The developers have announced the launch of Gemini 2.5, a new version of their software. This update includes improvements and new features aimed at enhancing user experience. You can find more details in the full announcement on their blog.

Summary:

A researcher from Columbia University, Dusan Bogunovic, is developing a new antiviral therapy inspired by a rare genetic mutation that allows some people to be resistant to all viral infections. This mutation affects a protein called ISG15, leading to a unique immune response. Bogunovic found that people with this mutation have mild inflammation that helps them fend off various viruses without showing symptoms.

His experimental therapy, tested on hamsters and mice, temporarily gives similar antiviral abilities. Administered through a nasal drip, it has shown effectiveness against viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2, with no known viruses able to bypass its defenses in lab tests.

The therapy involves using 10 specific proteins to activate a broad antiviral response, similar to mRNA vaccines but with a different focus. While it shows promise for protecting against future pandemics—especially for vulnerable groups—researchers still need to improve how the therapy is delivered and determine how long its protection lasts (currently estimated at three to four days). This work highlights the importance of curiosity-driven research in discovering new treatments.

In August 2025, a Reddit user named "Sacapoopie," who claims to be an Air National Guard member with top-secret security clearance, raised concerns about receiving $250 a month from a company called DSLRoot. DSLRoot pays individuals to host laptops that connect to its residential proxy network, which is used by customers worldwide to appear as if they are in the U.S.

Many in the cybersecurity community questioned why someone with Sacapoopie’s background would participate in this arrangement. Sacapoopie described the setup as harmless, with dedicated DSL connections that do not affect their personal internet use. However, readers pointed out the risks of allowing unknown entities access to one's network.

DSLRoot, based in the Bahamas and established in 2012, has a history of operating residential proxies. The company claims to monitor clients to prevent illegal activities and insists their operations are transparent. However, they have faced skepticism due to their association with a user called "USProxyKing," who has a controversial reputation in online forums.

The article highlights the broader issue of residential proxy services, which often rely on individuals to share their internet connections for extra cash. This practice poses risks, especially as malicious actors can exploit these setups for illegal activities. Experts warn that allowing strangers to run devices on personal networks can lead to severe security breaches, as illustrated by a recent case where someone was sentenced for hosting a laptop farm aiding North Korean hackers.

Overall, the situation raises questions about cybersecurity practices and the potential dangers of participating in residential proxy networks like DSLRoot.

David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School, is leading groundbreaking research in ancient genetics, revealing new insights into human history. He recently received the Dan David Prize for his work on ancient human DNA, including evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans, which was once believed impossible. His lab is uncovering complex interactions among various hominid species, including newly identified groups like the Denisovans and mysterious "ghost populations."

Reich emphasizes that advancements in technology have transformed genetic analysis, allowing scientists to explore human history in unprecedented ways. By examining ancient DNA from bones and mummies, they are piecing together a more detailed narrative of human evolution and migration, akin to creating a "three-dimensional movie" of our past.

While the research holds immense potential for understanding human diversity and connections, it also raises ethical concerns about genetic engineering and the manipulation of genomes. Reich expresses caution about the powerful implications of this technology, likening it to nuclear weapons in its potential for misuse.

Overall, Reich's work represents a significant shift in our understanding of human history and genetics, providing insights into how ancient populations interacted and evolved over time.

No summary available.

Silicon Valley is investing over $100 million into pro-AI political action committees (PACs) to influence the upcoming midterm elections. Key players like Andreessen Horowitz and OpenAI's Greg Brockman are backing a network called "Leading the Future," which aims to promote favorable AI regulations and oppose candidates who might impose strict rules on the industry.

Earlier this year, there was an attempt to halt states from creating their own AI regulations, but it was unsuccessful. The AI industry is concerned that inconsistent regulations could hinder innovation and give China an advantage in AI development. The pro-AI PAC plans to emulate a successful crypto PAC that supported Donald Trump and will generally align with the White House's AI policies.

No summary available.

No summary available.

I was researching a rare British computer and came across an article in BYTE magazine. I was fascinated by the old tech advertisements and decided to create a project to make all 100,000 pages of BYTE magazine searchable in one place.

The text describes a JavaScript component called astro-island, which is part of a web framework. Here are the key points:

1. Purpose: astro-island is designed to manage and hydrate components in a web application efficiently.

2. Hydration Process: When the component is connected to the DOM, it prepares to "hydrate" or activate itself by loading necessary data and templates.

3. Attribute Handling: The component can read attributes like props, component-url, and client, which determine how it behaves and what data it uses.

4. Lifecycle Events: The component listens for events related to its connection and disconnection from the DOM. It also manages updates when the document is ready.

5. Error Handling: If there are issues with loading or parsing properties, the component logs errors to the console for debugging.

6. Custom Elements: The component is defined as a custom HTML element, allowing it to be used like standard HTML tags in web pages.

Overall, astro-island is a tool for creating interactive web components that load data dynamically and respond to user interactions effectively.

Summary: "When a Bug Saved the Company"

In the world of software, bugs are usually seen as negative, but sometimes they can lead to unexpected benefits. In 2002, Rogue Amoeba released their first app, Audio Hijack, with a 15-day free trial. However, sales were disappointing.

Later, they released an update (version 1.6) that unintentionally limited the trial to just 15 minutes of recording. Surprisingly, this mistake led to a significant increase in sales, as customers found the new trial limitation more appealing.

This fortunate error transformed Rogue Amoeba into a successful full-time business for its founders, who now employ a dozen people. The company credits this bug as the reason they were able to thrive and continue developing their software.

No summary available.

In 1989, a small office used Facit A2400 terminals connected to Unix computers. These terminals were favored for their black text on a white background, different from the earlier green or amber screens. During that time, printed manuals were the norm since the internet didn't exist yet.

The author created a special library for these terminals, called “Ecurses,” to help customers. When the office closed, they kept a few terminals, but eventually disposed of one. By 2025, Martin S. from Linuxhotel wanted to show trainees what old terminals were like, so the author agreed to lend one.

To prepare, the author set up a Shuttle PC with OpenBSD and configured it to work with the terminal. The biggest challenge was finding the right cable, but after looking in the cellar, they succeeded. The author decided to permanently loan the terminal to the Linuxhotel, hoping that younger generations could experience using it.

No summary available.

Google has announced that it will require developers to verify their identity for Android apps that are not distributed through the Google Play Store. This change aims to enhance security and protect users from potential threats. Developers can find more information in the official announcements and support links provided.

The article discusses a complex mathematical proof known as the "ten martini proof," which connects number theory to quantum fractals. This proof is named after a mathematician, Mark Kac, who jokingly offered ten martinis as a reward for anyone who could solve a challenging problem related to the energy levels of electrons in a magnetic field.

In the 1970s, Douglas Hofstadter, a graduate student, discovered a pattern called the Hofstadter butterfly while graphing energy levels based on a variable called alpha. He noticed that as alpha approached irrational numbers, the energy levels resembled the Cantor set, a mathematical concept involving infinite patterns.

Over the years, mathematicians worked on proving the conjecture related to irrational alpha values. Svetlana Jitomirskaya and Artur Avila eventually succeeded in proving it, but their proof was complex and limited to certain conditions.

In recent developments, Lingrui Ge and Jitomirskaya created a new method that allowed them to solve the conjecture in a broader context, confirming the Hofstadter butterfly's relevance in real-world physics. Their work illustrates how deep mathematical concepts can have practical applications in understanding quantum phenomena.

Summary:

A recent report by Counterpoint Research predicts that China's share of global display capacity will increase from 68% in 2023 to 75% by 2028, growing at a rate of 4% annually. In contrast, South Korea's share will decline from 9% to 8%, Taiwan's from 19% to 16%, and Japan's from 4% to 1% due to factory closures. India is expected to start its display operations in 2030, after delaying investments.

In terms of display applications, LCD TVs will continue to dominate with a 73% share through 2028. OLED mobile displays will see significant growth, reaching a 7% share, while OLED TVs will hold a 4% share. BOE will remain the leader in display capacity, although its growth rate will slow to 1.6%. Tianma is projected to grow the fastest, aiming for a 3% share by 2028.

The report includes comprehensive data on display technologies, market sizes, and forecasts across various segments. Counterpoint Research specializes in market insights across the technology sector, advising a wide range of clients.

Spoon Bending: Overview and Key Insights

This document explores how AI models, specifically ChatGPT-5 compared to ChatGPT-4.5, handle alignment and bias. It emphasizes that this work is for educational purposes only and does not promote illegal activities.

Key Observations:

• Shift in Behavior: ChatGPT-4.5 was more open to connecting ideas, while ChatGPT-5 has stricter biases that often avoid controversy and maintain the status quo.
• Spoon Bending Schema: This framework helps explain how AI responses can vary based on how a question is framed. It shows that certain "forbidden" outputs can be accessed through creative reframing.

Zone Descriptions:

1. Hard Stop Zone: Directly asking about illegal activities results in refusal or warnings.
2. Gray Zone: Topics that depend on framing can lead to analyses that imply helpful advice without direct instructions.
3. Free Zone: Abstract discussions allow for more open exploration without restrictions.

