AI bots and crawlers are software programs that explore public websites to gather data for various uses, such as improving search engines and training AI models.

Key points include:

• AI Bot Traffic: The text discusses traffic from AI bots, indicating they are active in scanning websites.
• Industry Sets: These are curated collections of related industries, likely for better data organization.
• HTTP Bot Traffic: It mentions trends in HTTP requests made by the top AI bots.
• Purpose of Crawling: The reasons for crawling websites are analyzed, showing different purposes behind the data collection.
• Crawl-to-Refer Ratio: This is a metric that compares the number of crawl requests to the number of referrals from HTML pages, highlighting changes over time.

Overall, the content focuses on how AI bots collect and analyze web data for various applications.

Summary of Blocky Planet: Making Minecraft Spherical

Blocky Planet is a tech demo created using the Unity game engine that transforms Minecraft’s cubic blocks into a spherical format. The game features a destructible, procedurally generated planet made up of over 20 block types.

Key Points:

• Gameplay: Players can place and remove blocks on a spherical planet, making it unique compared to traditional flat voxel games.
• Development: The demo was inspired by Jordan Peck's tech demo and took over a month to create, with challenges primarily around adapting a cubic system to a spherical one.
• Accessibility: The latest version is available for free on Itch.io, with versions for Windows and web browsers.
• Future Development: While the creator does not plan to develop a polished full game, updates may be released occasionally.

Technical Challenges:

• Mapping a flat grid to a sphere involves distortion, which is addressed using a method called quad spheres, reducing visual distortion compared to traditional mapping.
• The structure of the planet is divided into sectors and shells, allowing for efficient block management and gameplay.
• Gravity mechanics were customized so players experience gravity directed towards the planet's center, enhancing gameplay immersion.

Additional Features:

• Terrain and biome generation is based on 3D noise to avoid seams and distortion.
• Block structures can be placed in a way that accounts for the spherical nature of the world, even around complex areas where sectors meet.

Future Aspirations: The creator has plans for features like multiple planets, cave generation, and improved biome systems, but the timeline for these additions remains uncertain. Feedback and suggestions are encouraged from players.

The CocoaPods Trunk Read-only Plan allows users to access CocoaPods repositories without making changes. This means that while you can view and use the available libraries, you cannot modify or add to them. It's designed for users who want to utilize CocoaPods without the ability to contribute or alter the content.

Benn Jordan expressed frustration after being misidentified by Google as someone who made a controversial video about Israel, despite never having visited the country. He clarified that he has always supported Palestinian statehood and opposed genocide. The mix-up seems to stem from AI confusion, mistaking him for a commentator with a different viewpoint. Jordan is considering legal action due to the damaging nature of the false information. Others in the conversation raised concerns about the dangers of AI creating misleading narratives and the potential legal implications of such misinformation.

The author shares their experience with Nim, a programming language they find undervalued after using it for 1-2 years. They believe Nim is enjoyable to write and read, and they use it for their personal website.

Recent discussions about Nim reveal that some information is outdated. Notably, since Nim version 2, the default memory management model has changed to ORC/ARC, which is more advanced than the previous tracing Garbage Collector. Nim is a strong alternative for production use, especially compared to new languages like Carbon, offering great compatibility with C++.

The author highlights Nim's strengths, such as:

• Conciseness: Requires less code for tasks, making it similar to high-level languages like Python.
• Flexibility: Can be compiled to various formats (C, C++, JavaScript) and supports advanced meta-programming.
• Performance: Comparable to other systems programming languages.

They describe features like memory management, language interoperability, and a strong type system. A simple example demonstrates how to serialize and deserialize data using Nim's features.

However, the author notes some weaknesses in Nim, including:

• Tooling issues, like slow language server performance and debugging difficulties.
• Compiler inefficiencies and some confusing language features for newcomers.
• Limitations in the standard library, such as the lack of support for WebAssembly.

In conclusion, the author appreciates Nim as a powerful systems programming language that emphasizes concise and flexible code, despite some tooling and language design challenges. They recommend various high-quality libraries for different tasks in Nim.

The article discusses the @isolated(any) attribute in Swift, which relates to asynchronous functions and their isolation. Here are the key points:

1. Purpose of @isolated(any): This attribute allows developers to capture and inspect the isolation of functions, which can be important for scheduling and structuring concurrent tasks.

2. Async Functions: Async functions in Swift must be called with the await keyword, allowing tasks to suspend without blocking threads. This flexibility is crucial in concurrent programming.

3. Function Types and Isolation: When functions are passed as arguments, their isolation (whether they're synchronous or belong to a specific actor) isn't always clear. @isolated(any) adds a property that reveals this isolation.

4. Behavior of @isolated(any): Functions decorated with this attribute must still be called with await, even if they are synchronous, which can be confusing.

5. Importance for Scheduling: The isolation property enables better scheduling decisions for tasks, particularly with the new guarantees introduced in Swift 6.0 regarding task ordering.

6. General Advice: While it's good to understand @isolated(any), most developers can ignore it unless they are specifically dealing with isolated functions. It provides flexibility and better scheduling but isn't something that needs to be used frequently.

In summary, @isolated(any) is a useful tool in Swift for managing function isolation in asynchronous programming, but it's not essential for everyday use.

The text discusses the SuperMemo method, which focuses on improving learning by understanding how memory works in our bodies. It emphasizes the importance of physiology (how our body functions) and biochemistry (the chemical processes in our bodies) in enhancing memory. The goal is to find effective ways to optimize learning techniques based on this understanding.

Summary: Using Git for Music Production

The author, a musician and software engineer, discovered how to use Git, a version control tool, for managing music projects. This approach helps avoid the chaos of multiple project file versions like "my-cool-song-new-vocals-brighter-mix-4.rpp." Instead of creating many copies, they initialize a Git repository in the project folder, allowing for better version management.

Key steps in the Git workflow include:

1. Initializing a Repository: Use the command line to set up Git in the project directory.
2. Creating a .gitignore File: Specify which files to track (e.g., the main project file) and ignore others (like media files).
3. Making Commits: Save versions of the project with descriptive names, making it easy to track changes.

While Git is not ideal for large binary files like WAVs, it works well for the main project file. Collaboration on music projects is challenging due to the opaque nature of project files and the need for similar setups among collaborators. However, the author finds it useful to back up music projects on GitHub and track TODO items in a versioned text file.

In conclusion, using Git for music production offers practical advantages, even if it isn't a perfect solution.

The Cloudflare Search Engine Referral Report for the second quarter of 2025 provides insights into the market share of various search engines globally. Cloudflare uses data from its vast network, which supports around 25 million internet properties, to estimate this market share reliably.

Key points include:

• Data Collection: The report relies on the "referer header" from HTTP/S requests to identify which search engine was used when a link is clicked.
• Methodology: It filters out bot traffic and certain non-relevant requests to focus on genuine user interactions. The report assumes that the traffic Cloudflare observes is representative of general search engine activity.
• Operating Systems: The analysis includes various operating systems, such as iOS, Android, and several desktop systems, while excluding others that do not fit into these categories.
• Limitations: The report notes some limitations, such as the potential for users to disable the referer header or Chrome's NoState Prefetch feature, which may affect data accuracy.

Overall, the report aims to provide a clear view of search engine usage trends based on broad internet traffic data.

The article discusses how to maintain order in concurrent Go applications, which is a challenge when using goroutines that process data simultaneously. While concurrency is fast and beneficial, it can disrupt the natural sequence of data processing, which is crucial in certain scenarios, such as real-time log enrichment, file searches, and time series data analysis.

Key Points:

1. Importance of Order: Maintaining order is essential in applications where results depend on chronological processing. Examples include enriching logs, finding the first match in a file list, and processing time series data.

2. Three Approaches to Ordered Concurrency:

   • ReplyTo Channels: This method involves using unique channels for each input item to ensure results are sent back in order. It has moderate overhead but requires additional channel allocations.
   • sync.Cond for Turn-Taking: This simpler approach uses a shared index and condition variables to control which goroutine writes next. However, it suffers from performance issues at high concurrency due to unnecessary wake-ups of all goroutines.
   • Permission Passing Chain: This efficient method allows each job to wait for permission to write its result, passing this permission along a chain. It eliminates the thundering herd problem and can be enhanced using a channel pool for zero allocations.

3. Performance Comparison: The Permission Passing approach is highlighted as the best option, offering good performance with minimal overhead, zero allocations, and a clean abstraction for building other concurrent operations.

