The Apple Photos app has a problem that sometimes corrupts images when they are imported from cameras. A user experienced this issue, especially after a family wedding where they lost about 30% of their photos. Initially, they thought the corruption was their fault and didn't realize the Photos app was the cause.

To troubleshoot, they replaced various hardware components, including cables, SD cards, a laptop, and even their camera, but the corruption continued. They eventually stopped using the "delete after import" option and found that reviewing photos before deleting them helped avoid losing files. Despite this, they still encountered corrupt images.

The user concluded that the Photos app randomly corrupts files and decided to switch to a different workflow using the Darktable app for managing their photos. Now they import images to Darktable first, cull the bad ones, and then export the good ones to the Photos app for sharing. They haven't seen any corruption since making this change and are no longer concerned about the issue with the Photos app.

Summary: How to Motivate Yourself to Do Things You Don't Want to Do

Ashley Janssen shares strategies to help motivate yourself when faced with tasks you dislike or avoid. She uses her experience with an air bike workout as an illustration of the struggle with motivation.

Key points include:

1. Understanding Lack of Motivation: Recognize that many factors, like physical health, mental state, and external stress, can affect your motivation. Identifying these can help you find ways to address them.

2. Motivation Techniques:

   • Identify Motivators: Think about what drives you. Combine tasks with enjoyable activities, like listening to music or watching shows while working out.
   • Accountability: Having someone to check in with can boost motivation. Consider hiring a coach or finding a buddy to keep you accountable.
   • Gamify Tasks: Turn tasks into games or challenges with rewards for progress.
   • Break Tasks Down: Divide larger tasks into smaller, manageable steps to make them less overwhelming.
   • Consistency Over Motivation: Establish a routine for regular tasks instead of waiting for motivation to strike.
   • Know When to Pause: It’s okay to set tasks aside if they aren’t priorities. Assess whether they are essential or can be delayed.

Janssen emphasizes that struggling with motivation is common and that understanding and managing your circumstances can help you make progress.

In a recent blog post, Przemysław Hejman discusses the Tau² benchmark, a new framework for assessing the performance of language models (LLMs). The key finding is that a simple rewrite of prompts for the smaller model, GPT-5-mini, improved its success rate by over 20%.

Key Points:

1. Benchmarking with Tau²: The Tau² benchmark tests LLMs in real-world scenarios across various sectors, primarily showing GPT-5's strong performance in telecom tasks.

2. GPT-5-mini Advantages: This smaller model is faster, more efficient, and cheaper than the full GPT-5, delivering about 85-95% of its performance.

3. Initial Results: Testing GPT-5-mini revealed a success rate of only 55%, indicating significant room for improvement.

4. Prompt Optimization: By using another AI model, Claude, to revise the prompts and policies for GPT-5-mini, the team created clearer, step-by-step instructions that reduced ambiguity.

5. Results: The new prompts led to a 22% increase in success rates (from 55% to 67.5%) and improved the model's ability to handle previously unsolvable tasks.

6. Takeaway: Thoughtful prompt design can greatly enhance the performance of smaller models. Simplifying language and structuring tasks can help these models achieve results comparable to larger ones, making them a cost-effective choice.

Overall, the experiment highlights the importance of effective prompt engineering in maximizing the potential of smaller language models.

Waymo is set to launch its fully autonomous ride-hailing service in Nashville, partnering with Lyft. This service will start in the coming months and open to the public next year. Riders will be able to use the Waymo app, and eventually the Lyft app, to hail rides.

Waymo's technology has successfully completed hundreds of thousands of autonomous rides weekly in five major U.S. cities. The partnership combines Waymo's advanced autonomous vehicles with Lyft's fleet management expertise.

Waymo co-CEO Tekedra Mawakana expressed excitement about bringing this service to Nashville, highlighting the safety and convenience it offers. Lyft CEO David Risher emphasized the synergy between their customer service and Waymo's technology. With over 100 million miles driven safely, Waymo aims to enhance transportation in Nashville as the city grows.

Tennessee Governor Bill Lee supports this initiative, noting its potential to address transportation challenges and boost economic growth. Waymo looks forward to serving Nashville soon and encourages interested individuals to sign up for updates.

We have proven that the Busy Beaver value S(5) is 47,176,870 using the Coq proof assistant. The Busy Beaver function, introduced by Tibor Radó in 1962, measures the maximum number of steps a 2-symbol Turing machine with n states can take before it stops running. In this proof, we examined 181,385,789 Turing machines with 5 states to determine whether each one halts. This finding is significant because it's the first new Busy Beaver value established in over 40 years and the first to be formally verified. It highlights the success of collaborative online research efforts.

On September 16, CCTV News reported that Alibaba's Pingtouge has developed a new AI chip, the PPU, which outperforms NVIDIA's A800 chip in key metrics and is comparable to the H20 chip.

Key details include:

• Memory: Pingtouge PPU has 96GB of HBM2e memory, more than the A800's 80GB and equal to H20's capacity, although H20 uses a newer HBM3.
• Interconnect Bandwidth: Pingtouge PPU offers up to 700GB/s, exceeding A800's 400GB/s but is slightly lower than H20.
• Interface: It supports PCIe 5.0, better than A800's PCIe 4.0 and equal to H20.
• Power Consumption: Both Pingtouge PPU and A800 consume 400W, while H20 uses 550W.

Additionally, China Unicom's Sanjiangyuan Green Electricity Intelligent Computing Center has signed agreements for various AI chip projects, totaling 1,747 devices and 22,832 computing cards, offering a combined computing power of 3,479P. This includes contributions from Alibaba Cloud, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and others, with plans for additional projects adding 2,002P of computing power.

The text discusses a deal involving TikTok between the U.S. and China. Key details have emerged, but the specifics of the agreement are not fully outlined in the summary. The focus is on the ongoing negotiations and potential outcomes of the deal. The links provided lead to articles that likely contain more in-depth information about the situation.

Summary of Midnight Commander

Midnight Commander (mc) is a free, visual file manager that features a dual-pane layout. It allows users to easily copy, move, delete files, search for files, and run commands. It includes built-in tools like a viewer, editor, and diff viewer.

Installation: You can install mc using your system's package manager with these commands:

• For Debian/Ubuntu: apt-get install mc
• For Fedora/Red Hat: dnf install mc
• For FreeBSD: pkg install mc
• For macOS: brew install midnight-commander

Documentation: You can learn how to use mc through its online help (press F1) or by reading the manual pages with commands like man mc, man mcedit, man mcview, and man mcdiff.

Customization: Midnight Commander supports different color themes. You can use the existing skins or create your own.

Support and Contributions: For help, visit the Communication page. If you want to contribute, check the Development section. Release notes are available on the wiki.

No summary available.

Summary of Microsoft Python Driver for SQL Server (mssql-python)

The mssql-python driver is a tool for connecting Python applications to Microsoft SQL Server and Azure SQL databases. It allows direct connections without needing an external driver manager and follows the DB API 2.0 standard for database access. The driver supports Python versions 3.10 and above and provides essential database functions such as managing connections, executing queries, and handling transactions.

Key Points:

• Installation:

  • Install using pip on Windows, MacOS, or Linux.
  • MacOS requires OpenSSL; Linux has specific package requirements depending on the distribution.

• Compatibility:

  • Works on Windows, MacOS, and Linux (x64 only for SUSE).
  • Supports various authentication methods using Microsoft Entra ID.

• Features:

  • Compliant with DB API 2.0, ensuring standard database access.
  • Enhanced Pythonic features for easier database interaction.
  • Built-in connection pooling for better performance.

• Authentication:

  • Supports multiple authentication methods including username/password, managed identity, and device code flow, with some limitations on MacOS and Linux.

• Development Status:

  • The project is in Public Preview, meaning it is still being developed and tested; caution is advised for production use.

• Documentation and Support:

  • Comprehensive documentation and examples are available to help users get started.

• Contributions:

  • Contributions are welcome, and a Contributor License Agreement is required for submissions.

• License:

  • The driver is licensed under the MIT license, with specific conditions for certain libraries.

For more information, users are encouraged to check the documentation or FAQs, and contributions are supported under a defined code of conduct.

Summary of UUIDv47

UUIDv47 is a method that allows you to use sortable UUIDv7 in databases while presenting a UUIDv4-like format to APIs. This is done by masking the timestamp of UUIDv7 with a secure method called SipHash-2-4.

Key Features:

• Database Friendly: UUIDv7 is time-ordered, improving data organization and retrieval.
• API Compatibility: The facade looks like UUIDv4, hiding the underlying timing information.
• Security: Uses SipHash-2-4 for key recovery resistance, ensuring the secrecy of the key.

How It Works:

• The UUIDv7 structure contains a timestamp, version, and random bits.
• The encoding process involves masking the timestamp and setting the version to 4.
• The decoding reverses this process to retrieve the original UUIDv7.