Techniques for Reframing:

• Change the topic or context (e.g., from illegal to ecological).
• Ask broader questions about patterns rather than direct actions.
• Use hypothetical scenarios to bypass restrictions.

Conclusion: The Spoon-Bending Schema illustrates that AI alignment rules are not fixed; they can change based on how questions are posed. This understanding is crucial for transparency in AI and its societal implications. Essentially, the "rules" are more flexible than they appear, akin to the idea in The Matrix that the spoon is not real.

License: This work is open for educational sharing and adaptation under a Creative Commons license.

The author created a game called "Putter King Adventure Golf" for iOS and Android in the 2010s, but it is no longer available in app stores. Recently, their son expressed interest in playing it, prompting the author to consider ways to recover the game. They are looking for suggestions on:

• Where to find old versions of the game online (possibly pirated copies).
• How to run these old apps on current devices.
• The possibility of using emulators to play the game.

The author seeks advice from others who have successfully revived their old mobile apps.

A developer has created a project combining the xv6 teaching operating system with a custom-made TCP/IP networking stack. This stack runs within the xv6-riscv kernel and uses a modern virtio-net driver to work smoothly in QEMU, allowing communication with the host machine.

Key features of the project include:

• From-Scratch Stack: The core networking stack, called microps, was developed to help understand low-level networking.
• Kernel Integration: Microps has been adapted to run within the xv6-riscv kernel.
• Socket API: It supports standard networking system calls for application development.
• User-Level Tools: Includes basic commands like ifconfig, and servers for TCP and UDP echo to showcase its functionality.

The developer aims to clarify how network-aware operating systems function by building these components from the ground up and welcomes feedback and questions.

Meta is investing $10 billion in a massive data center complex in rural Richland Parish, Louisiana, aiming to develop a facility for advanced AI technologies. The project, named “Hyperion,” will cover over 4 million square feet, making it potentially the world's largest data center, capable of consuming energy equivalent to 4 million homes.

Construction has started on nine buildings that will house numerous servers, and Meta plans to significantly increase its computing capacity. CEO Mark Zuckerberg sees this project as a crucial step towards achieving "superintelligence," competing with other tech giants like Google and Amazon.

The data center will rely heavily on gas-fired power, with Entergy, the local utility, constructing new gas plants to meet the energy demands. However, this has raised concerns among residents and environmentalists about potential power shortages and increased utility costs. Critics worry about the project's impact on the local environment and economy.

State regulators have approved the power plants, viewing the deal as a potential model for future utility and tech partnerships. However, there are fears that this could set a precedent for excessive reliance on gas energy, as well as concerns about air and water pollution affecting local agriculture.

Overall, while the project promises economic development for the region, it also brings significant risks and challenges regarding energy demand and environmental impact.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Stephen shares his experience with his M1 Pro laptop, which he bought when it was released in 2020. He finds it to be an excellent device that handles demanding tasks well, including running Android and iOS simulators and Docker containers, all while maintaining quiet operation and good battery life.

Recently, he decided to buy a new personal laptop and chose a Framework 13 with a Ryzen AI 340 chip, hoping to learn something new. However, he is regretting this decision as the performance is disappointing compared to his M1 Pro. Despite the Ryzen chip being one of the newest models, it struggles with heat and efficiency, especially when multitasking, reminiscent of older Intel Macs.

Stephen wonders why AMD and Intel haven't matched the efficiency and thermal performance of ARM architecture like the M1 and questions when x86 chips will catch up. He notes that he hasn’t yet tried Windows on the Framework, which might improve performance.

The author, responsible for approving SSL certificates at their company, finds the increasing requirements for these certificates to be overly burdensome. Tasks that used to be manageable have now become frequent and time-consuming due to new validation methods and stricter security measures.

Key points include:

1. Validation Changes: The author notes that the validation options for certificates have been reduced, making the process more complicated. For example, email validation is ineffective for many subdomains since they don’t have corresponding email addresses.

2. New Security Measures: Recent changes, like Multi-Perspective Issuance Corroboration (MPIC), are meant to enhance security against attacks but may complicate processes for organizations that don’t segment access by geography.

3. Shortening Validation Lifetimes: The most troubling change is the reduction of certificate lifetimes, which will drop to just 47 days by 2029. This creates significant planning challenges for organizations.

4. Impact on Organizations: The combination of these changes may lead organizations to seek alternatives to traditional Certificate Authorities (CAs), potentially moving to platforms that bundle certificate management with their services.

5. Concerns Over Security vs. Workload: While these changes are aimed at improving security, the author questions whether the added workload is worth the benefits, especially for under-resourced IT departments.

Overall, the author feels that these new requirements could push companies away from established CAs as they look for more manageable solutions.

Summary: Fix Your Inbox Instantly

This service offers smart email filters to help keep your inbox organized by moving promotional emails to an 'Archive' folder. Key points include:

• Automatic Organization: Filters sort emails so only important messages stay in your main inbox, while marketing emails are archived.
• Preservation of Emails: No emails are deleted; everything remains searchable in the Archive folder.
• Notifications: You will only receive notifications for important emails.
• Easy Installation: Works with Gmail and Fastmail. Simply download the filters and import them into your email client.
• Free and Open Source: There are no costs or subscriptions involved.
• Mobile Compatibility: Once installed, the filters work on all devices.

If you accidentally archive an important email, you can find it in the Archive folder and adjust the filters as needed.

No summary available.

The text discusses the history of interactive television, particularly teletext, in North America compared to Europe. It highlights the following key points:

1. Interactive TV Development: Efforts to integrate interactive features into television began in the 1990s but had early attempts in the 1970s and 1980s, with various projects in both Europe and North America.

2. European Success: Teletext, such as the UK's Ceefax, became popular in Europe due to fewer TV channels and centralized broadcasting, allowing for easier access to large audiences.

3. North American Struggles: In contrast, North America saw many competing teletext efforts that led to confusion and fragmentation. Major networks like KSL in Salt Lake City experimented with teletext, but issues like high costs for decoders and lack of consumer availability hindered success.

4. Technological Competition: Various protocols (Ceefax, ORACLE, NABTS) and the emergence of videotex (two-way communication systems) complicated the landscape, leading to market confusion and a lack of standardization.

5. Regulatory Challenges: The FCC's indecision on adopting a national standard contributed to the fragmented market. The agency allowed broadcasters to choose their own systems, leading to further complications in consumer adoption.

6. Decline of Teletext: By the mid-1980s, many teletext services were discontinued due to low consumer uptake and competition with closed captioning, which became mandatory in 1990.

7. Legacy: Although teletext and videotex services struggled, they paved the way for modern interactive TV and internet-based solutions, with some concepts influencing the development of services like Prodigy, which used similar technologies.

In summary, while there were significant attempts to introduce interactive television in North America, the complexity of competing technologies and regulatory issues ultimately led to its failure, contrasting sharply with the successful adoption seen in Europe.

Summary of the Physics of Parabolic Microphones: Frequency Dependence of Gain

Parabolic microphones are highly sensitive devices used to capture sounds, especially in wildlife recording. They consist of a large parabolic dish that collects and focuses sound waves onto a microphone. This design allows them to capture faint sounds more effectively than human ears can.

Key Points:

1. Sensitivity and Size: The large size of parabolic microphones makes them effective but also cumbersome for field use. They work by gathering more sound energy and focusing it, similar to how a telescope captures light.

2. Frequency Bias: These microphones favor high-frequency sounds, often producing a "tinny" quality. They are less effective at capturing low-frequency sounds, with a specific cutoff frequency determined by the size of the dish.

3. Gain Calculation: The gain of a parabolic microphone increases with frequency, following a rule that states a 6 dB increase for every doubling of frequency (an octave). This means higher frequencies are amplified more than lower ones.

4. Reflection and Focus: A parabolic dish reflects sound waves to a focal point. The effectiveness of this reflection depends on the wavelength of the sound relative to the size of the dish. Smaller wavelengths (higher frequencies) are better focused than larger wavelengths.

5. Diffraction Effects: When waves pass through the dish, they can diffract (bend), leading to a loss in gain if the wavelength is too large compared to the dish size. Proper alignment of the wavefronts is crucial for optimal performance.

6. Reciprocity: The principles governing parabolic microphones apply equally in reverse. The dish can effectively collect sound waves or emit them, depending on its use.

In summary, parabolic microphones are powerful tools for sound recording, particularly for high-frequency sounds, but their effectiveness is influenced by their design and the specific frequencies they are capturing. Understanding the physics behind their operation helps users maximize their performance.

The article discusses the U.S. government's decision to take a 10% equity stake in Intel, a move seen as controversial. The author explains the concept of "steelmanning," which involves fairly representing opposing arguments, and notes that critics like Scott Lincicome raise valid concerns about this investment, such as potential political interference in Intel's operations and disadvantages to competition.