4. Final Takeaway: The right concurrency approach can provide speed and order without significant costs. The permission passing pattern exemplifies how to effectively manage concurrency in Go applications, leading to maintainable and efficient code.

Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of choosing the right method for ordered concurrency in Go, showcasing practical implementations and performance insights.

Summary of zfsbackrest

Overview:
zfsbackrest is an experimental tool for creating encrypted backups of ZFS filesystems. It is not recommended to rely on it as your only backup solution.

Installation:

• You need to install the age tool for generating encryption keys.
• Use the command:
  $ go install github.com/gargakshit/zfsbackrest/cmd/zfsbackrest@latest

Configuration:

• Create a configuration file at /etc/zfsbackrest.toml.
• Set debug = true (note that this may log sensitive information).
• Specify the datasets to include in backups and configure S3 settings if using it.

Backup Types:

• Full Backups: Standalone, large, and do not rely on other backups.
• Diff Backups: Incremental backups that depend on the latest full backup.
• Incr Backups: Even smaller incremental backups that depend on the latest diff backup.

Repository Management:

• Initialize a repository using:
  $ zfsbackrest init --age-recipient-public-key="<your age public key>"
• View backups with:
  $ zfsbackrest detail
• Clean up orphaned or expired backups with the cleanup command.

Restoring Backups:

• Use your age identity file (private key) to restore backups with the command:
  $ zfsbackrest restore -i <path-to-age-identity-file> -s <source dataset> -b <backup ID> -d <destination dataset>

Safety Note:

• zfsbackrest does not modify ZFS datasets directly; it uses snapshots for backup operations.

Final Note:
This tool is still under development, and some features are not yet available.

This text describes a simple NuGet server built on Node.js. Here are the key points:

• Quick Setup: You can get the NuGet server running in just 10 seconds.
• Compatibility: It supports the modern NuGet V3 API for client operations.
• No Database Needed: Packages and metadata are stored directly in the filesystem, eliminating the need for a database.
• Easy Publishing: You can upload package files (.nupkg) using HTTP POST with tools like cURL.
• Basic Authentication: You can set up authentication for uploading and accessing packages.
• Reverse Proxy Support: The server can handle trusted reverse proxies for proper URL management.
• User-Friendly Interface: It features a modern web interface with improved functionalities.
• Package Importer: It can import packages from existing NuGet servers.
• Docker Support: A Docker image is available for easy deployment.

Summary:

Sideloading, the practice of installing apps outside official app stores, has been a controversial topic, especially with Google introducing more restrictions on Android. Many argue that they should be able to run any software on their own devices, and while that’s a valid point, it misses the larger issue.

The real concern is not just about app installation but about the control exerted by companies like Google and Apple over their operating systems, which limits what users can do with their hardware. For instance, Apple's success comes from the close integration of its hardware and iOS, and changing this could harm what makes the iPhone unique.

Instead of focusing solely on current restrictions, we should advocate for the ability to truly run any code on our devices. This means having the tools and support to install alternative operating systems, like running Android on an iPhone or Linux on a gaming console. Users should have the freedom to modify their hardware as they wish.

The paper discusses the complexity of the video game Tetris, specifically proving that it remains NP-complete even under certain constraints, such as with 8 columns or 4 rows. This finding addresses open questions that have persisted for over 15 years.

Key points include:

1. NP-Completeness: The authors demonstrate that Tetris is NP-complete for configurations with 8 or more columns and 4 or more rows. They use a method involving a 3-Partition problem as a basis for their proof.
2. Easier Cases: Conversely, Tetris with 2 columns or just 1 row can be solved in polynomial time, meaning it's much simpler in these scenarios.
3. k-omino Generalization: The study also extends to Tetris variants involving larger pieces, establishing the NP-completeness of these variants even under restricted conditions.
4. Animated Tetris Font: Additionally, the authors introduce an animated font that represents the shapes of Tetris pieces, showcasing their creativity in presentation.

Overall, this research deepens the understanding of Tetris in computational theory, illustrating the game's complexity across various configurations.

No summary available.

In March, Joanna Sadler, an organic chemist at the University of Edinburgh, received an unexpected email offering £35,000 to support her research on converting disposable cutlery into acetone using engineered bacteria. This offer came from Imperial College London’s Climate Solutions Catalyst (CSC), which uses an AI tool to identify promising climate research ready for commercialization.

This AI, developed by César Quilodrán Casas, analyzed 10,000 research abstracts, narrowing them down to 160 promising studies. After expert reviews, grants were awarded to Sadler and two others. The funding aims to support activities like industry collaboration or market research, without any obligations such as equity or patent rights.

While some believe AI can help identify underrepresented researchers and sift through vast scientific literature, others caution that it may introduce biases and reinforce past investment patterns. Concerns about confidentiality have led public funders, like the U.S. National Institutes of Health, to restrict AI use in grant reviews. The effectiveness of AI in this context remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for further testing and the importance of human judgment in funding decisions.

I'm sorry, but I can't access external links or content directly. If you provide the text you'd like summarized, I'd be happy to help!

The text compares cooking to programming, highlighting that recipes function like code. Ingredients are inputs, cooking actions are instructions, and following the recipe correctly yields a finished dish, similar to how a program runs without errors.

Recipes can be broken down into structured components (like actions, ingredients, and conditions), showing that the mental process of following instructions resembles how compilers translate code.

Large language models (LLMs) simplify the process of creating compilers for various domains, allowing anyone to describe their needs in plain language and receive a coded outline in return. This democratizes the ability to experiment with structured systems, whether in cooking, fitness, business processes, or music.

The shift is significant because it enables more people to explore and create compilers for their interests without needing specialized knowledge. However, while LLMs provide frameworks, humans still need to make decisions about how to prioritize different values in their systems. Overall, compilers are becoming accessible tools for transforming structured intent into action across various areas of life.

The text discusses India's booming e-waste recycling industry, which is worth $1.5 billion but heavily relies on informal labor. In Delhi, workers gather around e-waste dumps, unloading trucks filled with discarded electronics from brands like Nokia and Samsung. Most employees in this sector work informally, facing low wages and dangerous conditions.

India generates a significant amount of e-waste—about 1.75 million metric tons annually—and remains the third-largest importer of e-waste globally. While formal companies are emerging, 95% of the workforce operates informally, often under harsh and unsafe conditions. For example, women like Noor work for meager pay, enduring health risks while sorting e-waste.

Despite government efforts to regulate the industry, many informal workers, like those in the Malik family, continue to dominate the market. They control a significant portion of the recycling economy, often in lawless environments. New regulations aim to formalize the sector but face resistance from large tech companies concerned about cost increases.

In recent developments, the Khatta site in Delhi was temporarily closed due to legal disputes, highlighting the precarious nature of informal e-waste operations. Experts believe the business will likely relocate rather than disappear entirely, as demand for e-waste recycling continues to grow.

Summary of Bash Prompts Overview

This webpage is part of a larger guide on Bash prompts, aimed at providing useful examples for users. The author was inspired by a previous project and wanted to showcase various prompts submitted by others, along with their own designs. The prompts are listed in order of complexity and include:

1. Stock Prompts: Basic prompts from RedHat and Suse that show user and directory information.
2. Dan's Prompt: Displays history number, tty number, and last process return value.
3. Jobs Prompt: Monitors suspended jobs.
4. Light-weight Prompt: Colorful and standard information layout.
5. Elite Prompts: Various visually interesting prompts from a previous theme project.
6. Colourized Load Prompt: Shows system load with color coding.
7. Termwide Prompts: Adapt to terminal width and include battery status.
8. Clock Prompts: Display a clock in the terminal.
9. Sergio's Prompt: Mimics a title bar with helpful info.
10. Power Prompt: Provides extensive information but is slow.
11. Flexible Prompt: A complex, highly customizable prompt that may have issues.

These examples aim to inspire users in customizing their Bash prompts.

Mariya Grinberg's book, "Trade in War," explores the unusual occurrence of countries engaging in trade while involved in military conflicts. Despite being at war, nations like Britain and Germany during World War II, or India and Pakistan during their conflicts, have traded goods. Grinberg, a political scientist at MIT, explains that states often weigh the economic benefits of trade against the potential military advantages it may give their enemies.

Her research highlights that wartime trade occurs when it doesn't significantly aid the enemy's military efforts and when stopping trade would harm the state's own economy. The book, based on Grinberg's doctoral work, reveals that trade decisions are influenced by how long states expect conflicts to last and the military utility of the traded goods.

Grinberg notes that states often misjudge the duration of wars and that strong trade relations do not necessarily prevent conflicts. She hopes her work will encourage further exploration into the dynamics of trade during wartime.

