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The text emphasizes that Claude Code has not said anything today, despite the repeated affirmation of being "absolutely right."

The author strongly criticizes Protocol Buffers (protobuffers), arguing that they are poorly designed and lead to complications in programming. Here are the key points:

1. Poor Design: Protobuffers are described as amateurish and ad-hoc, with a flawed type system that complicates rather than simplifies coding.

2. Type System Issues: The type system is criticized for being restrictive and inconsistent, with features that don't work well together, which adds confusion and limits functionality.

3. Lack of Compositionality: Many features are not compatible with each other, making it hard to create complex data structures without unnecessary workarounds.

4. Questionable Behavior: The handling of scalar and message types is described as problematic, particularly in how they initialize and manage default values, leading to potential bugs.

5. Misleading Compatibility Claims: While protobuffers are said to support backwards and forwards compatibility, the author argues that this is achieved at the cost of data integrity, making it easier to mishandle data.

6. Contamination of Codebases: Integrating protobuffers into code leads to poor programming practices and hinders the use of better design principles, as the limitations of protobuffers force developers to adapt to their flaws.

7. Recommendation Against Use: The author concludes that protobuffers should be avoided, especially for those not operating at the scale of Google, as they complicate development and lead to inefficient coding practices.

In summary, the text makes a strong case against using protobuffers due to their design flaws and negative impact on software development.

No summary available.

The article discusses the concept of "vibe coding," which refers to building products quickly using tools that require little technical expertise. The author argues that the speed of development is often mistakenly seen as the main barrier to product success. Instead, the key challenges lie in validating ideas and ensuring quality over time.

Key points include:

1. Prototyping vs. Building: Prototypes are quick, disposable models used to test ideas, while actual products must consistently deliver value and quality to retain customers.

2. Product Development Process: Successful products often evolve through experimentation and learning from failures, as seen in examples like Amazon and Gmail.

3. Bottlenecks in Validation: The real bottleneck in product development is validating ideas and changes, which takes time and often delays learning about what works.

4. Communication Issues: Poor communication can significantly increase development efforts and costs, complicating the process further.

5. Misconception of Coding Pace: The focus on speeding up coding overlooks the fact that coding speed is rarely the actual bottleneck in product development. Instead, understanding the product's needs and effective collaboration are more critical.

The article concludes that relying solely on vibe coding to build products may lead to more problems, as it neglects essential aspects of product development.

In an interview with Japanese demoscener 0b5vr, he discusses his work in creating 64K and 4K intros, particularly highlighting his impactful 64K demo titled "0b5vr GLSL Techno Live Set," released at Revision 2023. He explains that this piece combines elements of techno demos, live coding, and 64K intros, showcasing audiovisual art generated from a 64KB HTML file.

0b5vr emphasizes the challenges of creating a 64K demo alone and advises collaboration for better results. He mentions that "0mix" was ultimately entered in the PC Demo compo instead of the 64K category due to low entries, but he was pleased with the recognition it received, including winning the "Crowd Favorite" award at Revision.

He also shares insights on his recent live coding performance, where he used his custom coding environment, Wavenerd, and collaborated with VJs for visuals. He expresses a desire to perform more live music and to continue creating 64K intros, which he considers his core passion despite the greater difficulty compared to 4K intros.

0b5vr notes the growing interest in live coding and generative visuals within the Japanese demoscene, particularly influenced by events like draw();. He encourages newcomers to the demoscene, reassuring them that anyone interested in creating with computers is welcome, and advocates for more engagement in the community.

Overall, he sees the demoscene as a unique creative space focused on technical curiosity and artistic expression, devoid of commercial pressures.

No summary available.

The South Korean government has expressed concern to the U.S. Embassy regarding an immigration raid at a Hyundai facility in Georgia, where "many" South Korean nationals were detained. The raid involved agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and was part of an investigation into illegal employment practices. The facility in Ellabell, Georgia, is a significant construction site for a joint battery plant by Hyundai and LG Energy Solution.

During the raid, law enforcement asked workers about their citizenship and temporarily halted construction. Hyundai confirmed their cooperation with authorities and emphasized their commitment to following labor and immigration laws. The exact number of detained individuals is unclear, but many arrests of undocumented workers were reported. The investigation is ongoing, and South Korea's economic relationship with the U.S. is highlighted, as the country is a major investor and manufacturer in the U.S.

This article provides a comprehensive guide for data engineers and practitioners on using ClickHouse for real-time analytics. It covers the following key points:

1. Introduction to ClickHouse: ClickHouse is a fast, column-oriented database ideal for real-time analytics. It outperforms traditional data warehouses by delivering sub-second query responses on large datasets due to its efficient storage and processing techniques.

2. Data Flow in Real-Time Analytics: The data flow in analytics involves sourcing data, transforming and aggregating it, and visualizing results. Understanding this flow is crucial for building efficient analytics applications.

3. Modeling Strategies: The article outlines several strategies for optimizing data ingestion and querying in ClickHouse:

   • Denormalization: Combining related tables into one to reduce query complexity.
   • Incremental Materialized Views: Pre-computing aggregates during data insertion for real-time analytics.
   • Dictionaries: Using in-memory structures for quick lookups.

4. Real-Time Processing: Emphasizes the importance of balancing data freshness and accuracy. It explains how to structure data early in the pipeline to ensure efficient analytics.

5. Practical Example: The article includes a practical example that demonstrates how to ingest and transform NOAA weather data using ClickHouse, visualizing it with a tool called Rill. This example showcases ClickHouse's capabilities in handling data transformation and aggregation without requiring traditional ETL processes.

6. Optimization Techniques: It discusses various optimization techniques, including:

   • Partitioning: Organizing data to improve query performance.
   • Deduplication Strategies: Ensuring data accuracy by removing duplicates during data ingestion.
   • Sampling: Reducing data volume while maintaining analytical insights.

7. Considerations and Limitations: While ClickHouse offers significant advantages, it also has limitations, such as challenges with updates, joins, and lack of full ACID compliance.

8. Final Thoughts: The choice of modeling approach depends on specific use cases, data volume, and team capabilities. ClickHouse's native capabilities often eliminate the need for complex ETL pipelines, making it suitable for real-time analytics.

Overall, the article serves as a practical guide for leveraging ClickHouse for efficient real-time data analytics, providing strategies, examples, and insights for effective data modeling.

Fil's Unbelievable Garbage Collector (FUGC) Overview:

FUGC is a sophisticated garbage collector used in Fil-C that operates in parallel and concurrently, meaning it can process many tasks at once and does not require the program to pause while it works. Here are the main features:

1. Parallel and Concurrent: It uses multiple threads to mark and sweep memory simultaneously, allowing it to complete faster with more CPU cores. It does not block the program's threads during garbage collection.

2. On-the-fly Operation: There’s no complete stop for garbage collection; instead, it uses gentle prompts (soft handshakes) to ask threads to assist without forcing them to halt.

3. Grey-stack Approach: The garbage collector rescans thread stacks to ensure all objects are properly marked. This method allows for quick convergence during collection and reduces the need for complex barriers.

4. Dijkstra Barrier: It marks newly referenced objects during the marking phase without needing a load barrier, simplifying memory management.

5. Accurate and Non-moving: FUGC precisely identifies all pointers to objects without relocating them, which simplifies concurrent operations and reduces synchronization issues.

6. Safepointing: FUGC uses safepoints to manage threads safely during garbage collection, allowing for efficient pointer handling and avoiding race conditions.

Garbage Collection Process: The FUGC process involves several steps from initiating the garbage collection to marking and sweeping memory, ensuring that new objects are marked correctly and that memory is efficiently reclaimed.

Bonus Features:

• Freeing Objects: Objects marked as free trap any access attempts, preventing memory leaks.
• Finalizers: Support for custom finalizer queues allows for cleanup actions before an object is reclaimed.
• Weak References and Maps: It supports weak references and weak maps, similar to those in Java, enhancing memory management flexibility.

