Coding agents, despite recent advancements in artificial intelligence, are still not capable of fully replacing human software developers. While models like OpenAI's GPT-5 have shown exceptional performance in programming contests, the main limitation for coding agents is lack of context rather than intelligence.

Currently, coding agents operate on a limited autonomy spectrum, with most reliably functioning at Level 2, where they can handle small tasks but still require significant human oversight. The challenges they face when tackling programming tasks usually stem from either a lack of intelligence or a lack of context.

For coding agents to work effectively, they need access to not just code, but also documentation, output results, and a deep understanding of the codebase and its nuances. This includes knowledge of architectural patterns, historical decisions, development practices, and business requirements—all of which are often not documented in a single source.

Key points to improve coding agents include:

1. Access to More Context: They need broader and deeper context than they currently have, which involves complex preprocessing of information.
2. Human Guidance: Experienced developers will still need to assist agents by providing essential information that isn't documented.
3. Self-Awareness: Agents should learn to recognize when they lack context and ask for human assistance instead of proceeding blindly.

Overall, addressing these context-related challenges is crucial for the future development of autonomous coding agents.

Summary: Fast UDP I/O for Firefox in Rust

Motivation
Firefox uses HTTP/3, which relies on QUIC and UDP, leading to significant UDP I/O activity. The existing network I/O framework, NSPR, is outdated and lacks modern capabilities that enhance performance, such as multi-message APIs and segmentation offloading. This project aims to update Firefox's UDP I/O stack with modern system calls to improve performance and security.

Project Overview
Starting in mid-2024, the goal was to rewrite the QUIC UDP I/O stack using Rust, a memory-safe language. This was done by building on the quinn-udp library, which is part of the Quinn project. The project supports multiple platforms, including Windows, Android, MacOS, and Linux. By mid-2025, the new implementation began rolling out, showing significant performance improvements.

Key Improvements

1. Batching Datagrams: Instead of sending individual datagrams, Firefox now can send multiple datagrams at once using modern system calls like sendmmsg and recvmmsg on Linux.
2. Segmentation Offloading: Firefox can send large UDP datagrams that are segmented by the OS or network interface, reducing overhead.
3. Platform-Specific Optimizations:
   • Windows: Faced issues with large segmented datagrams that prevented some sites from loading. Currently, the optimization is disabled due to these bugs.
   • MacOS: Transitioned to using sendmsg and recvmsg, but lacks segmentation offloading capabilities.
   • Linux: Utilizes GSO and GRO for optimal performance.
   • Android: Encountered challenges due to differences in socket handling; adjustments were made to support older versions of Android.

Other Features
The new implementation supports explicit congestion notifications (ECN), enhancing network performance. Telemetry shows about 50% of QUIC connections support ECN.

Conclusion
Firefox has successfully updated its QUIC UDP I/O stack, leading to improved throughput and security. While some optimizations still need refinement, the overall advancements position Firefox well for future UDP usage as QUIC adoption increases.

Summary of Key Points:

1. Understanding Messes: Messes consist of information and people. Recognizing and organizing this complexity is essential, as knowledge and users are intricate.

2. Intent Matters: Clearly stating your intent is crucial. Goodness is subjective, and effective communication is vital for clarity in purpose.

3. Confronting Reality: Acknowledging reality helps in finding solutions. It involves various players and contexts. Using diagrams can aid in visualizing complex realities.

4. Choosing a Direction: Transitioning from understanding "why" to defining "what" is important. Language shapes our designs, and understanding relationships between concepts is key.

5. Measuring Progress: There is often a gap between reality and intent. Setting goals and using indicators helps track progress. It’s normal for measurements to be imprecise.

6. Structuring Information: Different ways to categorize information exist. Taxonomies help organize knowledge, and it’s important to balance clarity and flexibility in classification.

7. Adapting to Change: Adjustments are necessary in reality. Open discussions and clear communication help navigate complexities in information architecture.

Overall, the book emphasizes the importance of clarity, organization, and adaptability in dealing with complex information environments.

Summary of DeepFabric

DeepFabric is a tool designed to create high-quality synthetic datasets for training language models, conducting evaluations, and supporting research. It uses a topic-driven approach to generate diverse and contextually rich data.

Key Features:

• Three-Stage Pipeline: DeepFabric transforms a simple prompt into a complete dataset through:

  1. Topic Generation: Creates a hierarchical structure or complex graph of topics.
  2. Dataset Generation: Produces relevant training examples based on the topics.
  3. Packaging: Formats the dataset for immediate use.

• Topic Trees and Graphs:

  • Topic Trees: Best for clear hierarchical domains (like academic subjects).
  • Topic Graphs: Ideal for interconnected domains (like technical concepts) that require a more complex representation.

Getting Started:

1. Installation: Follow simple steps to set up DeepFabric.
2. Configuration: Use a YAML format for detailed control over data generation.
3. Generation: Quickly create your first dataset with practical examples.

Integration:

DeepFabric works well with various machine learning platforms, such as OpenAI and Hugging Face, allowing easy export of datasets with metadata.

Next Steps:

• Refer to the Installation Guide and the First Dataset tutorial to begin using DeepFabric effectively.

No summary available.

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Summary of Traefik's 10-Year Journey

Traefik, a reverse proxy project, began in 2015 when its creator, Emile Vauge, shared it on Hacker News. Initially aimed at simplifying container routing for developers, Traefik quickly gained popularity, reaching significant milestones in its first decade.

In its early days, managing microservices was challenging. Traditional load balancers struggled with dynamic environments, so Traefik was designed to automatically configure itself based on active services. The response was overwhelming, leading to millions of downloads, thousands of GitHub stars, and numerous community contributions.

Over the years, Traefik evolved through several key versions:

• v1: Introduced automatic service discovery and HTTPS integration.
• v2: Redesigned the system for better flexibility, adding support for TCP/UDP and Kubernetes.
• v3: Focused on modern standards and ease of upgrades.

The project has adapted to the changing cloud-native landscape, transitioning from experimental to stable, production-ready infrastructure. Looking ahead, Traefik aims to address operational challenges with future updates, including a new NGINX compatibility layer and advanced routing features.

The community plays a vital role in Traefik's development, with many contributors worldwide helping improve its functionality and documentation. To celebrate its 10th anniversary, Traefik is rewarding the next 50 contributors with limited-edition t-shirts.

As Traefik continues to grow, it remains committed to enhancing infrastructure automation for developers.

The text describes the styling and layout of various web elements using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). Here are the key points simplified:

1. Layout Containers: Several layout containers are defined, which use flexbox for arrangement. They are set to wrap content and have no padding or borders.

2. Responsive Design: There is a media query that adjusts the layout for screens smaller than 700 pixels, ensuring that elements take up the full width.

3. Dividers: A divider element is styled to be a horizontal line with a specific height and color, helping to separate sections visually.

4. Element Positioning: Some elements have absolute positioning for backgrounds, ensuring they cover the entire area of their container.

Overall, the CSS focuses on creating flexible, responsive layouts with visual dividers for better organization of content.

Summary of Translating a Fortran F-16 Simulator to Unity3D

The author discusses their experience translating an F-16 flight simulator from Fortran to Unity3D, using insights from the textbook "Aircraft Control and Simulation." The Fortran code includes a flight model based on wind tunnel data, but it is challenging due to its complexity and use of US customary units.