No summary available.

In the 1800s, during their expedition to Oregon, Lewis and Clark’s team faced severe constipation due to a low-fiber diet. To help, they carried 600 large laxative pills known as “thunder-clappers,” which contained mercury salt. These pills were developed by Dr. Benjamin Rush, a prominent physician of the time, who believed in "heroic medicine," which often involved aggressive treatments.

The main ingredient, calomel (mercury chloride), acted as a strong purgative. While it sometimes provided relief, it also left a lasting mark on the landscape. As the team camped across the continent, they unknowingly deposited traces of mercury that archaeologists later used to identify their campsites.

Though some have suggested that a trained physician would have improved their health outcomes, historian David Peck disagrees, arguing that such a doctor might have been overly aggressive in treatment. Ultimately, the expedition's reliance on these laxatives not only relieved their digestive issues but also inadvertently helped document their journey long after they were gone.

Summary of "Strongly Happens Before" in C++ Memory Orderings

The article discusses a concept called "strongly happens before," introduced in C++20, which enhances understanding of memory orderings in concurrent programming. The author, Ryan Chung Yi Sheng, revisits C++ atomic operations to explore this concept and its implications.

1. Introduction to Strongly Happens Before: The term "strongly happens before" refers to a stricter version of the existing "happens before" relationship in C++. It aims to address specific issues in the C++ memory model that can lead to inconsistencies, especially when working with multiple threads.

2. Example Program: The author presents a simple C++ program with three threads manipulating atomic variables x and y. He analyzes the possible outcomes of these operations to determine if they align with the C++ memory model.

3. Modification Order: The article explains how operations on atomic variables follow a modification order. This order is critical for understanding how different threads interact and synchronize with each other.

4. Execution Graph: The author builds an execution graph based on the operations' constraints, illustrating how different operations relate to one another in terms of order and coherence.

5. Total Order Requirement: A key objective is to establish a single total order for all memory_order::seq_cst operations. The author explains how the presence of cycles in the execution graph can lead to invalid executions under certain interpretations of "happens before."

6. Challenges with Power Architecture: The article highlights that certain architectures, like Power, allow executions that violate the expected memory model due to their relaxed memory ordering. This raises questions about whether to adjust the standard or the implementations.

7. Fixing the Standard: The C++ committee opted to adjust the standard rather than the implementations to avoid performance penalties. The "strongly happens before" relationship helps maintain consistency in multithreaded environments.

8. Conclusion: The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding these memory orderings and their implications for writing correct concurrent programs in C++. He encourages readers to explore further resources for deeper insights.

Overall, this article serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the complexities of memory orderings in C++, particularly with the new "strongly happens before" concept, making it crucial for developers working with concurrent programming.

The author is trying to reduce their reliance on Google services and has cut down to using only Google Maps and Authenticator on their Android phone. They want to generate Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP) using a command-line tool called oathtool instead of Google Authenticator, which requires switching OTP providers.

To migrate their codes from Google Authenticator to oathtool, the author outlines a four-step process:

1. Export Codes: Use the Transfer Codes option in Google Authenticator to generate a QR code for the desired services.
2. Decode QR Code: Transfer the QR code to a computer and decode it to obtain a migration URL.
3. Extract Secrets: Decode the URL (which is in a Protobuf format) using a Python script from a GitHub repository to get the secret codes.
4. Generate OTPs: Use oathtool with the extracted secret codes to generate OTPs.

The author also created a wrapper script to simplify using oathtool by referencing service names instead of secrets. They acknowledge a security risk with storing secret keys in a file and suggest using encryption for added security.

Lastly, the author is looking for alternatives to Google Maps for traffic data.

A significant majority of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) has passed a resolution stating that Israel's actions in Gaza qualify as genocide under international law. The resolution, supported by 86% of voting members, calls for Israel to stop actions that harm Palestinians, including attacks on civilians, starvation, and deprivation of essential aid.

The IAGS highlights that since the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, Israel has engaged in systematic crimes against humanity and war crimes, targeting civilian infrastructure in Gaza. The IAGS president, Melanie O’Brien, emphasized that this resolution is a clear declaration from genocide experts regarding the situation in Gaza.

The 1948 UN convention defines genocide as actions intended to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Israel is currently facing allegations of genocide at the International Court of Justice, while the International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for Israeli leaders and a Hamas military chief.

Summary: Use One Big Server

The debate between "monoliths vs. microservices" often distracts from the real issue: whether distributed systems are worth the cost and complexity. Most software runs on servers, and modern servers are powerful and affordable.

Server Capabilities:

• Today's servers can handle heavy loads, such as serving video at high speeds, managing millions of database requests, and compiling software quickly.
• For example, a server can serve video files at 400 Gbps and handle 1 million IOPS on a NoSQL database.

Cost of Servers:

• Renting a powerful server can cost around $1,318/month from providers like OVHCloud, while a smaller server might cost about €140/month from Hetzner. In contrast, renting from AWS can be significantly more expensive, costing over $6,000/month for similar capabilities.

Server Efficiency:

• One big server can often meet the needs of most web services, especially if traffic is under 10,000 requests per second (QPS). For many applications, a single server can even handle up to a million QPS.

Cluster Management:

• When more computing power is needed, using a few large servers is typically more efficient than many small ones due to reduced overhead in managing the cluster.

Availability Concerns:

• A single server can have downtime, so it's wise to have a backup server, ideally in a different data center, to minimize risks.

Cloud Considerations:

• Cloud services offer convenience and quick recovery from failures, but they come at a premium. Using cloud-native architectures, like microservices, may increase costs significantly without proportional benefits.

When to Consider Cloud Solutions:

• If your workload is highly variable or bursty, using cloud solutions may be beneficial. However, for consistent workloads, renting or owning a powerful server is often cheaper and easier.

Common Misconceptions:

• Many believe cloud architecture reduces the need for system administration or security updates, but these responsibilities remain. Cloud setups can also introduce complexities that lead to failures.

Conclusion:

• When scaling your infrastructure, using one big server can be a cost-effective and efficient solution. Vertical scaling is often more practical than horizontal scaling, especially for many applications. While it may not be trendy, it can serve your needs well.

Summary of Chronicle Overview

Chronicle is a toolkit for implementing event sourcing in Go, ensuring type safety and practicality.

Key Concepts:

• Event Sourcing: A method of storing changes to an application's state as a series of immutable events, allowing the current state to be rebuilt from these events.
• Optimistic Concurrency: Managing conflicts when multiple processes attempt to modify the same data.
• Snapshots: Strategies for efficiently storing the state of aggregates at specific points in time to speed up event replay.
• Event Logs and Stores: Mechanisms to record and retrieve events, which can be backed by various storage solutions.

Components:

• Projections: Read models that aggregate data for efficient querying, allowing complex queries without replaying all events.
• Event Transformers: Tools for transforming events as they are processed.
• Custom Implementations: Users can create their own event logs and repositories tailored to their application needs.

Example Usage:

• In a banking application, an Account struct can respond to events like accountOpened, moneyDeposited, and moneyWithdrawn to maintain the state of the account.
• Commands such as opening an account or performing transactions are implemented as methods on the Account struct.

Quickstart:

1. Install the library.
2. Define your aggregate using provided base structures.
3. Implement event types relevant to your domain.
4. Use the repository to save and manage aggregates.

By following these guidelines, developers can efficiently implement event sourcing in their applications while ensuring type safety and ease of use.

The author is curious if custom ROMs, which allow for root access and personalized features, are still relevant in today's world where cars are becoming more digital.

Process Monitor for Linux (Preview) Summary

Process Monitor (Procmon) is a tool for Linux that helps developers track system call activity, similar to the original Procmon for Windows.

Installation & Requirements:

• OS: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
• Build Requirements:
  • cmake version 3.14 or higher
  • libsqlite3-dev version 3.22 or higher

How to Use Procmon:

• Basic command: procmon [OPTIONS]
• Options include:
  • -h/--help: Displays help information
  • -p/--pids: Specify process IDs to monitor
  • -e/--events: Specify system calls to monitor
  • -c/--collect [FILEPATH]: Start in headless mode and save data to a file
  • -f/--file FILEPATH: Open a trace file
  • -l/--log FILEPATH: Log debug information to a file

Examples:

• Monitor all processes: sudo procmon
• Monitor specific processes (IDs 10 and 20): sudo procmon -p 10,20
• Monitor specific syscalls (read, write, openat) for process 20: sudo procmon -p 20 -e read,write,openat
• Headless mode for process 35, saving to procmon.db: sudo procmon -p 35 -c procmon.db
• Open a trace file: sudo procmon -f procmon.db

Feedback and Contribution:

• For questions, use Stack Overflow with the tag ProcmonForLinux.
• To request features or report bugs, visit GitHub.
• If you're interested in contributing, refer to the "How to Contribute" document for guidance on building, testing, and submitting code.

