No summary available.

Cloudflare has launched a private beta for its new Email Service, which makes it easier for developers to send transactional emails directly from Cloudflare Workers. This service simplifies email management, allowing developers to integrate email functionality seamlessly into their applications.

Key points include:

1. Email Sending Made Easy: Developers can send emails by adding a simple binding in their code, streamlining the process of user communication, such as signup confirmations and notifications.

2. Focus on Deliverability: The service ensures that emails reach users' inboxes quickly and reliably by automatically configuring DNS records, enhancing trust with email providers.

3. Integration with Development Workflow: Cloudflare Email Service fits naturally into existing development processes, allowing developers to manage email sending and receiving without the hassle of API keys.

4. End-to-End Solution: The service combines email sending with email routing, enabling applications to handle incoming emails and trigger actions, like creating support tickets or processing invoices.

5. Observability and Debugging: Developers can track email delivery status and troubleshoot issues when users report missing emails.

6. Future Plans: The Email Service will be available in private beta in November, with a waitlist for interested developers. Pricing details will be shared later, but sending emails will require a paid Workers subscription.

Overall, Cloudflare's Email Service aims to enhance user experience by providing a reliable and easy-to-use email solution for developers.

Microsoft has stopped the Israeli military's Unit 8200 from using its technology for mass surveillance of Palestinians, following a Guardian investigation that revealed the unit was collecting millions of civilian phone calls in Gaza and the West Bank. Microsoft found that Unit 8200 had violated its terms of service by storing surveillance data on its Azure cloud platform.

The investigation showed that Unit 8200 had built a large system to collect and analyze phone calls, amassing about 8,000 terabytes of data. Microsoft’s decision to cut off access came amid pressure from employees and investors concerned about the company's involvement in Israel's military actions, which have resulted in significant civilian casualties in Gaza.

Microsoft's president stated they do not provide technology for mass civilian surveillance, and they have suspended certain AI and cloud services used by Unit 8200. While this decision has not affected Microsoft's overall business relationship with the Israeli military, it raises questions about the security of sensitive military data stored with third-party cloud services.

The Guardian's reporting has led to increased scrutiny of technology companies' roles in military operations and human rights violations.

A recent study found that death rates in emergency rooms at hospitals owned by private equity firms increased by 13% compared to similar hospitals not owned by these firms. The researchers attribute this rise in deaths primarily to reduced staffing levels after the acquisitions. Specifically, the number of full-time employees at private equity-owned hospitals dropped by an average of 11.6%, and salary expenses in emergency departments fell significantly.

The study analyzed over 1 million emergency department visits from Medicare patients at 49 private equity-owned hospitals from 2009 to 2019, comparing them to over 6 million visits at 293 hospitals without private equity ownership. This research adds to previous findings that showed worse patient outcomes and higher costs in healthcare settings influenced by profit-driven investors.

Private equity firms often take on large debts when acquiring hospitals, leading to expense cuts, including staff reductions. Consequently, doctors have reported that these changes negatively impact patient care. Some states are starting to pass laws to limit private equity's influence in healthcare, aiming to protect patient outcomes.

Summary of Palette Generator Guide

The Palette Generator helps create color palettes for data visualizations, ensuring colors are visually distinct and usable. Here are the key features and tips:

1. Palette Options:

   • Choose from Single Hue, Divergent, or different color scales.
   • Select the number of colors (3 to 13) and background color (light or dark).

2. Creating Effective Palettes:

   • Use visually equidistant colors to avoid confusion when interpreting charts.
   • Choose contrasting endpoint colors (warm/cool, bright/dark) for better differentiation.
   • If using a brand color, feel free to adjust its brightness and saturation for a more appealing palette.

3. Single Hue Scale:

   • Best for representing a single variable with darker colors indicating higher values.
   • Adjust brightness and color intensity for desired transitions (e.g., to gray or white).

4. Divergent Color Scale:

   • Useful for showing a range from one extreme, through a neutral point, to another extreme (e.g., political leanings).
   • Adjust the midpoint color for better clarity and avoid blending of moderate tones.

5. Helpful Resources:

   • Recommendations for further reading on color theory and design.

This tool aims to simplify the process of creating effective color palettes for data visualization, making it easier for users to interpret information.

Webhound is an AI tool that helps users create datasets from the web using natural language prompts. You simply describe what data you need, and the AI searches, extracts, and organizes the information into a downloadable CSV format.

A special no-signup version is available for the HN community to try out. Users have employed Webhound for various tasks, including competitor analysis, lead generation, pricing tracking, investor mapping, research collection, and hypothesis testing.

The team initially faced challenges with high costs and inefficiencies, so they developed a multi-agent system to improve reliability and performance. This new approach reduced costs significantly while enhancing speed and data quality. The system operates in two phases: planning and extraction.

Webhound also features scheduled updates for datasets and an API for easier integration. The team is seeking feedback, especially from those with experience in similar projects.

The article discusses a presentation by Saša Jurić at the Goatmire Elixir Conf focused on improving code reviews and pull requests (PRs). Key points include:

1. Challenges in Code Reviews: Many engineers find code reviews daunting due to large and complex PRs, often leading to superficial comments like "Looks Good To Me," which can overlook critical issues.

2. Reviewable PRs: Saša suggests returning difficult PRs to authors for clarification. A reviewable PR should take an average developer 5-10 minutes to understand, ideally limited to around 300 lines of code.

3. Storytelling in Commits: Commits should be structured to tell a coherent story, making it easier for reviewers to grasp the purpose and context of changes. Avoid vague commit messages.

4. Iterative Process: The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean commit history and using fixup commits to refine earlier changes without losing context.

5. Benefits of Clean History: A clear commit history helps identify when bugs were introduced and aids in debugging.

6. Collaborative Success: Focused PRs with clear commit stories lead to better feedback and higher quality code, ultimately speeding up development.

The author encourages developers to be intentional about their commit practices for improved code reviews in the future.

KnottyTom Price has created a package called "knotty-lib," which is a special language designed for knitting patterns.

The article discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology and how it is not replacing human radiologists. Despite advancements in AI models that can detect diseases like pneumonia more accurately than human radiologists, the demand for human radiologists is at an all-time high. In 2025, there was an increase in radiology residency positions and high salaries for radiologists.

Key points include:

1. AI Capabilities: AI models can diagnose certain conditions faster and with high accuracy, but they face challenges when applied in real hospital settings. They often struggle with uncommon cases and have legal hurdles to overcome for autonomous operation.

2. Human Roles: Radiologists spend most of their time on tasks other than diagnostics, such as communicating with patients and colleagues, which AI cannot fully replace.

3. Efficiency and Demand: While AI can make interpreting scans faster and potentially reduce costs, it may also lead to increased demand for imaging services, a phenomenon known as Jevons paradox.

4. Limitations of AI: Many AI models are trained on narrow datasets and can perform poorly in diverse clinical environments. This leads to a performance gap between controlled benchmarks and real-world applications.

5. Future Outlook: The integration of AI into radiology suggests that rather than replacing jobs, AI will change how radiologists work, potentially making them busier as they take on new tasks and responsibilities.

Overall, the article emphasizes that while AI has the potential to enhance radiology, it will not replace human expertise, and the future will likely see a collaborative relationship between AI and radiologists.

No summary available.

The article discusses the use of JavaScript's bigint type for storing data in a project. Here are the key points:

1. Context: The author faced performance issues with many configuration objects that had repeated keys, leading to large strings during serialization and slow comparison operations.

2. Solution: The author explored using bigints to store configuration data more compactly. This involves defining fields, their sizes, and using bit operations to manage data efficiently.

3. Benefits:

   • Memory usage is very compact.
   • Quick deserialization and optimized operations using bitfields.
   • Allows for faster equality checks and intersection operations.

4. Drawbacks:

   • Fields must have a maximum size, limiting dynamic data storage.
   • Bit operations on bigints can be slower than standard JavaScript objects.
   • More complex code is required, necessitating extensive testing.

5. Conclusion: The approach may lead to optimizations, but the author is still evaluating its overall effectiveness in practice. The article encourages readers to check back later for updates on its success.

Helium BETA is a Linux AppImage that offers a smooth internet experience without interruptions. It prioritizes user privacy and blocks ads automatically. Key features include useful tools like native !bangs and split view. Helium is free from adware and unnecessary extras, focusing on a user-friendly design and being fully open source.