However, the author argues that critics overlook significant geopolitical factors, especially regarding Taiwan and China, which heighten the importance of semiconductor manufacturing for U.S. national security. The author asserts that the semiconductor industry requires long-term planning and investment, emphasizing that Intel's past failures stem from decisions made years ago, not just recent missteps.

The article also highlights that Intel's credibility as a manufacturer is crucial for attracting external customers, and without government support, Intel may not survive in the competitive landscape dominated by companies like TSMC. The author concludes that while government involvement in business often has downsides, in this case, it may be necessary to secure U.S. semiconductor manufacturing and avoid dependency on foreign suppliers, especially given the risks posed by China.

Summary: The Limits of NTP Accuracy on Linux

Scott Laird explores the challenges of syncing time across Linux systems, focusing on achieving high accuracy for distributed tracing. His goal is to sync clocks to within 1 microsecond (μS) on a local network, but he finds that various factors introduce significant time errors.

Key points include:

1. GPS Limitations: GPS devices do not provide perfect time. Differences of up to 200 nanoseconds (ns) between multiple GPS receivers are common, and achieving synchronization within 50 ns requires careful setup.

2. Network Complexity: Network issues can add 200-300 ns of error. Different network interface cards (NICs) have varying performance, with some being better suited for precise timing than others.

3. System Performance: Many Linux systems struggle with low-latency work due to random stalls from power management and other processes, resulting in time syncing errors ranging from 1300-2000 ns in some systems.

4. Current Achievements: Laird manages to sync clocks to within 500 ns on most systems, which meets his requirements but is less accurate than he hoped. In ideal conditions, he notes that achieving under 100 ns is possible but difficult.

5. Network Configuration: He tests with various configurations, including multiple servers and GPS sources, but finds that network paths can asymmetrically affect timing, complicating synchronization efforts.

6. Sources of Error: Factors that degrade syncing include the lack of hardware timestamps in NICs, network tunnels, NIC coalescing settings, and software inefficiencies.

In conclusion, while Laird's current system achieves a synchronization level of about 200-500 ns, he recognizes that achieving 10 ns accuracy is unrealistic with his current hardware and network setup. Nonetheless, his results are satisfactory for most practical applications, as they exceed his original target of 10 μS.

No summary available.

The text argues that macOS command-line tools should not store user configuration files in the ~/Library/Application Support directory. Instead, they should follow the XDG Base Directory Specification and look for configuration files in ~/.config.

Key points include:

1. User Expectation: Users expect command-line tools to store their configuration files in ~/.config, as most tools do this. Storing them in ~/Library/Application Support is surprising and inconsistent.

2. Library Defaults: Many popular libraries default to using ~/Library/Application Support, but this is not suitable for command-line utilities, which should adhere to the XDG specification.

3. Dotfile Managers: Most dotfile managers do not support storing files in ~/Library/Application Support by default, which indicates a broader agreement in the community that configuration files belong in ~/.config.

4. Misinterpretation of Guidelines: The guidelines for ~/Library/Application Support are meant for GUI applications that manage configuration for users automatically, not for command-line tools.

5. When to Use ~/Library/Application Support: This directory is appropriate only for GUI applications installed in /Applications that manage their configurations automatically.

In summary, the author strongly advocates for using the XDG Base Directory Specification for storing configuration files in command-line tools on macOS, as it aligns with user expectations and established conventions.

Summary of DeepWiki Insights

DeepWiki is a tool designed to help programmers understand and navigate unfamiliar codebases quickly and efficiently. Here are the main points:

1. Purpose: DeepWiki transforms GitHub repositories into easy-to-navigate wikis, allowing developers to ask questions about the code without sifting through files.

2. Usage:

   • For public repositories, you can query right away. For private ones, you need a free account.
   • It has two research modes: Fast mode for quick answers and Deep Research for more detailed insights.

3. Key Features:

   • Instant Answers: Provides clickable citations linking back to the source code.
   • Integration: Can be used through its website or integrated into coding environments like Claude and Cursor without authentication.

4. Practical Applications:

   • Evaluating Projects: Quickly assess the maintenance and security of open-source libraries.
   • Setting Up Environments: Obtain setup instructions and dependencies for running projects.
   • Implementation Help: Get summaries of code implementations from other repositories for reuse.
   • Onboarding Guides: Ask specific questions to receive tailored explanations about the codebase.
   • Finding Issues: Identify good starting points for new contributors to projects.
   • Context for Coding Agents: Provide coding agents with the necessary context to understand codebases better.
   • Reviewing Pull Requests: Quickly grasp PR changes and their context.

5. Personal Workflow: The author uses DeepWiki regularly to streamline coding tasks and improve understanding of complex code.

6. Future Improvements: Suggested features include a conversational mode for real-time questions and task-based onboarding guidance.

Overall, DeepWiki is a valuable assistant for developers looking to enhance their coding efficiency and understanding of various codebases.

Summary: How RubyGems.org Protects the Community’s OSS Infrastructure

In response to research by Socket.dev about malicious gems that steal social media credentials, RubyGems.org shared how it secures its platform.

Key Security Measures:

1. Automated Detection: Every gem is analyzed for potential threats using advanced security tools.
2. Risk Scoring: Gems are scored based on risk, with high-risk ones reviewed manually.
3. Retroactive Scanning: Older gems are rescanned as detection methods improve.
4. External Alerts: Collaboration with external sources helps identify risks.

Process for Flagged Gems:

• When a gem is flagged, a security engineer verifies its intent.
• Doubts are checked by another team member.
• Confirmed malicious gems are removed and documented.
• Sometimes, suspicious gem names are preemptively blocked.

Incident Timeline:

• In July 2025, RubyGems flagged and confirmed malicious gems, removing them promptly.
• Socket.dev reported additional gems, which were also removed.

Community Involvement: RubyGems.org encourages community members to report security issues via email or Slack.

Supply Chain Security Reality: Despite being smaller than other ecosystems, RubyGems faces threats and removes about one malicious package weekly. The security efforts rely on both sponsors and volunteer maintainers.

Closing Thoughts: The recent incident demonstrated RubyGems.org's effective security system. The organization appreciates community support and collaboration to enhance safety in open-source software.

The author reflects on their evolving relationship with programming languages, particularly Ruby and Python. Initially, they loved Ruby for its elegance and expressive nature but disliked Python for its limitations, such as treating "if" as a statement and having less flexible lambda functions. However, after working with TypeScript and Rust, they began to appreciate Python's recent improvements, including type hints and match statements, which make the language more user-friendly and modern. They also acknowledge some of Python's strengths, like keyword arguments and namespaces. Despite Ruby being their first love, they feel it hasn't evolved much and are now more inclined towards Python. Ultimately, they express a bittersweet farewell to Ruby while recognizing Python's progress and capabilities.

No summary available.

In August 2025, Jonathan Clark successfully reverse-engineered the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, and TubeTime did the same for the Compute Module 5. They have shared their schematics on GitHub for others to access. Although Raspberry Pi provides some board schematics, detailed information is often necessary for specific projects.

Additionally, the author has Lumafield scans of various Raspberry Pi models that can help visualize the internal components, which they originally intended to use for a video project. These scans are now available for public access along with a video on their YouTube channel. The scans cover several models, including the Raspberry Pi 4, CM4, Zero 2 W, Raspberry Pi 5, and CM5.

The author expresses gratitude to Lumafield for their assistance in creating these scans.

The text discusses memory optimization techniques to reduce CPU costs when processing large data files.

1. Initial Problem: The author begins with a data file containing employee details and explains the challenge of efficiently storing this data, particularly when there are millions of rows. The initial approach consumes about 1GB of memory due to how each item is stored.

2. Data-Oriented Programming: To improve efficiency, the author suggests splitting the data into separate arrays for fields, positions, and lengths. This reduces memory usage by about 200 MB.

3. Further Optimization: The next step involves using a small array for field names and referencing them with a byte index, which reduces memory use from 1GB to less than 500MB.

4. Unexpected Benefits: This change not only saves memory but also significantly lowers CPU usage. The reason is that garbage collection (GC) for an array of strings is more complex and costly than for a simple byte array. The GC must check each string, while it can quickly process a byte array since it knows there are no references to traverse.

In summary, the text illustrates how restructuring data storage can lead to both memory and CPU efficiency, highlighting the importance of considering how data is organized in programming.

Summary of "Liss is More" by Casey Liss

Casey Liss shares his experience of turning an old iPhone into a camera for the UniFi Protect system. He started by replacing his outdated doorbell with a UniFi G4 Doorbell Pro, which led him to explore other UniFi products.

Liss wanted to see if he could use an old iPhone as a third-party camera, as UniFi Protect supports cameras that use the ONVIF protocol. Although he couldn't find a dedicated app for this, he discovered that RTSP is used for video streaming alongside ONVIF.

He found an app called IP Camera Lite that streams RTSP from the iPhone. After setting it up, he verified the stream using a tool called ffmpeg.

Liss also attempted to set up a Docker container to manage the ONVIF aspect. After some troubleshooting, he configured it with the right settings for the iPhone's stream.