Key Points:

1. Source Code Availability: The original Fortran code is accessible on GitHub, and the resulting project can be played on itch.io.

2. Understanding Aerospace Conventions: The project requires converting aerospace coordinate systems and units into those used by Unity3D. This involves transforming axis orientations and unit measurements, such as changing feet to meters and slugs to kilograms.

3. Flight Simulator Development: The author contrasts their previous flight simulator, which uses high-level parameters (like turn rate), with the F-16 model that operates on low-level parameters. This transition aims to improve simulation accuracy.

4. Air Data Calculations: The simulator needs to compute various air data, including static and dynamic pressures, which are crucial for determining airspeed and altitude. This involves translating Fortran subroutines into C# for Unity.

5. Lookup Tables: The flight model uses lookup tables to represent complex aerodynamic behaviors. The author explains how to implement these tables in Unity by translating Fortran interpolation functions.

6. Challenges: The author notes the difficulty of working with Fortran and its conventions, particularly the use of less intuitive units and variable names.

Overall, the project illustrates the challenges and methodologies involved in translating a complex aerospace simulation from one programming language and system to another while maintaining accuracy in flight dynamics.

Summary

The Genode OS framework is a new type of operating system designed to handle the complexity of modern computing securely. It organizes software components like device drivers and applications to enhance security. Genode is an open-source toolkit suitable for various devices, from embedded systems to general-purpose computers.

There are three main books to help users:

1. Genode Applications: A beginner's guide for developing applications on Genode and Sculpt OS, covering key libraries, debugging aids, and advanced tutorials.
2. Genode Foundations: A comprehensive overview of the Genode OS framework's architecture, development environment, and programming interface.
3. Genode Platforms: A document focusing on low-level hardware topics for device driver developers.

Recent updates include:

• Genode 25.08 (Aug 2025): Introduced a new scheduler and updated Linux drivers.
• Genode 25.05 (May 2025): Improved API security and enhanced graphics drivers.
• Sculpt OS 25.04 (Apr 2025): Added multi-monitor support and updated the Chromium web engine.
• Road Map for 2025: Focused on improving Genode's clarity, rigidity, and performance.

No summary available.

The text discusses the quest to find a chess position with more than 218 moves, a record set by grandmaster Nenad Petrović in 1964. Despite efforts to surpass this record using computer science, it has been confirmed that no reachable chess position exceeds 218 moves. The author explores various strategies and mathematical approaches to analyze chess positions, such as eliminating unnecessary pieces, simplifying rules, and using optimization techniques.

Key points include:

• The impossibility of checking all possible chess positions due to their vast number.
• The importance of filtering positions that do not contribute to the number of moves.
• The conclusion that 218 moves is indeed the maximum for reachable positions, based on rigorous analysis.
• The author also confirmed other records, such as the best known positions with 144 moves and an illegal position with 288 moves.

Lastly, the author invites others to explore similar chess problems and offers tools for further research.

No summary available.

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Large Language Models (LLMs) are popular for creating AI, but they have a security issue: they can't tell the difference between code and data. This makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where they can be misled into executing inappropriate commands. While some results may be humorous, like a customer support agent speaking like a pirate, other outcomes can be much more harmful.

Nadia Eldeib shares her experience using AI coding agents, particularly Claude Code, to rebuild her startup's website, CodeYam. As a non-engineer founder, she aimed to implement new designs without hiring developers or learning to code extensively.

Her tech stack included tools like VS Code, Claude Code CLI, GitHub CLI, and Figma. Although she encountered issues with Claude's response quality and unexpected changes, she found the process rewarding. She created a workflow similar to typical software development, using branches and pull requests, and even asked Claude to review her work as if it were a co-founder or CTO.

Nadia faced challenges like cluttered files from Figma, Claude stopping mid-task, and occasionally going off track, which required her to revert changes. Despite these issues, she emphasized the importance of human oversight when using AI, noting that while Claude was helpful, she wouldn't trust it with production code without close monitoring. Overall, she found the experience transformative for her ability to manage website development.

Summary:

The article discusses a new AI agent called "Wayfinding AI," designed to help users navigate health information more effectively. Traditional AI tools often provide generic answers, making it difficult for users to find relevant information for their unique situations. In contrast, Wayfinding AI proactively asks clarifying questions to better understand the user's health concerns, similar to how a doctor would.

The research involved user studies with 163 participants, revealing that users preferred a conversational approach where the AI asks questions before providing answers. This method made interactions feel more personal and helped users articulate their concerns better.

Key features of Wayfinding AI include:

1. Proactive Guidance: The AI asks targeted questions to clarify user needs.
2. Best-Effort Answers: It offers initial answers based on shared information while inviting further detail for better responses.
3. Transparent Reasoning: The AI explains how user responses shape its answers.

A randomized study with 130 participants showed that users found Wayfinding AI more helpful and relevant compared to a standard AI model. Conversations with Wayfinding AI were longer and more engaging, especially when users needed to understand symptoms.

Overall, the research indicates that a more interactive and personalized AI can significantly enhance the way people seek and receive health information online.

AI often produces similar stories because of a phenomenon called mode collapse. This happens when the AI relies on the safest and most common patterns from its training data, leading to stories that are just slight variations of one another. For instance, the AI named Claude tends to favor themes like lighthouses and cartographers.

No summary available.

The Dyson Pure Cool-Me is a personal air purifier and fan that costs around £300, making it a luxury item not accessible to everyone. The reviewer received it as a gift and appreciates its functionality, despite acknowledging that it’s not a necessity and is expensive for what it offers.

The Cool-Me is designed for individual use, providing quiet cooling and filtering out allergens, which is helpful for those with hay fever. It's marketed as "bladeless," meaning it has no visible blades, making it safer around children. It operates quietly, consuming low power, and can be left on for extended periods at a low cost.

However, the device has some drawbacks: it has a limited range remote control, its external power supply is bulky, and it lacks downward airflow adjustment. The HEPA filter, while effective, is costly to replace at about £70, and it's unclear how long it lasts. Although compatible filters are available at lower prices, their effectiveness compared to the original is uncertain.

Overall, while the Cool-Me improves the user’s comfort, its high price and the challenge of maintaining the filter may limit its appeal, leading to its discontinuation by Dyson.

Google DeepMind has released updated versions of its AI models, Gemini 2.5 Flash and Flash-Lite, on September 25, 2025. These new versions aim to improve quality and efficiency.

Key improvements include:

• Quality and Speed: Enhanced performance compared to previous models.
• Cost Reduction: Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite has a 50% reduction in output tokens, leading to lower costs, while Gemini 2.5 Flash has a 24% reduction.
• Better Instruction Following: The Flash-Lite model is now better at understanding and following complex instructions.
• Conciseness: Both models provide shorter and more efficient responses, which is beneficial for high-throughput tasks.
• Enhanced Capabilities: The updates include better audio transcription, image understanding, and translation quality.

Early testers have reported positive feedback, noting significant performance improvements, especially for tasks requiring more complex interactions.

To make it easier to access the latest models, Google introduced a “-latest” alias for each model, which always points to the most recent version. Users will receive a two-week notice before any updates or deprecations.

These releases are part of ongoing efforts to refine and innovate Gemini technology, with more updates expected in the future.

The text discusses the history and various versions of the classic video game "Prince of Persia," created by the author over 35 years ago. Here are the key points:

1. Original Version: The game was first developed on the Apple II, where the author programmed all aspects, making it a special version for him.