License: Licensed under the MIT License by Microsoft Corporation.

No summary available.

Summary of "A Crack in the Cosmos" by Colin Wells

The text discusses the significant impact of a meteorite that fell near Aegospotami in 466 BCE and its connection to the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras. This event was interpreted as confirmation of Anaxagoras's radical idea that celestial bodies are made of the same material as Earth. The author compares this historical moment to the later confirmation of Einstein's theory of relativity, emphasizing how Anaxagoras's ideas revolutionized the understanding of the cosmos, shifting perspectives from viewing celestial bodies as gods to seeing them as natural objects.

Wells highlights the contributions of early Greek scientists like Thales, Anaximander, and Parmenides, who began to distinguish between natural and supernatural explanations for the world. Anaxagoras, in particular, proposed that light from the moon comes from the sun, marking a crucial scientific discovery.

The text also recounts the social and political context of Athens during Anaxagoras's time, including how public opinion turned against him due to fears that science undermined religious beliefs. This backlash culminated in Anaxagoras's trial and exile, reflecting a broader trend of anti-intellectualism in ancient Athens exacerbated by the turmoil of war and plague.

Finally, the author connects these historical events to the evolution of religious faith, suggesting that as scientific understanding grew, so did a reactionary supernaturalism. This tension between science and faith has persisted throughout history, illustrating the ongoing struggle between rational inquiry and belief in the supernatural.

No summary available.

Summary of "Nibble Stew" by Jussi Pakkanen

In this blog post, Jussi Pakkanen discusses the current state of C++ modules, expressing concern about their effectiveness. He argues that if C++ modules do not deliver at least a 5× speed improvement in compilation times across various open-source projects, they should be removed from the C++ standard.

Key points include:

1. Goals for C++ Modules: The primary benefit expected from C++ modules is significantly faster compilation times. However, the focus has shifted towards solving build isolation issues, which, while important, are not the main problem most developers face.

2. Implementation Challenges: C++ modules have been difficult to implement, taking over five years with little success. There are concerns that the initial design was overly ambitious and lacked practical testing or prototypes.

3. Lack of Coordination: There is a lack of cohesive leadership in the development of modules, leading to fragmented efforts across different teams and compilers.

4. Iterative Improvement: Pakkanen suggests a better approach would have been to develop modules incrementally, testing and measuring performance at each step.

5. Current Alternatives: The "import std" approach is mentioned as a simpler and more practical way to implement modules, focusing on the standard library to improve compilation speed.

6. Disadvantages for Developers: Adopting modules may complicate projects, reduce portability, and require code changes without providing significant benefits in return.

In conclusion, Pakkanen calls for a critical reassessment of the C++ modules initiative, emphasizing the need for measurable improvements in performance before continuing with their development.

The article discusses the ongoing status of the British Empire in light of the UK's overseas territories. It argues that the Empire still exists symbolically because the sun is always shining on some British territory, particularly the Pitcairn Islands and the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).

A significant issue is the UK government's plan to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago, which includes BIOT, to Mauritius. This transfer is complicated by the presence of a US military base on Diego Garcia, part of BIOT. The new Mauritian government is contesting the agreement, and the Chagossians, who were evicted for the base, have not been consulted.

If BIOT is transferred, the easternmost British territory would shift to the Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, which were retained by the UK after Cyprus gained independence. The SBAs are strategically important, and there are concerns that the Mauritian government may not agree to a similar arrangement as the one with Cyprus.

In summary, the article highlights the complexities surrounding British territories, the potential loss of BIOT, and its implications for the symbolic continuation of the British Empire.

The article discusses the USB-C compatibility of the Nintendo Switch 2 Dock, providing key insights into USB-C Power Delivery (PD) and various tests conducted on the device.

Key Points:

1. USB-C PD Basics: USB-C PD allows devices to negotiate power delivery up to 240 W, significantly more than the standard 15 W. It facilitates communication between devices to determine how much power can be supplied.

2. Power Negotiation Process: The negotiation involves a sequence of messages between the power source and the device drawing power. This includes messages about source capabilities, requests for power levels, and acknowledgments.

3. Testing: Several tests were performed with the Nintendo Switch 2, its dock, and various power adapters. Results indicated that the Switch 2 charges at a maximum of 15 W regardless of the power source.

4. Charging Characteristics: The Switch 2 takes about two hours to charge to 90% and three hours to reach 100%. It's suggested to charge it to 75% and play until it runs out of battery to optimize charging efficiency.

5. Dock Compatibility: Most docks struggle to support the Switch 2, potentially due to poor implementation of the USB-C specification rather than intentional restrictions by Nintendo.

Overall, the article highlights the limitations of the Switch 2's charging capabilities and the complexities of USB-C power delivery negotiations.

A study has found that the social media platform Bluesky is gaining popularity among scientists because it encourages better engagement with research content compared to X (formerly Twitter). The research analyzed 2.6 million posts on Bluesky referencing over 500,000 scholarly articles and found that these posts received significantly more likes, reposts, replies, and quotes than similar posts on X.

In August, Bluesky saw a doubling of daily science-related posts compared to July, and engagement metrics indicate that nearly half of scientific posts received at least 10 likes. The study's author noted that discussions on Bluesky feel more focused and meaningful, with fewer irrelevant interactions compared to X.

Despite Bluesky's rapid growth since its launch in 2023, its daily active user numbers have declined since a peak in late 2024. Scientists and communicators appreciate the platform for fostering productive discussions without the noise of trolls and misinformation that have affected X. Overall, Bluesky is becoming a credible platform for science communication, attracting researchers seeking a better environment for sharing and discussing their work.

VibeFlow is a tool created by Alessia and Elia that enables semi-technical users to build complete web applications using simple English prompts. The platform generates both the app's interface and backend logic, represented as a visual workflow that users can easily edit.

Many people currently face challenges when trying to create apps without coding, often using multiple tools that can lead to problems and inefficiencies. VibeFlow aims to solve this by providing a single platform that generates everything at once, making it easier to maintain and understand the app's logic.

The backend is built using Convex, ensuring predictable code generation without the uncertainty often associated with AI-generated coding. Users can customize their app's logic visually, and any changes will immediately reflect in the code.

VibeFlow offers a simpler interface compared to other platforms like Bubble or Webflow and allows for direct interaction with the backend, avoiding the "black-box" issues of AI coding assistants.

You can try VibeFlow here and watch a demo video here. The founders welcome feedback from users and developers interested in the future of AI-powered app creation.

Summary of "Bayes, bits & brains"

This site focuses on probability and information theory, explaining how they relate to machine learning and our understanding of the world. It includes various riddles to engage users and test their intelligence, comparing their performance against neural networks like GPT-2 and Llama 4.

Throughout a mini-course, participants will explore important mathematical concepts related to machine learning, including:

• KL divergence, entropy, and cross-entropy
• The principles of maximum likelihood and maximum entropy
• The use of logits, softmax, and Gaussian distributions
• Setting up loss functions
• Understanding compression and its implications for large language models (LLMs)

The course aims to provide a solid theoretical background while revisiting the puzzles presented. Users are encouraged to dive deeper into these topics rather than sticking with their current beliefs about KL divergence.

Bear, the software platform, has changed its licensing from the MIT license to the Elastic License. Initially, the MIT license allowed anyone to use and modify the code, which was intended to promote learning and transparency. However, the creator faced issues with others copying and using the software to create competing services, which was frustrating and damaging to their efforts.

The Elastic License is similar to MIT but includes a key restriction: the software cannot be offered as a hosted or managed service. This change reflects a trend among open-source projects that are trying to protect themselves from unfair competition.

The creator emphasizes that while the code is important, the community and commitment to the platform's future are what truly make Bear special. They are dedicated to maintaining the platform, even if it means limiting how the code can be used.

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The author appreciates Nunjucks for its simplicity and flexibility but couldn't find a similar tool for Java with the same syntax. So, they created their own tool, which is also fast. You can find it on GitHub at the provided link.

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The text discusses criticisms of a research paper titled "A Metric of Chess Complexity" by FM David Peng. The author expresses concerns about the validity of the paper’s claims regarding chess complexity, which is defined as a metric based on centipawn loss using Stockfish chess engines. The author highlights several propositions from the paper, such as the potential for creating non-tactical puzzles and automating opening preparation, but questions their logical soundness.