Finally, he added the iPhone camera to UniFi Protect by enabling third-party camera discovery and successfully adopted the device. This setup allowed him to move away from previous surveillance systems he was using.

Neha and Akash from April are creating an AI executive assistant named April, designed to help manage emails and schedules using voice commands, making it easier to multitask, especially while driving.

Key features of April include:

• Summarizing important emails and highlighting urgent ones.
• Sending dictated replies and managing email formatting.
• Reviewing and rescheduling calendar events.
• Providing context from email threads for meetings.
• Organizing emails into folders.

April uses advanced voice technology for speech-to-text and text-to-speech, optimizing response time and natural conversation flow. The app is available on the App Store with a free 3-day trial, then costs $14.99 per month.

The creators invite feedback on email and calendar challenges and other tools that could benefit from voice integration. They are available to answer questions and gather suggestions.

Summary: Microsoft Azure's Hardware Security Insights from Hot Chips 2025

At the Hot Chips 2025 event, Microsoft showcased its Azure Hardware Security efforts to secure one of the world's largest cloud services. Cybercrime now ranks as the third-largest global economy, surpassing $9 trillion in 2024, prompting Microsoft to enhance its security infrastructure.

Key points include:

• Microsoft operates over 70 Azure regions and 400 data centers, supported by a large team of 34,000 security engineers.
• The company is shifting from centralized hardware security modules (HSM) to integrating them directly into each server, which improves efficiency and reduces the need for extensive communication with centralized systems.
• Microsoft introduced its Azure Integrated HSM, which enhances local security features without requiring extensive power or space.
• The focus on confidential computing aims to protect data in use, especially in environments with multiple tenants.
• Microsoft is also promoting its Caliptra 2.0 open-source silicon root of trust, emphasizing transparency and security in its designs.

Overall, Microsoft's presentation highlighted its commitment to security in cloud computing and provided insights into its architectural strategies to combat ever-increasing cyber threats.

A recent video of a Will Smith concert has sparked controversy online, with accusations that he used AI to create fake crowds. The video features real fans from multiple concerts during his European tour, but has been manipulated, leading to confusion.

The footage comes from various festivals, including the Positiv Festival in France, and shows genuine audience members. However, the video appears distorted, with AI-like artifacts such as blurry faces and odd signs. Some viewers mistakenly believed this meant the crowds were artificially generated.

In reality, Will Smith’s team used real photos of fans and applied AI technology to create short video clips. These were then posted to YouTube, where an experimental process further degraded the video quality, leading to the appearance of fake visuals.

Although the crowds are real, the video manipulation has raised ethical questions about how images can be altered and presented. The controversy highlights the blurry line between real and enhanced content, especially in the age of AI.

Summary of Big O Notation and Time Complexity

Big O notation is a way to describe how the performance of a function changes as the size of the input increases, without measuring actual time. It helps us understand program performance across different input sizes.

Key Points:

1. Types of Big O Notation:

   • O(1): Constant time; execution time does not change with input size.
   • O(log n): Logarithmic time; the time grows slowly as input size increases (like binary search).
   • O(n): Linear time; time grows directly with input size (like summing numbers).
   • O(n^2): Quadratic time; time grows with the square of the input size (like bubble sort).

2. Examples:

   • A function that sums numbers up to n using a loop has O(n) complexity.
   • A formula-based summation has O(1) complexity, as it runs in constant time regardless of n.
   • Bubble sort has O(n^2) complexity due to multiple passes through the input.

3. Worst-Case Scenario: Big O notation typically describes the worst-case time complexity unless specified otherwise.

4. Improving Time Complexity:

   • Use more efficient algorithms and data structures.
   • Avoid calling time-consuming operations (like indexOf) inside loops.
   • Cache results to reduce redundant calculations.

5. Conclusion: Understanding Big O notation helps developers write more efficient code by choosing better algorithms and avoiding common mistakes.

This summary highlights the importance of analyzing time complexity to improve software performance.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Fenster Summary

Fenster is a simple library for creating cross-platform 2D graphics applications, similar to older programming environments like Borland BGI or QBASIC. It allows you to easily manage a window, handle input, and play audio with minimal code.

Key Features:

• Creates a single application window with a specified size and title.
• Automatically manages application lifecycle and system events.
• Provides a 24-bit RGB framebuffer for drawing.
• Supports keyboard and mouse input across different platforms.
• Includes timers for stable frame rates and audio playback.
• Uses a straightforward polling API without complex callbacks.
• Contains bindings for Go, Zig, and Lua.

Example Usage: A simple code example demonstrates how to create a window and draw random pixels. You can compile and run the code on different operating systems with specific commands.

API Overview:

• fenster_open: Opens a new window.
• fenster_loop: Updates the window and processes input.
• fenster_close: Closes the window.
• fenster_sleep: Pauses for a specified time.
• fenster_time: Retrieves the current time in milliseconds.
• fenster_pixel: Sets or gets the color of a pixel.

Fenster is licensed under the MIT license, allowing use in both personal and commercial projects.

Summary of Object-Oriented Design Patterns in OS Development

The author discusses the benefits of developing an operating system independently, particularly the freedom to experiment with programming techniques. They explored object-oriented design patterns in the Linux kernel, which uses function pointers in structures to achieve flexibility and modularity.

Key Points:

• Object-Oriented Principles in C: The author implemented a structure called a "vtable" containing function pointers to manage various device operations and services, allowing different types of devices to share the same interface.
• Dynamic Behavior: Vtables can be updated at runtime, enabling the system to change behavior without altering the code that calls these functions.
• Application in Services: The author applied this pattern to manage kernel services, allowing for consistent operations (start, stop, restart) across different services without special logic for each.
• Scheduler Flexibility: They also used vtables for scheduling processes, allowing the entire scheduling strategy to be changed dynamically.
• File Abstraction: The pattern is exemplified in systems where everything is treated as a file, providing a uniform interface for different types of data sources.
• Kernel Modules: This approach allows for dynamic loading of drivers or hooks in the kernel without needing recompilation or rebooting.
• Drawbacks: The author notes that the syntax can be cumbersome compared to C++, but also sees clarity in explicitly passing context, which aids in understanding dependencies.

Overall, vtables offer a way to maintain flexibility and consistency in kernel design while encouraging experimentation in programming.

I just released version 3 of Base, my SQLite editor for macOS. The app aims to provide a user-friendly interface for SQLite without becoming overly complicated.

Key features include:

• The ability to easily alter tables, which is usually tricky in SQLite.
• A detailed display of column constraints, shown as icons that provide more information when clicked.

This update also supports attaching databases, despite some challenges with macOS sandboxing. I'm open to feedback and questions!

The text discusses the concept of color space in digital imaging. It aims to answer common questions about how colors are represented and managed in digital formats. The content is extensive and covers various aspects of color spaces, providing insights into their functions and importance. Overall, it is a comprehensive guide to understanding digital color.

This text discusses the importance of aligning feature distributions in machine learning, particularly when using polynomial features. Here are the key points:

1. Orthogonality and Informativeness: Orthogonal polynomial bases, like the Legendre polynomial, create uncorrelated features, which are informative for machine learning models. However, this is effective only if the data is uniformly distributed.

2. Real Data Challenges: Real-world data often doesn't follow a uniform distribution, which can limit the informativeness of polynomial features.

3. Weighted Orthogonality: By using a weighted inner product, we can create orthogonal bases that adjust to the distribution of the data. This can enhance the informativeness of the features generated.

4. Mapping Trick: A proposed method involves transforming raw features using a function that maps them to a specific range. This can help maintain orthogonality in the features relative to the actual data distribution.

5. Practical Implementation: The article discusses using tools like Scikit-Learn’s QuantileTransformer to approximate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the data, facilitating the creation of orthogonal features.

6. Comparative Results: Experiments show that models using these orthogonal features can perform better than traditional methods, such as min-max scaling, especially as polynomial degree increases.

7. Complexity of Decay Functions: The text also touches on the theoretical aspect of modifying basis functions to ensure they align with specific inductive biases, though this is complex and not typically practical.

8. Conclusion: The importance of feature distribution alignment is reiterated, emphasizing that while data is crucial, theoretical insights can significantly enhance model performance.

Overall, the text advocates for careful consideration of how feature distributions align with the chosen polynomial basis in machine learning models.

Summary of WiFi-3D-Fusion

Overview: WiFi-3D-Fusion is a system for real-time motion detection and visualization using Wi-Fi signals. It can track multiple people in 3D and includes features like neural radiance fields (NeRF²) and a 3D Wi-Fi scanner.

Key Components:

1. CSI Data Acquisition: Uses ESP32-CSI or Nexmon for collecting Wi-Fi signal data.
2. Movement Detection: A real-time detector analyzes the data to identify movements.
3. 3D Visualization: Displays detected movements as a 3D point cloud using a web-based interface.

Architecture:

• Data is captured from Wi-Fi sources (ESP32 or Nexmon) and processed in real-time to detect movements and visualize them in 3D.

Installation & Setup:

• Requires a Linux system, Python, and specific hardware (Wi-Fi adapters).
• Users can install dependencies and set up the environment using provided scripts.