2. PC Version: The 1990 DOS/Windows version improved graphics and sound and is often recommended for nostalgic players. It became the basis for most later versions.

3. Amiga Port: Developed by Dan Gorlin, this version was made alongside the PC version and was well-received.

4. Commodore 64: A planned port for this system was never approved due to the platform being outdated, but a fan-made version was released in 2011.

5. Macintosh Port: The author personally oversaw the Mac version, which faced delays but eventually became successful when packaged with a re-release of the PC version.

6. Other Ports: Many other versions were created for various consoles and computers, but the author had limited involvement with them.

7. Super Nintendo Version: This version expanded the game significantly, adding new levels and elements, and the author enjoyed playing it as a new experience.

8. Legacy: The author reflects on how players' favorite versions of the game are often tied to their personal memories, regardless of the specific platform. He encourages readers to explore his books for more insights into the game's creation.

Overall, the piece highlights the evolution of "Prince of Persia" through various platforms and its impact on players over the years.

Summary of ChatGPT Pulse Introduction

On September 25, 2025, a new feature called ChatGPT Pulse was introduced for Pro users on mobile. This feature allows ChatGPT to proactively provide personalized updates based on your past chats, feedback, and connected apps, such as your calendar.

Key Features:

• Proactive Research: ChatGPT gathers relevant information each night and delivers tailored updates the next day.
• Customizable Content: Users can curate what ChatGPT researches by providing feedback and specifying interests.
• Integration with Apps: Connecting Gmail and Google Calendar allows for more relevant suggestions, like meeting agendas or reminders.
• Daily Updates: Each morning, users receive a focused set of updates, with options to save or request more information.

User Feedback: Initial testing with college students highlighted the importance of user feedback in improving the relevance of updates.

Future Development: ChatGPT Pulse aims to evolve into a more proactive assistant that not only provides information but also assists with planning and actions based on user preferences. This feature is expected to expand its capabilities by integrating with more applications and delivering timely updates throughout the day.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has captured stunning images of a star-forming region in our Milky Way called Sagittarius B2, located about 390 light-years from the galaxy's center. This cloud is the largest and most active area for star formation in the galaxy, containing enough gas to create 3 million sun-like stars. Despite having only 10% of the molecular gas found in the galactic center, B2 is responsible for half of the star formation there, presenting a mystery for astronomers.

JWST's advanced infrared technology allows it to see through dust and reveal details about B2's star formation. Researchers are curious whether star formation in this region has been ongoing for millions of years or if it has recently accelerated. Understanding B2's unique star formation could provide insights into conditions in the early universe after the Big Bang, helping scientists learn more about the factors that influence star birth in our galaxy.

You have been chosen to complete a CAPTCHA to confirm your requests. Please fill it out below and click the button to proceed.

Cloudflare has announced a private beta for its new Email Service, which simplifies sending transactional emails directly from Cloudflare Workers. This service builds on their existing Email Routing product, aiming to provide a unified experience for developers handling email communications.

Key points include:

1. Ease of Use: Developers can send emails easily by integrating with Cloudflare Workers, eliminating the hassle of managing API keys and secrets.

2. Deliverability Focus: The service emphasizes reliable email delivery, ensuring that important messages reach users' inboxes quickly. It automatically configures necessary DNS records to enhance trust with email providers.

3. Seamless Integration: The Email Service integrates smoothly into existing applications, allowing the use of popular frameworks to send rich HTML emails. Developers can also process incoming emails using Workers, enabling powerful workflows.

4. Complete Solution: The combination of Email Sending and Email Routing offers a comprehensive email solution, allowing applications to send and receive emails effectively.

5. Future Availability: The Email Service will be available in private beta in November, with a paid subscription model based on the number of messages sent.

Overall, Cloudflare's Email Service aims to improve user experience by streamlining email communication for developers and enhancing application workflows.

Summary of Ollama's New Web Search API

Ollama has launched a new web search API that allows users to access up-to-date information from the web, improving the accuracy of AI models and reducing errors. It includes a free tier for individual use, with options for higher limits through Ollama's cloud services.

Key Features:

• The API is available as a REST API and can be integrated into Python and JavaScript applications.
• Users can perform web searches to gather latest information, which can help AI models complete research tasks more effectively.

How to Get Started:

1. API Key: Create an API key from your Ollama account.
2. Using the API: You can make requests via cURL, Python, or JavaScript.
   • Example cURL Request:

     curl https://ollama.com/api/web_search --header "Authorization: Bearer $OLLAMA_API_KEY" -d '{"query": "what is ollama?"}'
     

   • Example Python Code:

     import ollama
     response = ollama.web_search("What is Ollama?")
     print(response)
     

   • Example JavaScript Code:

     const client = new Ollama();
     const results = await client.webSearch({ query: "what is ollama?" });
     console.log(results);
     

Building a Search Agent: You can create a mini search agent using Ollama’s web search and web fetch tools, allowing models to answer user queries effectively by fetching relevant information.

Recent Updates: Ollama has also improved its engine with enhanced model scheduling for better performance and introduced multimodal capabilities for handling both text and vision tasks.

Integration: The web search feature can be integrated into various applications and is available with a free Ollama account, with options for upgraded plans for increased usage.

To get started, sign up for an Ollama account.

No summary available.

On September 23, 2003, AMD released the Athlon 64 CPU, which introduced 64-bit architecture to the x86 platform, challenging Intel's plans. Intel had been reluctant to move to 64-bit due to the complexities of backward compatibility with its long-standing 32-bit architecture. Instead, they preferred to develop a completely new design called Itanium, which struggled to gain traction, especially with Windows.

AMD took a risk by extending x86 to 64 bits, believing there was demand for a 64-bit processor that could still run 32-bit applications. This decision was based on their observation that Itanium was not popular, and they aimed to ease the transition to 64-bit computing.

The Athlon 64 proved to be successful, offering great 32-bit performance while also being backward compatible. It gained popularity in both consumer and enterprise markets, even convincing companies like Dell to adopt AMD processors. Intel eventually responded by copying AMD's 64-bit design, rebranding it as Intel64.

The release of the Athlon 64 marked a significant turning point in CPU design, allowing AMD to compete effectively with Intel and change the landscape of computing. Since then, both companies have continued to evolve and compete with each other in the CPU market.

Summary:

The article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the field of radiology, emphasizing that AI is not replacing human radiologists. Despite advancements in AI, the demand for radiologists is at an all-time high, with more residency positions available and higher salaries in the field.

Key points include:

1. AI Capabilities: AI models like CheXNet can detect conditions like pneumonia with high accuracy and speed. However, these models often struggle in real hospital settings and are limited in the variety of conditions they can diagnose.

2. Human Demand: The need for human radiologists remains strong despite the rise of AI, as radiologists perform many tasks beyond just diagnosing images, such as communicating with patients and clinicians.

3. Regulatory Hurdles: There are significant legal and regulatory challenges that hinder the widespread adoption of fully autonomous AI in radiology. Most AI tools are classified as assistive, requiring a human to review the results.

4. Performance Gaps: AI models often do not perform as well in clinical practice as they do in controlled tests. Factors like data quality, image variability, and the need for human context contribute to these discrepancies.

5. Increased Workload: As AI tools improve, radiologists may find themselves busier rather than losing jobs. AI can lead to more imaging being done, as it makes the process faster and cheaper.