Summary of Servo Updates for September 2025

This month, Servo achieved a record with 447 pull requests merged, including significant improvements and new features:

1. New Features:

   • SVG Rendering: Inline SVG elements are now rendered, enhancing website appearances.
   • CSS Grid Support: Named grid lines and areas have been implemented, currently available with a specific setting.
   • Variable Fonts: Support for CSS font-variation-settings across major desktop platforms is now available.

2. Developer Tools Enhancements:

   • A functional network monitor panel has been added.
   • The JavaScript debugger can now show breakpoints, and the layout inspector has improved visibility features.

3. Stability Improvements:

   • A major fix for crashes related to hit testing was implemented, ensuring that the rendering process is synchronized to avoid outdated results.

4. Web Platform Support:

   • Upgrades to JavaScript and DOM APIs, including the implementation of IndexedDB and new event handling features.
   • Enhanced support for 2D canvas and CSS properties, improving performance and accuracy.

5. Performance Optimizations:

   • The rendering loop is now throttled to 60 frames per second, and memory usage has been improved by deduplicating inline stylesheets.

6. Support and Donations:

   • The Servo project is receiving $5,552 per month in donations, which will help fund new CI servers and support contributors.

Overall, September brought substantial enhancements to Servo's capabilities and performance, setting the stage for continued growth and community support.

A significant vulnerability has been discovered in Cisco devices, affecting up to 2 million of them. This flaw, identified as CVE-2025-20352, allows attackers to remotely crash systems or run malicious code. It is present in all supported versions of Cisco's IOS and IOS XE software.

The issue stems from a bug in the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) component, which is used for device management. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted SNMP packets. They need access to a read-only community string, which is often known within organizations, to execute attacks.

Cisco advises all users to update their devices to fix this vulnerability. In the meantime, they recommend limiting SNMP access to trusted users and monitoring devices closely. This vulnerability is part of a recent batch of 14 security issues that Cisco addressed in a September update.

Summary of "The Wind, a Pole, and the Dragon"

The author discusses a confusing request for help from a Japanese user who used machine translation to describe an error encountered while installing software. The message includes strange phrases like "vomit," "goat-time," and "spank," which may have resulted from incorrect translations.

Key points include:

• "Vomit" likely refers to an error being thrown, and "lumber" probably means logs.
• "Goat-time" may refer to the runtime environment, indicating that the error is hidden in runtime logs.
• The user has tried reinstalling the software multiple times but continues to encounter an error.
• There’s speculation about the meaning of other phrases, like "insult to father’s stones," which might express frustration or relate to software dependencies.
• The phrase "the wind, a pole, and the dragon" remains unclear, with various interpretations suggested but no definitive meaning found.

The author invites anyone with more information to share and expresses a curiosity for understanding new topics.

Summary: Effect Systems vs Print Debugging: A Pragmatic Solution

This article discusses how the Flix programming language manages print-debugging within its type and effect system.

Key points include:

1. Lying to the Effect System: In programming, misleading the type or effect system can lead to serious issues, especially in memory-safe languages. The Flix compiler relies on its effect system for optimizations like removing dead code and enabling parallel processing.

2. Challenges with Print Debugging: When trying to add print statements for debugging, programmers encounter errors due to the strict effect system. A programmer's attempt to use a simple print function leads to compilation errors because the function's effects don't match what the compiler expects.

3. First Attempt at a Solution: The initial solution involved creating a special print function that bypasses the effect system, but this approach fails due to redundancy checks and optimizations that remove the print statements.

4. Second Attempt: The article proposes a new approach by introducing a "Debug" effect specifically for print statements. This allows the program to compile without changing the function signatures. It maintains the integrity of the effect system while enabling developers to add print statements freely.

5. Advantages and Trade-offs: This new method allows print statements to work seamlessly without disrupting the program’s performance. However, it does mark expressions as impure, which can affect optimizations.

6. Production Mode Consideration: In production mode, the implicit "Debug" effect is disabled to prevent misuse of print statements in published code.

7. Debugging Enhancements: The article mentions using debug string interpolators for better debugging output, providing context like file names and line numbers without complex macros.

Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of balancing effective debugging tools with maintaining the integrity of the language's type and effect system.

Summary: Resurrect the Old Web

On September 23, 2025, a news story from Maine highlighted middle schoolers using landline phones because their parents thought they were too young for cell phones. This sparked a discussion about dissatisfaction with current social media, which has become overwhelming with ads and endless content.

The author reminisces about the simplicity and connection of the early internet, suggesting a return to using blogs and RSS feeds for better online interactions. They plan to create a "bear blog" that aggregates their favorite blogs and encourages others to do the same, fostering connections through hyperlinks rather than social media.

The key takeaway is that we can reclaim the old web's charm and autonomy, choosing how we connect with others without being trapped in the social media cycle. The author invites others to join this movement, providing resources like RSS readers to facilitate this shift.

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The text discusses restorative justice, particularly from the perspective of indigenous cultures, emphasizing that these societies historically prioritized reconciliation and restitution over punishment. Contrary to Western beliefs that justice is inherently adversarial and punitive, the author argues that this view is a recent development, emerging around 1200 AD.

Restorative justice seeks to transform the cycle of vengeance and violence by focusing on healing and community safety rather than punishment. The text highlights that punitive responses can worsen the situation, causing psychological harm to victims and perpetuating a cycle of suffering. Importantly, forgiveness is not a requirement in restorative justice; success is defined by the safe sharing of experiences, acknowledgment of harm, and collaborative efforts to repair damage. Ultimately, the goal is to restore social peace, which may or may not involve forgiveness.

The text introduces Dayflow, a macOS app designed to automatically track your work activities by analyzing the content on your screen. Key features include:

• Semantic Timeline: Instead of just showing time spent in an app (like "3 hours in Chrome"), it provides detailed insights (like "Reviewed PR comments: 45min").
• Privacy Focus: The app runs entirely locally, without cloud uploads or accounts, and is open-source. Users can optionally enhance the app's capabilities with their own Gemini API key.
• Tech Details: Built with SwiftUI and a local SQLite database, it uses local models for processing screen data, which helps it maintain a smaller size and efficient performance.
• Future Plans: The developer aims to improve the app by distilling high-quality outputs from Gemini for better local model training and introducing custom dashboards for personalized tracking.

The creator is seeking feedback, especially from those who have faced challenges with productivity tracking.

Quicksort is a fast sorting method that uses a "divide and conquer" strategy. Picking the dividing element randomly helps prevent poor performance in the worst-case scenario.

• Version 1.0: First version released
• Version 1.1: Title changed from KWICK SÖRT to KVICK SÖRT for a more Swedish feel
• Version 1.2: IDEA logo updated

The initial release date was March 16, 2018.

Huntington's disease has been successfully treated for the first time, according to doctors. This disease, which is hereditary, causes severe brain cell damage and is similar to dementia and Parkinson's disease. A recent trial showed that a new gene therapy slowed the disease's progression by 75%, meaning that a patient's expected decline over one year could be extended to four years after treatment. This offers hope for decades of improved quality of life.

The treatment involves complex brain surgery lasting 12 to 18 hours, where a modified virus delivers a DNA sequence into the brain, helping to reduce the harmful protein that kills neurons. Results from the trial, which included 29 patients, indicate a significant slowing of the disease and preservation of brain cells.

Although the treatment is promising, it is expected to be expensive and not widely available initially. The company behind the therapy plans to apply for a license in the U.S. in early 2026, with hopes for broader access in the future. Researchers are also exploring ways to prevent the disease in individuals who carry the gene but show no symptoms yet. This breakthrough brings hope to many affected by Huntington's disease.

The author has dedicated 15 years to Bundler, a tool for the Ruby programming community. Although they didn't create Bundler, they joined the team in 2010 and helped shape its development. They took on more responsibility as other team members moved on, co-maintaining Bundler and improving it over the years.

In 2015, the author founded Ruby Together to fund the maintenance of Bundler and other Ruby projects. In 2021, Ruby Together and Ruby Central agreed to merge, aiming to better support developers and maintain transparency within the community.

Recently, Ruby Central claimed sole ownership of Bundler, which the author disputes. To protect the project and its contributors, they registered a trademark for Bundler but plan to transfer it to a community organization once one is established. The author emphasizes that Bundler belongs to the Ruby community and should remain accountable to them.

Summary of "Random Mosaic – Detecting Unauthorized Physical Access with Beans, Lentils and Colored Rice"

The text discusses the importance of protecting confidentiality and integrity against unauthorized access, particularly in the context of modern technology. It highlights various forms of attacks, such as tampering during transit and "Evil Maid" attacks, where someone with physical access can manipulate hardware.