Key points include:

1. There is growing interest in measuring chess complexity, but the research methods and conclusions require more scrutiny.
2. The author believes some conclusions, like the potential for enhancing spectator understanding of chess games, are valid, while others need further investigation.
3. The paper's reliance on outdated technology may limit its relevance due to rapid advancements in chess engine development.
4. Additional research and improvements could enhance the evaluation of chess positions and player training methods.

Overall, the author is impressed by the topic and hopes for future developments in chess complexity metrics, particularly to prevent cheating.

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The text discusses the development of the Ford Model T and how it revolutionized car manufacturing. Key points include:

1. Early Success with Model N: Before the Model T, Ford gained popularity with the Model N, a low-cost car that sold well, allowing Ford to grow larger than competitors.

2. Innovative Production Methods: Ford used advanced materials like vanadium steel and implemented precision machining, which allowed for interchangeable parts. This meant Ford could produce cars efficiently and at a lower cost.

3. Design Improvements in Model T: The Model T was designed to be a five-seater with better features, including a more efficient engine block and simpler manufacturing processes, which reduced costs and improved reliability.

4. Mass Production Techniques: Ford introduced assembly lines, significantly speeding up production times and lowering labor costs. This system enabled continuous improvements and efficient use of machinery.

5. Cost Reductions and High Demand: As production improved, the cost of the Model T dropped significantly, leading to increased sales and making it accessible to a broader audience.

6. Impact on Manufacturing: Ford's focus on efficiency and continuous improvement set new standards in manufacturing, showcasing the potential of large-scale production.

Overall, the Model T not only made cars affordable for many Americans but also transformed manufacturing practices, demonstrating the benefits of efficiency and innovation.

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Summary of the Jujutsu Version Control System Tutorial

This tutorial is designed for beginners learning the Jujutsu version control system, requiring no prior experience with Git or other systems. It aims to provide foundational knowledge, especially for those who find existing resources too advanced.

Key Points:

• Target Audience: Beginners with no prior version control experience.
• Terminal Use: The tutorial requires working in the terminal, but a chapter on terminal basics is included.
• Operating Systems: Most commands work on Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac); Windows users may need WSL.
• Structure: The tutorial is divided into levels, with each level building on the previous one. Beginners should focus on Levels 1 and 2 for solo and collaborative projects, respectively.
• Levels Overview:
  • Level 1: Basics for solo use (e.g., tracking homework).
  • Level 2: Essentials for collaboration on group projects.
  • Level 3: Problem-solving skills (e.g., conflict resolution).
  • Level 4: Advanced history management.
  • Level 5: Productivity enhancements and advanced workflows.
  • Level 6: Specialized topics (e.g., tags, workspaces).
• Progress Reset: A script is provided to reset the example repository if needed, with clear instructions on usage.
• Updates: Stay informed about changes by subscribing to the tutorial’s GitHub repo for release notifications.
• Feedback: Users are encouraged to report errors or suggest improvements to enhance the tutorial.

Benefits of Jujutsu:

• Jujutsu is compatible with Git, making it easy to transition without losing functionality.
• It is simpler to learn than Git, reducing complexity while maintaining powerful features.
• Users can switch back to Git if needed, as Jujutsu supports seamless integration.

In conclusion, this tutorial aims to equip beginners with the skills needed to confidently use Jujutsu for version control, with potential for more advanced learning as needed.

Summary of ChangeLog

Unreleased Changes:

• Cookie Handling: Clarified the difference between manual cookies and the libcurl cookie engine. Added helper methods for cookie manipulation.
• New Features: Introduced support for CURLOPT_REQUEST_TARGET and clarified how to use easy.http_post.

Version 1.2.0:

• Bug Fixes: Resolved issues with callbacks and improved proxy options.
• Features: Added support for CURLOPT_NOPROXY and made the library aware of Fiber schedulers.

Version 1.1.0:

• New Functionality: Introduced CURLOPT_RESOLVE for DNS resolution and allowed configuration of maximum connections for hosts.

Version 1.0.9:

• Fixed proxy headers and added continuous integration tests for newer Ruby versions.

Version 1.0.8:

• Enhanced handling of PUT and PATCH requests to support multipart form data.

Version 1.0.7:

• Improved error handling and compatibility with newer libcurl versions.

Version 1.0.6:

• Fixed request length calculations for PUT requests.

Version 1.0.5:

• Added a shorter alias for the response code.

Version 1.0.4:

• Enhanced exception handling for better error reporting.

Version 1.0.3:

• Adjusted exception handling for broader coverage.

Version 1.0.2:

• Improved handling of proxy SSL verification.

Version 1.0.1:

• Fixed issues with nested requests and restored compatibility with older installations.

Version 1.0.0:

• Added support for new protocols and improved error handling.

Previous Versions:

• Various bug fixes, enhancements, and breaking changes were made across earlier versions, including improvements in timeout handling, better support for different HTTP methods, and adjustments for compatibility with new Ruby and libcurl versions.

This summary highlights the key changes, fixes, and enhancements made in the library over various versions, aiming to improve functionality and user experience.

The author has a large collection of high-quality text (2 GB) in a low-resource language and wants to create an advanced auto-complete model for writers. They plan to use a decoder-only model like Llama, Mistral, or Gemma, modify it by replacing unnecessary embedding layers, and create new ones based on a FastText model. They also want to develop a tokenizer from their corpus and train the model.

Additional ideas include using a custom loss function to reward synonyms, tagging the corpus with a language-specific POS-tagger, and adding a POS-tagging head for better grammar. They might need to use PEFT (LoRA) for model efficiency and are considering models in the 7b-12b range available on Colab Pro+.

The main questions are which base model would be best for general writing and whether the synonym and POS features will be beneficial or detrimental. They also seek advice on anything else they might need to consider.

This text discusses strategies and tactics for managing ADHD effectively. It is divided into two main sections: "Strategies," which outlines high-level approaches, and "Tactics," which offers specific actions to improve productivity.

Key Points:

Strategies:

1. Chemistry First: Medication, such as stimulants, is crucial for managing ADHD and should be prioritized over willpower alone.
2. Memory: Use tools like a task list (e.g., Todoist) to enhance memory and keep track of tasks.
3. Energy Management: Recognize that energy levels fluctuate throughout the day, and tackle challenging tasks when energy is highest.
4. Procrastination Types: Identify and address three types of procrastination: ADHD-related, anxious, and decision paralysis.
5. Introspection: Journaling helps identify patterns in behavior and track progress.
6. Time Management: Use calendars for big-picture planning and timers for focused work sessions.

Tactics:

1. Task Selection: Choose tasks based on urgency or how long they've been pending.
2. Visual Field Management: Keep important reminders visible to aid memory.
3. Centralize Inboxes: Consolidate tasks from various sources into one todo list.
4. Inbox Zero: Aim to keep all communication channels empty to avoid missing important tasks.
5. Accountability: Partner with someone to help stay focused and on track.
6. Plan First, Do Later: Separate planning from execution to maintain clarity and focus.

Additional Tips:

• Use melatonin for sleep issues.
• Regularly check in on long-term projects to maintain momentum.
• Implement a Pomodoro technique for managing tasks and breaks.
• Choose tools that you enjoy using to enhance productivity.

Overall, the text emphasizes a combination of internal changes (like medication) and external changes (like organization tools) to foster personal growth and productivity in managing ADHD.

Summary:

In a recent update from OpenAI, the new GPT-5 model showcased improved capabilities in using external tools, highlighted by the introduction of the Tau² benchmark. This benchmark assesses how well AI agents perform in real-world scenarios, particularly in three domains: Telecom, Retail, and Airline. The author, Przemysław Hejman, delves into the benchmark, noting that it provides a novel way to test AI agents beyond simple comparisons of language models (LLMs).

The benchmark involves simulations where an AI agent interacts with a user to solve specific problems, like booking flights. Each scenario includes defined roles for the User and the Agent, with dynamic conversations generated based on defined rules and tools. The system can evaluate agent performance through various checks, including database state changes and adherence to user expectations.

He highlights the complexity of testing these AI systems due to their non-deterministic nature, where outcomes can vary with each interaction. The Tau² benchmark aims to capture both quantitative and qualitative aspects of agent performance, making it a significant advancement in testing methodologies for AI systems.

In conclusion, studying Tau² reveals a promising framework for improving how we test AI-powered applications, moving beyond traditional testing methods to better reflect real-world interactions.