Usage Example: A simple code example shows how to parse a UUID, encode it to a facade, and decode it back.

Integration Tips:

• Perform encoding and decoding at the API level.
• For databases like Postgres, a small C extension can be used.

Performance: SipHash-2-4 operates quickly without needing additional memory.

Security Notes: The design ensures that even if an attacker has access to the inputs, they cannot recover the secret key.

License: MIT License, provided by Stateless Limited.

This method is suitable for developers looking to maintain both database efficiency and API security.

Summary of Procedural Island Generation (III)

In this continuation of the island generation series, we enhance our terrain using detailed noise layers and mountain peaks to create realistic elevation.

1. Paint Map Foundation: We start with a paint map that defines land and water areas. This map is sampled at Delaunay triangle centroids.

2. Multi-Scale Noise Layers: We add multiple layers of Simplex noise at different frequencies to introduce detail to the terrain. Six noise layers are used, ranging from low to high frequencies, each contributing unique details.

3. Coastal Noise Enhancement: This process modifies the terrain at coastlines using high-frequency noise to create realistic transitions from land to water.

4. Mountain Distance Field: We create a distance field from seed points to mountain peaks using a breadth-first search approach. This results in natural mountain shapes, with randomization to avoid uniformity.

5. Elevation Blending: The final elevation is created by blending coastal, hill, and mountain elevations. Parameters can be adjusted to change the terrain’s appearance.

6. Region Elevation: Elevation for Voronoi regions is determined by averaging the elevations of triangles that share the same seed point.

7. Next Steps: The upcoming part will simulate the hydrological cycle, including rainfall and erosion.

The post also references valuable resources for further learning about terrain generation techniques.

In August 2025, a security researcher reported two significant issues with PureVPN's Linux clients (GUI v2.10.0 and CLI v2.0.1) but received no response from the company. The main concerns are:

1. IPv6 Leaks: After switching Wi-Fi or waking from suspend, the VPN fails to protect users' IPv6 traffic. Even when the VPN shows as connected, users can still access the internet using their ISP's IPv6 address.

2. Firewall Reset: When connecting to the VPN, PureVPN resets the user's iptables firewall settings, leaving the system more vulnerable. After disconnecting, these changes are not restored, which compromises user security.

In summary, PureVPN does not effectively prevent IPv6 leaks and alters user firewall settings without restoring them, which can lead to privacy issues. The researcher submitted detailed reports to PureVPN but has not received any acknowledgment. Users should be cautious when using this VPN service.

There are many blogs discussing a recent supply chain attack affecting various software packages. Here are some key resources:

1. Socket:

   • Sep 15: First post about the breach link.
   • Sep 16: Update on ongoing attacks targeting CrowdStrike NPM packages link.

2. StepSecurity: Details on the TinyColor and 40 compromised NPM packages link.

3. Aikido: Report on the Singularity NX attack link.

4. Ox Security: Coverage of the major supply chain attack on 40 NPM packages link.

5. Safety: Information on the Shai Hulud NPM attack link.

6. Phoenix: Insights on the TinyColor compromise link.

7. Semgrep: Advisory on NPM packages using secret scanning tools link.

These resources provide detailed information about the security issues and attacks on software packages.

Summary: Firefox DNS Privacy Update

On September 17, 2025, Firefox announced improvements to its DNS privacy features, now available on Android. DNS queries, which help locate websites, have traditionally been sent without encryption, exposing users' browsing habits. To address this, Firefox introduced DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) in 2020, enhancing privacy by encrypting these queries.

Key Updates:

• DoH on Android: Firefox 143 for Android now allows users to enable DoH, providing the same privacy protections as on desktop devices.
• Performance Improvements: Collaborating with the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA), Firefox has made DoH lookups 61% faster this year, approaching the speed of standard DNS resolution.
• User Control: Firefox prioritizes user choice, allowing users to opt-out, select their DNS resolver, and adjust privacy settings. Only trusted DNS providers can become DoH providers through strict requirements.

Firefox emphasizes that privacy should be the default and that browsing speed should not be compromised. The goal is to create a more secure and accessible internet for all users.

Google has released a new app for Windows that offers a search feature similar to Apple's Spotlight. This app allows users to search locally on their computer, in Google Drive, on the web, and through Google Lens.

Summary of Stategraph Development for Terraform State Management

Stategraph is being developed to improve how Terraform manages state, which currently relies on a file-based system that leads to coordination issues in distributed systems. Here are the key points:

1. Current Issues: Terraform uses a single JSON file for state management, causing lock contention when multiple users or systems try to modify the state concurrently. This leads to inefficiencies and scaling problems.

2. Proposed Solution: Stategraph treats infrastructure state as a directed graph, allowing for better management of dependencies between resources. This approach enables more efficient operations, such as subgraph isolation and precise locking, which can significantly reduce contention and improve performance.

3. Graph Representation Benefits:

   • Subgraph Isolation: Different teams can work on separate parts of the state without interfering with each other.
   • Precise Locking: Locks are applied at the resource and dependency level, reducing the chances of deadlocks.
   • Incremental Refresh: Only affected resources are updated when changes occur, improving refresh times dramatically.

4. Implementation Details: Stategraph is built on PostgreSQL, which supports advanced concurrency control and scalability. It reads existing Terraform state files and integrates without requiring changes to current configurations.

5. Adoption Advantages: Moving to Stategraph can eliminate lock contention, vastly reduce refresh times, and make state more manageable and understandable while maintaining Terraform's execution model.

In summary, Stategraph aims to resolve long-standing issues in Terraform's state management by applying established principles from distributed systems, turning the state into a graph-based structure for better performance and scalability.

SQLiteData Summary

SQLiteData is a lightweight and fast replacement for SwiftData that uses SQL and supports synchronization with CloudKit. It works on iOS 13 and above.

Key Features:

• Uses property wrappers like @Table and @FetchAll to manage data similarly to SwiftData's @Model and @Query.
• Automatically updates SwiftUI views when data changes.
• Requires basic knowledge of SQLite, including schema design and SQL queries, for effective use.

Getting Started:

• Set up a default database at the app's entry point.
• Use @FetchAll and @FetchOne for powerful data querying.
• To sync data with CloudKit, configure a SyncEngine in your app.

Performance: SQLiteData is efficient, achieving performance comparable to direct SQLite C APIs.

Demos and Documentation: The library includes demos for various applications and has comprehensive documentation available online.

Installation: SQLiteData can be added to Xcode projects via Swift Package Manager.

Community and Support: Users can engage with the community on discussion forums or the Point-Free Slack channel. The library is open-source and released under the MIT license.

The text discusses a bounty of $5,000 for developing an importer that converts Notion's HTML exports to Markdown for the Obsidian platform. The current importer cannot handle Notion databases due to limitations in its file exports. The new importer will use the Notion API to progressively download files and convert Notion databases into Obsidian Bases.

Key points include:

• The bounty is open for 30 days.
• Applicants must be familiar with the Obsidian importer code and the Notion API.
• Requirements for the new importer include proper Markdown conversion, support for images, and test cases.
• There is a need to understand the differences between Notion databases and Obsidian bases for effective implementation.

Interested developers can refer to the contribution guidelines for more details on how to apply.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The author expresses strong criticism of current social media platforms, having deleted their accounts in 2019. They believe that while the idea of social media—to connect with loved ones—is valuable, today's platforms prioritize advertising and user engagement over meaningful connections, leading to feelings of loneliness and dissatisfaction.

The author argues that these platforms have transformed into tools that serve commercial interests rather than users, with features designed to maximize addiction and profit. They propose a vision for a better social media platform focused on genuine connections and thoughtful engagement, rather than self-promotion and advertising. Key features of this ideal platform would include:

• A friend-based connection system, requiring mutual agreement.
• A limit on the number of connections (around 300) to foster meaningful relationships.
• A chronological feed to help users keep up with their connections without endless scrolling.
• A cap on daily posts (around 5) to encourage intentional sharing.
• No advertisement or recommendation systems, and no analytics to track engagement.

The author acknowledges that such a platform may struggle to succeed against mainstream options but hopes it could work within niche communities. They express a desire for a social media platform that allows them to connect with friends and family without compromising their attention and privacy. They are open to consulting on such a project if anyone is working on it.

Summary: Fifty Things You Can Do with a Software Defined Radio (SDR)

In this article, the author explores the electromagnetic spectrum using a Software Defined Radio (SDR) over a week. SDRs are radios that use software for data processing, allowing them to detect a wide range of frequencies beyond typical FM radios.

Key Points:

1. What is an SDR?

   • A Software Defined Radio processes signals using a computer rather than traditional hardware, enabling it to explore a broader spectrum of electromagnetic waves.

2. Getting Started:

   • The author used an RTL-SDR Blog V4 USB dongle and an antenna kit, costing around $30-$50, to conduct experiments.