To counter these threats, the text presents several protection methods:

1. Tamper-evident tools: These include special screws, seals, and labels, although many can be bypassed by skilled attackers.
2. Glitter nail polish: This is used to seal devices, making unauthorized access more detectable. Different methods of application are discussed, including using stickers or directly on screws.
3. Random Mosaic method: A new approach involves embedding sensitive items in a colorful mixture (like beans and colored rice) that creates a unique mosaic. If the mosaic is disturbed, it indicates potential unauthorized access.

The text also explores how to prepare and store these mixtures, emphasizing their importance for both short-term and long-term protection, especially during shipping. Finally, it introduces a tool called Blink Comparison, which helps compare original and current states of the mosaic for easy detection of tampering.

Overall, the article aims to enhance security measures against unauthorized access using creative and practical solutions.

YC announced a new program called Early Decision for students. This change aims to help graduating seniors who want to start their own companies but also need to interview for jobs in the fall.

Previously, YC increased its program offerings from 2 to 4 batches a year to give founders more flexibility. Early Decision allows students to apply to YC while also interviewing for jobs, so if they get accepted into YC, they can confidently decline other job offers without fear of being left without options.

This idea isn't entirely new, as YC has offered it informally since 2018. Now, by making it a formal part of the application process, they hope to encourage more college seniors to pursue their startup ideas.

No summary available.

Summary of Categorical Foundations for CuTe Layouts

In GPU programming, how data is organized in memory impacts performance significantly. Since GPUs handle multi-dimensional data but have one-dimensional memory, it's crucial to create an effective mapping, known as a layout, to access this data efficiently. This layout also helps manage how threads interact with data to optimize performance.

The CUTLASS framework introduces a new type of layout called CuTe layouts, which allows for complex arrangements of data and provides a mathematical structure for manipulating these layouts through operations like composition and logical division. A recent paper explores the underlying mathematical theory, linking these layouts to category theory and operads, and proposes a graphical method for working with layout operations.

Key points discussed in the paper include:

1. Tractable Layouts: These are practical layouts including row-major and column-major formats. They can be visually represented through diagrams and have specific mathematical properties that help in defining operations on them.

2. Layout Functions: Each layout has an associated layout function that can be derived using a realization functor, which helps in understanding how layouts operate within finite sets.

3. Operations on Layouts: Common operations such as coalescing, complementing, and composing layouts are described, showcasing how they can be mathematically performed and related to operations in the category of tuples.

4. Nested Layouts: The discussion extends to nested layouts, which allow for more complex data structures and their morphisms, maintaining the same principles as flat layouts while accommodating deeper hierarchies.

5. Composition Algorithm: A detailed algorithm is provided for composing layouts, emphasizing the importance of mutual refinements and the ability to transform morphisms for compatibility in computation.

6. Connections to Operads: The paper suggests interesting connections between the theory of layouts and operads, which could enrich the understanding and application of these concepts in both mathematics and practical programming.

The paper serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the mathematical foundations of CuTe layouts, providing examples and proofs to illustrate the concepts discussed.

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The author, Zarar Siddiqi, expresses frustration with Google Search. When searching for "Midjourney," they found it listed fifth on the results page, despite wanting to use it. This suggests that to rank higher on Google, companies need strong products, backlinks, and also pay for better visibility. The author finds this situation disappointing.

SonShell Overview

SonShell is a Linux-only tool designed to connect to Sony A6700 cameras via Wi-Fi or Ethernet, allowing users to automatically download new photos and run scripts on them.

Key Features:

• Auto-Connection: Connects via IP/MAC address or auto-detects cameras.
• File Management: Downloads the latest photos to a specified folder with unique filenames.
• Post-Download Actions: Can run a script after downloading each file.
• Keepalive Mode: Automatically retries connection if it fails.
• Simplicity: Clean code for Linux with no Windows dependencies.

Usage: To use SonShell, you run the command:

./sonshell --dir /photos [options]

• Required Options:
  • --dir <path>: Directory for saving photos.
• Optional Options:
  • --ip <addr>: Connect using a specific IP.
  • --mac <hex:mac>: Use MAC address for direct connection.
  • --cmd <path>: Specify a script to run after downloads.
  • --keepalive <ms>: Set retry interval for connection issues.
  • --boot-pull <N>: Download the latest N files at startup.

Examples:

1. To auto-connect, retry every 2 seconds, and run a script:

   ./sonshell --dir /tmp/photos --verbose --keepalive 3000 --cmd ../scripts/show_single.sh
   

2. For direct IP connection with logging:

   ./sonshell --ip 192.168.1.1 --mac 10:20:30:40:50:60 --dir /tmp/photos -v --keepalive 3000
   

Interactive Commands: Once connected, you can use commands like:

• shoot: Take a photo.
• focus: Autofocus the camera.
• quit or exit: Stop the program.

Build Requirements: Requires Linux, g++, and the Sony Camera Remote SDK. Detailed build instructions are available in INSTALL.md.

How It Works:

• Connects to the camera and waits for new photos.
• Downloads them to the specified directory with safe naming.
• Runs scripts if specified and handles reconnections automatically.

Developer Notes: SonShell is developed for Ubuntu 24.04 and relies on Sony's Camera Remote SDK. For detailed documentation, refer to DOCS.md.

Useful Links:

• Sony Camera Remote SDK

Summary: How to Lead in a Room Full of Experts

In a technical environment filled with experts, a leader's role isn't to know everything but to connect people and facilitate effective communication. Here are the key points:

1. Technical Leadership: A leader should be a good translator, understanding the complexities of technology and conveying them in a way that everyone can grasp.

2. Social Skills Matter: Technical knowledge gets you in the room, but social skills are crucial for productive discussions. Leaders must read the room and manage conversations to keep focus on goals.

3. Keep an Eye on Goals: While experts may dive deep into technical discussions, a leader should ensure the team stays focused on solving the actual problem rather than getting lost in details.

4. Embrace Uncertainty: Admitting "I don't know" encourages collaboration and allows experts to contribute their knowledge, fostering a more open and innovative environment.

5. Translate for Your Audience: Leaders need to communicate in a way that resonates with different stakeholders – whether they are developers, product teams, or executives.

6. Foster Collaboration: Instead of making unilateral decisions, explain the reasoning behind choices to build trust and promote a collaborative culture.

Overall, effective leadership in a room full of experts is about creating a space for dialogue, ensuring clear problem definitions, and guiding the team toward the right solutions.

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Jash and Mahimana, cofounders of Flywheel AI, are developing a remote teleoperation and autonomous system for excavators. Unlike cars, which often have electronic controls, excavators are primarily hydraulic, making retrofitting them for remote operation challenging. Their solution involves mechanically controlling the joysticks and pedals in any excavator, improving safety, productivity, and cost efficiency on construction sites.

They have also created a dataset of 100 hours of excavator operation data, which is essential for training autonomous systems. This dataset includes observations from four cameras and expert operator actions, allowing for the development of imitation learning models to automate tasks like digging and dumping.

The dataset is available for public use, and they encourage others to experiment with it. They are committed to expanding the dataset with more variations and formats in the future. The founders welcome community feedback and are eager to see how others utilize the data.

Summary of SedonaDB Introduction

The Apache Sedona community has launched SedonaDB, the first open-source, single-node analytical database engine designed specifically for spatial data. It is part of the Apache Sedona project, which also supports distributed engines like Spark and Flink.

Key Features of SedonaDB:

• Lightweight and Fast: Built in Rust, it is optimized for small-to-medium data analytics.
• Spatial Data Support: It provides full support for spatial data types, joins, and operations, making spatial queries efficient.
• User-Friendly Interfaces: Offers Python and SQL interfaces, and APIs for R and Rust.
• Easy Integration: Can run locally or with data lakes and integrates well into development and cloud environments.

Capabilities:

• Supports a variety of spatial operations, including point-in-polygon joins and nearest neighbor analysis.
• Manages coordinate reference systems (CRS) automatically to avoid errors in spatial computations.

Performance Benchmarking: SedonaDB has been benchmarked against systems like GeoPandas and DuckDB, showing strong performance across various spatial queries.

Installation and Example: Users can install SedonaDB easily using Python and perform queries to analyze spatial data, such as finding the country for given city coordinates.

Future Developments: The project aims to expand its functionalities, including more spatial functions and support for additional file formats.

Community Engagement: SedonaDB encourages community contributions and has resources for users to get involved, including meetings and a Discord channel.