Overall, the article highlights that while AI has the potential to enhance radiology, it is not a straightforward replacement for human expertise. Instead, AI and human radiologists are likely to work together, with AI taking on specific tasks while human professionals manage the broader responsibilities of care.

Summary:

The author explores using Postgres as a caching solution instead of Redis, focusing on performance comparisons between the two databases in a simple HTTP server setup. The experiment runs on a local Kubernetes cluster with both databases configured with standard settings. The author implements caching functionality for both Redis and Postgres and seeds each with 30 million entries for benchmarking.

Key findings from the benchmarks reveal:

1. Performance: Redis consistently outperforms Postgres in terms of requests per second and latency. For instance, Redis achieved around 11,258 requests per second, while Postgres managed about 7,425.

2. Resource Usage: Redis utilized approximately 3,800 MiB of RAM, while Postgres used about 5,000 MiB. Redis was less affected by CPU constraints compared to Postgres, which maxed out its CPU usage during tests.

3. Write Performance: Using unlogged tables in Postgres improved write performance but still did not match Redis's speed. The difference was more pronounced in write-heavy scenarios.

4. Conclusion: Despite Redis being faster, the author prefers Postgres due to its integration with existing projects and the reduction of dependencies. Postgres can still handle a substantial load and is sufficient for many applications. The author emphasizes maintaining an interface for caching to easily switch between systems if needed.

Overall, while Redis is faster for caching, Postgres remains a viable option for projects requiring a database, especially when managing key expiration can be handled through additional columns and cron jobs.

No summary available.

Large neural network models, particularly language and image models, are becoming more complex and harder to deploy due to their memory demands. To address this, researchers have created a new type of neural network layer called "binary normalized layers," which only use single-bit parameters (values of 0 or 1) for all their weights and biases. These layers can be applied to various types of networks, like convolutional and attention models.

In tests, models using these binary normalized layers performed similarly to traditional models that use 32-bit parameters, while requiring 32 times less memory. This means they can run efficiently on standard computers and even on mobile devices without needing special hardware. This innovation could make it easier and cheaper to use large neural network models in a variety of applications.

Astronomers have traditionally used supercomputers to simulate the Universe, but a new tool called Effort.jl allows these simulations to run on standard laptops. This emulator mimics complex cosmological models with high speed and accuracy, significantly reducing the time and computing power needed for analysis.

Effort.jl combines neural networks with existing physical knowledge to predict cosmic structures quickly. A recent study confirms that it produces results comparable to traditional models while also capturing finer details. This advancement is crucial as astronomical data continues to grow, and it allows scientists to analyze upcoming data from projects like DESI and Euclid more efficiently.

Overall, Effort.jl represents a significant step forward in cosmological research, making powerful simulations accessible without the need for extensive computational resources.

No summary available.

No summary available.

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On January 22, 2024, a guide on exporting Firebase data to BigQuery was shared. This process allows you to enhance your data analysis by moving your Firebase data into BigQuery.

No summary available.

On September 26, 1983, during the Cold War, the Soviet Union's early warning system mistakenly reported a missile launch from the United States. Stanislav Petrov, an officer on duty, suspected the alert was a false alarm. Instead of immediately escalating the situation, he chose to wait for more evidence, which ultimately confirmed there was no missile attack. His decision likely prevented a retaliatory nuclear strike and a potential nuclear war.

At the time, U.S.-Soviet relations were extremely tense, marked by fears of a preemptive U.S. attack. The warning system's malfunction was later attributed to a rare alignment of sunlight reflecting off clouds. Petrov faced scrutiny and was reassigned after the incident, receiving no official recognition for his actions, which some believe embarrassed his superiors. His choice to question the alert has been credited as one of the closest moments to accidental nuclear conflict during the Cold War.

A recent study examined 95 carbon credit projects registered with Verra, the largest voluntary carbon credit registry, and found serious flaws in the auditing process. The research indicated that many carbon credits do not accurately reflect actual emission reductions, which undermines efforts to combat climate change and damages trust in the carbon market. Experts highlighted that the credibility of the market depends on independent verifiers, but the study suggests that auditors may not be truly independent due to conflicts of interest, as they are paid by project developers.

The study pointed out that two-thirds of the auditors involved did not identify significant issues in the projects, raising concerns about the auditing system as a whole. Critics argue that the entire carbon credit system is designed to maximize the number of credits issued, benefiting all parties involved—developers, auditors, registries, and buyers—at the expense of the environment.

Experts are calling for structural reforms, including random selection of auditors and changes in how they are compensated, to improve accountability and effectiveness. Despite these findings, Verra defended its auditing practices and stated it has measures in place to address problems. However, many believe the carbon credit market needs fundamental reforms to ensure it contributes meaningfully to climate change mitigation.

Gabriel Mahler has been researching hedgehog habitats by mapping bramble locations using satellite data and Agent Based Models (ABMs). He created a bramble map by combining satellite imagery data with information from iNaturalist, using a model that includes logistic regression and a k-nearest neighbors classifier.

To test the model, Gabriel and his team took a field trip around Cambridge. They started at Milton Community Centre, where the model predicted brambles would be found. Within seconds, they discovered their first bramble. As they continued, they found many more brambles in areas the model indicated. The model was particularly good at predicting large patches of bramble but less accurate with smaller, partially hidden ones.

They also explored other predicted hotspots and found significant brambles in various locations, including a local nature reserve called Bramblefields. Overall, the team was impressed with the model's performance given its simplicity. They noted the potential for using a mobile setup for real-time data collection and model updates in the future.

Summary of "Resurrect the Old Web"

On September 23, 2025, a news story from Maine highlighted middle schoolers using landline phones because their parents deemed them too young for cell phones. This led to a revival of old-school communication, sparking a conversation about dissatisfaction with modern social media.

Many people feel overwhelmed by social media today, which has become cluttered with ads and addictive algorithms, distancing us from genuine connections. The author suggests that we can reclaim the simpler, more personal aspects of the internet by returning to blogs and RSS feeds.

The idea is to create a "bear blog" that features a collection of blogs the author follows, encouraging others to do the same. This approach would foster connections through hyperlinks, much like the early web. The author shares their favorite blogs and recommends using an RSS reader to keep up with updates.

Ultimately, they believe we can revive the old web and regain control over how we interact online, without relying on social media platforms.

Webhound is an AI tool that creates datasets from the internet based on user prompts. You can describe what data you need, and the AI will find, organize, and output it in a CSV format. There’s a no-signup version available for the HN community, where users can try it as guests.

The tool was developed to automate tedious manual research tasks. Users have applied it for various purposes, such as competitor analysis, lead generation, pricing tracking, investor mapping, research collection, and hypothesis testing.

The initial version of Webhound was expensive and inefficient, but improvements were made by introducing a multi-agent system. This includes different agents for planning, searching, validating, and storing data, which enhanced reliability and reduced costs significantly.

Webhound operates in two phases: planning and extraction. It uses a custom text-based browser for better speed and reliability. Scheduled updates and an API are also available for integrating datasets into workflows.

The current system can handle 1,000 to 5,000 rows of data in one run, and the team is working on scaling it further. They welcome feedback from users and those experienced in similar tools.