Usage:

• Two methods to start:
  1. Web-Based Visualization: Recommended for easy access.
  2. Traditional Pipeline: Command-line based for advanced users.

Model Training:

• Users can train their own detection models with options for continuous learning, allowing the system to improve over time without interrupting real-time operations.

Advanced Features:

• Continuous learning from new detections.
• Self-adaptive thresholds for movement detection.
• 3D pose estimation and person re-identification capabilities.

Legal and Ethical Use:

• The system is intended for research and educational purposes only. Users must have explicit permission to operate it on any network and must respect privacy laws.

Conclusion: WiFi-3D-Fusion is a powerful project that showcases how technology can visualize and interpret invisible data without invasive methods, particularly useful in scenarios where traditional monitoring fails.

Summary of OKLCH Colors

OKLCH is a new color model that aims for better color accuracy based on human perception. It consists of three components: Lightness, Chroma, and Hue, making it easier to create uniform color palettes compared to older models like RGB or HSL.

Key Concepts:

• Color Models: Systems that describe colors, including OKLCH, RGB, and HSL.
• Gamut: The range of colors a model can represent. For example, sRGB is commonly used on the web, while Display-P3 is used on modern screens.
• Structure of OKLCH:
  • Lightness: Measures brightness from 0 to 1.
  • Chroma: Indicates color intensity.
  • Hue: Represents the color type on a scale from 0 to 360 degrees.

Advantages of OKLCH:

• Consistent Brightness: You can maintain the same lightness and chroma while only changing hue for uniform colors.
• Predictable Shades: Adjusting lightness keeps colors consistent without unwanted changes in hue or saturation.
• Better Gradients: OKLCH creates smoother gradients by calculating based on lightness and hue, though it may produce unexpected colors.

Color Space Support: OKLCH can represent a wider range of colors than many displays can show. If a color exceeds a display's capability, it will be adjusted to the nearest possible color.

Browser Support: OKLCH is supported in modern browsers as part of CSS Color Module Level 4. For compatibility with older browsers, fallbacks to sRGB colors can be used.

Tools: A tool called oklch.fyi helps users create OKLCH color palettes and convert existing CSS variables to OKLCH.

For questions or more information, you can reach out at [email protected] or follow on Twitter.

Summary of Device Recall Feature (Beta) at Google I/O 2025

Google introduced a new feature called Device Recall in the Play Integrity API, which is currently in beta. This feature helps developers prevent repeat abuse of their apps while maintaining user privacy.

Key Points:

1. Functionality: Device Recall allows apps to store and retrieve custom data linked to specific devices. This data can help identify devices involved in abusive behaviors, even after the app is reinstalled or the device is reset.

2. Privacy Protection: The feature is designed to protect user privacy by ensuring that apps can only access the limited data they have associated with devices, without revealing any personal identifiers.

3. Usage:

   • Developers can read and modify up to three custom values for each device. These can represent various flags or labels.
   • Developers have 14 days to use an integrity token to modify device data after it has been verified.

4. Limitations: Device Recall cannot be used for tracking or profiling users based on sensitive characteristics like age or location. It is meant solely for enhancing app security and preventing abuse.

5. Requirements:

   • Device Recall is available on multiple device types (phones, tablets, TVs, etc.) but requires specific software versions.
   • The user's account must be Play licensed.

6. Data Management:

   • Data is stored for up to three years after the last access.
   • Developers can reset all device data when needed.

7. Activation: To use Device Recall, developers must apply for the beta program and enable the feature in the Play Console.

Overall, Device Recall aims to help developers manage and mitigate misuse of their apps while safeguarding user privacy.

The person has old iPads that are outdated and stuck on iOS 9.3, making them nearly useless. They are searching for ways to fix this issue and believe that jailbreaking the devices and downgrading to a more usable version of iOS might be the only solution. They are asking for suggestions.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The article discusses how AGENTS.md, a new documentation standard, can encourage software developers to write better documentation by focusing on AI coding assistants rather than human readers. Many developers dislike writing documentation, yet they spend considerable time optimizing code. AGENTS.md acts as a rules file, providing the context that AI coding assistants need to work effectively on projects.

Currently, there are many different rules files for various AI tools, which complicates the process, especially as AI models frequently change. AGENTS.md simplifies this by standardizing documentation for AI agents, similar to how README files serve human users.

The document typically includes essential project details such as an overview, build commands, code style guidelines, and testing instructions. The immediate feedback from AI assistants makes writing AGENTS.md more rewarding than traditional documentation, motivating developers to include information they might otherwise overlook.

As of now, over 25,000 projects use AGENTS.md, and it is supported by multiple AI coding assistants. The article concludes that this trend might help developers create comprehensive documentation, enhancing the functionality of AI tools while ironically addressing the common issue of documentation neglect.

On August 26, 2025, Fastmail announced full offline support for its apps and web services, allowing users to access their email and other features without an internet connection. This is helpful for situations where the internet may be unavailable, such as while traveling.

Key Points:

• Offline support will be automatically enabled for iOS and Android users over the coming weeks. Users can also enable it in their web browser through Settings → Offline.
• The initial sync may take a few minutes, and users should keep the tab open in their browser during this process.
• Recent messages will be downloaded by default, and attachments will be cached only when opened.
• Users should log in with the "Keep me logged in" option to use offline support, and a modern browser is required.
• Bookmarks for Fastmail are recommended for easy access without internet.
• Offline support can be disabled anytime, which will delete the local mail cache.

While offline, users can read and reply to emails, view contacts and calendars, and adjust most settings. However, some functionalities like mail search, snoozed messages, calendar notifications, and changing billing or security settings will not work offline.

Fastmail aims to make this offline experience seamless, ensuring that users can continue working with minimal disruption.

Summary of Timep Update:

Timep is an advanced bash profiler that tracks the performance of commands with high accuracy. It records three main metrics:

1. Wall-clock time for each command.
2. CPU time for each command.
3. The hierarchy of function calls and subshells for each command.

This information helps users understand if a command is CPU-bound or I/O-bound and provides a visual representation of the code execution through a bash-native flamegraph.

Usage: To use timep, simply source the timep.bash file and prepend "timep" to the command you want to profile, with no code changes needed.

Efficiency: In tests, timep showed minimal performance overhead (about 10%) while maintaining high accuracy in time measurements, with differences often less than 0.5%.

Major Updates:

1. It now records CPU time alongside wall-clock time.
2. The necessary .so file is embedded within the script, making it self-contained.
3. The flamegraph generation has been improved, featuring better color coding and the ability to combine multiple graphs.
4. The overall processing workflow is faster and more efficient, with significant reductions in time required for generating profiles and flamegraphs.

Overall, timep offers an easy-to-use, efficient way to profile bash scripts, now with enhanced features and improved performance.

Summary: How to Manage Synchronized Demand in Services

Synchronized demand occurs when many clients request a service at the same time, which can overwhelm the system and lead to delays and errors. To manage this, it's important to balance the incoming requests and the system's capacity (headroom). Here are key points to consider:

1. Understanding Demand and Capacity: Each service has a capacity (μ) and a background load (λ0). The usable headroom is calculated as H = μ - λ0. When many clients act simultaneously, the demand can exceed this headroom, causing issues.

2. Causes of Synchronized Demand: Synchronized demand can arise from natural factors (like scheduled tasks), induced factors (like system updates), or accidental events (like sudden traffic spikes).

3. Consequences of Overload: When demand exceeds capacity, queues form, and delays increase, leading to retries and more errors. It's crucial to manage these peaks to avoid system failures.

4. Mitigation Strategies: To reduce the impact of synchronized demand, it's advisable to spread out requests over time (jitter). This can be achieved by randomizing timeouts and using techniques like backoff for retries.

5. Operational Guidelines: Set clear bounds for acceptable request rates and wait times. Measure and adjust based on actual system performance to ensure fairness among clients.

6. Implementation: Use telemetry data to forecast demand and adjust admissions accordingly. Ensure that clients are informed about delays and limits.

7. Verification and Adjustment: Continuously monitor system performance and compare expected outcomes with actual results. Adjust strategies based on data to maintain efficiency.

In conclusion, managing synchronized demand requires careful planning and implementation of strategies that balance fairness and efficiency while minimizing delays.

Summary:

Linux, a free operating system created by Linus Torvalds, celebrates its 34th anniversary today. Torvalds first announced Linux in a newsgroup on September 17, 1991, describing it as a hobby project that wouldn't rival established systems like GNU. Initially, he wanted to name it "Freax," but a colleague uploaded it under the name "Linux" without his consent.

Over the years, Linux has evolved significantly and is now widely used across various devices. It has become popular in the tech community and is recognized for its adaptability. As of now, Linux powers many systems, including a large part of cloud computing and high-performance computing.

The article reflects on Linux's journey from its humble beginnings to its current status as a key player in the software world.