Conclusion: FUGC provides strong guarantees against misuse of freed memory, ensuring safe memory management and reducing the risk of leaks or crashes.

A 1TB SSD for Raspberry Pi is now available for $70. This SSD can store a lot of data, such as 250,000 photos, 200,000 songs, 250 HD movies, or 20-30 AAA games. It offers fast performance for Raspberry Pi 5 and other devices, especially during startup. To use it, you'll need a compatible M.2 adapter.

Additionally, there are other Raspberry Pi accessories available, including:

• Raspberry Pi Bumper: A $3 silicone cover that protects the Raspberry Pi while allowing easy access.
• Raspberry Pi SD Cards: Offered in various sizes (32GB to 256GB) and can come pre-loaded with Raspberry Pi OS for better performance.
• Raspberry Pi Active Cooler: A clip-on cooling solution that keeps the Raspberry Pi 5 cool during heavy use.

The post encourages readers to share their favorite lesser-known Raspberry Pi products in the comments.

The Fourier Transform is a mathematical technique developed by Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier in the early 1800s. It breaks down complex functions into simpler wave components or frequencies, which can be combined to reconstruct the original function. This method is essential in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and computer science.

Fourier's work began while studying heat conduction during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. He proposed that heat distribution could be expressed as a sum of simple waves, a radical idea at the time. Despite initial skepticism from other mathematicians, his theory was proven correct, leading to the development of harmonic analysis, a field focused on studying functions and their components.

The Fourier Transform is widely used today for tasks such as signal processing, image compression (like JPEGs), and even in quantum mechanics, where it helps describe the relationship between a particle's position and momentum. It has become a fundamental tool in both pure and applied mathematics, influencing many areas of science and technology.

OpenAI is addressing job concerns due to AI disruptions by launching a certification program and a job board. The initiative, led by Fidji Simo, aims to help workers gain new skills and connect them with companies looking for talent. While Simo acknowledges that AI will change the job landscape, she believes OpenAI can help people adapt by offering tech literacy courses through its OpenAI Academy.

Walmart is one of the first companies to join this effort, emphasizing that the future of retail will depend on workers' ability to use technology effectively. However, there are questions about the effectiveness of the skills being taught and how this new jobs platform will compete with established sites like LinkedIn, especially since Microsoft, a major backer of OpenAI, owns LinkedIn.

Overall, OpenAI's move could create new job opportunities but may also lead to competition with existing employment platforms.

We are a fast-growing technical team working on code generation models. We need people who are eager to build and contribute, especially in technical and go-to-market/developer relations roles. If you have a degree in Physics, Math, or Computer Science, and you're interested in training code generation models, please email me at [email protected].

Summary of SYSTEM•ILLUMINATION: Debugging Rustler on OmniOS

This text introduces SYSTEM•ILLUMINATION, a documentation effort by a beginner exploring the illumos operating system. The author shares their journey of debugging a project called Katarineko, built with Elixir and relying on Rust for NIFs (Native Implemented Functions).

Key points include:

1. Transition to Illumos: The author chose illumos over Linux for their personal project, Katarineko, to gain experience in this less common system.

2. Using DTrace: The author aims to learn DTrace, a powerful tool for dynamic tracing in Solaris-based systems, to diagnose issues with NIF loading.

3. NIFs and Rustler: The NIFs failed to load, leading to troubleshooting with DTrace to understand how the NIFs are supposed to be loaded as shared libraries.

4. Debugging Process: The author used DTrace scripts to track system calls and found that the NIF shared library was recognized but returned zero functions due to issues in Rustler's setup.

5. Investigation of Rustler Internals: The author explored Rustler's codebase and discovered problems in how NIFs were registered, particularly related to the Inventory crate used for dynamic registration.

6. ELF and Linking Issues: The author identified that the illumos linker was not correctly handling multiple .init_array sections, which led to NIF loading failures.

7. Solution Found: By modifying the dynamic table entries in the ELF file, the author successfully resolved the issue, enabling proper NIF loading.

8. Future Steps: The author plans to contribute changes to Rustler and the Inventory crate to improve compatibility with illumos and document their findings for others.

Overall, the text serves as a guide and reflection on the challenges of working with illumos and Rustler, highlighting the importance of thorough debugging and community contribution.

Tempo is a new blockchain specifically designed for payments, developed by Stripe and Paradigm with input from various major companies. It supports all major stablecoins and aims to enable fast, low-cost global transactions for businesses.

Key Features:

1. Purpose-Built: Tempo focuses on real-world payment needs rather than general blockchain functions.
2. High Performance: It can process over 100,000 transactions per second, allowing for real-time payments.
3. Low Fees: Transaction costs are very low and predictable, payable in any stablecoin.
4. Privacy: Tempo includes features to keep transaction details private while ensuring compliance.

Use Cases:

• Remittances: Send money across borders quickly and cheaply.
• Global Payouts: Pay anyone, anywhere, without banking delays.
• Embedded Finance: Integrate programmable payments into products.
• Microtransactions: Facilitate very small payments for digital services.
• Tokenized Deposits: Manage customer funds on-chain for instant settlements.

Developer Access:

Tempo is open to developers and currently testing various use cases like cross-border payments and e-commerce. Interested parties can request access to their private testnet.

Overall, Tempo aims to transform how money moves in the digital space by providing a specialized blockchain for payment solutions.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Lava RGB Installation

In 2025, the author shares their experience installing the Lava RGB mod on a Nintendo NES front loader, a new alternative to the well-known NESRGB mod. They purchased the Lava RGB 2.0 from AliExpress, which features improved color output, integrated palettes, and firmware upgrade capability, but lacks audio processing, requiring audio to be tapped from the main circuit.

Installation Process:

1. Preparation:

   • Removed the NES's PPU and old power module.
   • Flattened the main board's capacitors for space.

2. Soldering:

   • Connected various wires to the new power module and mod board.
   • Added a SNES multiout port instead of using the standard connector.

3. Testing:

   • Initially tested with composite video; it worked perfectly.
   • After completing the multiout installation, tested RGB output, which looked great.

4. Final Touches:

   • Installed expansion audio using a resistor, and confirmed it functioned properly.
   • Closed up the NES and tested the completed mod.

Conclusion: The Lava RGB 2.0 mod works well and is a cost-effective option compared to NESRGB, despite not processing audio. The author appreciates the support from the ConsoleMods community during the installation process.

Summary of "Memory is Slow, Disk is Fast - Part 2"

Key Points:

1. Main Assertion: Accessing data directly from disk can be faster than using cached data in memory, contradicting traditional beliefs that memory is always faster.

2. Background: Recent advancements have improved disk bandwidth significantly, while memory access latency has remained stagnant. This shift necessitates new approaches to data handling.

3. Experimental Setup:

   • A benchmark called "counting 10s" was created to measure performance by checking how many times the integer 10 appears in a dataset.
   • Testing was conducted on a server equipped with an AMD EPYC processor and SSDs.

4. Findings:

   • Initial tests showed that reading from disk was slower than memory, as expected.
   • However, subsequent tests revealed that using advanced techniques, such as unrolling loops and utilizing io_uring for efficient I/O handling, allowed the disk to outperform memory.
   • The use of mmap() for memory access was found to introduce significant overhead due to page faults, making it slower compared to direct disk access.

5. Conclusions:

   • As systems scale, relying on traditional memory access methods can lead to performance bottlenecks.
   • Clever I/O management can enable disk access to exceed memory speeds, particularly in high-performance computing scenarios.
   • The author suggests that future optimizations may include leveraging CPU cache for I/O operations, potentially surpassing current memory bandwidth limits.

6. Final Thoughts: While the findings highlight a significant shift in data handling strategies, implementing these techniques requires additional coding efforts. The author emphasizes the importance of adapting to new technologies to maximize performance.

In essence, the text critiques conventional wisdom about memory speed and advocates for innovative approaches to data access that can leverage modern hardware capabilities.