David Lattimore recently attended RustForge in Wellington, New Zealand, where he presented a talk on "Wild performance tricks" related to the Wild linker. Here are the key points from his talk:

1. Mutable Slicing for Threads: The Wild linker uses a type called SymbolId to manage symbol resolutions. To facilitate multi-threaded processing, symbols for each object are allocated in contiguous memory, enhancing cache efficiency. This allows for parallel processing of symbol resolutions using the Rayon library.

2. Parallel Initialization of Vec: Lattimore described how to initialize a vector (Vec) in parallel using the sharded-vec-writer crate, which allows multiple threads to fill the vector without waiting for one thread to complete the initialization.

3. Atomic vs. Non-Atomic Conversions: He introduced a method for handling cases where multiple symbols share the same name, using AtomicSymbolId to allow for safe concurrent writes. Lattimore explained how to convert between atomic and non-atomic forms efficiently without introducing performance costs.

4. Buffer Reuse: To improve performance, he discussed strategies to reuse memory allocations rather than creating new ones inside loops. This method helps avoid performance hits from frequent heap allocations.

5. Deallocation on a Separate Thread: Lattimore suggested that freeing large allocations could be done on a separate thread to avoid slowing down processing. He also addressed handling lifetimes in allocations to manage memory safely.

6. Bonus Tip: He provided a technique for managing types with non-static lifetimes and non-trivial drop semantics by replacing references with MaybeUninit, allowing safe movement to other threads without losing efficiency.

Overall, Lattimore's talk focused on optimizing memory management and processing in a multi-threaded environment for the Wild linker, emphasizing performance improvements through innovative coding techniques.

The V8 team has introduced a new feature called the V8 Sandbox to address memory safety bugs in the Chrome browser's JIT compiler. These bugs are often not typical memory corruption issues but rather subtle logic problems that lead to memory corruption. Since V8 is written in C++, simply switching to a memory-safe language like Rust or using hardware memory safety features won't solve these specific challenges.

GraalVM offers a JavaScript engine called GraalJS, which is written in Java and uses the Truffle framework. GraalJS competes with V8 in performance, and its design inherently avoids the same types of memory safety bugs found in V8. This is achieved through a different architecture that ensures the interpreter and JIT compiler share the same implementation of language semantics, reducing the risk of discrepancies that could lead to exploits.

Truffle allows developers to write interpreters that are naturally memory safe due to Java’s features, and it utilizes a technique known as partial evaluation to optimize performance. When user code becomes "hot," the system automatically compiles it into optimized machine code while ensuring that the generated code remains memory safe.

This innovative approach to language runtimes eliminates many subtle safety bugs by ensuring that the compiled code matches the behavior of the interpreter, thus enhancing security. Additionally, Truffle provides various features like debugging and profiling tools, making it versatile for building VMs for multiple programming languages.

YC has introduced a new option called Early Decision for students. This change allows graduating seniors to apply to YC while also interviewing for jobs in the fall. The goal is to help students who want to start their own companies but are concerned about job security. If accepted into YC, they can decline job offers without fear of having no options. This idea isn't new, as YC has offered it informally since 2018, but now it will be more visible and accessible for students.

On September 26, 2025, noyb achieved a victory against the Austrian credit agency KSV1870 and energy provider Unsere Wasserkraft. The Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) ruled that KSV1870's automated credit rating, which led to the complainant being denied an energy contract, was unlawful. The DSB prohibited KSV1870 from conducting such credit checks in the future without consent and criticized both companies for their lack of transparency.

About a year prior, noyb filed a complaint after the complainant was subject to an automated credit rating without their knowledge. The DSB pointed out that under GDPR rules, automated decisions with significant impacts are generally not allowed unless specific conditions are met, such as obtaining explicit consent.

The DSB confirmed that KSV1870's actions violated data protection laws and mandated that they provide clear explanations for their credit ratings. Additionally, the energy provider was reprimanded for failing to be transparent in rejecting the complainant. If they want to continue assessing creditworthiness, they must adjust their processes to comply with the law. The DSB's decision may be appealed by the companies involved.

Summary of "The Wind, a Pole, and the Dragon"

The text discusses a confusing request for help from a Japanese user on a technical forum. The user used machine translation, resulting in a message about installation errors that included strange phrases like "vomit," "goat-time," and "the wind, a pole, and the dragon."

Key points include:

• The user is facing errors when trying to install a runtime, possibly meaning they encounter issues logged in runtime logs.
• The term "spank" might refer to executing a command, and "skill" could mean experience.
• There is speculation about the phrase "insult to father's stones," which could express frustration or refer to software dependencies.
• The phrase "the wind, a pole, and the dragon" remains unclear, with various guesses about its meaning, but no clear explanation.

The author expresses a desire to understand the original message better and invites others to contribute information.

The European Union (EU) is proposing legislation called ChatControl, which would require messaging platforms to scan all private messages and images for illegal content, even in encrypted apps like Signal and WhatsApp. This regulation aims to combat child sexual abuse material (CSAM) but raises significant privacy concerns, as it would effectively eliminate digital privacy for 450 million Europeans.

Key Points:

1. What is ChatControl?

   • A proposed EU regulation aimed at preventing and combating child sexual abuse. It mandates all communication platforms to scan user content.

2. Scope and Coverage:

   • The regulation applies to all services that enable communication, including email, social media, and file sharing platforms, far beyond just messaging apps.

3. How It Works:

   • It uses Client-Side Scanning, analyzing content on users' devices before encryption, which undermines the principle of end-to-end encryption.

4. Real-World Impact:

   • There are concerns about encryption being compromised, high rates of false positives (incorrectly flagged content), and opposition from scientists and privacy advocates. The system could easily be bypassed by determined criminals.

5. Business Interests:

   • The proposal is backed by commercial companies that stand to profit from regulations requiring their surveillance technologies.

6. EU Country Positions:

   • Supporters and opponents of the regulation are divided among EU member states, with significant pushback from countries like Austria and the Netherlands.

7. Consequences:

   • The proposal could weaken cybersecurity, stifle innovation, lead to tech companies leaving Europe, and foster a chilling effect on personal communication.

8. Call to Action:

   • Individuals are encouraged to educate others, sign petitions, contact representatives, and adopt privacy-friendly tools to oppose the legislation.

Conclusion: ChatControl could mark a significant shift towards mass surveillance in Europe. The decision will impact digital privacy rights and set a precedent for governments worldwide. The EU's upcoming decisions on this matter are crucial, as they could redefine the balance between child protection and personal privacy.

Summary: The Theatre of Pull Requests and Code Review

Meks McClure attended the Goatmire Elixir Conference and enjoyed a talk by Saša Jurić called "Tell Me a Story." The presentation combined storytelling with practical advice on code reviews and pull requests (PRs).

Key Points:

1. Challenges in Code Review: Many engineers find code reviews daunting due to large and complex PRs, often resulting in superficial feedback like "Looks Good To Me." This can lead to security issues and unmaintainable code.

2. Reviewable PRs: Saša suggests that PRs should be manageable and should ideally take 5-10 minutes to review. This can be achieved by limiting changes to around 300 lines of code and breaking down larger features into multiple smaller PRs.

3. Storytelling in Commits: Writing commits that tell a clear story helps reviewers understand the changes. Generic commit messages are unhelpful; instead, specific and thoughtful messages provide context.

4. Iterative Process: Saša demonstrated how to maintain a coherent commit history through iterative updates. He emphasized the importance of fixup commits to keep the narrative clear.