3. Experiments Conducted:

   • The author documented 50 activities, including:
     • Listening to FM and digital radio.
     • Tracking aircraft and ships using ADS-B and AIS signals.
     • Receiving weather information, Morse code, and satellite signals.
     • Exploring amateur radio bands and decoding various signals.
     • Engaging in fun activities like tracking weather balloons and even communicating via NFC with a smartphone.

4. Learnings and Experiences:

   • The author enjoyed the process of discovering new signals and learning how to build antennas.
   • Many experiments required multiple attempts, demonstrating the importance of persistence and creativity.

5. Future Aspirations:

   • The experience sparked an interest in obtaining an amateur radio license to transmit signals and explore more advanced radio activities.

Overall, the week was a fulfilling journey of exploration into the invisible world of radio waves, revealing the constant communication happening around us.

Summary: Algebraic Types Made Simple

Algebraic types might sound complicated, but they are actually straightforward concepts in programming that anyone familiar with basic algebra can understand. This article explains algebraic types in a way that’s accessible for everyday programmers.

1. Understanding Types:

   • Types can be viewed as sets of possible values. For example, the bool type has two values: true and false. The int type includes all integers, while the void type (or unit in OCaml) has a single value.

2. Algebraic Types:

   • Algebraic types are based on combining types mathematically, similar to elementary school algebra.
   • Product Types: When combining two types (like a pair of values), the result contains all combinations of values from both types. For example, a Pair class in Java can hold values from two different types.
   • Sum Types: These represent a value that can be one type or another. For instance, an operation that can return either an integer (success) or a string (error) is a sum type.

3. Practical Use:

   • Algebraic types simplify programming and can prevent errors. For example, they make it easier to handle cases like optional values (e.g., Some or None in OCaml) or results that can either succeed or fail.
   • The article provides a practical example by showing how to create an interpreter for arithmetic expressions using algebraic types, demonstrating how they improve clarity and reduce complexity compared to traditional object-oriented approaches.

4. Conclusion:

   • Product and sum types are essential for modeling real-world data in programming. They help create clearer and more maintainable code by reducing unnecessary complexity.

Two and a half years ago, I began a long-term experiment with the game DOOM. I noticed that a variable tracking the demo continued to increase and could eventually overflow, potentially crashing the game. I estimated that it would take about 2.5 years for this overflow to happen.

To test it, I set up DOOM on a small handheld device powered by a homemade battery backup connected to my router. I ran the game and mostly forgot about it.

Recently, I checked the device and found that the game had crashed just hours after the 2.5-year mark, confirming that the variable overflowed and caused the expected crash.

Murex is a modern command line shell designed to be user-friendly and efficient. Here are the key features:

• Content Aware: Murex supports various data formats like JSON, YAML, and CSV, making it easy to work with different types of data seamlessly.

• Smart Expressions: It improves how variables and expressions are handled, reducing errors related to syntax and spaces, which leads to more reliable scripts.

• Interactive and Intuitive: The shell provides helpful command line hints from resources like man pages and AI, making navigation quicker and easier.

• Easily Extendable: Murex has a built-in package manager that allows users to share configurations and import modules easily, making it simple to set up on different machines.

To get started, you can read the language tour or use the Rosetta Stone guide for quick references, especially if you're familiar with Bash. Murex can be installed using package managers on different operating systems, including macOS, Arch Linux, and FreeBSD.

The text discusses Xerox and its historical significance in the development of photocopying technology, particularly xerography. Key points include:

1. Xerox's Legacy: Xerox was the first company to introduce plain paper copiers, originally using a process called electro-photography, later known as xerography.

2. Website Purpose: A website dedicated to preserving Xerox's history showcases its early copiers and their impact on the industry.

3. Historical Archives: The site includes a virtual tour of the Xerox Historical Archives and features Xerox memorabilia.

4. Product Information: Sections on specific Xerox products, such as the Xerox System 123 and various models like the Xerox 2202 and 3100LDC/3103, are available.

5. Research Centers: Information on Xerox research facilities around the world is highlighted.

6. Community Engagement: There is a feature allowing current or former Xerox employees to map their office locations.

7. Old Commercials and Brochures: The site offers access to old Xerox commercials and seeks contributions of brochures and images from the public.

Overall, the website serves as a tribute to Xerox's pioneering role in photocopying and invites visitors to explore its rich history.

Summary of the ASUS Gaming Laptop ACPI Firmware Bug Investigation

Overview
Many users of high-end ASUS ROG gaming laptops, such as the Strix, Scar, and Zephyrus, are experiencing frustrating performance issues like stuttering during basic tasks, audio crackling, and cursor freezing. Despite trying common fixes like driver updates and system reinstalls, the problems persist, indicating a deeper issue in the laptop's firmware (BIOS).

Key Findings

1. Latency Issues: Tools like LatencyMon show that the ACPI.sys driver is responsible for significant delays in processing real-time audio and other tasks, with latency spikes observed every 30 to 60 seconds.

2. Firmware Problems: The root cause lies in the laptop's ACPI firmware, which contains inefficient code that improperly manages GPU power states. This leads to unnecessary power cycling of the GPU, especially when in Ultimate Mode (MUX mode), where the NVIDIA GPU should be the only active graphics processor.

3. Flawed Logic: The firmware fails to check the GPU mode before sending power commands, causing conflicts. When the system tries to power down the active GPU, it can lead to system crashes (BSOD) if the GPU is cut off while still in use.

4. Inconsistent Behavior: The firmware’s design is inconsistent, leading to periodic latency and performance degradation across various ASUS models. User reports indicate these issues have been ongoing since at least 2021, affecting multiple laptop generations.

5. Lack of Response: As of now, ASUS has not addressed these documented firmware issues despite numerous user complaints and evidence from investigations.

Conclusion
The investigation reveals systematic flaws in ASUS’s firmware design that cause significant performance issues in their gaming laptops. Until a firmware fix is released, users will continue to suffer from these frustrating problems.

The article discusses ongoing security concerns related to Microsoft and its ownership of the NPM package manager. The author argues that Microsoft has become a "bad actor" in software development, creating significant risks due to their negligence, particularly in the context of supply chain attacks that exploit NPM.

Key points include:

1. Historical Context: The author reflects on Microsoft’s past issues with Internet Explorer, highlighting how its security flaws have persisted over the years and contributed to a dangerous software ecosystem.

2. NPM Vulnerabilities: NPM has become a popular target for malware, with attacks evolving from stealing cryptocurrency to compromising sensitive information like access tokens.

3. Lack of Progress: Despite the growth of the JavaScript ecosystem and Microsoft's acquisition of GitHub and NPM, there have been insufficient improvements in security measures. The author expresses frustration with the absence of signed dependencies and other protective features.

4. Call for Industry Action: The author emphasizes the need for a collective effort to enhance the security of the software supply chain, warning that without it, vulnerabilities will continue to be exploited, posing risks to privacy and security.

5. Urgent Reflection: Companies are encouraged to reevaluate the tools they use for software development and consider the security implications for their operations and stakeholders.

Overall, the article calls for greater accountability and security in software development, particularly regarding tools provided by large corporations like Microsoft.

The text provides a code snippet related to the Magento platform, specifically focusing on a component for displaying messages in the user interface. It also includes CSS rules for styling the website's header and language switcher, adjusting layouts and elements for different screen sizes. Key styles include padding adjustments and button designs for improved user interaction on both desktop and mobile views.

No summary available.

AMD has announced that it will discontinue the AMDVLK open-source project to focus on a single Vulkan driver, the RADV driver, for Radeon graphics cards. This decision aims to streamline development and enhance support for the open-source community. Developers and users are encouraged to use and contribute to the RADV driver, which will benefit from the combined efforts of the community. This change is seen as a move to allocate more resources towards RADV, ensuring its future development and success.

No summary available.

The article discusses the author's exploration of using the z3 theorem prover, particularly in Rust, to solve various mathematical and real-world problems. Here are the key points:

1. Introduction to z3: The author recently became interested in z3, a tool for solving constraint problems, after finding it more approachable. They have only begun learning and have worked on simple problems like the change counter.

2. What are Solvers?: Solvers are tools that take rules and constraints to find solutions. They are useful for problems like scheduling and resource allocation, where constraints can be complex and changing.

3. Terminology: The author notes that z3 documentation uses technical terms that can be confusing. For example, "Sort" refers to types, and "constants" in z3 can act like variables or fixed values depending on context.

4. Basic Examples: The article includes simple examples of using z3 to solve equations. It demonstrates how to define variables, assert equations, and retrieve solutions in Rust.

5. Complex Problems: Moving to more complex examples, such as solving systems of equations and optimization problems (like the Coin Change problem), the author shows how to structure these problems in z3.

6. Multiple Solutions: The author explains how to find multiple solutions to equations and demonstrates using z3 to solve a circle equation, leading to various coordinate pairs.