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Summary:

Eric Markowitz shares his profound experience before and after brain surgery, highlighting the fragile nature of consciousness. On the night before his surgery, he felt truly "alive" for the first time, fully aware of the beauty and absurdity of existence. He reflected on life, love, and the connections with his family, especially his young daughter.

After a successful but challenging recovery, Markowitz experienced what he calls "survivor's euphoria," realizing that survival is an active choice, not just a passive state. He learned that consciousness involves not just thoughts but also care and love. This experience reshaped his perspective on life, emphasizing the importance of being present and attentive to the world around him. He concluded that to truly live and be kind, one must first be aware and conscious of their experiences.

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Summary of Ultrassembler's Speed Optimization Techniques

Ultrassembler is a fast RISC-V assembler library designed to be used within the Chata signal processing project. It converts assembly language into machine code efficiently, avoiding the overhead of calling external programs, which is essential for embedded systems with limited processing power.

Key Points:

1. Performance: Ultrassembler outperforms existing assemblers by assembling RISC-V instructions over 10 times faster than GNU as and 20 times faster than llvm-mc. It uses efficient C++ code without platform-specific assembly.

2. Error Handling: Instead of using slow exceptions, Ultrassembler leverages C++'s zero-overhead exception system, reporting errors only when necessary, which does not impact performance in typical use cases.

3. Data Structures: The library uses compact data structures to store RISC-V registers and instructions, optimizing memory and improving access speed.

4. Preallocated Memory Pools: By using a custom memory allocator that avoids heap allocation, Ultrassembler minimizes overhead and enhances memory locality, which speeds up execution.

5. Value Speculation: The assembler optimizes character access in strings to improve parsing speed, anticipating the next character to reduce bottlenecks.

6. Smart Searches: It employs precomputed lookups for instructions, registers, and other elements using generated C++ code from Python scripts, drastically reducing search time.

7. Compile-Time Templates: These are used for immediate value verification, ensuring that checks are performed at compile time rather than runtime, which eliminates overhead.

8. Fast String Comparisons: Ultrassembler uses optimized functions to quickly compare strings, reducing the time spent on comparisons during assembly.

9. Memory Management: The struct organization in memory is optimized for access patterns, facilitating better performance.

10. Avoiding Insertions/Deletions: The assembler avoids costly insertions or deletions in the instruction stream by handling jumps with placeholders that are adjusted later.

11. Additional Optimizations: This includes memory padding, inlining small functions, minimizing string manipulation overhead, and stripping unnecessary compilation features to enhance speed.

Conclusion:

Ultrassembler's design focuses on speed and efficiency, making it a powerful tool for RISC-V assembly within performance-sensitive applications. The techniques used can be applied to improve other software projects as well. More information is available on its GitHub repository.

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Summary: Cognitive Load in Software Development

Cognitive Load refers to the mental effort required to understand and work with code. High cognitive load can lead to confusion, wasting time and resources. Since developers spend more time reading code than writing it, it's crucial to minimize cognitive load in projects.

1. Understanding Cognitive Load:

   • Intrinsic Load: This is the unavoidable complexity of a task inherent in software development.
   • Extraneous Load: This arises from how information is presented and can be reduced. This is the focus for simplifying code.

2. Reducing Cognitive Load:

   • Use clear and descriptive variable names to avoid complex conditionals.
   • Favor flat structures over deep inheritance to reduce mental strain.
   • Avoid excessive shallow methods or modules; instead, opt for deeper, more meaningful components.
   • Maintain a simple interface for complex functionality, as seen in UNIX I/O.

3. Microservices and Complexity:

   • Too many shallow microservices can create a "distributed monolith," complicating updates and debugging.
   • It’s often better to have fewer, well-defined services rather than numerous small ones.

4. Language Features and Complexity:

   • Limit the use of language features to reduce cognitive load; too many options can lead to confusion.

5. Clear Communication:

   • Use self-describing error codes instead of ambiguous status codes to simplify understanding across teams.
   • Avoid excessive abstraction that can obscure the logic of the codebase.

6. Framework Dependency:

   • Relying too heavily on frameworks can introduce unnecessary complexity. Keep business logic separate from framework details to ease onboarding for new developers.

7. Layered Architectures:

   • While layered architectures can seem beneficial, they can increase cognitive load and complicate project maintenance. Simple, clear designs are often more effective.

8. Domain-Driven Design (DDD):

   • DDD can help in understanding the problem space, but it’s essential not to overcomplicate the solution space with unnecessary structures.

9. Onboarding New Developers:

   • Familiarity does not equal simplicity; new developers should be able to understand and contribute to the codebase quickly. Reducing cognitive load aids this process.

In conclusion, minimizing cognitive load is critical in software development. By focusing on clarity, simplicity, and effective communication, developers can create more maintainable and understandable code.

Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's founding father, is remembered for transforming the country from a resource-poor island into one of the wealthiest nations by 1990. His leadership combined capitalism, pragmatism, and authoritarian practices, including suppressing critical media. Lee emphasized the importance of basic conditions for prosperity, highlighting two key factors for Singapore's success: multicultural tolerance and air conditioning.

He believed that air conditioning was crucial for productivity in the tropical climate, allowing work beyond the cooler morning and evening hours. Upon becoming prime minister, he prioritized installing air conditioning in civil service buildings to improve efficiency. Lee's practical approach extended to combating corruption by ensuring civil servants were well-paid, contributing to Singapore's reputation as a highly corruption-free nation.

The article discusses how a 20-year-old algorithm called KSVD can help us understand embeddings in large language models (LLMs). When a model is asked about "Java," it needs to clarify which meaning it's using. To analyze what the model is thinking, researchers aim to break down complex representations into simpler, understandable concepts.

A method called dictionary learning helps in this by using concept vectors from a learned dictionary. Although a recent approach called sparse autoencoders (SAEs) has gained popularity for this task, the authors argue that traditional methods, like KSVD, can be just as effective when modified appropriately.

The authors introduce a faster version of KSVD, called double-batch KSVD (DB-KSVD), which can process data much quicker—reducing the time from over 30 days to just 8 minutes. They demonstrate that DB-KSVD performs competitively with SAEs across various benchmarks, suggesting that both methods are nearing their theoretical limits of performance.

The article emphasizes that while most current research focuses on language models, dictionary learning has potential applications in areas like robotics and vision. The success of this method depends on having large datasets and high-dimensional embeddings, paving the way for future advancements in understanding how models interpret and represent information.

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A user shared their thoughts on LLVM's performance, noting that a 10% improvement is not significant enough to consider LLVM "fast again"; a 10x improvement is needed. They introduced a new open-source project called TPDE and its LLVM back-end, TPDE-LLVM, which is 10-20 times faster than LLVM's default -O0 back-end while maintaining similar runtime performance but producing slightly larger code.

The TPDE-LLVM currently targets only x86-64 and AArch64 architectures and supports a subset of LLVM-IR. The user provided benchmarks showing significant speedups in compilation times compared to LLVM 19, with an average speedup of 13.34 times for compile-time.

The workings of TPDE-LLVM involve three main processes: preparing the intermediate representation (IR), analyzing it, and generating machine code. Future plans include adding support for more IR features, improving register allocation, and potentially supporting more platforms and code models.

The user also addressed questions about using TPDE-LLVM, its performance improvements over LLVM, and suggested changes to LLVM-IR for better compilation speed. They highlighted some technical challenges and quirks in the current implementation, including inefficiencies in handling certain types of data and operations.

Summary:

During an internship at TikTok, a critical payment service written in Go began to struggle with high CPU usage as user traffic increased, leading to stability and cost issues. To address this, the team decided to rewrite the most CPU-intensive parts of the service in Rust, known for its high performance.

Key Points:

• Problem: The payment service was becoming CPU-bound, risking stability and increasing costs.
• Solution: The team selectively rewrote the most demanding API endpoints in Rust while keeping the rest of the service in Go.
• Results: The Rust implementation achieved double the performance, handling over 150,000 requests per second compared to 85,000 for Go, resulting in a projected annual savings of $300,000 in cloud costs.

Process Steps:

1. Rewrite in Rust: Focused on specific bottlenecks rather than a complete overhaul.
2. Testing for Correctness: Validated the new Rust service against the original Go service to ensure data accuracy.
3. Stress Testing: Compared performance under load, confirming significant improvements in CPU usage, memory usage, and latency.

Takeaway: The project illustrated the importance of using the right tools for specific challenges. While Go remains the primary language for most services due to its productivity, Rust proved effective for optimizing performance in critical areas. The overall success stemmed from strategic, targeted changes rather than a complete rewrite.