A new study has found that using smartphones while sitting on the toilet can lead to hemorrhoids. The research showed that spending too much time on the toilet, often due to scrolling on phones, puts pressure on the pelvic area, causing swollen veins. The study involved 125 adults, and those who used phones in the bathroom were 46% more likely to have hemorrhoids.

Experts suggest that the bathroom should be a quick visit, ideally no longer than five minutes. Over a third of smartphone users in the study stayed longer than this, compared to just 7% of those who left their phones out. Doctors recommend not taking phones into the bathroom to avoid health issues and the potential for germs. If you must bring your phone, set a timer to limit your time.

Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia, is facing challenges and criticism as it serves as a key source of information in an increasingly chaotic digital landscape. While it has built a reputation for reliability, it is now under scrutiny from various political groups, including claims of bias from both left and right-leaning factions.

Key events include a controversy involving Elon Musk, who was accused of making a Nazi salute at a rally, which sparked a heated debate among Wikipedia editors about how to document the incident. This situation highlighted Wikipedia’s unique process where anonymous editors discuss and reach consensus on complex issues, often navigating intense disagreements to produce a neutral account of events.

Wikipedia has grown to host over 7 million articles, largely thanks to its model of collaborative editing by volunteers. However, this model makes it vulnerable to attacks from those seeking to manipulate its content for ideological purposes. Governments and influential figures, including Musk, have criticized Wikipedia, accusing it of promoting a liberal bias. This pressure has led to discussions about the site's neutrality and its editorial processes.

The encyclopedia's reliance on credible sources and a commitment to neutrality often puts it at odds with political narratives. Wikipedia's policies require that all claims be verifiable and backed by reliable sources, which can limit coverage on emerging topics or controversial issues. Despite its challenges, Wikipedia remains a critical resource for many seeking factual information in a time when misinformation is rampant.

As attacks on the platform increase, Wikipedia's community of editors is working to defend its integrity without compromising its foundational principles of neutrality and verifiability. The ongoing discourse about its biases is prompting reflections on how to improve its editorial processes to ensure that it continues to serve as a trustworthy information source.

No summary available.

Summary of Rasterizer

Rasterizer is a GPU-accelerated 2D vector graphics engine developed by an enthusiast of Adobe Flash. After many years of work and several revisions, it is now available and can run up to 60 times faster than traditional CPU methods, making it great for animated user interfaces.

The software was created for macOS using C++ 11 and Metal, and an iOS version is planned. It allows users to open SVG and PDF files in a demo app, where they can navigate pages and manipulate the canvas using keyboard and mouse controls.

The architecture is based on the Postscript model, supporting features like path stroking and fill rules. It efficiently rasterizes filled paths and strokes using advanced algorithms and takes advantage of GPU capabilities for better performance.

Rasterizer includes dependencies for easy setup in Xcode, and it follows a personal use zlib license. Thanks are given to various libraries that supported its development.

The New AnVIL Data Explorer is a tool that helps make important health research datasets easier to access. This will benefit researchers by providing them with valuable information for their studies. The announcement was made on August 29, 2025.

The article "The Diffusion Dilemma" by Philip Tomei explores the challenges of technological innovation and adoption in society, using the historical example of tractors in agriculture as a case study.

Key Points:

1. Diffusion Deficit: Innovations like tractors can take a long time to be widely adopted, even if they are beneficial. For example, only 4% of American farms had tractors by 1920, despite their potential to increase agricultural efficiency.

2. Adoption Patterns: Technologist Everett Rogers outlined a predictable pattern of technology adoption, which includes categories like innovators and early adopters. Key factors influencing adoption include perceived benefits, compatibility with existing practices, complexity, trialability, and visibility of positive outcomes.

3. General Purpose Technologies (GPTs): GPTs, such as electricity and information technology, require specialized skills and complementary innovations to be effectively utilized. Their benefits are often delayed as society learns how to implement them.

4. Implementation Challenges: Effective adoption often requires significant changes in existing processes and structures. For instance, electric motors did not improve productivity until factories redesigned their layouts to leverage the technology fully.

5. Current Technological Landscape: The focus on achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) may distract from developing practical applications of AI that meet real needs. The integration of AI into organizations will require changes in financial and legal frameworks to be successful.

Overall, the article emphasizes that understanding the process of diffusion and the need for complementary innovations is crucial for realizing the full potential of new technologies.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of KC Sivaramakrishnan's Talk on OCaml:

KC Sivaramakrishnan, a professor at IIT Madras and CTO of Tarides, focuses on the evolution of the OCaml programming language. He is a core maintainer of OCaml, which is known for its functional-first design while also supporting imperative and object-oriented programming.

Key Features of OCaml:

• Static Typing: Uses Hindley-Milner type inference.
• Advanced Features: Includes a powerful module system, polymorphic variants, and support for multicore programming and effect handlers.
• Ecosystem: Has a mature but small package ecosystem, with notable users like Jane Street, Meta, and Microsoft.
• Performance: Generates fast native code for various architectures and can compile to JavaScript and WebAssembly.

Applications of OCaml:

• Versatile Use: Suitable for scripts, scalable systems, and production infrastructure, including financial systems and compilers.
• Space and Hardware: Used in high-profile projects, including running Docker on non-Linux hosts and space applications.

History and Evolution: OCaml has been evolving for 29 years, with significant updates enhancing its features, such as the introduction of multicore support in 2022. It draws on decades of research in programming languages.

Secret to Success: OCaml's longevity and success stem from its simplicity and stability, allowing older code to run with newer compilers. The language's design promotes predictable performance and simplicity in use, making it appealing for industrial applications. In 2023, OCaml received the SIGPLAN award for its achievements in software development.

No summary available.

Summary: Classic 8×8-Pixel Black-and-White Mac Patterns

On September 3, 2025, I created a website showcasing the classic 8×8-pixel black-and-white patterns from the original Macintosh, which debuted in 1984. These patterns were part of the Control Panel for desktop backgrounds and in MacPaint.

While searching for high-quality images of these patterns, I decided to extract them directly from the original System 6 files. There are 38 patterns in total that remained unchanged throughout the Mac's history.

To extract the patterns, I used an emulator (Mini vMac) to access System 6, then utilized various tools to convert the patterns into a usable format. The patterns are stored as bitmap resources, which allow for quick rendering on the screen.

My goal was to preserve the original data and provide these nostalgic patterns in an archival format (.pbm), making it easy for others to access and use them. You can visit my website to download the patterns.

The text introduces a project called Carbonyl, which is a web browser that renders HTML into a terminal interface. Here are the key points:

1. Rendering in Terminal: Carbonyl can display graphics in a terminal by using monospace characters and escape sequences to control cursor movement, text color, and more.

2. Input Handling: It includes functions for mouse movements and clicks, allowing interaction similar to a graphical browser.

3. Performance Issues: The initial implementation faced high CPU usage and inefficiencies in rendering, prompting the need for optimizations.

4. Multi-Process Architecture: The project utilizes a multi-process design similar to modern browsers, separating tasks into browser, renderer, and GPU processes for better security and performance.

5. Shared Memory and IPC: To improve efficiency, Carbonyl incorporates shared memory for communication between processes and uses Mojo, a library for inter-process communication.

6. Text Rendering: The text rendering system was refined to ensure text appears correctly in the terminal, addressing occlusion issues where text could overlap.

7. Color Management: The project includes a method for converting RGB colors to terminal-compatible formats, optimizing color rendering for different terminal capabilities.

8. Final Touches: Carbonyl can also set the terminal window title based on the current web page title.

The author expresses enthusiasm for Rust as a programming language and hints at future topics to explore, including Fourier Analysis and a speculative JavaScript VM. The project can be found on GitHub for those interested.

The GERonTologic simulator, known as GERT, is an age simulation suit designed to help younger people understand the challenges faced by older individuals.