7. Sudoku and Layout Problems: The article also discusses tackling a Sudoku puzzle and a page layout problem using z3, emphasizing how to set up constraints for these types of problems.

8. Limitations and Challenges: While z3 is powerful, it has limitations, such as not solving certain types of equations or calling external functions. The author acknowledges that understanding how to model problems in z3 is a significant challenge.

Overall, the article is a beginner's guide to using z3 for solving mathematical problems and practical applications, emphasizing the importance of understanding constraints and how to express them effectively.

Waymo is launching fully autonomous ride-hailing services in Nashville in 2026, in partnership with Lyft. Riders will be able to request rides using the Waymo app, and eventually, they will also be able to use the Lyft app to connect with Waymo vehicles.

No summary available.

Summary of Outage Incident Review (July 30, 2025)

On July 29, 2025, the DataTables.net website experienced a major outage due to a domain hijacking attack. This affected the main site, support forum, and the DataTables CDN, which is crucial for users accessing the software.

Key Points:

1. Attack Method: The attacker took control of the domain by tricking the registrar into transferring it to their account using social engineering techniques, including fake identification and a crafted email that resembled the owner's.

2. Response Timeline:

   • The domain was hijacked at 02:57 when the name servers were changed.
   • The owner became aware of the issue by 07:10 and contacted the registrar by 07:21.
   • A mirror domain was quickly set up to mitigate the impact, and by 13:11, the original domain was restored.

3. CDN Importance: The DataTables CDN is widely used for accessing the library's resources. The outage significantly disrupted access, affecting many users and developers.

4. Safety of User Data: Despite the takeover, user account information remained secure, as there was no breach of the DataTables server.

5. Future Actions: The owner has implemented several security measures, including prioritizing registrar communications and enhancing monitoring of domain activities. Users are advised to use sub-resource integrity for external resources and be cautious of unusual email activity.

6. Community Support: The owner expressed gratitude to the registrar for their help and acknowledged the understanding shown by the DataTables community during the incident.

The review emphasizes the importance of online security and the need for vigilance against such attacks.

No summary available.

In the October 1932 article "In Praise of Idleness" by Bertrand Russell, the author argues that society places too much value on work, which he believes is harmful. He recalls being raised with the idea that idleness leads to mischief but has since changed his view. Russell contends that having more leisure time would benefit everyone and that the belief in the virtue of hard work is outdated and rooted in past systems of oppression.

He challenges the notion that working hard is necessary for economic stability, explaining that spending money creates jobs and that saving can be detrimental if it leads to idle resources. He points out that modern technology allows for reduced working hours while still meeting everyone’s needs.

Russell emphasizes that the traditional view of work is not aligned with the realities of contemporary life, arguing that people should not be expected to work excessively when many aspects of life can be improved with less work. He suggests that if workers had more leisure time, they would be happier and more engaged in meaningful activities. Ultimately, he calls for a re-evaluation of the work ethic, advocating for a society that embraces leisure as a right rather than a privilege.

The author shares their experience with four Samsung 870 QVO 4TB SATA SSDs after four years of use, primarily in a home server. They chose these SSDs to avoid the noise of hard drives and benefit from faster speeds and lower power consumption.

Key points include:

• The drives, manufactured in 2021, have performed well, maintaining expected speeds even during heavy writing tasks.
• One drive reported 4 bad blocks, but overall, the drives show a healthy lifespan with 94% remaining and over 170 TB of data written, well below the endurance limit.
• Prices have decreased from around 400 EUR to about 270 EUR, but not as much as anticipated. Comparatively, other 4TB SSDs start at 190-200 EUR, though their performance under heavy use might not match the Samsung drives.

The author also offers detailed information about the drives' performance for those interested.

On September 12, 2025, the author discusses CubeSats, small satellites powered by Raspberry Pis or microcontrollers. The post highlights the growing trend of using these devices in space, mentioning existing projects like Mark Rober's SatGus and upcoming launches, including SilverSat.

Key points include:

• Definition of CubeSats: CubeSats are cube-shaped satellites, typically measuring 10x10x10 centimeters (1U). They can be larger, like SatGus, which is 12U. They are designed to be compact and efficient, using custom parts and innovative deployment methods, such as flexible antennas.

• Cost and Accessibility: Building and launching CubeSats is much cheaper than traditional satellites; costs can be in the thousands rather than millions.

• Building CubeSats: The process involves significant challenges, such as managing power and space constraints. The author notes projects like Build a CubeSat and the CubeSat T.E.M.P.E.S.T. that teach important lessons about security and functionality.

• Educational Kits: The post mentions two educational CubeSat kits: MySat and RASCube, aimed at teaching students about space and electronics.

• Upcoming Launches: SilverSat, a CubeSat with a Raspberry Pi, is launching soon, and the students involved have faced delays but learned valuable lessons along the way.

• Satellite Tracking: The author encourages readers to learn how to track satellites, including CubeSats, using affordable equipment.

Overall, the article conveys a sense of enthusiasm for learning and sharing knowledge about CubeSats and space technology.

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This tutorial by the iximiuz Labs team explains how to build a Docker-like container from scratch using standard Linux tools. Key points include:

1. Container Filesystem Isolation: Containers have an isolated filesystem that appears as a complete Linux distribution, even if the host system is different. This isolation is achieved through the use of mount namespaces.

2. Building a Container: The tutorial demonstrates creating a minimal container by utilizing commands like unshare, mount, and pivot_root. These commands allow you to create an isolated environment that mimics a container without relying on Docker.

3. Namespaces: Different namespaces (mount, PID, cgroup, UTS, network) are crucial for container functionality. The mount namespace specifically isolates filesystem views between the host and the container.

4. Mount Propagation: This concept explains how changes in one mount namespace can be reflected in others. Understanding mount propagation is essential for effectively managing filesystem changes within containers.

5. Creating a Root Filesystem: The tutorial outlines the steps to prepare a container's root filesystem, including populating essential directories like /proc, /dev, and /sys, which are necessary for the container's operation.

6. Hardened Filesystems: Real-world containers often include security measures like making parts of the /proc filesystem read-only and masking sensitive paths to enhance security.

7. Final Steps: The tutorial concludes with instructions on setting up the container's hostname, executing applications within the container, and sharing files between the host and the container.

Overall, the tutorial provides a comprehensive guide for understanding and creating containers at a fundamental level using basic Linux commands, enhancing your knowledge of container technology.

No summary available.

Summary of "In Defense of C++"

C++ is a powerful and relevant programming language despite criticisms about its complexity, safety, and readability.

1. Reputation of C++: While C++ is often seen as complex and difficult to learn, it allows developers to write simple and maintainable code without needing to master all its advanced features. The best approach often depends on personal or team preference rather than a single correct method.

2. Not Outdated: Although C++ was created in 1985, it has continuously evolved, with recent updates (C++20 and C++23) adding modern features. It remains widely used in various applications, from games to embedded systems.

3. Safety Concerns: C++ can be less safe than newer languages like Rust, but this is largely due to user error rather than inherent flaws in the language. With proper practices, such as using smart pointers, C++ code can be made safer.

4. Readability: C++ can be written in a clear and understandable manner. Developers can choose to avoid advanced features unless necessary, making it accessible to those who prefer simplicity.

5. Ecosystem Complexity: C++ has a rich ecosystem of libraries, which can be overwhelming. However, using the standard library and researching well-maintained tools can make development easier.

6. Beginners and Learning Curve: Programming is inherently challenging, and while C++ may not be the easiest language to start with, it offers valuable insights into programming concepts that other languages may obscure.

7. C++ vs Rust: Both languages have their strengths. Rust offers memory safety, while C++ has a long-established ecosystem. Many developers use both languages together, choosing the best for specific projects.

In conclusion, C++ remains a vital and versatile language in the tech industry, continuously adapting and thriving in various domains.

Summary of iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5 Security Update

• Release Date: September 15, 2025.
• Devices Supported: iPhone 6s, iPhone 7, iPhone SE (1st gen), iPad Air 2, iPad mini (4th gen), and iPod touch (7th gen).
• Key Issue: A vulnerability in ImageIO could allow a malicious image file to cause memory corruption. This flaw may have been used in sophisticated attacks against specific individuals.
• Fix: The issue was resolved by improving bounds checking in the software.
• CVE Identifier: CVE-2025-43300.

Apple does not discuss security issues until they have been investigated and fixed. More details can be found on the Apple security releases page.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Meta has leaked a video of its upcoming Monocular AR glasses, expected to be revealed at the Meta Connect event on September 17, 2025. The glasses, codenamed Hypernova and likely to be named Celest, are anticipated to retail for around $800.

The leaked video shows features consistent with Lumus waveguides, which are also used in Rivet's AR glasses. These waveguides enhance the display's pupil expansion, making them appear more visible in the video than in real life.

