technology and changing regulations that could make them a cost-effective alternative for parcel delivery. Major companies like Amazon are already investing in drone delivery systems, including concepts like "drone-beehives."

The authors developed a model using detailed population and land-use data across the EU to estimate where drone-beehives could be most effectively located based on economic factors. The analysis suggests that under the most realistic scenario, about 7% of EU citizens could access drone delivery services, which could increase to 30% with technological improvements.

Key findings include:

• The potential for drone delivery varies significantly across EU countries, with the UK, Germany, Italy, and France identified as the most favorable locations.
• The study emphasizes the importance of integrating drone delivery into urban logistics, considering factors like traffic and safety.
• Challenges include ensuring safety and addressing noise concerns, as well as the need for suitable landing areas for drones.

Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive look at the feasibility and economic implications of integrating drones into last-mile delivery systems in Europe, highlighting both opportunities and challenges.

Recent research indicates that after the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, some survivors returned to live among the ruins of Pompeii. Many of these individuals could not afford to relocate, while others sought a place to settle. Pompeii once housed over 20,000 people and was buried in ash, preserving much of the city until it was rediscovered in the 16th century.

Archaeologists have found evidence supporting the idea that survivors formed a makeshift community in the ruins, which lasted until the 5th century. This informal settlement lacked typical Roman infrastructure and services, with people living in upper floors of buildings while using lower floors as storage. The findings show that the ruins provided opportunities for scavenging valuable items.

The site director, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, noted that previous excavations often overlooked these signs of reoccupation. Today, Pompeii is a famous tourist destination, showcasing life in ancient Rome.

It seems that your message is incomplete. Please provide the text you'd like summarized, and I will be happy to help you.