Key features of GERT include:

• Impairments that simulate aging, such as:
  • Cloudy vision
  • Reduced visual field
  • Hearing loss
  • Limited head movement
  • Joint stiffness
  • Decreased strength
  • Weaker grip
  • Poor coordination

The suit costs €1390 or £1250, plus shipping and VAT. It now comes with two pairs of glasses.

Due to increased processing demands, only orders of at least 300 euros or pounds will be accepted.

Customer reviews praise the suit for its quality and effectiveness in teaching about elderly behaviors.

The fiber_concurrency plugin allows a session connection to work smoothly across different fibers managed by a fiber scheduler, which is useful for long-lived connections. If you are using the persistent plugin, this fiber_concurrency plugin is automatically required.

To use it, you can set it up with HTTPX like this:

http = HTTPX.plugin(:fiber_concurrency)

Thread.start do
  # assuming fiber scheduler is set here
  10.times.each do
    Fiber.schedule do
      http.get("https://example.com")
    end
  end
end

This plugin is essential for programs that use a fiber scheduler, such as those built with the async gem.

This is the first half of my book, "Swimming in Tech Debt," which is currently on pre-launch sale for $0.99. I've been working on it since January 2024, and it builds on some of my blog posts with more detailed ideas. In September 2024, excerpts were featured in Gergely Orosz’s Pragmatic Engineer newsletter, which provided valuable feedback that helped expand my original concept. This first half covers my initial expectations, while the second half will focus on team and CTO practices.

On September 4, 2025, a vulnerability called CVE-2025-53149 was reported in the Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver (ksthunk.sys), which Microsoft fixed on August 12, 2025. This vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow that could potentially allow for exploitation, although it requires specific conditions to trigger.

Key Points:

• Kernel Streaming Technology: This is a core part of Windows that manages real-time multimedia data streams, helping applications handle audio and video efficiently.
• Vulnerability Details: The flaw exists in the CKSAutomationThunk::HandleArrayProperty() function within the ksthunk.sys driver. It improperly checks memory allocation, leading to the possibility of a buffer overflow.
• Triggering the Vulnerability: To exploit this flaw, a device must have specific properties set. The authors could not find such devices during testing but noted that the vulnerability exists if the conditions are met.
• Patch: Microsoft fixed the issue by adding a check to ensure there is enough space in the output buffer before proceeding with operations, preventing the overflow.

Timeline:

1. April 14, 2025 - Bug discovered.
2. April 18, 2025 - Bug reported.
3. May 20, 2025 - Bug confirmed.
4. June 4, 2025 - Bounty awarded.
5. August 5, 2025 - CVE assigned.
6. August 12, 2025 - Fix released.

Conclusion:

The report emphasizes the importance of responsibly disclosing vulnerabilities and suggests that reporting to third-party organizations might be more effective than directly to vendors.

Nepal's government plans to block major social media platforms like Facebook, X, and YouTube because they did not meet registration requirements. This decision aims to address issues like online hate and cybercrime. Authorities had set a deadline for these companies to register with local contacts and grievance handlers, but only a few, like TikTok and Viber, complied.

Digital rights advocates argue that this shutdown infringes on people's rights and that proper legal frameworks are needed for such regulations. In the past, Nepal has restricted access to other platforms as well, citing issues such as online fraud. Globally, many governments are increasing oversight of social media due to concerns about misinformation and privacy.

Summary of Mach-O Format and Code Signing

Mach-O Overview: Mach-O (Mach Object) is the binary format used by Apple for executables and libraries on their operating systems. It replaced the older a.out format and supports multiple architectures through universal binaries.

Structure of Mach-O:

1. Header: Identifies the file type and target architecture. It includes a magic number to indicate format, CPU type, and file type (e.g., executable, dynamic library).
2. Load Commands: An array that provides metadata about the binary, including memory segments and libraries needed for execution.
3. Segments and Sections: Organized content, with segments like __TEXT (code) and __DATA (data). Each segment can have multiple sections.

Code Signing:

• Mach-O files include a code signature to ensure their integrity and origin. On iOS, all executables must be signed. On macOS, downloaded apps are typically required to be signed and notarized.
• The code signature is embedded within the Mach-O and includes a load command (LC_CODE_SIGNATURE) that points to the signature data.
• The signature is validated by the OS before execution, ensuring the file hasn't been tampered with.

Pointer Authentication Codes (PAC):

• Introduced in ARM64e architecture, PAC adds a cryptographic signature to pointers to prevent attacks like buffer overflows.
• Mach-O files for ARM64e are marked with a specific CPU subtype, ensuring they can only run on compatible hardware.

Modification and Re-signing:

• Altering a signed Mach-O requires either removing the signature or re-signing it. The code signing process helps maintain a chain of trust for the executables.

Conclusion: Mach-O files are integral to how macOS and iOS manage software execution and integrity through embedded code signing and the newer PAC feature, enhancing security against various attacks.

The text discusses the architecture of AI agents, focusing on how their design impacts user adoption and trust. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. User Experience vs. Metrics: An AI agent may perform well in simple tasks but fail when faced with complex issues, leading to user frustration and abandonment.

2. AI Agent Architecture: The architecture of an AI agent consists of four layers:

   • Context & Memory: Determines what the agent remembers, affecting its ability to provide personalized responses.
   • Data & Integration: Involves how well the agent connects to various systems, impacting its usefulness.
   • Skills & Capabilities: Focuses on the specific functions the agent can perform, which should create user dependency without overcomplicating the design.
   • Evaluation & Trust: Involves how to measure success and communicate limitations, which is crucial for building user confidence.

3. Architectural Approaches: There are different architectures for building AI agents:

   • Single-Agent Architecture: A simple setup where one agent handles all tasks.
   • Skill-Based Architecture: Uses a routing system to delegate tasks to specialized skills.
   • Workflow-Based Architecture: Predefines processes for common scenarios, useful for compliance.
   • Collaborative Architecture: Involves multiple agents working together, but can be complex and difficult to debug.

4. Building Trust: Users trust AI agents more when they acknowledge uncertainties rather than claim to be always correct. Transparency about the agent's confidence and reasoning is essential.

5. Next Steps: The author plans to explore how much autonomy to give AI agents and how to balance automation with user control in future discussions.

In essence, building effective AI agents is not just about their capabilities but how they are designed to interact with users, fostering trust and ensuring a positive experience.

The authors, Tobias Landsberg and others, discuss a technique called compilation caches (CCs), which help save time and resources by avoiding repeated compilations in programming. These caches can be implemented through various tools and features. To be effective, the savings from using a cache must be greater than the costs of accessing it.

Current methods generally focus on early detection of cache hits by hashing the source code. However, this paper introduces a new approach called IRHash, which works at the Intermediate Representation (IR) level of the LLVM compiler. IRHash improves accuracy and supports more programming languages compared to existing tools like Ccache and cHash.

The study shows that IRHash reduces build times by an average of 19% for C projects, outperforming Ccache (10% reduction) and cHash (16% reduction).

Summary: Type-safe and User-Friendly Error Handling in Swift 6

Swift 6 introduces a new feature called typed throws, enhancing error handling by allowing developers to specify the types of errors a function can throw. This makes code cleaner and more reliable. The author shares a personal approach to creating user-friendly error messages using a custom error protocol called SystemError.

Key Points:

1. Custom Error Protocol: The author defines the SystemError protocol, which includes properties for log messages, user-friendly messages, and underlying errors, along with methods for error diagnostics.

2. Default Implementations: The protocol comes with default functionalities that facilitate structured error handling, including an error stack for easier debugging.

3. Creating Error Objects: Developers can create error types using structs or enums that conform to the SystemError protocol, simplifying error representation.

4. Extension for Foundation Errors: The author shows how to adapt NSError and DecodingError to conform to the SystemError protocol, providing clearer error messages.

5. Using Typed Throws: The new syntax (throws(MyErrorType)) allows functions to throw specific types of errors, which helps in catching and handling errors more effectively.

6. Error Handling in Practice: Examples demonstrate how to catch errors, display user-friendly messages, and log detailed error stacks for debugging.