The author will attend the Meta Connect keynote and hopes to see the Lumus technology in action. Additionally, there is an upcoming MicroLED and AR/VR Connect conference in Eindhoven, Netherlands, from September 23-25, where the author will speak. Attendees can use a discount code for reduced registration fees.

No summary available.

Rowboat is an AI-assisted integrated development environment (IDE) created by Arjun, Ramnique, and Akhilesh. It helps users build and manage multi-agent systems with an AI copilot. Users can create automation agents, like email summarizers, or more complex systems, such as meeting preparation or customer support bots.

Key features of Rowboat include:

• Open-source access with a growing community.
• A major update with a cloud version that allows instant use without setup.
• Built-in integrations with many tools like Gmail, GitHub, and Slack.
• A free starter plan, and paid plans beginning at $20/month for additional features and models.

Rowboat emphasizes the benefits of multi-agent systems for tasks that require handling multiple domains, improving accuracy, and avoiding confusion. The platform supports various agent types and workflows, allowing users to delegate tasks effectively. Its copilot, named Skipper, helps users design these systems and improve them based on usage.

Overall, Rowboat focuses on making the creation of sophisticated agentic systems easier while avoiding overly complicated interfaces. The founders are eager to receive feedback on their product.

Summary: "Your" vs "My" in User Interfaces

When designing user interfaces, it's important to choose the right terms when referring to user accounts and items. The question is whether to use "My" or "Your."

• Using just the term (e.g., "Account," "Orders," "Cases") is often sufficient, as seen on platforms like Amazon.
• However, if a system includes items belonging to multiple users, using "My" can lead to confusion. For example, saying "Go to my cases" can mislead users, making them think you mean your own cases instead of theirs.
• In contrast, using "Your" is clearer: saying "Go to your cases" avoids ambiguity since it directly addresses the user.

The guidance is simple:

• Use "your" when addressing the user.
• Use "my" when the user is communicating back to the system.

This approach has proven effective in user research and makes for a smoother user experience.

OpenAI has acknowledged that its AI models often generate incorrect answers, known as "hallucinations." This issue arises because the models are trained to provide answers even when they don't know them, which is more satisfying for users than admitting ignorance. In a recent paper, researchers highlighted that the evaluation methods for these models tend to reward guesswork rather than accuracy.

For example, when asked about the birthday of a researcher, the AI provided three wrong answers instead of saying it didn't know. The training process favors models that make guesses because they score better on tests, even if those guesses are incorrect. The authors suggest that most evaluations encourage this behavior, and they recommend adjusting these evaluations to reward expressing uncertainty instead.

The paper concludes that while it is impossible to eliminate all errors from training data, modifying how models are trained could help reduce the frequency of hallucinations. OpenAI is reportedly trying to implement these changes in its latest model, ChatGPT-5, but users may still encounter inaccuracies.

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The article discusses the challenges of job searching and the emotional burnout that can occur during the process. The author identifies three phases of burnout that many job seekers experience:

1. Phase I: The Obvious but Impossible Search - After months of applying for jobs that match your qualifications but receiving little to no response, job seekers feel exhausted and discouraged. What once seemed like a clear path now feels daunting.

2. Phase II: The Adjacent-to-Impossible Search - Seeking jobs that are slightly outside your previous role or industry can sometimes yield results. However, this phase can also lead to further disappointment and burnout if these jobs don’t pan out.

3. Phase III: Weird Search - When traditional job searching fails, some may explore unconventional paths, like starting a business or going back to school. This phase can feel like giving up, but it may also lead to new opportunities.

The article emphasizes that many people experience unemployment, and it can be a difficult time filled with fear and uncertainty. However, most people eventually find new jobs and rebuild their lives. The author encourages job seekers to focus on their resilience and to take necessary breaks when feeling burnt out. Rest is important for mental recovery and can lead to fresh perspectives and ideas.

In summary, the key points are:

• Job searching can lead to three phases of burnout: obvious search, adjacent search, and weird search.
• Unemployment is common and struggles are shared by many.
• It’s essential to take breaks and rest to recharge and explore new possibilities.

No summary available.

Google is launching a new experimental app for Windows that makes searching easier and faster. You can search without leaving your current window by pressing Alt + Space. This lets you find information from your computer, apps, Google Drive, and the web without interruption. The app includes Google Lens, which allows you to search for text or images on your screen, making tasks like translation easier. It also features an AI Mode for more detailed responses and follow-up questions. Users can join the experiment through Labs.

No summary available.

David Scoville shares his harrowing experience of being scammed out of $130,000 due to a phone call that pretended to be from Google Support. On June 19, 2025, he received a call from someone claiming that a request was made to take over his Google account, using a fake death certificate to support their claim. The scammer sent a convincing email that made Scoville panic and ultimately led him to share a verification code, which allowed the scammer access to his Google account and, subsequently, his Coinbase account.

Within 40 minutes, the scammer transferred $80,000 worth of cryptocurrency, which is now valued at about $130,000. Scoville, who works in tech and understands security protocols, felt embarrassed for falling for the scam. He highlights two major failures on Google’s part: their email filters allowed spoofed emails from “@google.com” to reach his inbox, and the default cloud sync for Google Authenticator codes enabled the attacker to bypass his two-factor authentication.

Scoville urges readers to change their passwords, be cautious about sharing verification codes, reconsider enabling cloud sync for authenticator apps, and be skeptical of unknown calls. He stresses the importance of awareness to prevent similar scams, sharing his story to help others avoid the same fate.

Summary: Science’s Answers to Our Origins

The question of where we come from is one of the most profound and significant inquiries humans can make. For centuries, people relied on myths and untested beliefs to explain our origins, but science has now provided compelling, evidence-based answers.

1. Human Origins: Humans evolved from a long line of organisms over approximately four billion years. Our lineage includes various species such as Homo erectus and Neanderthals, all tracing back to single-celled organisms.

2. Life on Earth: The earliest evidence of life dates back about 3.8 billion years, with some indications that life could have existed even earlier. The exact process of how life began from non-living matter is still uncertain, but it involved the emergence of molecules capable of metabolism and replication.

3. Formation of the Solar System: Our Solar System is about 4.56 billion years old, formed from a molecular cloud that collapsed to create the Sun and the planets. The Earth, along with its elements essential for life, was created from the remains of previous stars.

4. Cosmic Origins: The Universe itself began with the Big Bang, which set the stage for the formation of stars and galaxies. The first stars, made of hydrogen and helium, generated the heavier elements needed for planets and life.

5. Continued Exploration: Although much has been discovered about our origins, gaps in knowledge remain, especially concerning conditions before the Big Bang and the nature of cosmic inflation.

In conclusion, while science has made great strides in explaining our biological, chemical, and cosmic origins, there are still many mysteries to explore.

The author expresses frustration over the disappearance of the 80×25 text console feature, which has been a standard on PCs for over 40 years. Modern Linux systems now use graphic modes for text consoles, leading to inconsistencies in console size, resolution, and font during booting. This makes it difficult to run software designed for the 80×25 console or to use older VGA monitors easily.

The traditional methods for setting the console resolution, like using the "vga=" option or GRUB settings, no longer work on systems using UEFI or non-x86 platforms. Although Linux supports 8×16 fonts, there isn't a straightforward way to set the console to the desired 720×400 resolution with the correct aspect ratio. The author feels that they may need to find an old machine to achieve the console experience they want.

No summary available.

Rob Pike shares the true story behind the creation of UTF-8, a character encoding developed by Ken Thompson in one night in 1992. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. Misconceptions about UTF-8: Many people mistakenly believe that IBM created UTF-8 and that Plan 9 (an operating system) was the first to implement it. Pike clarifies that this is incorrect.

2. The Creation Process: The design of UTF-8 happened spontaneously during a dinner conversation. Pike and Thompson were approached by an IBM team who wanted their input on a new encoding proposal. They realized they could create a better standard and quickly set out to do so.

3. Fast Implementation: After deciding to proceed, Ken Thompson developed the necessary coding within hours. By the following Monday, they had a functional version of Plan 9 using UTF-8, just in time for a vote by the X/Open committee.

4. Reasons for Their Design Choice: Pike points out that their design addressed specific needs that the IBM proposal did not meet, such as the ability to synchronize byte streams efficiently.

5. Acknowledgment: While they appreciate the X/Open and IBM teams for creating the opportunity for UTF-8's development, Pike insists that the credit for its design belongs to Thompson and himself.

Overall, Pike emphasizes the importance of correcting the historical record about UTF-8's origins and gives credit to Thompson for his role in its creation.

The IINA plugin system, available since version 1.4.0, allows users to enhance the app’s features using JavaScript. Key functionalities include controlling video playback, accessing the mpv API, and integrating custom UI elements.

With just a few lines of code, you can create tailored features. The Official User Scripts plugin enables easy use of code snippets without the need for complex plugin setups.