Overall, SedonaDB offers a powerful and efficient solution for spatial data analytics, focusing on ease of use and performance for smaller datasets.

Researchers at Purdue University have developed a way to enhance standard smartphone cameras into advanced sensors. By using a combination of computer vision, color science, and optical spectroscopy, they created an algorithm that can extract detailed spectral information from regular photos. This innovation allows smartphones to perform hyperspectral imaging, which could significantly improve their capabilities.

Summary: How to Lead During Tough Times in Tech

The tech industry is currently facing a challenging atmosphere. Factors like AI hype, return-to-office policies, and layoffs have shifted the mood from optimism to anxiety. Here are the key points:

1. Current Challenges:

   • The excitement around AI has led to concerns about job security, especially for junior developers.
   • Return-to-office mandates are seen as a breach of trust, with many teams that thrived remotely now forced back to the office, sometimes without enough space.
   • Layoffs have created a sense of instability, changing how employees feel about job security.
   • Executives are now more focused on efficiency than on employee welfare, leading to a stricter work culture.

2. Leadership Strategies:

   • Represent the Company: As a leader, you must support company decisions publicly, even if you disagree. This helps maintain your credibility.
   • Acknowledge Concerns: Privately validate your team's feelings about the changes. Recognizing their emotions builds trust.
   • Avoid False Promises: Don’t claim you can fix issues if you cannot. Instead, focus on advocating for better policies when possible.
   • Offer Flexibility: Use discretion in enforcing policies to show trust in your team. Small acts of understanding can boost morale.

3. Stability in Uncertainty: During turbulent times, employees look to their leaders for stability. Being honest and supportive can foster loyalty and create a positive work environment.

4. Future Outlook: This challenging period will eventually stabilize, and leaders who remain grounded and treat employees with respect can help create a more positive workplace.

In summary, while leaders can't change industry-wide issues, they can make their teams feel valued and supported during tough times.

The author shares their experience learning Persian (Farsi) using various tools, with Anki being the main app for memorization through spaced repetition. They create a personalized deck of flashcards that focus mainly on grammar phrases, often sourced from a YouTube channel run by a Persian teacher named Majid.

To enhance their learning, the author captures screenshots from Majid's videos to create different types of Anki cards. They use one type for reading practice and another for translations between Persian and English or French. Whenever they have questions during their Anki reviews, they use ChatGPT by pasting screenshots for instant clarification.

Additionally, the author uses a Chrome extension called Dual Subtitles to watch YouTube videos with both Persian and English subtitles. They listen to videos at a slower speed, read the English subtitles first, and then listen to the Farsi, which helps them understand the language better. They also practice speaking the sentences out loud and repeat this process multiple times to achieve real-time comprehension. Overall, the author emphasizes the importance of feeling and understanding the language deeply.

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No summary available.

Researchers have discovered hundreds of new bacteria and two potential antibiotics by analyzing soil samples from Rockefeller University's field center in New York. Most bacteria can't be grown in labs, which limits the discovery of new antibiotics, especially as antibiotic resistance becomes more common.

To overcome this challenge, the research team developed a method to extract large DNA fragments directly from soil, allowing them to piece together the genetic information of previously unculturable microbes. This approach led to the identification of hundreds of complete bacterial genomes, over 99% of which were new to science, and two promising antibiotic candidates: erutacidin and trigintamicin.

Erutacidin disrupts bacterial membranes and is effective against drug-resistant bacteria, while trigintamicin targets a rare protein involved in bacterial survival. These findings provide a scalable way to explore microbial diversity and could lead to the development of much-needed new antibiotics. The study also highlights the potential of hidden microbial ecosystems to influence our environment and health.

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No summary available.

The text provides information about Walzr's parking services in San Francisco. It highlights the convenience and benefits of using their platform for parking needs, making it easier for users to find and manage parking spots in the city. The focus is on user-friendly features and efficient solutions for parking challenges.

The Raspberry Pi 500+ is an upgraded version of the Raspberry Pi 500, launched recently. Key features include a mechanical keyboard, LED lighting, 16GB of RAM, and NVMe SSD storage, making it more powerful than its predecessor, which had microSD storage and only 8GB of RAM.

The new device is priced at $200, significantly higher than the Raspberry Pi 500's $90, but offers better quality and performance suitable for everyday use. A review noted that the Raspberry Pi 500+ performs well in benchmarks and is a solid option for various computing tasks.

No summary available.

A recent study by Lumafield has found that nearly 8% of lithium-ion batteries from low-cost or counterfeit brands may have dangerous manufacturing defects. The analysis, which used X-ray technology to inspect over 1,000 batteries, revealed that these defects could increase the risk of fires and explosions.

The study focused on 18650 battery cells commonly used in various devices, such as e-bikes and power tools. It tested batteries from ten brands, including reputable manufacturers like Samsung and Panasonic, as well as low-cost options available on platforms like Amazon and Temu.

Among the tested batteries, 33 showed a serious defect called negative anode overhang, all of which were from low-cost brands. Additionally, many of these cheaper batteries claimed unrealistically high capacities that were not supported by actual performance tests.

The study emphasized that while not all defective batteries will catch fire or explode, the risks increase, especially under certain conditions. It concluded that purchasing from reputable brands is a safer choice, as they are less likely to have these dangerous defects.

The text discusses usability issues with the EU Digital Identity Wallet, highlighting three main concerns:

1. Smartphone Dependency: The app is designed assuming all users have smartphones, which excludes people without them, particularly older individuals who may not have access to modern devices.

2. Browsing Experience: Users may face difficulties when browsing the internet, especially in private modes. Websites require age verification each time, disrupting the experience and making it less user-friendly.

3. Implementation Costs: There are worries about the costs associated with implementing this technology. Previous experiences with EU technology have led to doubts about affordability and accessibility, particularly for small businesses.

Overall, the concerns focus on accessibility, user experience, and financial feasibility for diverse users.

No summary available.

Summary of Mollweide Map Projection and Newton’s Method

The Mollweide map projection, created by Karl Brandan Mollweide, converts the Earth's surface into an equal-area ellipse with a 2:1 aspect ratio. This means that when viewed from a distance, the central circle on the map represents half of the Earth.

To accurately map latitude on the Mollweide projection, a complex equation is used that requires numerical solutions since there is no straightforward formula. Newton's method is commonly used to find these solutions but can lose efficiency near high latitudes (close to π/2) where it struggles due to a double root.

In standard Newton's method (m = 1), convergence is quick but slows down near double roots. A modified version (m = 2) can speed up convergence at double roots but may lead to divergence if used too close to them. Examples show that when φ is far from π/2, the method converges quickly (5 iterations), but near it, convergence slows significantly (16 iterations).

At φ = π/2, the method can't run properly due to division by zero, but a slight adjustment (using π/2 - 0.001) allows for successful convergence, showing that speed and accuracy are both challenges near this point.

The author suggests improving the method by limiting step sizes for values of φ close to π/2 and using alternative methods for values right at the limit.

The author plans to discuss this series solution in a future post.

Summary of Fortra GoAnywhere Vulnerability CVE-2025-10035 Analysis

In 2025, a serious vulnerability (CVE-2025-10035) was discovered in Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT, a secure file transfer solution used by many large companies. This vulnerability has a perfect CVSS score of 10.0, indicating it's highly critical.

The issue stems from a deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet, which allows attackers to manipulate data and potentially execute harmful commands. Previous vulnerabilities in GoAnywhere, like the one exploited by the cl0p ransomware gang in 2023, have raised concerns about the software's security.

Fortra's advisory suggested that the exploitation of this vulnerability requires the system to be exposed to the internet, but it did not clearly state whether it had already been exploited in the wild. Instead, it provided vague indicators for users to check if they were affected.

The analysis revealed that attackers could bypass authentication to generate a valid license request token, which can then be used to exploit the vulnerability. This means that even without proper credentials, an attacker could potentially access the system.

The report notes that while the vulnerability is serious, there are still unanswered questions about how an attacker might exploit it without a valid private key. It also cautions users not to leave unpatched systems vulnerable, advising updates to specific versions of GoAnywhere software.

In conclusion, organizations using GoAnywhere MFT should be cautious and ensure they are using the latest patched versions to avoid potential exploitation of this vulnerability.

Summary of the Intel i960 RISC Processor History

The Intel i960 was a significant 32-bit processor from the 1990s, known for its many variants and complex history. Initially, it aimed to be Intel's flagship processor but was overshadowed by the x86 architecture. Despite this, it became the top-selling RISC processor at one point.