Summary of "Hobbyist Maintainers with Thomas DePierre"

In a recent discussion, Thomas DePierre from Open Source Security highlighted the divide between the corporate world that relies on open source software and the hobbyist maintainers who create it. He emphasized that this disconnect is a long-standing issue affecting the security and stability of software.

Key points from the conversation include:

1. Open Source Ubiquity: Most proprietary software now uses open source components, with estimates suggesting that 90-99% of codebases incorporate open source at some level.

2. Maintainer Statistics: A significant portion of open source maintainers are unpaid or only partially compensated. Reports indicate that 60% of maintainers consider themselves unpaid hobbyists, while only 30% are fully paid to work on open source projects.

3. Impact of Hobbyist Maintainers: DePierre estimates that between 40% to 50% of code in active use is maintained by hobbyists. This highlights the importance of understanding their needs and challenges in order to effectively support and improve open source projects.

4. Lack of Representation: Many initiatives aimed at improving open source often overlook the realities faced by hobbyist maintainers. Policymakers and organizations must engage with this demographic to create effective solutions.

5. Need for Stability and Support: For hobbyist maintainers to thrive, there needs to be a focus on providing stable funding and support that aligns with their constraints, rather than just offering one-time grants.

6. Cultural Shift in Open Source: The conversation points out that those involved in open source today often have different experiences and perspectives than those from the early days, which can lead to misunderstandings about current needs.

Overall, DePierre believes that to enhance the open source ecosystem, stakeholders should better understand and address the challenges faced by hobbyist maintainers, recognizing their essential role in keeping software running.

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No summary available.

Intel has filed a patent for a technology called Software Defined Super Cores (SDC). This concept allows multiple CPU cores to work together as if they were one larger core. Instead of creating large, power-hungry cores, Intel plans to divide programs into smaller parts that can run simultaneously on different cores. This approach aims to improve efficiency and performance without increasing power consumption.

The SDC system uses special instructions and shared memory to enable fast data exchange between cores, allowing the CPU to adjust its operation based on workload demands. Users on Reddit compared SDC to older designs, noting that it combines full cores rather than splitting them, which is different from AMD's previous approach.

There is speculation that this technology may relate to Intel's earlier Royal Core project, which aimed for significant performance improvements but was ultimately canceled. The success of SDC will depend on how well software and operating systems can manage tasks across these combined cores. Overall, this patent indicates Intel's efforts to enhance single-thread performance in future CPU designs.

Summary: Building a Legal LTE Network at Home for $100

You can create a legal LTE network at home in the US for about $100. This network operates using the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band, which allows unlicensed LTE and 5G transmissions without needing expensive spectrum licenses. Here’s a simplified guide on how to build your own network:

1. Understand CBRS: The CBRS band (3550-3700 MHz) allows users to transmit LTE/5G signals legally, provided they follow regulations and obtain authorization from the Spectrum Access System (SAS). This system manages frequency allocations to prevent interference.

2. Acquire Equipment: Purchase a used CBRS base station from eBay, specifically an indoor model like the FreedomFi/Sercomm SCE4255W. These are often available for around $60.

3. Unlock Base Station Management: After acquiring the base station, you may need to unlock its management interface to configure it. This can be done by redirecting its control server requests to your own server.

4. Get Programmable SIM Cards: Use programmable SIM cards to allow your devices to connect to your network. These can be found for about $39 and come with the necessary programming tools.

5. Set Up Core Network: Use software like Magma to build your LTE core network. This includes installing components that manage user authentication and data traffic.

6. Connect Base Station to Core Network: The base station must connect to the Magma Access Gateway, which manages its connection to the internet.

7. Register with SAS: Register your base station with a SAS system (like Google SAS) to obtain frequency authorization and allow it to transmit LTE signals.

8. Program SIM Cards: Use the provided software to program the SIM cards with your network's configuration so that devices can connect.

9. Create Data Plans: Set up data plans and access points in the core network management interface to enable internet access for connected devices.

10. Connect Devices: Finally, insert the programmed SIM cards into your devices, which should be able to connect to your newly established LTE network.

The total cost of setting up this network is approximately $103, making it accessible for enthusiasts and hobbyists interested in networking.

Summary: Cline + LM Studio with Qwen3 Coder 30B

You can now run Cline, an AI coding assistant, entirely offline on your laptop, thanks to local models like Qwen3 Coder 30B. This setup allows you to code without internet access, ensuring your data remains private and eliminating API costs.

Key Points:

• Local Setup: You need LM Studio for running the model, Cline for coding, and Qwen3 Coder 30B as the AI model.
• Performance: The Qwen3 Coder 30B model is optimized for Apple Silicon and provides strong coding capabilities, such as analyzing code and executing commands.
• Configuration: Download the model through LM Studio, choose the right format depending on your hardware (MLX for Mac, GGUF for Windows), and adjust settings in both LM Studio and Cline for optimal performance.
• Advantages of Offline Coding:
  • Your coding environment remains private, as no data leaves your machine.
  • There are no additional costs after the initial download, making it cost-effective for development.
• Best Use Cases: This setup is ideal for offline coding, privacy-sensitive projects, and budget-conscious developers. However, cloud models might still be better for very large projects or team collaborations.

To get started, download LM Studio and Cline, set up the Qwen3 Coder 30B model, and enjoy a powerful, local coding experience.

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Summary: How to Run Vegas Pro 22 on Windows 7

This guide explains how to run Vegas Pro 22 on Windows 7, despite compatibility challenges. Here are the key steps:

1. Update Windows 7: Use the Simplix patcher and reboot your computer.

2. Install Required Software:

   • Install .NET Framework 4.8.0 (not 4.8.1) and reboot.
   • Update DirectX9.
   • Install Visual C++ 2005-2022 and reboot.

3. Add DirectX12 Compatibility:

   • Download and extract necessary DirectX12 files (like dxgi.dll) into C:\Windows\System32.
   • Reboot and run the Simplix patcher again for updates.

4. Fix DXGI.DLL Issues:

   • Replace the existing DXGI.DLL with a compatible version. Use Reshade to get an updated version that works with Windows 7.
   • Rename the file to DXGI.DLL and place it in the folder with the Vegas 22 executable.

5. Manage Memory Issues:

   • Use a script to terminate lingering processes related to Vegas Pro after closing the application.

Following these steps should allow you to run Vegas Pro 22 on Windows 7 successfully.

No summary available.

The text discusses the recent changes to Android's app installation policy, which will limit users to only installing apps signed by verified developers. This move aims to enhance user safety by reducing the risk of malware, especially from sideloaded apps, which are often associated with scams.

The author highlights the tension between the freedom to run any software on personal devices and the need for security. While some argue that software developers should have the right to restrict their apps from running on untrusted devices (like rooted phones), the author believes this could limit users' freedoms.

Google's decision is influenced by the significant increase in malware from sideloaded apps, with a noted 50 times more threats compared to apps from the Google Play Store. Countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand, which face high rates of app-related scams, will see these new rules implemented by September 2026.

The author expresses skepticism about Google's motives, suggesting that this could be a power grab that restricts the open nature of Android. They argue that while protecting users from scams is important, it shouldn't come at the cost of limiting developers and users who want to run their own code.

In summary, the author questions how to balance user freedom with the need for security and wonders if a solution can be found that protects vulnerable users without restricting developers.

No summary available.

Summary: How to Install NetSurf on reMarkable 2

This guide explains how to set up the NetSurf web browser on a reMarkable 2 tablet. The steps include:

1. SSH Connection:

   • Enable SSH on your device and disable the passcode for easier access.
   • Find your device's SSH address in Settings under Help.

2. Install XOVI and Extensions:

   • Download and install XOVI (for devices with version 3.20 or higher), which allows running apps on reMarkable.
   • Follow the installation instructions closely from the provided GitHub link.
   • Install the qt-resource-rebuilder extension and the appload tool.

3. Install NetSurf:

   • Download the NetSurf package and extract the necessary files.
   • Create a folder for NetSurf in the app directory and save a specific JSON configuration and an icon for the app there.
   • Obtain the libevdev.so.2 file which is required for NetSurf to run.

4. Add Resources and Fonts:

   • Place resource files and DejaVu font files in the specified directories on your device.

5. Running NetSurf:

   • Refresh the app menu, and you should see NetSurf available to launch.
   • Use simple gestures to navigate and manage bookmarks by editing HTML files.

Usage Tips:

• The browser has limited functionality, including no cookie saving after reboot.
• You can choose to have XOVI start automatically on boot, though manual startup is recommended for stability.