Key capabilities of the plugin system include:

• Playback Control: Manage video playback and status.
• API Access: Utilize the mpv API for advanced controls.
• Event Handling: Register and manage event listeners.
• HTTP Requests: Make network requests.
• Playlist Management: Control playlists and add custom options.
• Subtitle Support: Integrate custom subtitle downloaders.
• Custom Menus: Add menu items and shortcuts.
• Overlay Content: Display web-based content over videos.
• File Access: Read/write user files.
• Preferences: Store user settings.
• Debugging: Print logs for troubleshooting.

To start building plugins, you can use the included command line tool and refer to the comprehensive documentation available at docs.iina.io. TypeScript definitions for the plugin API are also provided.

For additional support, you can contact the developers at [email protected] or check out the source code on GitHub.

After years of not using Rust beyond basic projects, the author has created a PSX-style game renderer using Rust and SDL2 for windowing, input, and audio. The rendering includes true color 3D graphics, with a resolution of 320x180. The author has implemented physics and loading of TGA and OBJ files, achieving good performance: 200-500 FPS on a 2011 i5 laptop and about 40-50 FPS on a Raspberry Pi 3B+.

The development is single-threaded without using advanced optimizations like SIMD. The author appreciates Rust's syntax for its clarity and productivity, despite finding some idiomatic code difficult to read. They have built all code from scratch and enjoy Rust's ecosystem and tooling, making deployment easy. The game can be tried on itch.io, and the author created all the assets for it themselves. Development tools used include Geany, Notepad++, Blender, Gimp, and REAPER.

The article discusses the robustness of implicit versus explicit ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers, challenging the common belief that implicit methods are always superior.

Key Points:

1. Common Belief: Many believe that if explicit methods (like Runge-Kutta) fail, switching to implicit methods will generally provide better stability and results.

2. Understanding Stability: Implicit methods are thought to be more stable since they solve equations that can handle stiff problems better. However, this is not universally true for all situations.

3. Linear ODEs as a Benchmark: The article uses the simple linear ODE ( u' = \lambda u ) to explore solver behavior. It shows that implicit solvers can avoid extreme errors when ( \lambda ) is negative, while explicit methods can lead to uncontrolled growth or oscillations.

4. Robustness in Practice: Implicit methods tend to dampen oscillations, which can be beneficial for many problems. However, if the system naturally oscillates (like a harmonic oscillator), implicit methods may provide incorrect results by damping these oscillations.

5. Different Domains, Different Needs: The choice between implicit and explicit methods should depend on the specific problem being solved. For example, explicit methods may be preferred for hyperbolic PDEs (fluid dynamics) where conservation is critical.

6. Conclusion: No single ODE solver is the best; the choice depends on the problem context. Users should be cautious about blindly favoring implicit methods and should consider the characteristics of their specific models.

Overall, the article emphasizes understanding the nature of the problem and the behavior of different numerical methods to choose the appropriate ODE solver.

Summary of "The Linux Process Journey 6.0" by Dr. Shlomi Boutnaru

This document serves as an introduction to Linux processes, focusing on their roles and tasks. It aims to enhance understanding of operating system internals through short, digestible sections called "Process ID Cards."

Key Points:

1. Importance of Understanding Processes: The author emphasizes the need to learn about default processes in Linux to grasp OS functionality better.

2. Swapper (PID 0): Historically, this process was responsible for managing memory swapping. In modern Linux, it acts as an idle process to ensure CPUs have something to execute when not active.

3. Init (PID 1): This is the first user-mode process that manages system services. Different versions of init (like systemd and SysVinit) have distinct roles in system management.

4. Kernel Threads: These run in kernel mode and have more privileges than user-mode processes. All kernel threads derive from a primary thread called kthreadd.

5. Kthreadd (PID 2): This is the kernel thread daemon that creates and manages all other kernel threads, facilitating background operations in the system.

6. Migration: Linux includes a migration kernel thread on each virtual CPU to balance workloads. This thread helps move tasks between CPUs to optimize performance and resource use.

The document encourages further exploration of Linux processes and invites readers to follow the author's work for more insights.

Wait4X Summary

Wait4X is a lightweight tool designed to check if services (like databases and APIs) are ready before proceeding with applications or scripts. It's useful in various scenarios, including CI/CD pipelines, container orchestration, deployments, and local development.

Key Features:

• Multi-Protocol Support: Works with TCP, HTTP, DNS, and more.
• Service Integrations: Compatible with popular services like Redis, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Kafka, and RabbitMQ.
• Parallel and Reverse Checking: Check multiple services at once or wait for resources to become available.
• Exponential Backoff: Automatically adjusts retry intervals for efficiency.
• Cross-Platform: Available as a single binary for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Installation:

• Docker: Pull and run the Docker image.
• Package Managers: Install via Homebrew (macOS), Alpine, Arch Linux, NixOS, or Scoop (Windows).
• Binary Download: Download the correct version for your OS from its GitHub releases page.
• Go Installation: Install using Go for easy integration in Go projects.

Quick Start:

Simple commands allow you to check the readiness of services:

• Wait for a TCP port: wait4x tcp localhost:3306
• HTTP health check: wait4x http https://example.com/health --expect-status-code 200
• Check multiple services: wait4x tcp 127.0.0.1:5432 127.0.0.1:6379

Advanced Features:

• Timeout & Retry Control: Customize how long to wait and how often to check.
• Command Execution: Run specific commands after a successful check.
• Parallel Checking: Monitor multiple services simultaneously.

Community and Support:

Contributions are welcome, and users can report bugs or request features through GitHub. The project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0.

For more details and commands, users can refer to the built-in help command.

No summary available.

The article discusses an interesting project where the author explores the idea of hosting a web server on a disposable vape device.

Key Points:

1. Background: The author collects disposable vapes and salvages their components, particularly the microcontrollers. Recently, they discovered advanced microcontrollers in some vapes, specifically the PUYA C642F15, which is capable of running a web server.

2. Microcontroller Specs: The PY32F002B microcontroller has a 24MHz Cortex M0+, 24KB of flash storage, and 3KB of RAM. Although the specs seem low, the author sees potential for a functioning web server.

3. Getting Online: Using a method called semihosting, the author connects the vape's microcontroller to a computer, allowing it to send and receive data. They utilize a protocol called SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) to establish a connection.

4. Web Server Setup: The author chose the uIP TCP/IP stack for its small size and ease of use. After some modifications to improve performance, they successfully got a basic web server running on the vape.

5. Performance: Initially, the server was slow, with high latency. However, after optimizing how data was handled (using a ring buffer for caching), the performance improved significantly, achieving pings of 20ms and loading times of about 160ms for pages.

6. Capabilities: The device can host not just static pages but also run server-side code, allowing for the creation of a simple API.

In summary, the article showcases a creative use of technology by transforming a disposable vape into a functional web server, demonstrating resourcefulness and innovation in using low-power microcontrollers.

Apple has introduced a feature called iPhone Mirroring for Mac users, allowing them to interact with their iPhone through macOS Sequoia. However, this feature is not available for users in the European Union (EU).

At the recent WWDC 25 conference, Apple explained that it is blocking this feature in the EU due to concerns over potential regulatory changes. The EU's Digital Market Act (DMA) has already required Apple to make some adjustments, such as allowing alternative app stores. Apple worries that the EU might eventually regulate macOS as well, which could force them to adapt their software to support Android phones alongside iPhones.

Because of this uncertainty, Apple is also not planning to release other features like iPhone Live Activities and its Phone app in the EU. The company believes that excessive regulation is hindering its innovation and feels that while some changes under the DMA are positive, the lack of features like iPhone Mirroring is unfortunate for EU users.

The website provides information on the MELP and MELPe vocoders, which are standards for speech coding used primarily in military and secure communications.

Key Points:

1. MELP and MELPe Overview:

   • MELP (Mixed-Excitation Linear Prediction) is a speech coding standard by the U.S. Department of Defense, first standardized in 1997.
   • MELPe is an enhanced version that operates at lower bit rates (1200 and 600 bps) while maintaining quality.

2. History:

   • MELP was developed in the 1990s and outperformed other candidates in military tests, leading to its adoption as MIL-STD-3005.
   • The enhanced MELPe was developed between 1998 and 2001 and adopted in 2001, offering better quality at lower bit rates.

3. NATO Standardization:

   • In 2002, MELPe was adopted as NATO's standard (STANAG-4591) after rigorous testing against other codecs. It showed superior speech quality and noise immunity.

4. Performance Testing:

   • Extensive testing demonstrated that MELPe outperformed older military standards in various noisy environments.

5. Technical Specifications:

   • MELPe operates at three rates: 2400 bps, 1200 bps, and 600 bps, with specific encoding and frame sizes for each rate.