Key Points:

1. Background: The i960's roots trace back to the iAPX 432 project, which Intel started in 1975 to create a powerful "micro-mainframe" processor. This ambitious design was ultimately too complex and failed commercially.

2. Development: Intel later shifted focus to simpler designs, leading to the development of the i960. This processor combined ideas from the iAPX 432 with the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) philosophy, which aimed to simplify instruction sets for better performance.

3. Architecture: The i960 featured a load-store architecture, large registers, and a pipelined design, making it suitable for both embedded systems and workstations. It had multiple variants, including Core, Numerics, Protected, and Extended architectures, with each successive version adding more capabilities.

4. Military Use: One variant of the i960 was adopted by the military, notably in the F-22 fighter jet, highlighting its importance in critical applications.

5. Legacy: Although the i960 is largely forgotten today, it played a crucial role in the evolution of processor design and showcased Intel's attempts to innovate beyond the x86 architecture.

The blog aims to clarify the myths and confusion surrounding the i960 and its variants, especially in online sources like Wikipedia.

Summary of T-carrier Technology

T-carrier Overview:

• T-carrier is a telecommunications standard for transmitting digital signals over copper wires, particularly designed for trunk lines between telephone exchanges, rather than for individual customers.
• T1, the most well-known T-carrier type, operates at 1.544 Mbps and can carry 24 telephone channels (DS0s), each at 64 kbps.

History and Development:

• The concept of T-carrier emerged in the 1950s as a solution for digital communication using Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM), which digitizes analog signals for better quality and reliability.
• T-carrier technology evolved from earlier telephone systems, which used circuit switching to connect calls over wires. The need for more efficient communication led to the development of multiplexing techniques, allowing multiple calls to share the same wire.

Infrastructure:

• T1 lines require specific twisted-pair wiring and are sensitive to polarity. Repeaters are needed every 6,600 feet to maintain signal quality.
• HDSL, a variant of DSL, is often used to deliver T1 service over longer distances by converting T1 signals at the customer premises.

Internet and T1:

• T1 lines became a popular choice for internet access in the 1990s, especially for businesses, due to their reliability and availability, despite being relatively expensive.
• Early internet service often utilized T1 connections, but as technology advanced, faster options like DSL and fiber optics became more common.

Modern Context:

• T1 is now largely outdated, with newer technologies like Ethernet and fiber optics dominating the market. However, some principles from T-carrier technology still influence modern digital communication standards.
• The historical significance of T1 endures in certain contexts, particularly in gaming, where its reliable bandwidth made it a favored choice over less stable connections like DSL.

Miscellaneous:

• T1 and ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) are related; T1 lines can be configured as ISDN Primary Rate Interfaces (PRIs), offering standardized digital communication.
• The naming convention of T-carrier technology has origins that remain somewhat unclear, with "T" possibly standing for "transmission" or "trunk."

Overall, T-carrier technology played a pivotal role in the evolution of digital telecommunications and internet services, laying groundwork for advancements that followed.

No summary available.

This text discusses the experience of using an AI agent named Slate to port an open-source library called "Browser Use" from Python to TypeScript. Here are the key points simplified:

1. Overview of Slate: Slate is an AI agent designed to handle long and complex tasks autonomously.

2. The Task: The project involved porting the Browser Use library (which automates browser interactions) to TypeScript. The task was completed in a few hours for under $60.

3. Performance Metrics:

   • The porting process required 583 tool calls and 311 requests.
   • It used approximately 15.5 million input tokens and 777,500 output tokens.

4. Process:

   • The user initiated the task with a simple message, and Slate confirmed the requirements.
   • Slate autonomously planned and executed most of the work, handling the project structure, module conversions, and testing.

5. Outcome: Within about 33 minutes, Slate built a nearly identical TypeScript version of the original library, though it missed four files present in the Python version.

6. Debugging: After completing the initial port, Slate entered a feedback loop with the user to debug and resolve issues, demonstrating its ability to work with user input effectively.

7. Final Result: Slate successfully created a functional TypeScript port that operated similarly to the original Python version, showcasing the potential of AI in software development.

In summary, this case study highlights how AI can assist in software tasks, achieving significant results with minimal human intervention.

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Nassim Nicholas Taleb's lecture at the Ron Paul Institute in 2025 outlines seven key points about the current state of our world. Here’s a simplified summary:

1. Concentration and Technofeudalism: Modern society sees a concentration of power and success, leading to a "winner-take-all" scenario. A few dominate cultural and economic fields, making it harder for new contenders to emerge, which can be unhealthy for competition.

2. Historical Dynamics: Understanding history requires looking at it as a dynamic process rather than a fixed narrative. Small differences in growth rates can lead to significant changes over time, as seen in the shifting economic power from the U.S. to China.

3. S-Curve of Growth: Economic growth tends to follow an S-curve, where rapid growth is easier when starting from a lower baseline. Developed economies like the U.S. and Europe are experiencing slower growth due to saturation, while developing countries like China have more room for expansion.

4. Immigration's Role: Immigration is often driven by economic needs rather than altruism. While small amounts of immigration can be beneficial, large influxes may create social tensions. Wealthy nations depend on immigrant labor for economic functions, even if they politically oppose it.

5. Social Media's Impact: Social media has transformed how information is shared, allowing for more direct and varied communication. This shift makes it harder for traditional media to control narratives and allows for greater transparency in global issues.

6. Growing Government Size: Governments today are much larger and more intrusive than in previous centuries, accounting for a significant portion of GDP. This growth complicates historical comparisons and indicates an ongoing expansion of government influence.

7. Importance of Scale in Governance: Effective governance depends on scale. Smaller entities can manage rules and regulations more effectively, while larger systems face more complexity and challenges in governance.

Overall, Taleb emphasizes the need for awareness of these dynamics to understand our rapidly changing world.

The text discusses how to improve TypeScript function signatures by using a pattern similar to Python's keyword arguments (kwargs).

Key points include:

• Traditional TypeScript functions can become cumbersome when there are multiple optional parameters, leading to confusing calls with undefined values.
• Python allows specifying arguments by name, making function calls clearer and easier to read.
• In TypeScript, a similar effect can be achieved by using an object to group optional parameters. This involves:
  1. Naming the optional parameters and setting default values.
  2. Defining types for each parameter, which remain optional.
  3. Keeping the function call clean by passing an object with only the parameters you want to specify.

Example implementation:

const greet = (
  name: string,
  {
    prefix = "Hello",
    ending = ".",
    extraNames,
  }: { prefix?: string; ending?: string; extraNames?: string[] } = {}
) => `${prefix}, ${name}${extraNames?.length ? `, ${extraNames.join(", ")}` : ""}${ending}`;

This method enhances readability and maintains type safety. However, it does tie the function's API to the names of the options, which can be a downside if changes are needed later. Overall, this pattern in TypeScript is recommended for functions with multiple optional arguments.

When developing with large language models (LLMs), a major issue was their lack of memory. They could understand context during a conversation but forgot earlier statements, leading to repeated suggestions that contradicted previous input.

Several methods have been explored to improve this memory issue:

1. Prompt stuffing/fine-tuning: Adding conversation history works for short chats but can quickly become costly.
2. Vector databases: These store information semantically, but retrieval can be inconsistent.
3. Graph databases: While good for reasoning, they are difficult to scale and manage.
4. Hybrid systems: Combining different database types offers flexibility but adds complexity.

Interestingly, traditional relational databases are proving to be a practical solution for giving AI persistent memory. They allow for:

• Separation of short-term and long-term memory in SQL tables
• Storage of structured records like rules and preferences
• Promotion of important facts to permanent memory
• Efficient retrieval through joins and indexes

At Gibson, we've developed an open-source project called Memori, which aims to provide AI agents with human-like memory using relational databases. This approach highlights how effective established technology can be in solving modern challenges. We welcome feedback on our method!

The article "The Top Programming Languages 2025" by Stephen Cass discusses whether artificial intelligence (AI) will impact the popularity of leading programming languages. It raises questions about the future of languages like Python, JavaScript, and SQL in light of AI advancements. The piece suggests that while AI may change how programming is done, it doesn't necessarily mean the end for these top languages.

The λ-calculus is a simple and elegant notation used to represent functions and their applications. It focuses on two main concepts: applying a function to an argument and creating functions through abstraction. The syntax is minimal, allowing for flexible expression of logical and mathematical ideas.

Key points include:

1. Function Representation: In λ-calculus, functions are viewed as rules for computation rather than as sets of ordered pairs. This distinction leads to a "non-extensional" theory, where equality of functions is not solely based on the outputs they produce for the same inputs.