5. Clean Commit History: A clean commit history aids in troubleshooting and debugging. Each commit should compile and keep the application runnable, making it easier to identify where bugs were introduced.

6. Collaborative Success: Focused PRs with clear commit stories lead to quicker feedback, better-quality code, and a smoother development process.

In conclusion, when preparing a PR, aim for clarity and simplicity in your commits and keep them manageable. This will benefit both you and your reviewers.

Flock Safety, the company providing surveillance cameras in Evanston, has reinstalled all its previously removed license plate cameras without city authorization. This action follows the city’s order to shut down these cameras after discovering that Flock had improperly allowed federal immigration authorities access to its data.

Despite the city’s cease-and-desist order, Flock reinstalled the cameras, prompting a city spokesperson to state that this was done without permission. The city plans to terminate its contract with Flock, which has caused a dispute that may lead to legal action.

The cameras were initially installed under a contract in 2022 and 2023, but Flock's recent actions have raised concerns about whether the cameras were still active and collecting data after the shutdown order. Data from Flock suggests that some cameras may have remained operational despite the city’s request to deactivate them.

The situation is ongoing, with the city currently trying to ensure the removal of these cameras.

Summary: Reverse-Engineering the LCD Display of the Nest 2nd Gen Thermostat

In this project, the author disassembled a Nest 2nd Gen thermostat to explore its LCD display. After carefully following a teardown guide, they discovered a round LCD module with a flexible connector. They found a part number that led them to a similar display and its datasheet, which provided essential technical specifications.

To work with the small, complex connections of the display, the author designed a breakout board that converted the tiny connections to standard sizes. They faced challenges with the display’s unique 3-wire SPI communication protocol, which required 9-bit data transfers instead of the standard 8-bit. They solved issues like bus contention using resistors and developed code to initialize and control the display.

The author successfully powered the display using an ESP32 microcontroller and addressed performance challenges related to speed and drawing capabilities. They also created a boost converter to power the display's backlight.

Ultimately, the project aimed to repurpose older Nest thermostats before they became obsolete, leading to the development of an open-source alternative called Sett, designed to work with modern home automation systems. Pre-orders for Sett will be available soon.

Summary of Development Priorities for Redox OS (2025/26)

Overview: Redox OS has made significant progress in stability and performance. Here’s a summary of development priorities for the next 15 months.

Key Development Areas:

1. Redox Variants:

   • Hosted Redox: A web services runtime in a virtual machine.
   • Redox Server: Focused on edge and cloud applications.
   • Redox Desktop: A user-friendly daily operating system.

2. Development Priorities:

   • Improve Redox on Redox (self-hosting).
   • Enhance compliance and compatibility with standards.
   • Support various programming languages and build systems.
   • Boost performance and security.
   • Expand hardware support (drivers for various devices).
   • Implement COSMIC, Wayland, and GPU acceleration features.
   • Improve accessibility features.

How to Contribute:

• Donations: Support development through donations or purchasing merchandise.
• Contributing: Engage in development or documentation by joining Redox Chat and collaborating on projects.
• Hiring: Redox is looking for experienced developers and welcomes grant applications for related projects.

Goals for 2026:

• Hosted Redox: Create a secure environment for web services.
• Redox Server: Establish a secure and scalable server environment.
• Redox Desktop: Make the desktop user-friendly and secure while supporting necessary applications.
• Self-Hosting: Enable developers to run and test Redox on Redox itself, improving the overall experience.
• Performance Improvements: Continue enhancing the file system and network performance.
• Security Enhancements: Implement capability-based security for resource access.
• Hardware Compatibility: Focus on developing drivers for essential hardware.

Conclusion: Redox is on an exciting path forward, and contributions from the community are vital. Interested individuals can join the team or follow the progress through Redox Chat.

No summary available.

RedoxFS Summary

RedoxFS is the default filesystem for Redox OS, inspired by ZFS but designed for a microkernel architecture. It replaces the older TFS.

Key Features:

• Compatible with both Redox and Linux (using FUSE).
• Supports copy-on-write.
• Includes data and metadata checksums for integrity.
• Offers transparent encryption.
• Uses standard Unix file attributes.
• Supports files and directories up to 193 TiB in size and can hold up to 4 billion files/directories in that space.
• Disk encryption is supported, allowing the kernel to load from an encrypted partition.
• It is MIT licensed, which means it can be used with other GPL-licensed operating systems like Linux.

Tooling and Usage:

• To work with RedoxFS, you can create, mount, and edit .img files using RedoxFS tooling, which can be installed via:

  cargo install redoxfs
  

  Ensure you have fuse3 installed to avoid errors.

Creating and Mounting a Disk:

1. Create a new RedoxFS image:

   fallocate -l 1G redox.img
   redoxfs-mkfs redox.img
   

2. To mount the disk, first create a directory:

   mkdir ./redox-img
   

   Then mount it with:

   redoxfs redox.img ./redox-img
   

Unmounting:

• To unmount the disk, use:

  fusermount3 ./redox-img
  

Flock Safety is now offering police-style drones for private businesses to help reduce shoplifting in places like shopping centers and warehouses. Companies can install Flock's drone docking stations and, with FAA approval, fly drones to monitor areas. If shoplifters are spotted, security teams can activate drones to follow them, tracking their movements and sharing footage with police if needed.

While Flock is in talks with large retailers, they currently have a contract with a tomato processor in California. The expansion into the private sector follows police departments using drones for quick responses, but it raises concerns about privacy and over-policing, particularly in minority communities. Critics, like the ACLU, worry that this trend could undermine Fourth Amendment protections against unlawful searches. They argue that Flock's growth in surveillance technology poses significant risks to personal privacy.

No summary available.

The Raspberry Pi 500+ is a new all-in-one PC priced at $200, designed to evoke nostalgia for classic computers. It features a high-quality mechanical keyboard with customizable RGB lighting, a 256GB SSD, and 16GB of RAM. Built on the Raspberry Pi 5 platform, it includes a powerful 2.4GHz quad-core processor and supports dual 4K displays and dual-band Wi-Fi.

There's also a $220 Desktop Kit option that includes a mouse, power supply, HDMI cable, and a beginner's guide. The keyboard uses Gateron switches for a satisfying typing experience and is compatible with various keycap styles.

The Raspberry Pi 500+ is designed for heavy workloads and can boot from an SSD or SD card. It represents a significant upgrade over previous models like the Raspberry Pi 400 and is a collaborative effort from the Raspberry Pi team. It aims to be a modern tribute to the home computers of the past.

Proton Mail has completely revamped its mobile apps for iOS and Android, launching Proton Mail v7 on September 25, 2025. The new apps now feature full offline functionality, allowing users to read, write, and organize emails without needing an internet connection. This is particularly beneficial for users in areas with poor connectivity or strict internet regulations.

The apps have been built from scratch using a unified codebase, improving speed and performance, with actions like scrolling and replying now twice as fast. This change also means both platforms will receive updates at the same time.

The design of the apps is cleaner and easier to navigate, enhancing user experience. Proton Mail, known for its focus on privacy and encrypted email services, relies on paid subscriptions rather than ads, differentiating it from many mainstream email providers.

The new mobile apps are rolling out now, with Android users getting automatic updates and iOS users able to download the new version from the App Store.