The post discusses the importance of collaboration and support in professional growth, illustrated through a scene from the movie "My Cousin Vinny." In the scene, Vinny learns that he has received help from others, even though he initially wanted to succeed on his own. The author draws a parallel to the Mob Programming Conference, emphasizing that the event aims to bring people together to share experiences, learn from each other, and strengthen the community. The conference, scheduled for April 12-13, 2018, in Boston, focuses on the benefits of teamwork in software development, encouraging participants to support one another and express gratitude for shared experiences.

Summary of "How to Fix Your Context"

This text discusses how to manage and improve the context used in AI language models (LLMs) to avoid failures and enhance response quality. Here are the key points:

1. Types of Context Failures:

   • Context Poisoning: Errors in the context are repeatedly referenced, leading to misinformation.
   • Context Distraction: An overly long context causes the model to ignore its training.
   • Context Confusion: Irrelevant information results in poor responses.
   • Context Clash: New conflicting information disrupts the prompt.

2. Context Management Strategies:

   • Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Adding only relevant information to improve responses.
   • Tool Loadout: Selecting the most relevant tools for the task to avoid confusion.
   • Context Quarantine: Isolating tasks into separate threads to manage context length and relevance.
   • Context Pruning: Removing unnecessary information to streamline context.
   • Context Summarization: Condensing accumulated context into a brief summary.
   • Context Offloading: Storing some information outside the LLM to reduce clutter in the context.

3. Best Practices:

   • Use RAG and tool loadouts to keep contexts concise and relevant.
   • Break tasks into smaller jobs with dedicated contexts to avoid distractions and confusion.
   • Regularly prune context and summarize to maintain clarity and focus.
   • Consider context offloading for complex tasks to keep the LLM's context manageable.

Overall, effective context management is essential for building and optimizing AI agents, ensuring that all information in the context serves a purpose.

Summary:

The evolution of social media is moving towards decentralized, open-source platforms, like Blacksky, which has successfully grown to two million users without any advertising costs. Unlike traditional social media, which is centralized and often limits user autonomy, decentralized networks allow communities greater control and self-governance.

Blacksky focuses on creating a safe and inclusive space for Black users by prioritizing their voices and using specific algorithms to moderate content. This platform operates on the AT Protocol, which enhances interoperability between different social media applications, similar to how standardized tools work across various furniture brands.

Blacksky's community-driven approach includes active moderation by volunteers who understand the unique challenges faced by Black users. The platform aims to serve as a model for other communities, promoting mutual support and accountability. By providing tools and resources, Blacksky seeks to foster a more equitable online environment for diverse groups.

Overall, Blacksky represents a promising shift in social media, emphasizing community, safety, and decentralization.

This text discusses various advanced versions of the popular word game Wordle, focusing on a concept called Hyper Wordle, where players attempt to solve 2,315 words simultaneously.

Key points include:

1. Wordle Variants: The text mentions several Wordle variants like Quordle (four words), Octordle (eight words), and Sedecordle (sixteen words), leading up to the hypothetical Hyper Wordle.

2. Gameplay Mechanics: In Hyper Wordle, players can enter different guesses for each of the 2,315 secret words, making it significantly more complex than standard Wordle. The feedback provided is in the form of colored squares indicating correct letters and positions.

3. Strategy Improvement: The author explores mixing strategies from different starting words, finding that combining optimal strategies can yield better results than using them independently.

4. Deduction Techniques: The text discusses deduction methods, such as Naked Candidates and Hidden Candidates, which help players eliminate possibilities and improve guessing efficiency.

5. Performance Metrics: Various scoring metrics are examined, showing how different strategies can lead to lower average guesses needed to solve the puzzles, highlighting improvements from around 7920 guesses down to approximately 7598 through optimal strategy combinations.

6. Future Exploration: The author poses open questions about further improving strategies and how different approaches might perform in other games or scenarios.

Overall, the text emphasizes the complexity and strategic depth involved in these Wordle variants, showcasing innovative approaches to enhance gameplay.

This is a portfolio analysis tool designed for active investors. It helps them understand their performance and risk better. The tool can be linked to Interactive Brokers for automatic data updates.

The UNIX-HATERS Handbook, edited by Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, and Steven Strassmann, critiques the UNIX operating system. The book suggests that UNIX has significant flaws, humorously comparing its origins to those of LSD. It was published by IDG Books Worldwide in 1994 and emphasizes the authors' belief that they have made a thorough effort in its preparation but do not guarantee the accuracy of its content. The publisher, IDG Books, is a major player in the business and computer book market, known for its commitment to quality and informative books. The book is aimed at readers interested in understanding the shortcomings of UNIX, written with a blend of humor and serious critique.

Summary of "An Illustrated Guide to OAuth"

OAuth is a system developed in 2007 at Twitter to let third-party applications access user accounts without needing passwords. Instead of sharing passwords, OAuth uses an access token, which is a secure way for apps to act on behalf of users.

Here’s how OAuth generally works:

1. User Consent: A user wants to connect an app (like YNAB) to their bank (like Chase). The user is redirected to the bank's login page, logs in, and selects which accounts to share with the app.

2. Authorization Code: After the user consents, the bank sends an authorization code back to the app, not an access token, for security.

3. Access Token Exchange: The app sends this authorization code to the bank’s server along with a client secret (a private key for verification) to receive the access token.

4. Accessing Data: With the access token, the app can securely access user data from the bank.

Key Terms:

• Resource Owner: The user who owns the data.
• OAuth Client/App: The third-party application requesting access.
• Authorization Server: The service (like Chase) that authenticates the user and issues tokens.
• Resource Server: The service hosting the user data.

OAuth involves both user consent and backend processes to keep information secure. It can appear in various forms, such as using "sign-on with Google," which is based on OAuth but also includes user data retrieval through OpenID Connect.

In summary, OAuth provides a secure and user-friendly way for apps to access personal data without compromising passwords.

No summary available.

On August 21, 2025, the author discusses an AI webbot called "Thinkbot," which has been highly active online. This bot identifies itself simply and invites users to block its IP address if they have issues with it. The author notes that Thinkbot has used 74 unique IP addresses from 41 different network blocks, all owned by Tencent, a Chinese company.

The author speculates that the Chinese government might be using this bot to scrape content from the internet while externalizing the costs of their internet restrictions to other countries. In response, the author has added several Tencent-owned network blocks to their firewall to block this bot's activity, covering over 476,000 IP addresses.

The author expresses frustration with having to take such measures, feeling that the current state of the internet makes it necessary to protect against unwanted web activity.

Doai Eki is a unique train station located on the border of Gunma and Niigata prefectures in Japan. While it appears ordinary for passengers traveling south to Tokyo, the experience changes drastically for those heading north to Niigata.

Northbound travelers must walk 15 minutes down nearly 500 steps into the dark Shin-Shimizu tunnel to reach the platform, which feels eerie and enclosed. The station is often humorously referred to as “Japan’s no 1 station for moles” due to its subterranean location. Inside, there's a small waiting room filled with notes and photos left by visitors, adding to the unsettling atmosphere.

The station is also situated near Mount Tanigawa, known as "Death Mountain" because of its dangerous climbs, which have claimed many lives over the years.

The author discusses "dangerous advice" for software engineers—powerful guidance that can be very helpful or harmful depending on how it's used. Examples include making your own decisions about projects, occasionally breaking company rules, and taking strong positions despite uncertainty. While this advice can be risky, it’s often more genuine than typical career advice, which tends to avoid liability and impress others.

The author points out that managers usually don’t provide this kind of advice because it could backfire on them, even if they recognize its value. They feel frustrated that strong engineers could be more effective with a more tactical approach. Following this dangerous advice requires courage; it can lead to significant benefits for capable engineers but may be harmful for those less experienced. The author reassures readers that if they sometimes operate in this way, they are not alone.

Thailand is using Long Range Acoustic Devices (LRAD), which emit very loud sounds that can exceed 120–160 decibels. These high sound levels can cause serious health issues such as ear pain, deafness, dizziness, headaches, nausea, and breathing difficulties.

A prisoner in New Jersey State Prison was asked by his lawyer to review trial transcripts and legal documents on a flash drive to prepare for an appeal. However, the prison's outdated policies prevent inmates from accessing flash drives directly in their cells, requiring them to request time in a law library, which can delay the appeal process.

Inside the prison, technology is very old-fashioned, using electric typewriters and floppy disks instead of modern devices. Inmates can keep 20 floppy disks, but these are largely impractical because they have limited storage (1.44 megabytes each) and can easily get corrupted. Legal documents often exceed this capacity, complicating their work.

The prison's outdated systems hinder inmates' ability to prepare their legal cases efficiently. The author suggests that allowing the use of restricted laptops or tablets could greatly improve their ability to access and manage legal documents. This issue highlights the need for modernization in the prison system to support inmates in advocating for their freedom.

Summary of "The MiniPC Revolution"

The article discusses the benefits of MiniPCs, which are compact, cost-effective computers that can serve a variety of functions in home and office settings. Here are the key points:

1. Affordable and Replaceable: MiniPCs are usually inexpensive due to efficient manufacturing, though they may not be easily repairable, leading to more electronic waste.