2. Reduction: A core principle is β-reduction. This process allows us to simplify expressions by substituting values into functions. For example, applying a function like ( \lambda x[x^2 - 2 \cdot x + 5] ) to the value 2 involves replacing ( x ) with 2 to compute the result.

3. Multi-argument Functions: λ-calculus can handle functions with multiple inputs by treating them as sequential single-input operations. For instance, a function to calculate the hypotenuse of a triangle can be represented as taking one leg length at a time.

4. Philosophical Implications: The distinction between functions-as-sets (extensional) and functions-as-rules (non-extensional) raises important questions in logic and philosophy about how functions should be understood and compared.

5. Syntax: The structure of λ-calculus is straightforward, consisting mainly of variables and operations. This allows for clear and logical manipulation of terms.

Overall, λ-calculus serves as a foundational tool in various fields, including computer science, mathematics, and philosophy, due to its expressive power and conceptual clarity.

Summary of HTTP Complications and Saul Goodman Tool

When using HTTP APIs, requests can become complicated, especially with lengthy commands like the one shown for creating an issue in an Atlassian system using curl.

Key Features of Saul Goodman Tool:

• Workspace-based: Organizes APIs into folders for easy reuse.
• Inline Editor: Edit fields directly in the command line.
• Smart Variables: Use persistent and prompt variables for flexibility.
• Response Filtering: Display only the information you need.
• Git-friendly: Uses TOML files for easy version control.
• Unix Composable: Can be scripted and used in pipelines.
• TOML Converter: Converts JSON to TOML for better readability.

Installation:

• One-liner: Quickly install using a simple command.
• Manual Install: Download and move the binary to your PATH.
• From Source: Clone the repository and build locally.

Core Commands:

• Basic commands include setting, getting, editing, and removing configurations for API requests.
• You can manage URLs, methods, headers, and request bodies.

Example Use:

• Set up a workspace, configure API details, and execute requests easily, with a focus on using variables effectively.

Roadmap and Notes:

• The tool is still in beta, with ongoing development and features planned for the future. Feedback is welcomed for improvements.

This tool simplifies handling HTTP requests, making it easier to manage and execute them without complicated command lines.

Vulkan is a graphics API that can offer better performance than DirectX 11 (DX11) in many situations. However, it might not be as stable as DX11 at the moment.

The web is structured around links, which can become outdated over time. With advancements in technology, links no longer need to be exact; instead, they can rely on natural language to find relevant content.

A "vibe link" is a type of link that uses a natural language query to direct users to the most relevant website.

"vb.lk" is a URL shortener that employs a simple model to create these vibe links, often leveraging Google or DuckDuckGo's "I'm feeling lucky" feature to find the best matches.

You can try it out by visiting vb.lk/. Here are some examples of vibe links and their destinations:

• vb.lk/generate-an-image → chatgpt.com
• vb.lk/founder-mode → paulgraham.com
• vb.lk/charlie-bit-my-finger → youtube.com
• vb.lk/high-output-management → amazon.com
• vb.lk/link-rot → wikipedia.org
• vb.lk/dolores-park → google.com/maps

If you encounter any incorrect redirects, you can report them to [email protected] to help improve the service. You can also share your thoughts on Hacker News and subscribe for updates.

Microsoft has announced that Windows 10 users in the European Economic Area (EEA) can access extended security updates for free for an extra year, until October 14, 2026. This means users will not need a Microsoft account or cloud backup to receive these updates. The decision follows pressure from consumer organizations that argued against previous requirements that favored Microsoft financially.

This change applies only to the EEA, and users outside this region may still need to pay or meet specific conditions for access to the extended updates. With many Windows 10 computers still in use, this move is seen as beneficial, allowing users to continue receiving crucial security updates as they transition to Windows 11 or consider other options.

Linkgraphs are a feature introduced by the Artemis calm web reader, allowing users to see when a page they are viewing has been linked to in posts from websites they follow. This helps users discover what their favorite sites are saying about different web pages, creating more meaningful connections in an age dominated by algorithm-driven content.

The author appreciates this feature, as it promotes a more human-centered web experience. They also note that both Artemis and BlogCat, another calm web reader they are developing, have similar features and are made in Scotland.

Inspired by Artemis, the author implemented a linkgraph feature in BlogCat, which shows a popup when a page has been mentioned in a followed post. However, they built it differently, using a web extension that fetches the necessary data when the reader view is opened, rather than constantly in the background.

The author expresses a desire for more blogging clients to adopt this feature, emphasizing the importance of fostering connections in online content.

Kirkwood Gaps Summary

Kirkwood gaps are empty areas in the asteroid belt, which is located between Mars and Jupiter. These gaps have fewer asteroids than expected due to the strong gravitational influence of Jupiter.

• Discovery: Daniel Kirkwood discovered these gaps in 1857 and explained that they are caused by "orbital resonances" with Jupiter.

• What Are They?: Think of Kirkwood gaps like empty stretches on a busy highway. In space, these are specific orbits where asteroids are missing.

• How They Form: The gaps form because of Jupiter's gravity. When asteroids have orbits that resonate with Jupiter (like a 2:1 ratio), Jupiter pulls on them repeatedly, making their orbits unstable. Over time, this can "kick" them out of those orbits, creating gaps.

• Specific Gaps: The main Kirkwood gaps occur at certain resonances with Jupiter, such as:

  • 3:1 resonance
  • 5:2 resonance
  • 7:3 resonance
  • 2:1 resonance

While these gaps may still have some asteroids, they are much less crowded compared to other areas in the asteroid belt.

The International Advertising Bureau (IAB) has launched a new initiative called Trusted Server, designed to bypass ad blockers and reduce revenue loss from them. This open-source project is currently in its testing phase and aims to change how ads are delivered online.

Trusted Server shifts ad operations from users' browsers to a controlled server environment run by website owners. Instead of loading multiple ad scripts, the browser only makes one request to the server, which handles everything and sends the final ad back. This setup promises faster page loads, improved security, and potentially less fingerprinting.

However, there are significant privacy concerns. Trusted Server relies on fingerprinting to create a "Synthetic ID" for tracking users, which may lead to more intrusive data collection without users’ knowledge. This method could make it easier to build detailed profiles on individuals.

For ad blockers, Trusted Server presents new challenges. Ads served from the publisher’s domain appear more integrated with the site, making them harder to block. While current ad blockers may still be effective, the ad-blocking community is developing advanced techniques, such as machine learning, to adapt to these changes.

In summary, while Trusted Server offers some benefits, it raises important privacy issues and complicates the effectiveness of ad blockers.

Summary of Hardened Malloc in GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS is a privacy-focused mobile operating system based on Android. To improve security, it features a specialized memory allocator called hardened malloc, designed to guard against memory corruption vulnerabilities.

Key Features of Hardened Malloc:

1. Extended Address Space: GrapheneOS increases the address space for user processes from 39 bits to 48 bits, enhancing security through improved Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR).

2. Secure App Launching: Instead of using a shared address space, GrapheneOS launches applications with a new, randomized address space, making it harder for attackers to predict memory locations.

3. Memory Tagging Extension (MTE): On compatible devices, hardened malloc uses MTE to assign tags to memory regions. If a memory access does not match the expected tag, an error occurs, preventing exploitation of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows.

4. Memory Isolation: Metadata is kept separate from user data. The allocator manages small and large allocations differently, using a two-stage quarantine system for small allocations to delay their reuse and complicate attacks.

5. Allocation Management:

   • Small allocations are organized into size classes and stored in slabs, allowing efficient memory management.
   • Large allocations are mapped dynamically, with guard pages to prevent overflow attacks.

6. Security Mechanisms: Hardened malloc uses canaries and guard pages to quickly detect and respond to memory access errors.

Conclusion:

Hardened malloc enhances security significantly over typical memory allocators, especially in terms of preventing memory corruption and reuse of freed memory. This makes exploiting vulnerabilities much more difficult for attackers, especially on devices equipped with MTE. Overall, the integration of hardened malloc with GrapheneOS provides a robust defense against various memory-related attacks.

No summary available.

A collection of devices that can disrupt cell networks was discovered in New York City. The news article generated significant discussion, with 283 comments from readers.

The article discusses the risks associated with the battery supply chain, particularly focusing on 18650 lithium-ion cells used in various devices. These batteries can pose hazards like fires and explosions, especially when quality varies across different brands. Lumafield conducted a study to assess battery quality by analyzing 1,054 cells from ten brands, revealing significant differences in quality.