Overall, this structured error handling approach in Swift 6 aims to improve the way developers manage errors, making it easier to create reliable applications.

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The text appears to be a collection of ASCII art and symbols rather than a coherent narrative or informative text. It consists of various patterns and designs made with characters that do not convey any specific message or meaning.

Key points for understanding:

• The content is primarily visual, focusing on art created using keyboard characters.
• It does not include any structured information or concepts to summarize.
• The designs may be for decorative purposes or artistic expression.

In essence, it is an artistic representation rather than a textual narrative.

Summary: Building Supabase-like OAuth Authentication for MCP Servers

Jakob Steiner, an engineer at Hypr MCP, discusses how to integrate OAuth authentication into MCP servers without modifying existing code. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new standard for connecting Large Language Models (LLMs) with other systems, and its authorization framework is based on OAuth2.

Key Points:

1. MCP Overview: MCP was introduced in November 2024 and quickly became popular. By March 2025, it included authorization support via OAuth2.

2. Implementation Challenges: Many existing identity providers (IdPs) use OpenID Connect (OIDC), which is slightly different from OAuth2, creating compatibility issues. Few IdPs support the necessary extensions for MCP.

3. Solution Development: Hypr MCP built its own solution using Dex as the IdP. The goal was to create an easy-to-use gateway for MCP servers that includes OAuth2 support.

4. Gateway Features:

   • Reverse Proxy: The gateway acts as a reverse proxy for multiple MCP servers.
   • CORS Support: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is added to facilitate web-based clients.
   • OAuth2 Middleware: This middleware validates access tokens and protects the proxy endpoint.
   • Protected Resource Server Endpoint: Implements a required endpoint for resource metadata.
   • Dynamic Client Registration (DCR): A custom DCR endpoint allows on-demand client creation, despite most IdPs lacking support for it.
   • Authorization Request Handling: Ensures required scopes are included in authorization requests.

5. Testing and Additional Insights: The author mentions challenges faced during development, such as client behavior inconsistencies and persistence issues with client registration.

In conclusion, the blog emphasizes that while building the gateway required extra effort due to missing OAuth2 features, it demonstrates that authentication can be successfully added to MCP servers. For complete implementation details, the author invites readers to explore the open-source Hypr MCP Gateway project on GitHub.

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Summary of Polars Cloud Launch

Polars Cloud has officially launched and is now available on AWS. This platform allows users to run Polars queries remotely and at scale, closing the gap between local and cloud data processing. The new Distributed Engine is in Open Beta, enabling efficient data handling with various scaling strategies.

Key Features:

1. Managed Data Platform: Polars Cloud lets users execute queries in the cloud without worrying about infrastructure and scaling.
2. Distributed Engine: This engine supports horizontal, vertical, and diagonal scaling, allowing for optimized performance and cost management.
3. User-Friendly API: The platform offers a single API that works seamlessly from local laptops to the cloud.

Future Developments:

• On-Premise Support: Plans to offer the distributed architecture for on-premise setups are underway.
• Live Dashboard: A new dashboard will provide detailed insights into cluster performance.
• Task Orchestration: Basic scheduling features for queries will be added, integrating with existing tools.
• Autoscaling: Unique scaling opportunities for various worker sizes will be introduced.
• Catalog Support: Enhanced support for organizing datasets using the Iceberg table format will be implemented.
• Multi-Region Availability: Expansion to additional regions is planned for better global access.

Users can sign up to start using Polars Cloud or apply for on-premise solutions. More updates and features will be shared soon.

The text contains links to articles about the Browser Company and its recent acquisition by Atlassian. It suggests that the Browser Company is making advancements in web technology and outlines expectations for how browsing might change by 2030. The key points are:

• The Browser Company has been acquired by Atlassian.
• This acquisition may lead to new developments in web browsing.
• There are predictions about the future of browsing experiences by 2030.

Overall, the focus is on the evolving landscape of web technology and what it might look like in the future.

Hello, we are Pranjali, Dhruv, and Harsha, and we are creating Slashy, an AI tool designed to streamline tasks across various apps. You can see a demo of it here.

We noticed that managing multiple apps was taking too much time away from our actual work, leading us to develop Slashy. It connects to services like Gmail, Calendar, Notion, and more, allowing users to search for information and perform tasks (like sending emails or creating calendar events) without needing to switch between apps.

What makes Slashy unique compared to other AI agents includes:

• Action-Oriented: Slashy can perform tasks like creating documents, scheduling, and sending emails, rather than just providing information.
• Cross-App Understanding: It can pull context and information from different platforms, making it easier to manage tasks.
• User Action Memory: Slashy remembers past interactions and learns expected actions over time.
• No Technical Setup: You can use natural language to describe what you want, avoiding complex setups.
• Custom User Interface: Each tool has a user-friendly design tailored for better interaction.

Some example workflows include daily calendar reviews, personalized outreach based on LinkedIn interactions, and creating investor pitch decks.

Slashy is currently available with a free tier offering 100 daily credits and 500 credits for new accounts. You can start using it now, and we have a special code "HACKERNEWS" for checkout. We hope you enjoy using Slashy!

Melvyn Bragg will be stepping down from his role on BBC Radio 4 after 27 years. His departure marks the end of a long and influential career in broadcasting. For more details, you can check out the full article from The Guardian.

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The author reflects on their journey through college, initially excited about electrical engineering but ultimately shifting to computer science and physics. They were inspired by the potential of hardware innovation to improve how we interact with computers, particularly after watching a TED talk on new interaction methods. However, their enthusiasm waned due to the dull teaching methods in engineering classes and a lack of engaging projects.

While they struggled in engineering courses and found them tedious, they thrived in software development, enjoying the immediacy and impact of their work. They participated in projects that involved solving real problems, such as improving a class registration system and conducting research using neural networks.

As they gained hands-on experience, the author noticed a divide between the innovative aspects of engineering and the more stimulating, real-world applications of software. Eventually, they changed their major to computer science and physics, finding joy in practical projects and the freedom to experiment.

In conclusion, the author believes that our interaction with computers needs improvement and reflects on missed opportunities in engineering. However, they feel content with their path in computer science and physics.

The article discusses two types of startups: "rocketships" and "slingshots."

• Rocketships represent startups that achieve rapid growth, gaining significant revenue quickly and attracting attention. These stories are exciting but can be misleading, as not all companies can maintain this pace.

• Slingshots, on the other hand, are startups that take longer to find their footing. They may initially struggle and seem irrelevant, but over time, they can achieve remarkable success and growth. These companies often develop unique skills and insights that make them hard to replicate.

The author emphasizes that while many startups may fade away after initial excitement, slingshots can surprise everyone by ultimately excelling. Finding and investing in these slingshot companies can be challenging, as they often lack visibility. However, the potential rewards of investing in them can be significant.

In conclusion, both types of companies have their merits, but slingshots tend to build lasting value over time, even if they initially seem overlooked.

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Zola: A Simple Static Site Engine

• All-in-One: Zola is a single executable program that includes everything you need, so you don’t have to deal with extra dependencies or setup.

• Fast Performance: It generates websites quickly, usually in under a second, even with features like Sass compilation and syntax highlighting.

• Scalable: Zola creates static files for your site, which can easily handle any amount of traffic without needing a server or database.

• User-Friendly: The command line interface and template engine are designed to be easy to use. You can check the documentation to see how straightforward it is.

• Versatile: Whether you’re creating a blog, knowledge base, or landing page, Zola lets you focus on your content without distractions.

• Enhanced Writing: It offers tools like shortcodes and internal links to simplify content creation.

The article discusses the creation of Bitrig, an interpreter that allows Swift apps to run dynamically on iPhones without the need for compilation through Xcode. Instead of converting Swift code to machine code, this interpreter translates Swift code into other Swift code, enabling instant app execution.

Key points include:

1. Use of SwiftSyntax: The interpreter leverages SwiftSyntax to easily parse Swift code into a structure called a parsed tree, which helps in evaluating code and retrieving values at runtime.