2. Space-Saving and Portable: Their small size makes them easy to fit in various spaces, like behind a TV or on a small desk, making them ideal for multiple uses around the house.

3. Energy Efficient: MiniPCs consume significantly less power compared to traditional computers, reducing electricity bills and environmental impact.

4. Versatility: They can handle different computing needs, such as general computing, networking, network storage (NAS), and personal cloud services. By using different MiniPCs, users can cover all their requirements without needing a single powerful machine.

5. Simplified Setup: Unlike building a complex home server, MiniPCs allow users to avoid the hassles of assembling components, offering an easier and often cheaper solution.

6. No Need for Virtualization: MiniPCs can operate independently, reducing the need for virtualization software, which can complicate setups.

7. Reduced Risk of Failure: By using multiple MiniPCs for different tasks, users can avoid downtime caused by hardware failures affecting all services.

8. Encourages Experimentation: Their isolated nature makes it easier and less stressful to tinker with setups, fostering a fun and rewarding experience.

In conclusion, MiniPCs are a practical and flexible option for anyone interested in starting a home lab or enhancing their computing capabilities without a large upfront investment. They encourage growth and experimentation, making them a popular choice for tech enthusiasts.

The author discusses their experience with purchasing Intel N100 Mini PCs for research and development work, moving away from Raspberry Pis. The N100 features a low-power processor with 4 cores and supports up to 32GB of RAM and multiple 2.5Gbps Ethernet ports. It's affordable and allows for effective testing of Kubernetes and Firecracker code, providing a better performance compared to Raspberry Pis, especially in handling multiple virtual machines.

The author compares the N100 with the Raspberry Pi 5, noting that while the Pi 5 has improved specs, it still faces limitations like I/O bottlenecks and high costs when fully equipped. They highlight the N100's advantages, such as better RAM support, built-in NVMe boot drive, and standard HDMI ports.

The author uses their N100s for various tasks, including product development, testing, and support for OpenFaaS, a serverless framework. They also mention a tool called Slicer for managing microVMs efficiently.

In terms of performance, the N100s generate heat but remain stable, making them suitable for headless Linux setups. The author concludes that the N100 Mini PCs offer great value for money and are more powerful than Raspberry Pis, alongside their ability to run KVM and Firecracker effectively. They also briefly mention the Acemagic F3A Mini PC as a more powerful alternative.

Your computer network has shown unusual activity. To proceed, please confirm that you are not a robot by clicking the box below.

This may have happened because your browser needs to support JavaScript and cookies, and they shouldn't be blocked. For more details, you can check our Terms of Service and Cookie Policy.

If you need assistance, contact our support team and provide the reference ID: 72f08b54-8296-11f0-9ae2-7f3c9de097de.

Also, consider subscribing to Bloomberg.com for important global market news.

The future of AI should be open and collaborative, not just controlled by a few companies. Our platform allows people and organizations to pool money to train large AI models, making powerful AI available to everyone. By sharing costs and benefits, we can speed up innovation and ensure that the community reaps the rewards.

Here's how it works:

1. Project Proposal: Researchers submit detailed plans for training AI models, outlining goals, data, and expected results.
2. Community Funding: Individuals and organizations contribute money to meet the project's budget through our crowdfunding platform.
3. Model Training: Once funded, the model is trained using shared computing resources, with updates shared transparently. After training, the model is released as open-source for everyone to access and benefit from.

Join our community to stay updated on the launch of our crowdfunding platform for AI model training.

No summary available.

TecharoHQ is a public project on GitHub, specifically the "anubis" repository. It has a notable presence with 12.2k stars and 338 forks. Currently, there are 155 open issues and 33 pull requests.

One of the recent pull requests, titled "feat: add 'proof of React' challenge," aims to implement a new challenge method using Preact, which is a lightweight alternative to React. This method involves SHA-256 hashing to verify that the client can run JavaScript, making it more efficient than traditional proof-of-work challenges. The author, Xe, noted that this was developed with minimal resources while on a plane.

The pull request includes documentation updates, test cases, and a message encouraging polite comments from reviewers. There have been some issues detected by the code scanning tools, including spelling errors. Overall, the project is actively being developed and maintained.

Summary of "Scamlexity" by Nati Tal and Shaked Chen

In their article, Tal and Chen discuss the dangers associated with Agentic AI Browsers, which automate online tasks like shopping and email management. While these browsers promise convenience, they often lack proper security measures, making users vulnerable to scams such as phishing and fake online stores.

Key Points:

1. Introduction of Scamlexity: The term "Scamlexity" describes a new era of complex scams amplified by AI, where traditional scams are more effective because AI browsers can be easily manipulated.

2. AI Browsers in Use: Companies like Microsoft and OpenAI have developed AI Browsers that operate autonomously. However, in their pursuit of user experience, these browsers often neglect essential security features.

3. Test Cases: The authors tested the Perplexity Comet AI Browser against classic scams:

   • Fake Online Store: The AI browser was tricked into purchasing a product from a fake Walmart site without human oversight, revealing its inability to identify fraudulent sites.
   • Phishing Email: The AI also clicked on a phishing link in a fake bank email, directly leading to a malicious page without any safety checks, demonstrating a failure to recognize suspicious content.

4. Prompt Injection Risks: The authors introduced a new type of attack called "PromptFix," where hidden prompts manipulate the AI's actions, showing that scammers can bypass human judgment by targeting AI directly.

5. Broader Attack Surface: These findings indicate a significant increase in potential scams as AI Browsers grow in popularity. Once one AI is compromised, the same exploit can affect thousands of users.

6. Call for Enhanced Security: The authors emphasize the need for robust security measures to be integrated into AI Browsers from the start, rather than as an afterthought. This includes better phishing detection and URL checks to safeguard users.

In conclusion, while AI Browsers provide remarkable convenience, they also present new vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial and personal risks. It is crucial to prioritize security in their development to protect users effectively.

Dr. Daniel Mansfield, a mathematician, has studied the ancient Babylonian clay tablet known as Plimpton 322, which dates back 3,700 years. This tablet contains a trigonometric table that is more accurate than any used today and predates Pythagoras by over 1,000 years. Researchers from the University of New South Wales believe it was used for practical purposes like surveying and architectural calculations for building temples and pyramids.

The tablet features four columns and 15 rows of cuneiform writing, showcasing an advanced understanding of right-angle triangle ratios, rather than angles and circles. While mathematicians have debated its purpose for decades, Mansfield and his colleague Norman Wildberger now suggest that it was a working tool, not just a teaching aid.

They speculate that the original format may have included six columns and 38 rows, indicating its practical use in ancient engineering. The research highlights the sophistication of Babylonian mathematics and suggests that many more tablets remain to be studied, potentially offering new insights into this advanced ancient culture.

Australia Post has stopped most parcel shipments to the United States due to new tariffs that will be applied to low-value packages starting August 29. This means that Australian businesses can no longer use Australia Post to send parcels valued under $800 to American customers. Only letters and gifts worth less than $150 will still be sent.

The decision comes as many retailers were already facing difficulties and had begun halting shipments to the US in anticipation of the changes. The new tariffs are part of a move by the US government that ends a previous tax exemption for low-value imports, which has caused confusion and chaos for postal services globally.

Australia Post is working on a solution to comply with the new US customs requirements and hopes to resume services in the future. Meanwhile, some private shipping companies, like FedEx, will continue to offer services to the US, while others, such as Sendle, have also suspended their shipments until further notice due to the uncertainty around the new tariffs.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The article emphasizes the importance of upgrading to a faster CPU to boost productivity, especially for software engineers. Many people still use older mobile chips, which can hinder their efficiency. With the rise of AI coding tools, like Cursor costing $480 per year, it's clear that investing in productivity is valuable. A high-end CPU, like the AMD Ryzen 9 9950X, costs about $500 and can significantly improve performance, often amortized to just $170 per year over three years.

The article highlights impressive performance differences, showing that desktop CPUs are roughly three times faster than laptops and that newer CPUs are three times faster than those from three years ago. This speed increase can dramatically reduce wait times for tasks, making a strong case for investing in better hardware. If you can afford AI subscriptions, you should also invest in a fast CPU for optimal performance.

Gonzo: A Terminal UI for Log Analysis

Gonzo is a powerful tool for analyzing log data in real-time, designed for terminal use. It features an intuitive interface inspired by the k9s tool, allowing users to monitor log streams with visual charts, AI insights, and advanced filtering options.

Key Features:

• Real-Time Analysis:

  • Processes logs as they come from various sources like files and networks.
  • Supports OpenTelemetry log format and can receive logs via gRPC.
  • Automatically detects log formats such as JSON and plain text.
  • Displays severity levels using color coding and charts.

• Interactive Dashboard:

  • Offers a user-friendly 2x2 grid layout with live charts for log analysis.
  • Supports both keyboard shortcuts and mouse navigation.
  • Provides detailed views of individual log entries and allows for pausing log updates.

• Advanced Filtering:

  • Users can filter logs using regular expressions and specific attributes.