Key findings include:

• Low-cost and counterfeit batteries had much poorer quality in terms of anode overhang and edge alignment compared to reputable brands.
• Defective cells, which can lead to internal shorts and thermal events, were predominantly found in low-cost or counterfeit products, with about 8% showing serious defects.
• The study utilized advanced CT scanning technology to provide a clear understanding of battery quality, allowing manufacturers to improve safety and reliability.

The article emphasizes the importance of measuring battery quality to prevent accidents and protect consumers, urging all stakeholders in the supply chain to prioritize quality control.

Summary:

The author shares updates about their project, FinFam, which is a collaborative financial planner that launched successfully. However, they express regret about promoting their launch on Product Hunt (PH), claiming that the platform is no longer effective or relevant.

The author notes that Product Hunt, once a vibrant community for product launches, has deteriorated into a "zombie" platform with a superficial appearance of activity. They explain that many users are buying votes to boost their products, resulting in a lack of genuine engagement and real users.

Despite attempts to control this manipulation, the platform struggles with transparency and community connection. The author suggests that alternatives to Product Hunt may face similar issues, while highlighting more cohesive platforms like Indie Hackers and AlternativeTo. Overall, the author believes Product Hunt has lost its value and reflects on its decline.

The text introduces the Test-Time Diffusion Deep Researcher (TTD-DR), a new AI framework from Google Cloud designed to improve the process of writing research reports. TTD-DR uses a method that mimics human research practices—planning, drafting, and revising—by creating an initial draft and then refining it through iterative research and feedback.

Key points include:

• TTD-DR is the first research agent to treat report writing as a "diffusion process," where a rough draft is gradually improved with new information.
• It consists of three stages: generating a research plan, conducting iterative searches for relevant information, and producing a final report.
• A self-evolution algorithm enhances each step of the process by using feedback to improve the quality of information and answers.
• TTD-DR has been shown to outperform existing deep research agents like OpenAI DR in generating long-form reports and answering complex queries, achieving better results across various benchmarks.
• The framework is available on Google Cloud Platform.

Overall, TTD-DR represents a significant advancement in AI research tools, offering a more coherent and efficient approach to report writing.

No summary available.

Summary: Driving Complex Decisions

This article discusses how to effectively make complex decisions in engineering. It emphasizes a structured approach that is collaborative and quick while avoiding common pitfalls.

Key Points:

1. Embrace Multiple Solutions: There are often many viable solutions to technical challenges. Instead of seeking the "golden path" (the single best solution), focus on generating a workable proposal quickly.

2. Initial Proposal as a "Provocation": Your first draft should be seen as a starting point for discussion, not the final solution. This allows for input and feedback from the team, which leads to better outcomes.

3. Involve the Team: After presenting your initial idea, gather thoughts and critiques from team members. This helps refine the proposal and ensures everyone understands the pros and cons of various options.

4. Make the Final Decision: Identify an accountable leader to make the final call based on the team's insights. This leader should have the most at stake in the decision's outcome.

5. Follow a Checklist: Use a structured checklist to guide the decision-making process through steps like creating proposals, sharing, gathering feedback, and finalizing decisions.

6. Focus on Collaboration: The best decisions come from collective input, not isolation. Encourage team members to challenge ideas and collaborate openly.

7. Accept Imperfection: The initial proposal doesn’t need to be perfect. Starting with an imperfect idea can spark valuable discussions and lead to better solutions.

8. Value the Impact: Understand that your decisions affect many people and the future of your organization. Approach them with care and confidence.

By trusting the collaborative process and being open to feedback, you can navigate complex decisions effectively and lead your team toward successful outcomes.

Summary of "My ed(1) Toolbox" by Artyom Bologov

Artyom Bologov is a big fan of the text editor ed(1), using it for various tasks like editing Git files and generating static sites. He lists several versions and scripts he utilizes:

1. GNU ed + red: GNU ed is a widely used text editor available on most UNIX systems. It's reliable and scriptable. Red is a restricted version of ed but is considered less useful by the author.

2. oed (OpenBSD ed): This version is more portable than GNU ed, which has non-standard features. Artyom uses OpenBSD ed to ensure his scripts work across different systems.

3. wed (ed wImproved): This modern version supports scripting and offers a more user-friendly experience. While Artyom doesn't use it much, he suggests it for newcomers.

4. aed (Blasphemy Against Minimalism): This is a more interactive version of ed that enhances usability with features like syntax highlighting.

5. xed: A script that simplifies scripting tasks compared to traditional ed commands, making it easier to use.

Artyom expresses disdain for sed and ex, stating that they are less compatible with ed(1). He has also created his own versions of ed(1) in different programming languages as a fun experiment.

In conclusion, he encourages everyone to use and appreciate ed(1), especially the aed version for a better experience.

Summary

This repository contains Rust examples for low-level, platform-independent drivers for STMicroelectronics sensors. Each driver is organized in a dedicated folder named after the sensor's part number (e.g., lsm6dsv16x-rs). There is also a utility folder for additional resources.

Key Points:

1. Folder Structure:

   • Each sensor driver folder includes:
     • The driver as a submodule and crate on crates.io.
     • An examples folder with projects to test the sensor.
     • A README file with driver-specific information.

2. Integration:

   • The drivers are platform-independent. To use them, set up the sensor bus (I2C or SPI), provide the bus instance, and configure any interrupt pins and delays.
   • A BusOperation trait allows for generic bus configurations.

3. Source Code Examples:

   • The document provides code snippets for using the drivers with different frameworks (Embassy and STM32) for both I2C and SPI setups.

4. Requirements:

   • A Rust compiler targeting the MCU and adherence to the Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV) for each sensor.

5. Running Examples:

   • Examples are primarily designed for STM32 Microcontrollers, particularly the NUCLEO_F401RE, but can be adapted for other platforms.
   • Schematics for STMicroelectronics evaluation boards help set up I2C or SPI communication.

For more information, visit STMicroelectronics.

The author shares updates about libghostty, a library designed for embedding terminal emulation in applications. The first version, called libghostty-vt, is a lightweight library that offers an API for handling terminal sequences and maintaining terminal states without relying on other libraries like libc.

The need for libghostty arises from the many programs that implement terminal emulation in inconsistent and often buggy ways. By providing a standardized library, libghostty aims to save developers time and improve reliability across different applications.

Libghostty-vt is built from the core of Ghostty and includes features like optimized parsing, Unicode support, and compatibility with various terminal protocols. It is targeted for macOS and Linux initially, with plans for broader support in the future.

The author is seeking feedback from developers as they finalize the API. Currently, the library is in an alpha stage, and while the Zig API is ready for testing, the C API is still under development. The goal is to release a stable version of libghostty-vt within six months.

Overall, libghostty aims to be a robust, cross-platform solution for terminal emulation, benefiting both the libghostty library and the Ghostty application itself.

No summary available.

In a recent scenario, the BEAM ecosystem faced a potential security threat from a worm that started with unusual log messages during routine builds. Initially dismissed, these messages became concerning when similar issues appeared across various projects, specifically linked to a newly updated package.

As the worm spread, it caused significant problems, including credential leaks, failed services, and financial losses from a crypto platform. This incident mirrors a real-life occurrence where a worm exploited a compromised package, affecting numerous projects.

The BEAM ecosystem, which includes Erlang, Elixir, and Gleam, is at risk despite being smaller and potentially having fewer dependencies compared to larger ecosystems. The current security measures are lacking, with optional two-factor authentication, long-lived API keys, and no automated malware detection.

To combat these risks, the Erlang Ecosystem Foundation's Ægis Initiative proposes several improvements, including mandatory two-factor authentication, trusted publishing practices, and better scanning for vulnerabilities.

Success in enhancing security requires funding and support from companies using BEAM in production. Investing in these measures is crucial to prevent future incidents and ensure the ecosystem's safety.

In 2025, a mysterious billboard in San Francisco led to a highly addictive coding challenge called the Berghain Challenge, created by Listen Labs. The challenge attracted over 30,000 participants who competed to optimize a problem involving accepting or rejecting people based on specific criteria, with a trip to Berlin's exclusive nightclub, Berghain, and a job interview as the prize.

The challenge began with a cryptic billboard featuring five numbers, which were decoded to reveal a puzzle link. This simple yet intriguing mystery sparked widespread interest among engineers, leading to a massive influx of players.

Participants faced a complex optimization problem where they had to fill exactly 1,000 spots while adhering to various constraints without rejecting too many people. The challenge became intense as Listen Labs’ servers struggled to handle the volume of players, causing frustration but also increasing engagement.