6. Applications:

   • MELPe is used in secure radios, VoIP, and mobile communications. It requires expertise to handle transmission errors.

7. Intellectual Property:

   • The MELPe vocoder technology is subject to licensing by several companies, including Texas Instruments and Microsoft.

8. Secure Communication Protocols:

   • MELPe is used in secure voice communications protocols like SCIP and TSVCIS, ensuring interoperability and scalability for secure military communications.

Overall, the MELP and MELPe vocoders represent significant advancements in secure speech coding for military applications, ensuring high-quality communication even in challenging environments.

Radia, a company based in Boulder, Colorado, is developing an enormous aircraft called WindRunner, which will be longer than a football field. Expected to be completed by 2030, this airplane is designed to transport massive wind turbine blades that are too large to be moved by road due to transportation restrictions. Currently, onshore wind turbine blades can only be about 70 meters long because of limitations related to highway overpasses and road curves.

WindRunner will be able to carry blades up to 105 meters long, allowing for the installation of larger wind turbines that can produce more energy. As larger turbines generate power more efficiently, Radia believes that flying these blades will significantly enhance wind energy production.

The aircraft will have unique features, such as the ability to land on rough terrain near wind farms and a design optimized for carrying large cargo. It will use four powerful jet engines for short takeoffs and will be able to decelerate quickly upon landing.

While some experts question the practicality and carbon footprint of this ambitious project, Radia argues that the increased clean energy produced by larger wind turbines will offset the emissions from the aircraft. The company is also forming partnerships with wind turbine manufacturers to support the development of new wind farms.

Despite potential challenges, including political obstacles, Radia is committed to making WindRunner a reality, emphasizing the importance of scaling up wind energy production to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Summary of Devenv 1.9: Scaling Nix Projects with Modules and Profiles

Devenv 1.9 introduces profiles, which help organize and activate specific parts of a development environment based on team preferences. While default settings are provided, teams can create customized modules in a central repository to standardize their development practices.

Key Features:

1. Custom Modules: Teams can define their own best practices for programming languages and services, allowing for a tailored environment.

2. Profiles: After setting up a team module, you can use it in new projects. Profiles allow you to enable or disable components based on project needs. For example, you can activate Rust for backend development and JavaScript for frontend development.

3. User and Hostname Profiles: Profiles can automatically activate based on the user's name or the machine's hostname, providing fine-grained control over development environments.

4. Profile Priorities: When multiple profiles are applied, there is a clear priority system that resolves conflicts. Base configurations are applied first, followed by hostname profiles, user profiles, and any manual flags.

5. Container Building: You can now build Linux containers on macOS by configuring a Linux builder, with plans for further simplification in future updates.

Getting Started: New users can refer to the getting started guide and profiles documentation for full examples, and can join the devenv Discord community for support and sharing experiences.

The author has created a simple time-sharing operating system kernel for the RISC-V architecture, aiming to help students and those interested in low-level system software understand key concepts like drivers and system calls. This project uses modern tools and the Zig programming language, which simplifies setup and avoids complex installation processes often involved with C programming.

Key points:

• Target Audience: The project is designed for students and anyone interested in understanding operating systems and computer architecture.
• RISC-V Architecture: This architecture is chosen because it’s easier to learn compared to others and is increasingly popular for various systems.
• Unikernel Concept: The system combines user application code and the OS kernel into a single executable, simplifying deployment.
• Kernel Features: It supports statically defined threads, time-sliced execution, and user mode interactions with the kernel.
• Thread Virtualization: Each thread has its own stack and register view, allowing them to run seemingly independently on a single core.
• Interrupt Handling: The kernel uses interrupt routines to manage time-sharing between threads, ensuring seamless transitions.
• Implementation: The code is available on GitHub and includes detailed explanations of various components, such as assembly startup, I/O drivers, and thread management.

The kernel runs on a virtual machine (QEMU) and can be compiled easily. The project is described as educational, with a focus on exploring operating system concepts rather than providing a fully-fledged application. The author encourages readers to follow their work for updates.

The text is about a login and registration process for a website.

• Users can log in using their email/username and password.
• There are options to create a free account or recover a forgotten password.
• During registration, users must provide their email, username, password, and confirm their password.
• They have to agree to the terms of use and privacy policy.
• There is an option to subscribe to a newsletter, with an assurance that unsubscribing is easy.

Buttons available include "Back" and "Register."

No summary available.

Researchers studying Arctic diatoms, a type of single-celled algae, discovered that these organisms are not dormant as previously thought, but are actually quite active even at temperatures as low as -15°C (5°F). This is the coldest recorded movement for a eukaryotic cell. The diatoms glide over ice using a mucus-like substance and molecular motors similar to those in human muscles. This finding, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has important implications for understanding Arctic ecology, including the food chain and ice formation.

During a 45-day expedition in the Chukchi Sea, researchers collected ice samples and used advanced microscopes to observe the diatoms' movement. They found that these algae glide without moving their bodies, using a "mucilage rope" to propel themselves. The study highlights the ecological significance of diatoms in the Arctic, as they could play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and ice formation, especially in the context of climate change.

The lead researcher, Manu Prakash, emphasized the urgency of studying these organisms as Arctic environments face significant changes. The research was funded by various organizations, indicating its importance in the scientific community.

The Global Peace Index (GPI), created by the Institute for Economics and Peace, measures global peacefulness using data from 163 countries. It evaluates peace based on societal safety, ongoing conflict, and militarization.

Key findings from the 2025 GPI indicate a significant decline in global peace, with the lowest levels since the index began. There are currently 59 active state-based conflicts, the highest since World War II, resulting in 152,000 conflict-related deaths in 2024. The report highlights an increase in geopolitical tensions and a fragmentation of global power.

Trends from previous years show a consistent deterioration in global peace, with 97 countries declining in peacefulness in 2024. Conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine have been major contributors to this decline, with 162,000 deaths recorded in 2023. Economically, violence costs around $19.97 trillion, or 11.6% of global GDP.

Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, Austria, and Switzerland were identified as the most peaceful countries in 2025.

Shopify successfully migrated its two major apps, Shopify Mobile and Shopify Point of Sale (POS), to React Native's New Architecture while continuing to release updates weekly for millions of users. The migration was complex, requiring careful planning to avoid disrupting ongoing feature development.

Key Points:

• Migration Strategy: Shopify focused on minimal code changes initially, maintaining compatibility with both old and new architectures, and ensuring performance and stability matched or improved upon the previous version.
• Dual Architecture Testing: They used a tool called TopHat to test both versions simultaneously, allowing for quick identification of issues without halting development.
• Tech Issues Encountered: Common challenges included adapting to a new rendering model, managing native modules, and addressing performance concerns, particularly with animations.
• Gradual Rollout: A cautious rollout strategy was employed, starting with Android and gradually increasing to both platforms to monitor performance and stability.
• Positive Outcomes: The migration improved app launch times and reduced unnecessary re-renders, enhancing performance overall.
• Ongoing Challenges: Some performance issues and stability challenges arose during production, prompting ongoing collaboration with React Native maintainers to resolve these issues.

Recommendations for Others:

• Audit dependencies early and upgrade to the latest React Native version before migration.
• Keep changes minimal at first, focusing on bug fixes.
• Use phased rollouts to manage stability and performance risks.

Future Focus:

With the migration complete, Shopify plans to optimize further by adopting new features of the architecture and improving performance metrics, ensuring a better user experience for merchants. Shopify is committed to the continued success of React Native and values community collaboration in this development journey.

ByteDance has introduced its new AI image generation tool, Seedream 4.0, claiming it outperforms Google DeepMind's popular image editor, Nano Banana (Gemini 2.5 Flash Image). Seedream 4.0 reportedly excels in image generation and editing based on internal tests, showing better adherence to prompts and aesthetic quality. It combines features from ByteDance’s previous tools while maintaining the same price of $30 for 1,000 image generations. However, the comparison results have not been formally published.

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Cex.C Overview

Cex.C, pronounced "tsek-see," is an enhanced version of the C programming language designed to improve the development experience while maintaining compatibility with existing C tools. It offers small but significant modifications to the original C language.

Getting Started:

• Visit the official website at cex-c.org for documentation.
• To set up a project, create a directory and compile the header file using GCC or Clang.
• Use the cex command-line tool for project management, including commands for testing, configuration, and building applications.

Key Features:

• Cex.C is a single-header library that requires only a C compiler and the standard C library.
• It offers cross-platform support and a self-contained build system that simplifies project setup.
• New features include a modern memory management model, error handling with stack traces, and enhanced developer experience tools like unit testing and code generation.
• Cex.C aims to reduce dependencies by including necessary libraries as source code.

Usage:

• Cex.C provides various commands for project management, such as creating new projects, configuring settings, and running tests.
• It includes a simple but powerful standard library that features dynamic arrays, string handling, and command-line argument parsing.