2. Handling Data Types: The interpreter can manage various data types, including literals (like strings and numbers) and custom types defined by developers. It uses an enumeration to represent these runtime values.

3. Calling Framework APIs: The interpreter can call SwiftUI APIs by pre-compiling calls to their initializers, enabling access to native functionalities without rewriting the APIs.

4. Dynamic Code Generation: Instead of writing code to handle every API manually, the interpreter can parse structured files that list available APIs, allowing it to generate code dynamically.

5. Custom Types and Protocols: To make custom types work with SwiftUI protocols, the interpreter creates stub types that delegate method calls back to the interpreter.

Overall, the interpreter acts as a bridge between dynamic Swift code and compiled Swift functionalities, allowing for flexible app development on iOS. Users can try out Bitrig to see the interpreter in action.

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Summary: Inverting the Xorshift128+ Random Number Generator

A new vulnerability, CVE-2025-7783, affects many applications in the Node.js ecosystem that use Math.random(), particularly those using libraries like axios. This vulnerability is unlikely to be exploited as it requires an attacker to have access to five consecutive outputs of Math.random(), which allows them to predict future outputs.

The author, a former cryptographer, explores ways to "invert" the Xorshift128+ algorithm used by Math.random(). They propose a method that can determine the internal state of the generator using at least two observed outputs, reducing the number of operations needed from brute force (which would require trying 2^128 possibilities) to just 2^26 operations for a more efficient algorithm.

The process involves calculating values based on known outputs and using an inductive equation to derive further bits, making it feasible to find the internal state efficiently. Additionally, the author mentions potential improvements and optimizations for speed in the implementation of this attack.

The challenge with fully inverting Math.random() is the loss of some bits during the conversion to a double, leading the author to suggest that three outputs may be necessary to successfully invert it.

The author also reflects on their experience using AI, particularly ChatGPT, to assist with their research. They found value in discussing ideas with AI, although they preferred to write the code themselves to avoid complications that arose from relying on it.

Overall, the blog invites others to explore and improve upon this work, providing source code for further experimentation.

In September 2025, I purchased a used 2023 Nissan Leaf, marking my first new car in 15 years. I previously drove various used vehicles, including a minivan and a Camry, but with a shorter commute now, I wanted a smaller, more efficient car.

I added several accessories to enhance my Leaf experience, such as a home charger and monitoring tools for battery health. I track the battery's state of health, which currently shows 93.16% capacity, and I follow best practices to extend its life, like limiting quick charges and keeping the charge between 50-80%.

I chose the Leaf primarily for its price and practicality. Although electric vehicles (EVs) have limitations, such as charging infrastructure and range anxiety, they offer benefits like lower maintenance costs and the convenience of home charging. I appreciate features like one-pedal driving and quick acceleration.

However, I have some frustrations with the Leaf, including missing controls and design quirks. Overall, while the Leaf suits my needs, I wouldn't recommend EVs for everyone yet, due to their cost and infrastructure challenges.

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SAP is investing €20 billion over the next decade to enhance cloud services in Europe, aiming to provide a secure alternative to American cloud providers. This move is in response to growing concerns among European customers regarding data privacy and sovereignty, especially in light of potential political changes in the US.

The investment will focus on three main cloud offerings:

1. SAP Cloud Infrastructure: An IaaS platform that ensures all data is stored within the EU to comply with GDPR.
2. Sovereign Cloud On-Site: A solution that allows customers to manage their own cloud infrastructure for high data sovereignty.
3. Delos Cloud: A secure cloud service based in Germany that meets specific national sovereignty needs.

SAP emphasizes that the future competitiveness of Europe lies in software and AI, rather than trying to replicate the large data centers of US companies. The goal is to provide European customers with cloud services that are compliant and secure, while also focusing on innovation rather than just infrastructure scale.

Summary: Reverse Engineering the Solos Smart Glasses

• The author is looking for documentation on the Solos Smart Glasses, which were released in 2018 for cyclists and runners but did not succeed commercially.
• They obtained a pair for $30 and found the glasses now focus on audio-only capabilities.
• The author experimented with the glasses and their companion app, discovering they can display information during bike rides, though navigation features were unreliable.
• They suspected the glasses receive graphics data via Bluetooth from the app, so they captured and analyzed the Bluetooth traffic.
• By decoding the data packets, they found a way to send custom images to the glasses using a Python script.
• The script converts images to a specific format (Run-Length Encoding) and sends them via Bluetooth, allowing the glasses to display arbitrary images.
• The author plans to use this capability to show useful information like weather updates or email subject lines.
• The glasses also have a microphone and speakers, which could enhance their functionality in wearable systems.

Overall, the author has successfully hacked the glasses to display custom images and is exploring further uses for this feature.

You can reuse old calendars instead of throwing them away. For example, if you have a 2025 calendar, you can use it again in 2031, 2042, 2053, and several other years up to 2121. In 2026, you can reuse calendars from years like 1903, 1942, and 2015, among others. Check out WhenCanIReuseThisCalendar.com for more details on reusing calendars.

The article discusses how many everyday systems, like credit scores and social media ratings, function similarly to social credit systems. These systems evaluate and score individual behavior, impacting access to services, job opportunities, and social standing. While people often associate social credit with China's government system, the reality is that similar scoring systems exist in the West, albeit in a fragmented and less transparent manner.

In China, many of the anticipated social credit systems are not fully operational, primarily focusing on financial behavior and court compliance. In contrast, Western societies have numerous platforms that track behavior, such as Uber, LinkedIn, and Amazon, which create detailed profiles based on user actions. These scores can affect various aspects of life, from loan eligibility to job prospects.

The article argues that while we don’t have a unified social credit system in the West yet, we are building toward one without recognizing it. It highlights the importance of transparency in these scoring systems and questions whether users will be better off when they understand how their data is used. Ultimately, it suggests that knowing the rules of the game can empower individuals to make informed choices about their participation in these systems.

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The article discusses whether businesses are reducing their hiring because of advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). It explores the impact of AI on the job market and considers how companies are adjusting their workforce in response to these changes. The key points focus on the balance between utilizing technology for efficiency and the potential risk of fewer job opportunities for workers. Overall, it questions how AI might influence future employment trends.

Business Insider shares interesting and creative stories that you want to learn about.

16-Inch Softball Overview

16-inch softball, also known by names like mushball and Chicago ball, is a type of softball played with a larger, softer ball (16 inches in circumference) and without gloves. It originated in Chicago in the late 1800s and is still popular in cities like Chicago, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Portland.

Gameplay

• The game follows similar rules to standard softball, with higher pitches and specific ball/strike rules based on where the ball crosses the batter's body.
• Teams can be co-ed, all-male, or all-female, and leagues may range from competitive to recreational.
• The National Softball Association (NSA) has its own rules for the game.

History

• The first game of softball was played in 1887 in Chicago. Initially, various ball sizes were used before the 16-inch version became standard, as it was better suited for smaller play areas and allowed for barehanded play during tough economic times.
• The sport gained traction after a national championship in 1933, leading to the formation of a professional league that thrived through the 1950s.

Leagues and Tournaments

• Local organizations host regular games and playoffs, while national tournaments by the NSA can lead to the world series.
• Rules may vary by league, but the NSA has specific rules for its tournaments, including a provision for Chicago players to use gloves.

Notable Aspects

• The game is referred to as "blooperball" in Bay City, Michigan, where it has a long-standing league for older players.
• The 16-Inch Softball Hall of Fame was established in 1996, highlighting the sport's cultural significance and featuring a museum in Illinois.

Famous Players and Pop Culture

• Several notable figures, including U.S. Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan, have played the sport.
• The game features in popular media, such as the film "About Last Night."

Overall, 16-inch softball is a unique and community-oriented sport with a rich history, particularly in Chicago, and continues to thrive through local leagues and national competitions.