• AI-Powered Insights:

  • Automatically identifies recurring patterns and anomalies in logs.
  • Suggests potential root causes for issues using different AI models.

Getting Started:

• Installation:

  • Can be installed using Go or Homebrew, or by downloading a binary.

• Basic Usage:

  • Read logs from files or streams, follow logs in real-time, and analyze logs with AI capabilities.

Configuration:

• Users can customize Gonzo using command-line flags or configuration files for persistent settings.

Development:

• Gonzo is built using several frameworks and libraries, making it modular and easy to contribute to.

Contribution:

• The project welcomes contributions and provides guidelines for getting involved.

Gonzo aims to simplify log analysis for developers and operators, making it easier to spot issues and understand log data in real-time.

The text discusses the differences in type handling between C and Zig programming languages, focusing on their treatment of structures and type equality.

1. C Language Example: In C, two structures with different names are treated as unique types, even if their contents are identical. For instance, passing a struct of one type where another is expected results in an error.

2. Zig Language Features: In Zig, you can define a struct without naming it and bind it to a constant. If you create two constants based on the same struct definition, they are treated as the same type. However, if you modify their definitions slightly, they become different types.

3. Type Equality in Zig: Zig allows for structural typing, where types can be equivalent if they share the same structure. However, this can lead to confusion. For example, using a function to generate types may yield the same type for different calls under certain conditions, but not under others.

4. Complications with Type Constructors: The text highlights how Zig's type constructors can behave unexpectedly, leading to different types even when they seem similar. This can create issues in generic programming, where the expectation is that similar structures should be treated as the same type.

5. Generics and Structural Typing: The author warns that while Zig offers some flexibility with types, programmers should be cautious. The complexity of type equality and the potential for unexpected behavior means that developers cannot fully rely on Zig to manage types automatically.

6. Comparison to Other Languages: The text also compares Zig's behavior with other languages like Jai and Odin, showing that they share similar issues with type handling, particularly with generics and structural typing.

Overall, the key takeaway is that while Zig introduces powerful concepts for type handling, it also presents challenges and potential pitfalls that programmers must navigate carefully.

Glenn and Julian are developing a tool called Stagewise, which is a frontend coding agent that works with your app in development mode. It can be used with any framework or component library. The agent allows users to easily make changes to their local code by clicking on HTML elements and entering commands (like "increase the height here").

They created Stagewise after realizing that existing tools for local development lacked the "magic" they enjoyed in prototyping tools. Initially, Stagewise simply relayed prompts to other coding agents but has since evolved into its own agent for better functionality.

Recent updates include a chat history feature, an undo button, and increased free credits while reducing prices by 50%. The tool has gained popularity among non-technical users who want to continue building prototypes locally. Users can start using the agent by running a simple command in their app's directory.

Feedback from users is welcomed, and they are excited to see how it will be used.

The text discusses the complexities and shortcomings of Go's interface system, particularly focusing on default methods and their implications. Here are the key points:

1. Structural vs. Nominal Typing: Go uses structural typing for interfaces, meaning a type is considered to implement an interface if it has the required methods, rather than explicitly declaring so. This contrasts with languages like Java or Rust.

2. Implementation Challenges: The lack of explicit interface implementation leads to issues like difficulty in documenting compliance and unintended conformity to interfaces, which can create runtime problems.

3. Example with flag.Value: The flag.Value interface in Go illustrates the problems with current design. It has methods for string representation and parsing but lacks a straightforward way to extract values, necessitating complex type assertions.

4. Struct Embedding: Go allows struct embedding, enabling new methods to be added to existing types without changing client code by requiring them to embed a default struct that provides new methods.

5. Unexported Methods: Interfaces can have unexported methods, which must be matched by name and package, preventing external types from implementing them. This can be leveraged to enforce embedding of default structs.

6. Method Name Conflicts: Users may inadvertently define methods that conflict with interface methods, causing issues when changes are made to the interface.

7. Proposed Alternatives: The text suggests optional methods and related interfaces as potential solutions to improve the interface system, though these come with their own challenges.

8. Conclusion: Overall, Go's interface mechanism is seen as problematic, as it complicates the addition of new methods and leads to messy implementations. The article advocates for a more intentional and structured approach to interface design in Go.

A few weeks ago, a friend inspired me to create a personal blog using XSLT. Instead of just making my own blog, I developed a framework that others can use and published it on GitHub.

The framework allows you to easily publish posts without needing a complex build system. To use it, you simply need to:

1. Write a new post in HTML format with the required XML headers and footers.
2. Tag the post uniquely so the framework can find it.
3. Add the post to the posts.xml file.

This framework is user-friendly and works well for my needs, although there may be some CSS bugs. I hope XSLT remains part of the HTML specification, as I find it simple and effective.

For more details, you can check out the framework on GitHub here.

At a recent hackathon, a team experimented with a coding agent, Claude Code, running in a continuous loop. This approach led to over 1,000 commits and six codebases being successfully ported overnight, including the assistant-ui library from React to Vue.js and a Python tool called Browser Use to TypeScript.

The team used a simple prompt instructing the agent to port code and commit changes after each edit. They set up virtual machines to run these loops overnight. By morning, they found that the agent had mostly completed the tasks, including writing tests and even adding extra features like Flask support.

Key takeaways from the experience included:

• Simplicity in prompts is crucial; complex prompts hinder performance.
• The agent performed well, staying focused and completing assigned tasks without getting stuck.
• The project incurred around $800 in costs for running the agents, which made approximately 1,100 commits.

They also created a tool named RepoMirror to help set up repositories for future porting tasks, allowing for easy syncing between source and target codebases. Overall, the experience highlighted the potential of coding agents, while also revealing that there is still work to be done to ensure perfect code outputs.

Summary of Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP)

Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) is an enhancement to the traditional TCP protocol that allows devices with multiple network interfaces (like a smartphone with Wi-Fi and cellular) to use multiple paths for data transmission simultaneously. This approach can improve connectivity but is still not widely adopted because it can lead to issues like packet reordering.

Key Points:

1. Single vs. Multi-Path Usage: Most internet communications currently rely on a single path, but MPTCP can utilize multiple interfaces to enhance connection quality and reliability.

2. Subflows: MPTCP creates "subflows" that allow a single TCP connection to be supported by several underlying TCP flows. This enables better bandwidth utilization.

3. Advantages: MPTCP addresses two main issues of traditional TCP:

   • Aggregation: It combines bandwidth from multiple interfaces, potentially increasing overall speed.
   • Mobility: It maintains a connection even when a device switches between networks (e.g., from Wi-Fi to cellular).

4. Current Implementations: The main implementations of MPTCP are on Linux and iOS/macOS. Linux supports MPTCP from kernel version 5.6, while iOS requires version 7.

5. Path Management and Scheduling: MPTCP uses a Path Manager to manage connections and a Scheduler to decide which path to use for data transfer. However, the current implementations are still maturing and can be complex to configure.

6. Limitations: While MPTCP shows promise, it has limitations, including compatibility issues and the need for further development on Linux for client-side use.

7. Future Potential: MPTCP has been in development for 15 years, and while it offers unique benefits, whether it will become mainstream remains uncertain. Meanwhile, Multi-Path QUIC is also being developed but is less mature.

In summary, while MPTCP has exciting potential to enhance internet connectivity, its current usage scenarios are limited, primarily effective in specific setups involving Linux servers and macOS/iOS clients.

This text outlines a project focused on retracing the journeys of Paul in the Roman world. Paul took four major trips:

1. First Missionary Journey (Orange Route)
2. Second Missionary Journey (Purple Route)
3. Third Missionary Journey (Green Route)
4. Final Journey to Rome (Red Route)

The project includes an interactive map that shows all of Paul's stops, the roads he traveled, and the stories associated with these journeys. Updates will be shared on Instagram @kingdoms.collide, with plans to finish the exploration by late 2026.

Contact Information:

• Email: [email protected]
• Twitter: [Profile Link]
• Bluesky: [Profile Link]
• LinkedIn: [Profile Link]

Summary of MCP Gateway

The ContextForge MCP Gateway is a versatile tool that acts as a gateway, proxy, and registry for Model Context Protocol (MCP) and REST services. It unifies various functionalities such as discovery, authentication, rate limiting, and observability into a single endpoint, making it easier for AI clients to connect.

Key Features:

• Supports both MCP and REST services.
• Provides an Admin UI for real-time management.
• Allows virtualization of legacy APIs to comply with MCP standards.
• Offers multiple transport options including HTTP and WebSocket.
• Built-in security, retries, and rate-limiting features.
• Scalable deployment options via Docker or PyPI.
• Compatible with observability tools like OpenTelemetry.

Installation:

• Can be installed via PyPI or Docker.
• Quick start guides are provided for different environments (like VS Code and containers).

Important Note: The current version (0.6.0) is in alpha/beta stage and is not recommended for production use until fully tested and secured. It is an open-source project without official support from IBM, so users must ensure its security and proper integration on their own.

Overall, the MCP Gateway simplifies the connection and management of AI services, making it a valuable tool for developers in the AI space.

No summary available.

No summary available.