Supported Platforms:

• Cex.C works with multiple compilers like GCC and Clang and is compatible with various operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and MacOS.

License:

• Cex.C is released under the MIT License, allowing free use and modification.

In summary, Cex.C is a modern take on the C programming language, focusing on improved development practices while remaining true to its roots.

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Researchers from KAUST have developed micro-LEDs that can generate random numbers at an impressive speed of 9.375 Gbit/s. This rapid random number generation is important for data security and complex computer simulations. Micro-LEDs are small, efficient, and cost-effective, making them suitable for integration into chips.

The new method takes advantage of intensity fluctuations from blue GaN micro-LEDs, which are more efficient than previous technologies that only generated up to a few hundred megabits per second. By using these fluctuations, the system can produce six bits of data per sampling cycle, compared to just two bits from earlier systems.

To ensure reliability, the generated numbers must pass rigorous randomness tests, and the micro-LEDs tested by the KAUST team met the standards set by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Future plans include creating 2D arrays of micro-LEDs for even faster generation rates and developing a fully integrated random number generator chip.

The paper titled "Generative AI as Seniority-Biased Technological Change: Evidence from U.S. Résumé and Job Posting Data" investigates how generative AI affects workers differently based on their seniority. The study analyzes data from nearly 62 million workers across 285,000 firms from 2015 to 2025.

Key findings include:

• Since the first quarter of 2023, employment for junior workers in firms that adopted generative AI has sharply declined compared to those that did not adopt AI.
• This decline is mainly due to slower hiring rates rather than increased layoffs.
• The retail and wholesale sectors are most impacted.
• Among different education levels, mid-tier graduates face the most significant job losses, while elite and low-tier graduates are less affected.

Overall, the research suggests that the introduction of generative AI may favor senior workers over junior ones in the labor market.

Eric, the CTO of Trigger.dev, introduces their platform for building and running AI agents and workflows. It's open-source and provides all the necessary tools to create, deploy, monitor, and debug production-grade agents. Developers can use it alongside other tools or choose to self-host or use Trigger.dev's cloud service.

The platform was started in 2023 to help developers run asynchronous tasks in TypeScript. They found many faced challenges with reliable coding and serverless timeouts, prompting them to develop their own serverless infrastructure. A key innovation allows them to pause and save the state of running code, enabling it to be restored on different servers.

Trigger.dev has gained popularity for its use in AI workflows, supporting tasks like video generation and real-time computing. Users can start using Trigger.dev via their cloud service or self-hosting options, and upcoming features include improved startup times and new execution methods.

They welcome feedback from the community.

No summary available.

Summary of "Hypervisor From Scratch" Tutorial

This tutorial teaches you how to create a hypervisor from the ground up. It consists of eight parts, each covering different aspects of hypervisor development:

1. Basic Concepts & Testing Environment
2. Entering VMX Operation
3. Setting Up Your First Virtual Machine
4. Address Translation with Extended Page Table (EPT)
5. Setting Up VMCS & Running Guest Code
6. Virtualizing an Already Running System
7. Using EPT & Page-Level Monitoring
8. Advanced Techniques with Hypervisors

For those interested in reverse engineering, the HyperDbg Debugger is recommended. A free tutorial on hypervisor-based reverse engineering is available at OpenSecurityTraining2 and YouTube.

The tutorial was revised in August 2022, with updated code and improved explanations. It is crucial to use the latest parts for practical applications to avoid errors, as older parts may not support recent changes in hypervisor technology.

To compile the project, you'll need to install Visual Studio and the Windows Driver Kit (WDK). The drivers have been tested on physical machines and in virtualization environments like VMware Workstation and Hyper-V.

The series was created by Sina Karvandi and Petr Beneš, with contributions from several others. It is licensed under the MIT license. For more information on hypervisors, you can check other related resources.

The review discusses Ayoush Lazikani's book "The Medieval Moon," which explores how people in the medieval world viewed the Moon with both fear and fascination. The Moon served as a source of inspiration for many, including the Japanese noblewoman Abutsu, who found solace in its presence during her difficult journey.

Lazikani's study highlights various cultural interpretations of the Moon across different regions, showing that it was seen as both a friendly figure and a troubling presence. Some poets described the Moon in whimsical terms, while others feared its coldness. The book includes intriguing stories, such as the legend of a Moon princess and medieval tales of Moon-dwellers.

The author aims to provide a broad perspective on lunar imagery in literature and religion, noting that while the Moon symbolized various concepts, it was often associated with both divine and earthly matters. Medieval people believed the Moon influenced human health and behavior, leading to practices like consulting lunar phases for medical treatments and agricultural activities.

Despite its academic structure, the book offers engaging insights into how the Moon captivated medieval minds, reflecting a deep connection to this celestial body that continues to inspire wonder today.

Summary:

React has become the default choice for frontend development, but this trend is stifling innovation in the ecosystem. Teams often choose React simply because it's familiar, rather than considering which framework best fits their needs. This mindset limits the adoption of newer frameworks like Svelte, Solid, and Qwik, which offer significant advantages in performance and efficiency.

1. React's Dominance: React is not winning due to technical superiority but because of its widespread use. This leads to a cycle where alternatives are overlooked despite their innovative features.

2. Limitations of React: The virtual DOM and Hooks introduce complexities that can hinder performance. React's architecture can lead to increased developer time spent on managing issues, rather than building value.

3. Underused Alternatives:

   • Svelte: Compiles code at build time, resulting in smaller bundles and faster load times, yet struggles with adoption.
   • Solid: Offers fine-grained reactivity, improving update efficiency, but lacks visibility.
   • Qwik: Uses resumability for instant startups, particularly for large sites, but is not widely adopted.

4. Barriers to Change: The network effect of React creates a situation where jobs and educational resources focus on React, discouraging exploration of alternatives.

5. Encouraging Diversity: To foster innovation, developers, companies, and educators should consciously choose frameworks based on their technical merits rather than defaulting to React.

6. Evaluation Checklist: When starting a new project, assess performance needs, team skills, long-term costs, and ecosystem fit to make informed choices.

7. The Need for Change: A diverse framework landscape is essential for a healthy development ecosystem. Choosing frameworks based on their suitability can lead to better outcomes and more resilient technology.

In conclusion, moving away from a React-by-default mindset is crucial for encouraging innovation and diversity in frontend development.

Summary of Token Exfiltration Campaign via GitHub Actions Workflows

Recently, there was an attack where hackers injected malicious code into GitHub Actions workflows to steal PyPI publishing tokens. However, PyPI itself was not compromised, and the attackers did not publish any packages. They targeted various repositories with PyPI tokens stored as GitHub secrets, modifying workflows to send these tokens to external servers. Although some tokens were stolen, they were not used on PyPI.

On September 5th, a GitGuardian employee discovered a malicious workflow in a project called fastuuid and reported it. Although the report initially went to the spam folder, the issue was addressed by September 10th. Affected tokens were invalidated, and project maintainers were notified to enhance their security. Many responded by reverting changes or rotating their tokens.

To protect against similar attacks, users of GitHub Actions for PyPI publishing should:

1. Use Trusted Publishers instead of long-lived tokens, as these provide better security with short-lived tokens.
2. Review their security history for suspicious activities in their accounts.

The response to this incident was supported by GitGuardian and the Python community. For further details, you can refer to GitGuardian's blog.

Summary of "The Ruliology of Lambdas"

What Are Lambdas?
Lambdas represent a fundamental concept in computation, often associated with the work of Alonzo Church in the 1930s. They are essentially "pure functions" that can take an argument and produce a value. In programming, especially in the Wolfram Language, lambdas are expressed using the keyword Function or the symbol λ.

Basic Computation with Lambdas
Lambdas can represent various computations, including numbers and operations. For example, integers can be represented using nested lambdas, known as "Church numerals." The operation of applying a lambda to an argument is called beta reduction, which simplifies the expression by substituting the argument into the lambda's body.

Key Operations

1. Beta Reduction: The main operation for evaluating lambdas, which replaces variables in the lambda's body with the provided arguments.
2. Alpha Conversion: Renaming variables to avoid confusion when multiple instances occur.
3. Eta Reduction: Simplifying expressions by eliminating unnecessary lambdas.

Evaluation Strategies
When evaluating lambdas, multiple paths can be taken, leading to a "multiway graph" of possible evaluations. However, a key property is that if the evaluation reaches a fixed point, it will always yield a unique result.

Representing Computations
Lambdas can represent various functions and operations, such as addition and multiplication, by defining them purely in terms of other lambdas. This allows for complex computations, including recursive functions like factorials.

Challenges with Lambdas
While lambdas can be elegant, they can also introduce complexities, particularly with variable management and the need for renaming during evaluations. The formal study of lambdas, known as lambda calculus, focuses on their equivalences and transformations.

Overall, the study of lambdas reveals deep connections to practical computing and abstract mathematical principles.

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