The text discusses insights from the CPython Core Developer Sprint, where developers focused on three main areas:

1. C API Development: There are plans to improve the current C API by developing the Python Native Interface (PyNI), inspired by HPy. This is still in the early stages and will involve several Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs).

2. Fancy Completer: A feature for colorful tab completions in the Python REPL is being finalized for merging into the standard library, now that PyREPL is included by default.

3. Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation: The author shared experiences from optimizing Python code for PyPy's JIT and discussed similarities and challenges with CPython's new JIT. Key points include:

   • CPython's and PyPy's JITs are both tracing JITs, but they have fundamental differences in how they optimize code.
   • The performance of JIT-compiled code can vary significantly based on the code structure and external factors, complicating performance predictions.
   • Issues like "trace blockers" (calls to non-traceable functions) and "data-driven control flow" (where different data paths lead to excessive unique code paths) can hinder optimization.
   • Generators and asynchronous programming can also negatively impact performance due to the inability of the JIT to optimize them effectively.

Overall, while the JIT offers potential for performance improvements, it brings challenges that require careful consideration and tool support. The author emphasizes the need for awareness and understanding of these challenges as CPython's JIT continues to evolve.

No summary available.

Security researchers have discovered a serious vulnerability that allows hackers to take control of multiple Unitree robots. This flaw is described as "wormable," meaning it can spread from one robot to another. The issue was highlighted during the 2025 INCLUSION Conference in Shanghai, where Unitree showcased their humanoid robot, the G1. This finding raises concerns about the security of robotic systems.

Summary of Aerospace Structures

Introduction
Aerospace structures, including those of aircraft and spacecraft, must be strong, lightweight, and durable to handle various loads. These structures face challenges like extreme temperatures and aerodynamic forces, especially during takeoff, flight, and landing.

Learning Objectives
Key goals include understanding the history of aerospace structures, recognizing primary loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, shear), familiarizing with construction methods, and grasping the finite element method (FEM) for structural analysis. Engineers also focus on preventing buckling and fatigue while enhancing safety through redundancy.

History of Aerospace Structures
The evolution of aerospace structures began with early pioneers like George Cayley and the Wright brothers, who emphasized lightweight materials and robust designs. Over time, materials transitioned from wood and fabric to aluminum alloys and eventually to advanced composites like carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP), which offer better strength-to-weight ratios.

Types of Loads and Stresses
Aerospace structures endure various stresses:

• Compression: Squeezing forces that shorten the structure.
• Tension: Pulling forces that extend it.
• Shear: Opposing forces that cause layers to slide.
• Torsion: Twisting forces.
• Bending: A combination of compression and tension.

Structural Design Concepts
Early aircraft used trusses for support, but modern designs favor continuous structures that incorporate shear webs and stressed-skin techniques, which enhance strength and reduce weight. The wings are critical components, designed with internal structures that provide aerodynamic efficiency and load-bearing capacity.

Fuselage and Empennage Structures
The fuselage serves as the main body, often using monocoque or semi-monocoque designs, which rely on the strength of the skin reinforced by internal supports. The empennage (tail) also follows similar construction principles to ensure stability and control.

Flight Control Structures and Winglets
Control surfaces (ailerons, elevators, rudders) are vital for maneuvering and are typically made from lightweight materials. Winglets, added to reduce drag, improve performance.

Stress Analysis and Design Methodologies
Stress analyses use FEM to evaluate how structures respond to loads, ensuring safety and performance. Engineers design components to handle stresses and implement fail-safe mechanisms to prevent catastrophic failures.

Buckling and Thermal Considerations
Buckling can compromise structural integrity under compression. Engineers address this by reinforcing components and considering thermal expansion due to varying temperatures in flight.

Weight Estimation in Design
Minimizing weight is crucial for performance. Designers use historical data and advanced modeling techniques to estimate and optimize the weight of structures while balancing costs and operational efficiency.

Spacecraft Structures
Similar to aircraft, spacecraft must be lightweight and strong, often using composite materials. Unique challenges arise from managing cryogenic propellants in launch vehicles, requiring careful design to maintain structural integrity under extreme conditions.

Conclusion

The design of aerospace structures is a complex interplay of strength, weight optimization, and material selection. Advanced materials and methods like CFRP and FEM have revolutionized the construction of wings and fuselages, enhancing aircraft and spacecraft performance while ensuring safety and durability.

Summary of "Identity Types"

The article discusses the relationship between mathematics and programming, especially in the context of type theory. It explains how computer programs represent mathematical concepts like numbers and how these representations can be formalized in programming languages, such as Haskell.

Key points include:

1. Types of Equality:

   • There are two kinds of equality in programming: definitional equality (obvious from definitions) and propositional equality (requires proof).
   • In type theory, equality is treated as a type that represents proofs of equality between values.

2. Identity Types:

   • Identity types represent equality between values and depend on the values being compared.
   • If two values are equal, the identity type has proofs (or witnesses) of that equality. If they're not equal, the type is empty.

3. Introduction and Elimination Rules:

   • The introduction rule provides a way to construct witnesses of equality (reflexivity).
   • The elimination rule (or path induction) allows defining functions based on paths (proofs of equality).

4. Categorical Models:

   • The article proposes a categorical interpretation of identity types, modeling them as fibrations.
   • This approach helps establish a unique mapping for identity types, connecting them to concepts in homotopy theory.

Overall, the article lays the groundwork for understanding identity types in a mathematical and programming context, emphasizing their role in type theory and homotopy type theory.

Palette Overview

This text introduces a color palette generator with three modes: Single Hue, Divergent, and a general palette mode. Users can select the number of colors (3 to 8 for basic palettes, more for Single Hue and Divergent) and choose between light or dark backgrounds.

Key Points:

1. Palette Creation: The generator helps create visually balanced color palettes for data visualizations, making it easier to distinguish and compare colors in charts.

2. Single Hue Scale: This mode is best for showing a single variable's value, using darker shades for higher values and lighter shades for lower ones. It is useful when size is fixed, and color is the only distinguishing factor.

3. Divergent Color Scale: Ideal for visualizations showing a spectrum from one extreme to another through a neutral middle. A common application is political data, such as visualizing the political leanings of states.

4. Tips for Effective Palettes:

   • Choose contrasting endpoint colors (e.g., warm vs. cool).
   • If using a brand color, adjust its brightness and saturation for better palettes.
   • For single variable transitions, consider using the Single Hue option, and for dual extremes, use the Divergent option.

5. Additional Resources: The text recommends several resources for learning about color in design and invites user feedback for further improvements to the tool.

Overall, the generator simplifies the process of creating effective color palettes for data visualization, enhancing clarity and user experience.

Gemini Robotics 1.5 is a new advancement in robotics that allows robots to better understand and interact with the physical world. It includes two key models:

1. Gemini Robotics 1.5 - This model translates visual information and instructions into actions for robots, enabling them to tackle complex tasks. It can think through tasks before acting and explain its reasoning, making its decision-making process clearer.

2. Gemini Robotics-ER 1.5 - This model specializes in reasoning about the physical environment and creating detailed plans for tasks. It performs exceptionally well in spatial understanding and can call digital tools for information.

Together, these models help robots learn efficiently across different types of robots and environments, making them more versatile. The technology aims to improve the ability of robots to perform multi-step tasks, such as sorting recycling, by understanding context and following logical steps.