The article discusses 28 alternatives to Discord for gaming, work, and chatting in 2025. It provides options that can be used for different purposes, making it easier for users to find the right platform for their needs. The focus is on tools that offer similar features to Discord, catering to various preferences and requirements.

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The ReCon Project at Graz University of Technology in Austria has developed a new fastening system for walls and floors that resembles Velcro. This system uses concrete with small protrusions and a flexible 3D-printed sheet that also has corresponding bumps, allowing for a temporary bond between the two. This innovation aims to separate long-lasting structures from shorter-lived elements like flooring and interior walls, potentially making renovations easier and less messy. Instead of dealing with the hassle of replacing floors or removing wallpaper, future users might simply peel off and replace these surfaces. However, some concerns have been raised about the durability of the concrete and the suitability of this system for various flooring types.

Summary of "Interrupts – The Heartbeat of a Unix Kernel"

Modern operating systems rely on interrupts to handle events like user input, network activity, and data transfers. An interrupt is a signal that tells the CPU to pause its current task and execute a specific piece of code to address the event.

How Interrupts Work:

1. Definition: An interrupt is an event that interrupts the CPU's current processing flow, directing it to a specific memory location to execute instructions (the interrupt service handler).
2. Execution Flow: When an interrupt occurs, the CPU saves its current instruction pointer (EIP) on the stack, jumps to the interrupt handler, and after execution, uses the IRET command to return to the original task.
3. Interrupts and Registers: The CPU saves additional information on the stack, but it must manually restore any altered registers before returning to avoid errors.

Sources of Interrupts:

1. Hardware Interrupts: Triggered by external hardware (e.g., keyboard presses or timers).
2. Software Interrupts: Generated by the CPU due to errors (e.g., divide by zero) or manually by programs.

Interrupt Routing: Interrupts often pass through controllers that manage the communication between devices and the CPU, making the system complex but efficient.

Uses of Interrupts:

• Input Handling: Instead of constantly checking for user input (polling), interrupts allow the CPU to perform other tasks until input is received.
• Multi-tasking: Interrupts enable efficient task switching, allowing the operating system to regain control even if a process hangs.
• Direct Memory Access (DMA): Allows hardware to read/write data directly to memory, notifying the CPU via interrupts when done.
• Timers: Generate regular interrupts to facilitate preemptive multitasking, ensuring control is returned to the operating system periodically.

In summary, interrupts are essential for efficient CPU operation, enabling better resource management and multitasking capabilities in modern operating systems.

Mathematicians have recently challenged a long-standing belief in knot theory, which studies the mathematical properties of knots. Traditionally, it was thought that when joining two knots, the complexity of the new knot would equal the sum of the complexities of the original knots. However, researchers Mark Brittenham and Susan Hermiller discovered a case where this is not true. They found a knot formed by connecting two knots—one with an unknotting number of three—that can be untangled in just five moves instead of the expected six.

This discovery, which contradicts a conjecture proposed in 1937, suggests that our understanding of knot complexity may need to be revised. Knot theory has important applications, such as in biology for understanding protein structures. The findings emphasize that even simple-looking knots can hide complex mathematical properties.

The text discusses the concept of sustained attention and its effects on our experiences, particularly in relation to pleasure and emotions. Here are the key points:

1. Value of Attention: Sustaining attention is often viewed as a chore, but it can be pleasurable and enriching. It can enhance our experiences, making them more vivid and intense.

2. Pleasure and Anticipation: In contexts like intimacy, delaying gratification can heighten desire and activate the brain's dopamine system, leading to a deeper awareness of sensations.

3. Attention Mechanics: Different bodily systems (like hormones and brain regions) influence how we experience time and focus. When attention is scattered, experiences can feel less coherent. Conversely, sustained focus allows these systems to synchronize, deepening our experience.

4. Effects of Focus: Whether it's joy or anxiety, focusing on an emotion can lead to intensified experiences. For example, cultivating attention on happiness can enhance feelings of joy, while dwelling on anxiety can trigger panic.

5. Art and Attention: Engaging with art can transform our mental state. It’s about experiencing emotions and sensations, rather than merely understanding the content.

6. Personal Experiences: The author shares a personal story of deeply experiencing a symphony and how focused attention led to profound emotional insights.

7. Exploration of Other States: The text raises questions about what other experiences might be unlocked through sustained attention, suggesting that many aspects of life can offer transformative insights when we focus deeply on them.

In summary, the piece emphasizes the importance and benefits of focusing our attention, suggesting that it can lead to richer, more meaningful experiences in various aspects of life.

The article discusses the history and significance of the color blue, highlighting its unique qualities and cultural associations. The author reflects on their changing favorite colors and ultimately recognizes blue as the most intriguing due to its difficulty in being artificially created compared to other colors.

Key points include:

1. Historical Significance: Blue has been used since ancient times, starting with natural dyes like indigo and minerals. The Egyptians created the first synthetic blue pigment, Egyptian blue, around 3250 BC.

2. Cultural Associations: Throughout history, blue has represented luxury and technology, especially in art. It was used in ancient religious art, medieval paintings, and later in porcelain.

3. Modern Synthetic Pigments: The development of synthetic blues began in the 18th century with Prussian blue, which was more accessible than earlier pigments like ultramarine. This trend continued into the 19th and 20th centuries with the creation of new synthetic blues.

4. Blue in Technology and Culture: The article speculates that blue is often associated with the future in science fiction due to its rarity in nature and its technological advancements, such as the development of blue LEDs in the 1990s.

Overall, blue's unique history—from ancient dyes to modern technology—has made it a symbol of the future and progress in various fields.

Andre Debuisne discusses his experience optimizing map rendering for the NYC Chaos Dashboard, a website that visualizes urban activity. Initially, he used GeoJSON format to pass map data, but as he added more datasets, the loading speed and performance suffered. To improve this, he decided to implement vector tiles, which allow for efficient rendering by loading data in smaller, manageable pieces (tiles) at specific zoom levels.

Vector tiles differ from GeoJSON as they store instructions for rendering features instead of all data in one file. This approach improves performance, especially with large datasets. Andre details how he generates these tiles using Go, incorporating geographic information and transforming it into a binary format using Protobuf.

He explains the process of identifying which tile a feature belongs to, creating the tile, adding geometries and properties, and serving it via HTTP. After deploying the vector tile server, he observed a reduction in file size and improved loading times. Andre plans to further enhance performance by implementing additional features and migrating to a faster server. He concludes by expressing his intention to make his code open-source and invites feedback from readers.

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Summary: Using Thunk to Build Rust Programs for Old Windows Platforms

Thunk is a tool that helps you create Rust programs compatible with older Windows versions, including Windows XP. Here’s how it works:

1. Setup Requirements:

   • Download and unzip the VC-LTL5 and YY-Thunks binaries.
   • Add the following environment variables:
     • For VC-LTL: VC_LTL
     • For YY-Thunks: YY_THUNKS
   • Ensure Thunk is in your run path.

2. Installation:

   • Install Thunk using the command: cargo install thunk-cli.

3. Building Programs:

   • For Windows XP:
     • Create a new project: cargo new build_for_xp
     • Navigate to the project folder: cd build_for_xp
     • Build with Thunk: thunk --os xp --arch x86 -- --release
   • For Shared Libraries:
     • Follow similar steps, but add --lib in the build command.

4. Help Command:

   • To see help options, use: thunk.exe --help.

5. Note: Programs built with Thunk may not always work correctly on older platforms. Use them at your own risk.

6. For Library Use:

   • Ensure curl and 7z are in your PATH.
   • Add Thunk as a dependency: cargo add thunk-rs --build.
   • Create a build script (build.rs) with: fn main() { thunk::thunk(); }.

Future Plans:

• Support for more Windows versions, including Vista, 7, 8, and 10.

Acknowledgments: Thanks to VC-LTL5 and YY-Thunks for their contributions.