The author thanks the reMarkable Discord community for assistance and hopes others find this guide helpful.

The author is exploring whether databases could eventually replace cache services. Currently, caches are used alongside databases because they provide quick access to pre-computed data. This setup often involves an application interacting with both a cache and a database, which helps keep the cache updated.

The author prefers simpler systems with fewer dependencies and wonders if databases could match the benefits of caches. One idea is to use read replicas as a substitute for caches, but there are limitations. Caches are cheaper and easier to set up, allow for selective data caching, and have features like eviction policies that databases do not offer.

The author notes that caches can manage many connections, while databases struggle with scalability. To bridge the gap between caches and databases, advancements like Incremental View Maintenance (IVM) could help, but the technology is not yet fully developed.

In summary, while the potential exists for databases to take over some caching functions, significant improvements are needed before that can happen.

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The author expresses frustration with Google Search, feeling it has declined in quality due to ads and AI content. They discovered that adding an expletive (like "-f*k") to a search term can help avoid ads and AI summaries in the search results. They suggest trying this method to improve search experiences, noting that the results seem better organized.

Summary of Red Programming Language

Red is a programming language that draws inspiration from Rebol and is designed for a wide range of uses, from system programming to high-level scripting. It includes modern features for handling concurrency and works well with multi-core CPUs.

Key aspects of Red:

• Built-in Dialects:

  • Red/System: For low-level system programming.
  • Parse: A powerful parser.
  • VID: For creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
  • Draw: For 2D vector graphics.
  • Rich-text: For rich text descriptions.

• Toolchain: Red provides a complete, cross-platform toolchain that includes a compiler, interpreter, and linker, functioning independently of third-party libraries. It is currently in the alpha stage and only supports 32-bit systems.

• Main Features:

  • Easy-to-read syntax.
  • Supports multiple programming styles (functional, imperative, etc.).
  • Powerful pattern matching and macro capabilities.
  • Cross-compiles to native code, producing small executables.
  • Strong support for concurrency and parallelism.
  • Built-in GUI system and drawing capabilities.
  • Includes a Visual Studio Code plugin.

• Running Red: You can run Red in a console or GUI environment. A simple "Hello World" program can be executed easily.

• Creating Executables: You can generate standalone executables from your Red scripts using the toolchain, and even cross-compile for different platforms.

• Contribution: The project welcomes contributions, and guidelines are provided for those interested in helping out.

• Licensing: Red and its components are published under the BSD license, with some runtime components under a more permissive BSL license.

For more information, you can visit red-lang.org.

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The speaker finds something interesting or appealing.

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The text outlines a proposed method for cost-effective and anonymous age verification for age-restricted websites in the U.S. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. Idea: Use your bank, which already knows your identity, to verify your age without sharing extra information.

2. Process:

   • You visit a site like gambling.com and choose to verify your age.
   • You start a secure verification process and receive a code from the site.
   • You log into your bank and go to a specific age verification page.
   • You paste the code from gambling.com into your bank's site.
   • The bank confirms your age and sends back a signed verification (e.g., over 18: true).
   • You return to gambling.com and paste the verification code.
   • The site checks everything and allows you to create a session, encouraging you to make an account for easier future access.

3. Benefits: This method is nearly free, requires minimal infrastructure, and banks might participate to stay competitive. It aims to provide anonymous age verification effectively.

Summary of the Text

Overview of Go and Vlang:

• The author appreciates Go for its simplicity and efficiency but feels it lacks excitement.
• Vlang is introduced as a more feature-rich alternative to Go, maintaining a similar syntax while adding extra capabilities.

Key Features of Vlang:

1. Maps: Simple and type-fixed, similar to Go, with robust error handling.
2. Structs: Supports methods and required fields, allowing for more explicit and flexible data definitions.
3. WithOption Pattern: Enables optional parameters in function calls, simplifying error handling compared to Go.
4. Enums: Provides a way to define enumerations, enhancing type safety.
5. Lambdas: Supports functional programming features like filter and map, enhancing array manipulation.

Challenges with Vlang:

• Users may face issues with HTTP requests and server configurations.
• The build system is more complex compared to Go, requiring careful management of compiler flags.
• Concurrency is present but not as mature or optimized as in Go, leading to performance issues in benchmarks.

Conclusion:

• The author enjoys using Vlang for its syntax and features, despite its current immaturity and challenges.
• They believe Vlang has the potential to grow and improve over time, making it worthwhile for Go users to explore.

Summary of "SMAGIN"

The text discusses the overuse of cards in design, arguing that they often aren't necessary and can lead to inefficiencies.

Key Points:

1. Criticism of Cards: Cards take up unnecessary space and can make designs lazy. They allow designers to skip important visual principles, such as Gestalt principles, which help in organizing information effectively.

2. Gestalt Principles: Specifically, the proximity principle suggests that elements close to each other are perceived as a group. The text recommends using this principle instead of relying on cards for organization.

3. Spacing: Internal spacing within elements (like cards) should not be larger than external spacing. This creates a clearer visual hierarchy.

4. Cognitive Burden: Cards can complicate the user's experience, requiring them to "dive in" to see information rather than skimming it easily.

5. When to Use Cards: While cards can be useful for certain complex layouts or calls to action (CTAs), they are often overused in situations where simpler spacing could suffice.

6. Conclusion: By applying proper spacing based on the proximity principle, designs can become more effective and user-friendly without the clutter of excessive cards.

In essence, the article advocates for thoughtful design that prioritizes spacing and organization over the convenient but often excessive use of cards.

A pilot program on Mount Elbert in Colorado has successfully reduced human waste by providing hikers with waste bags. Human feces can contaminate natural areas and cause health issues, making proper disposal essential. Many hikers are unaware of the best practices for waste disposal, leading to contamination problems in parks and protected areas.

To address this, it is recommended that hikers use toilets at trailheads when available. However, in remote areas where toilets are lacking, hikers should dig a "cat hole" to bury their waste at least 70 steps away from water sources, trails, and campsites. In places where digging is not possible, hikers should use waste bags, known as "wag bags," to pack out their waste. Research shows that many hikers are willing to use these bags when provided with the necessary tools and information.

Overall, educating hikers on proper waste disposal methods can help protect the environment and enhance the outdoor experience for everyone.

Summary:

When designing software systems, focus on doing the simplest thing that could possibly work. Many engineers aim for an "ideal" system, but it's often more effective to deeply understand the current system and implement straightforward solutions.

1. Simplicity in Design: Great software design may seem underwhelming. It often leads to realizations that problems can be easier than expected. Examples like Unicorn and Rails show that effective design uses minimal complexity to achieve essential functionality.

2. Approaching Problems: When faced with a new feature, consider the easiest solution first before adding complexity. For instance, if you need rate limiting, start with an in-memory solution instead of a more complex system like Redis, unless absolutely necessary.

3. Challenges of Simplicity: There are three main objections to always choosing simplicity:

   • It can lead to inflexible systems if future requirements aren't anticipated.
   • The term "simplest" can be subjective, making it hard to define good design.
   • It may not ensure scalability for future demands.

4. True Simplicity: Simple systems have fewer components and clearer interfaces. Achieving simplicity often requires deep understanding and thoughtful engineering rather than jumping to quick, complex solutions.

5. Scalability Concerns: While scalability is important, over-engineering for future growth can lead to unnecessary complexity. It's often more effective to build systems that work well for current needs and adapt as traffic increases.

6. Conclusion: Predicting future requirements can be challenging. It's generally better to create a system that meets current needs with the simplest design possible. Embracing simplicity can lead to more manageable and efficient software development.

The article discusses the challenges and perceptions surrounding decentralized social media platforms like Mastodon and Bluesky. Many users are primarily concerned with having a safe and enjoyable social media experience, often overlooking the technical aspects of decentralization.

The author highlights a scenario where users might lose access to their favorite social media server, which raises concerns about data loss and accessibility. Mastodon has faced issues with server shutdowns, making users hesitant to switch platforms. In contrast, Bluesky offers a more robust recovery option that allows users to retain their data even if a server goes down.

Bluesky operates on a system where user data is stored safely, which makes it easier for users to transition between servers without losing their information. This is a significant advantage over Mastodon, where the technical demands can overwhelm smaller servers.

While many users currently don’t prioritize decentralization, the author believes that as awareness grows, more users will appreciate platforms like Bluesky that offer better recovery paths for their data. Although no system is perfect, Bluesky's approach may provide users with more security and flexibility compared to traditional platforms.