As players sought solutions, many developed different algorithms to tackle the problem, sharing insights and collaborating on platforms like GitHub. The competition fostered a strong sense of community where individuals shared strategies and supported one another.

The author, initially a novice in algorithms, managed to rank #16 through iterative improvements and experimentation with various strategies. They learned valuable lessons about optimization, including that simple solutions often outperform complex ones, and that fast iteration is key to success.

Overall, the Berghain Challenge was not just about winning but about the journey of problem-solving and community building. It highlighted the joy of programming and collaboration, proving that such challenges can be both rigorous and enjoyable.

No summary available.

Chinese workers in the U.S. are considering moving to Europe due to concerns over proposed changes to the H-1B visa program by former President Trump, which included a $100,000 fee for new applicants. This announcement caused panic among H-1B visa holders, leading many to rush back to the U.S. to avoid being affected by the policy. Despite the clarification that the fee would only apply to new applicants, the uncertainty has left many feeling anxious and eager to leave the U.S. for more stable environments in Europe. However, moving to Europe poses its own challenges, such as language barriers and lower salaries.

No summary available.

The author shares their journey in improving a motorcycle brake light system called BrakeBright. Since its launch, feedback from riders has been positive, motivating ongoing enhancements.

During a long motorcycle ride, the author noticed a problem where the brake light flickered at high speeds, even without braking. The motion sensor used in the device could not differentiate between actual braking and other vibrations. Initially, the author used averaging and low pass filters to smooth the data, but those methods still resulted in false positives.

To improve accuracy, the author switched to using the median for data analysis, which better represented actual riding conditions. They also adjusted the timing of sensor readings to avoid syncing with engine vibrations, introducing randomness to the sampling intervals.

To speed up testing, the author creatively used a vibrator to simulate engine vibrations, allowing for quicker adjustments without long test rides. They implemented a delay system for the brake light activation, which helps filter out false signals while retaining responsiveness during real braking events. This approach made the BrakeBright system smarter and more reliable.

The author emphasizes their commitment to continuous improvement based on real-world testing and user feedback, inviting riders to support the project and share their experiences.

The text discusses a current trend in web development focused on reducing reliance on JavaScript frameworks, highlighting concepts like "JavaScript Fatigue" and "HTML Over The Wire." The key figure in this movement is HTMX, which promotes using HTML attributes for interactivity instead of JavaScript. The author appreciates the idea of writing HTML first but criticizes HTMX for lacking structure, leading to messy code.

To address this, the author created MESH, a modular server-side rendering (SSR) framework that encourages a "one component = one endpoint" model. This approach allows for a clean integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, making it feel like a single-page application (SPA).

The author experimented with the Go programming language and HTMX, aiming to create a standard way to use HTMX with Web Components. They implemented features like basic interactivity and drag-and-drop functionality while navigating the limitations of HTMX, particularly its inability to work with shadow DOM.

The project also included real-time collaboration through server-sent events (SSE), which the author found to simplify the code and improve modular updates. Ultimately, the author decided to replace HTMX with their own JavaScript modules, concluding that while HTMX is a friendly tool for developers, MESH offers a more flexible and cleaner solution for their needs.

The core takeaway is that MESH aims to provide a generalizable way to implement modular SSR, drawing inspiration from existing frameworks while avoiding their constraints. The author plans to continue developing MESH for future projects.

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Klavis AI is launching Strata, an open-source server designed to help AI agents use various API tools more effectively. Unlike traditional systems that present all tools at once, Strata guides AI step-by-step to find the tools it needs without overwhelming it.

Key issues with AI agents include difficulty in selecting the right API from many options, excessive information consuming resources, and limitations on the number of tools available. Strata addresses these by breaking down the process, allowing AI to explore categories and select specific actions progressively.

For example, when querying GitHub, Jira, or Slack, Strata helps the AI identify the right categories and actions, enabling it to execute tasks with accurate parameters. This method provides deeper access to features compared to standard integrations.

Strata excels in performance, showing significant improvements in pass rates over official servers and achieving over 83% accuracy in complex workflows. Users can connect external servers to Strata, and it is available for free on GitHub. For more advanced features, users can visit Klavis AI's website.

The system can be integrated into applications like Cursor and VS Code easily, and there’s an API available for further customization. Klavis AI welcomes feedback on Strata.

This post introduces a series on how AI is empowering product, UX, and engineering teams, particularly in coding at HubSpot. Over two years, HubSpot transitioned from cautious trials of AI coding tools to widespread adoption within its engineering team.

Key points include:

1. AI Transformation: HubSpot has seen significant changes in software development through AI tools, particularly GitHub Copilot, which they began testing in mid-2023. Early support from leaders helped accelerate the pilot process.

2. Successful Pilot: The initial pilot involved entire teams to foster collaboration and shared learning. They provided training, created a support channel, and measured productivity to ensure the tool's effectiveness.

3. Positive Results: Early feedback was encouraging, with modest productivity improvements justifying the investment in AI tools.

4. Central Team Creation: To manage the growing demand for AI tools, HubSpot formed a Developer Experience AI team in late 2024 to enhance adoption, advocate for AI use, and streamline procurement processes.

5. Increased Adoption: After initially imposing restrictions, HubSpot removed them in May 2024, leading to rapid adoption. They focused on peer validation, shared quantitative success stories, and curated experiences to encourage further use.

6. AI Fluency: By achieving 90% adoption, HubSpot made AI fluency a requirement for engineers, recognizing its importance for career growth and the company's future.

The post concludes by hinting at future topics, including advancements in AI coding agents and the development of new tools.

Zed is changing its AI usage model from prompt-based limits to token-based pricing. This change is effective immediately for new users and will roll out over the next three months for current users. The new model will include access to more AI models like GPT-5 and Gemini 2.5, while reducing costs by 50%.

Key Changes:

• New pricing structure based on token usage.
• Current users receive three months’ notice before migrating.
• Users can still use Zed without paying by bringing their own API keys or using local models.

The shift to token-based pricing allows for clearer costs aligned with actual usage and simplifies the addition of new models. Zed aims to focus on building a better code editor rather than managing complex pricing structures.

Migration Timeline:

• Pro users have until December 17, 2025, to transition to the new pricing.
• Free users will switch to the new Free plan on October 15, 2025, with a new trial period.
• Trial users will revert to the old Free plan and follow the same migration path.

Zed is committed to providing various options for using AI and encourages users to try the platform on macOS or Linux.

Summary of Björk's Views on Nature and Technology

Björk, an influential Icelandic artist, has been active since childhood, releasing her first album at age 11 and continuing to produce innovative music and art. She believes that nature and technology should coexist harmoniously for a hopeful future. Growing up in Iceland, she feels a strong connection to both elements, seeing technology as essential for survival.

Björk's interest in technology began early, inspired by experiences like visiting a dentist's office. She emphasizes the importance of integrating technology into creative processes, as seen in her project "Biophilia," where she explored music education through interactive technology. She often collaborates with others to experiment with new tools and concepts, particularly in virtual reality (VR), which she finds exciting and full of potential.

Her work in VR is a gradual exploration, moving from structured projects like "Black Lake" to more spontaneous creations. She enjoys the challenge of figuring out how to present music in immersive ways, believing that VR can both complement and challenge reality.

Björk approaches her projects with flexibility, often adapting to circumstances rather than sticking to a strict plan. She values interaction and immersion in her exhibitions, allowing audiences to engage with her music and art on a personal level. Her latest work, "Björk Digital," focuses on creating an interactive experience for participants.

Throughout her career, Björk has maintained a balance between her artistic pursuits and technological innovations, striving to find new ways to connect with her audience while staying true to her roots and passions.

Summary of Webshell Collision

This document highlights a situation where two PHP files, webshell.php and normal.php, have the same MD5 hash, indicating they are identical in terms of content.

• Files Involved:

  • webshell.php
  • normal.php

• MD5 Hash: Both files share the same hash: b719a17ae091ed45fb874c15b2d9663f.

• Hexdump Information:

  • The hexdump shows the binary representation of both files.
  • webshell.php contains code that can execute commands via a GET request, indicating it is likely a webshell (a backdoor for remote access).
  • normal.php appears to have benign content.

• Implication: The similarity in hashes may allow webshell.php to evade detection by systems that rely on cached signatures for identifying malicious webshells.

• Reference Link: There is a Chinese link provided for further details.

This situation emphasizes the need for careful analysis and detection methods to differentiate between malicious and benign files, even when they share the same hash.