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Many developers have been requesting an integration of Claude Code into Zed, and it has now been released in public beta. This integration allows users to run Claude Code directly in Zed, taking advantage of its high-performance editing features. Key benefits include:

• Real-time Editing: Users can see edits made by Claude Code across multiple files with syntax highlighting and language support.
• Granular Changes: Users can review and approve specific code changes.
• Task Management: Claude Code’s task list can be viewed in the sidebar for easy tracking.
• Custom Workflows: Users can create custom commands for common tasks.

The integration uses the new Agent Client Protocol (ACP), which allows various AI agents to connect to Zed and other editors. This modular approach means Claude Code operates independently while being fully integrated into Zed’s interface.

The source code for the Claude Code adapter is open-sourced under the Apache license, making it accessible for other editors that adopt ACP. The team is also working on adding more features and is open to collaboration with developers looking to integrate their agents into Zed.

Zed is available for macOS and Linux, and the team encourages feedback and contributions from the developer community. They are also hiring to expand their team.

Lit is a lightweight library for building web components that enhances productivity by adding features like reactivity and declarative templates. Here are the key points:

• Easy to Use: Lit simplifies building web components, allowing developers to focus on creating without boilerplate code.
• Fast Performance: At around 5 KB, Lit keeps your project lightweight and ensures quick loading times and updates by only altering dynamic parts of the UI.
• Web Standards: Lit components are standard web components that work with any HTML framework, making them versatile for different projects.
• Custom Elements: Lit components behave like built-in HTML elements, allowing for easy integration into various environments.
• Scoped Styles: Styles are encapsulated using Shadow DOM, preventing conflicts with other styles on the page.
• Reactive Properties: Components automatically update when reactive properties change, ensuring a smooth user experience.
• Declarative Templates: Lit uses simple templates that combine HTML and JavaScript, making it easy to read and write.

Lit can be used to create shareable components, design systems, or fully functional applications, offering flexibility and maintainability. You can explore tutorials and documentation to get started, and connect with the community through Discord, Bluesky, or GitHub for support and updates.

A recent study has shown that using AI-generated Metal kernels can significantly speed up PyTorch inference on Apple devices by 87%. This research aimed to see if advanced AI models could automatically create optimized GPU kernels, which are crucial for model performance. The results indicated that the AI-generated kernels were, on average, 1.87 times faster than the standard implementations across 215 PyTorch modules, with some achieving speedups of over 100 times.

Key points include:

1. Kernel Optimization Importance: GPU kernels define the operations executed by AI models. Optimizing these can lead to substantial performance improvements.

2. Challenges of Manual Optimization: Writing optimized kernels requires expertise and is time-consuming, especially for non-CUDA platforms like Apple's Metal.

3. AI's Role: The study tested eight advanced AI models from various organizations, finding that they could successfully generate fast kernels without requiring deep technical knowledge.

4. Methodology: The research analyzed performance across simple operations to complete model architectures. The AI-generated kernels showed impressive speedups, with some models eliminating unnecessary computations.

5. Best Practices: The findings suggest that a "Best of N" approach could be effective, where multiple AI models generate kernels and the best-performing one is selected.

6. Future Exploration: The researchers aim to enhance this process by incorporating more context, such as optimized CUDA implementations and profiling data, to further improve kernel generation.

Overall, this technique could allow developers to boost model performance without needing in-depth knowledge of kernel engineering, paving the way for faster AI applications on various platforms.

When a user leaves a website, we may want to send data to our servers for things like analytics or auto-logout. Many people suggest using XMLHTTPRequest or fetch in the beforeunload or unload events. However, these methods are not reliable because the browser may not wait for the request to finish before navigating away, which can lead to lost data.

Instead, the Beacon API is a better solution. It allows you to send data without the browser waiting for a response. For example, you can use it like this:

navigator.sendBeacon('/analytics', JSON.stringify({ event: 'page_leave' }));

This method is simple and efficient, but it has some limitations: it can only send a small amount of data and only supports POST requests.

The Beacon API is not just for when a page closes; it can be used anytime to send data to the server without waiting for a response, making it perfect for tasks like sending analytics data.

For more details on the Beacon API, you can visit the MDN documentation.

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The text discusses the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in improving the reliability of their predictions. It argues that the way LLMs learn, by transforming certain types of data, contributes to errors and inaccuracies. This issue is worsened by the presence of misleading correlations that increase as data sets grow. While it's possible for LLMs to develop problems over time, it doesn't mean that all future AI research will face the same issues. To avoid these problems, researchers need to focus more on understanding the underlying nature of the problems they are studying.

Rogue-lite Notepad++ Plugin Summary

This plugin offers a turn-based gameplay experience with six levels. Players can collect and choose powerful relics, defeat bosses, and navigate through traps, all while enjoying a storyline and audio features.

Warning: Use at your own risk as it may lead to data loss or changes in settings. It works only on 64-bit Windows and has been tested on Windows 10 and 11 with Notepad++ version 8.6.8.

Installation Steps:

1. Download and unzip the latest release.
2. Install the font from the Font folder.
3. Add the theme by dragging it into the Notepad++ themes folder (usually found at C:\Program Files\Notepad++\themes).
4. Add the plugin by dragging it into the Notepad++ plugins folder (usually found at C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins).
5. Press PLAY in the plugin menu (you may need to run Notepad++ in admin mode).

Summary of Mikey Dickerson's Experience as U.S. Digital Service Administrator

Mikey Dickerson served as the first Administrator of the U.S. Digital Service (USDS) from 2014 to 2017, expanding the team from two to 200 members. He transitioned to this role after helping to fix HealthCare.gov, having previously worked as a site reliability engineer at Google.

During his time at USDS, Mikey faced various challenges, including hiring people to address crises, managing expectations, and adapting the organization’s structure as it evolved. He emphasized that the team often had to "make it up as they went along" since they were navigating uncharted territory.

Mikey discussed how his experience at HealthCare.gov influenced his decision to join USDS. Despite initial enthusiasm, he encountered burnout and resentment from former colleagues at Google. He took on the role with limited knowledge of what to expect, but he believed in the potential to transform government technology.

The organization faced difficulties in establishing clear priorities and relationships within the federal government. Mikey noted that many agencies were resistant to change and that the ambition to create teams across all federal agencies was unrealistic. Over time, he realized that the government often struggles with digital transformation, and most agencies were not ready or willing to adapt.

Mikey also highlighted the cultural challenges within USDS as it grew. The initial close-knit environment became strained as the organization expanded, leading to conflicts and a loss of trust among team members. He stressed the importance of maintaining a unique culture that prioritized problem-solving over politics.

Despite these challenges, Mikey pointed to several successful projects that improved government services, such as Vets.gov and the College Scorecard. However, he lamented that the organization had to adapt to a changing political landscape and budget constraints that limited its ability to function effectively.

Reflecting on his experience, Mikey acknowledged that the complexities of government systems are often deeper than they appear. He concluded that meaningful change requires an understanding of the underlying issues within large bureaucracies, which can be far more complicated than simply fixing technical problems.

Summary of PolarSys B612 Font Family

The B612 font family is an open-source typeface designed for aircraft cockpit screens, focusing on high legibility. Its main features include:

• Increased spacing between character forms for better clarity.
• Adherence to basic shapes of letters.
• Harmonized character forms and spacing.

Development Background

In 2010, Airbus partnered with ENAC and Université de Toulouse III to create an "Aeronautical Font" to enhance the readability of cockpit information. After two years, they collaborated with Intactile DESIGN to create eight versions of the font, named B612 after a fictional asteroid from the works of aviator Saint-Exupéry. This font underwent thorough adjustments to ensure all characters were clear.

Updating the Font

To release a new version:

1. Update the version number in the font files.
2. Duplicate the source files.
3. Use Fontlab to process the copies.
4. Generate the TTF files.
5. Run a build script to finalize the digital signature.

Copyright and Licensing

The font is copyrighted by Airbus (2012) and is available under the Eclipse Public License v2.0, Eclipse Distribution License v1.0, and SIL Open Font License v1.1. Links to the licenses can be found on their respective websites.

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