Gemini Robotics also emphasizes safety and responsibility in AI development, ensuring that robots can operate safely in human environments. Overall, these advancements mark significant progress towards creating intelligent robots that can effectively navigate and assist in our daily lives.

No summary available.

Astronomers have discovered a small asteroid called 2025 PN7, which has been orbiting the Sun in a path that closely resembles Earth's for many decades. This asteroid, about 19 meters wide, is referred to as a "quasi-moon" because it appears to loop around Earth from our viewpoint, but it actually orbits the Sun. It was first detected by a telescope in Hawaii in August 2025, but researchers found evidence that it has been in its current orbit since 1957.

2025 PN7 will continue to accompany Earth for another 60 years before it moves away. It can be difficult to spot due to its small size and the limited times it is visible from Earth. The asteroid does not pose any threat to us and is one of seven known quasi-moons in Earth-like orbits. Scientists see potential for future unmanned missions to study such asteroids more closely.

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) is intended to create fair competition in Europe but is causing negative effects for users and small businesses. Google recently shared concerns about these impacts, especially on the tourism industry, where the DMA has led to a drop in direct travel bookings by up to 30%. Instead of showing direct links to airlines and hotels, Google Search is now required to prioritize intermediary websites, which can increase costs for consumers.

Moreover, the DMA has made it harder for Google to protect users from scams on Android by removing important security features. The act also delays the launch of new products in Europe, affecting consumers and businesses who want access to the latest technology.

Google has made efforts to comply with the DMA, such as providing data portability tools, but there is still a lot of uncertainty due to overlapping regulations and legal challenges. They urge the European Commission to focus on clear, user-friendly enforcement that benefits businesses and consumers without compromising security or quality.

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Cloudflare has launched the Cloudflare Data Platform, which includes three key products: Cloudflare Pipelines, R2 Data Catalog, and R2 SQL. This platform allows users to ingest, store, and query analytical data efficiently and affordably.

1. Cloudflare Pipelines: This tool helps in transforming and ingesting data into R2 or R2 Data Catalog using SQL. It processes events from various sources and ensures data is structured correctly for easy querying.

2. R2 Data Catalog: This is a managed catalog for Apache Iceberg that handles metadata and optimizes query performance through automatic compaction of small files into larger ones, enhancing efficiency.

3. R2 SQL: This is a serverless SQL query engine designed to work directly with R2 Data Catalog, allowing users to run queries without needing to manage complex infrastructure.

The platform is built on Cloudflare's extensive global network, meaning there are no egress fees for data access. It's designed to be user-friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional data solutions, which can be expensive and complex. Users can start using the platform through a tutorial that guides them through the entire process from ingestion to querying.

In the future, Cloudflare plans to expand the platform's features, including more integrations and enhanced SQL functionalities.

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The provided link leads to a webpage about Walzr's SF Parking service. It likely contains information about how this service works, its benefits, and possibly details about pricing or features. However, without accessing the content of the webpage, I can't summarize the specific details. If you can provide the text or main points from the webpage, I can help summarize that information for you.

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Summary:

Matthew Derrick Hudson, the former CEO of Invenia Technical Computing Corporation, has been charged with wire fraud after allegedly raising over $100 million from investors by lying about the company's financial status. He was arrested in California and appeared in court, where he was released on bond. The charges claim that from 2020 to 2022, Hudson misled investors by providing falsified financial documents, including fake audit reports that exaggerated the company's cash and revenue. If convicted, he could face up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. Additionally, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has filed a civil case against him for violating securities laws. Hudson's next court appearance is scheduled for November 17, 2025.

No summary available.

Microsoft has cut off the Israeli military's access to its technology after discovering that Unit 8200, an elite spy agency, was using Microsoft Azure to conduct mass surveillance on Palestinian civilians, collecting millions of phone calls daily from Gaza and the West Bank. This action followed an investigation by the Guardian, which revealed how Unit 8200 stored and processed vast amounts of intercepted communications.

Microsoft informed Israeli officials that the military unit had violated its terms of service by using Azure for this purpose. The decision came after growing pressure from employees and investors, particularly amidst allegations of human rights violations against Palestinians during the ongoing conflict.

Unit 8200 had built an extensive surveillance system, reportedly capable of processing up to a million calls an hour, and had stored around 8,000 terabytes of data in a Microsoft data center in the Netherlands. Following the Guardian's report, it appears that the agency quickly moved this data to another cloud service.

Microsoft's president stated that the company does not support technology that facilitates mass surveillance of civilians, emphasizing their commitment to this principle globally. However, the decision does not affect Microsoft's broader commercial relationship with the Israeli military, which will continue to have access to other services. The situation raises concerns about the use of third-party cloud services for sensitive military data.

Summary of "Effect Systems vs Print Debugging: A Pragmatic Solution"

This article discusses how the Flix programming language uses its type and effect system to handle print debugging effectively.

1. Lying to Systems: In programming, deceiving the type or effect system can lead to issues. While type errors often result in runtime errors in memory-safe languages, lying to the effect system can lead to more serious consequences.

2. Effect System Functions: The Flix compiler uses the effect system for various optimizations:

   • Dead Code Elimination: Removes unused code to enhance performance.
   • Inlining and Value Propagation: Determines which expressions can be simplified.
   • Automatic Parallelization: Executes pure functions in parallel for efficiency.
   • Effect Tracking: Differentiates between code that may cause side effects and pure computations.

3. The Challenge of Print Debugging: When programmers try to add print statements for debugging, they often encounter errors related to the effect system. For instance, using a print statement can cause type errors if the function is declared as having no side effects.

4. Initial Solutions and Their Limitations:

   • The first attempt to introduce a debugging function (dprintln) involved lying to the effect system, but it faced issues with the optimizer removing the print statements as dead code.
   • A workaround was to use a wildcard variable, but this led to the print statements being removed during optimization.

5. A Better Approach: The article proposes introducing a Debug effect that allows the dprintln function to be used without changing the function signatures. This way, adding print statements does not disrupt the program's effect tracking.

6. Advantages of the New Approach:

   • dprintln can be used freely within functions without altering their signatures.
   • The optimizer will keep the print statements intact, ensuring they execute when expected.

7. Production Considerations: In production mode, the implicit Debug effect is disabled to ensure that published code does not contain debugging statements.

8. Debug String Interpolator: Flix introduces a debug string interpolator that allows for printing variable values along with their location in the code, enriching the debugging experience without the need for macros.

Overall, the article highlights the balance between maintaining a robust effect system and providing useful debugging capabilities in the Flix programming language.

Larry Ellison's Oracle, Silver Lake, and Abu Dhabi's MGX will own about 45% of TikTok US after a deal brokered by Donald Trump. The Abu Dhabi royal family, through MGX, will take a 15% stake in the social media platform, which is valued at $14 billion. This deal aims to ensure that TikTok US is majority-owned by American investors, addressing concerns over data privacy and national security.

Trump's executive order allows for a 120-day period to finalize the details, and he claims this move will protect American users' data. ByteDance, TikTok's Chinese parent company, will still hold a 19.9% stake in the US operation. The overall valuation of TikTok US is significantly lower than ByteDance's estimated value of $330 billion. The deal comes after Congress mandated that ByteDance sell TikTok due to privacy concerns.

No summary available.

Helium BETA is a Linux app that offers a smooth internet experience without interruptions. It prioritizes your privacy and blocks ads automatically. The app includes useful features like native !bangs and split view, while being free of adware and unnecessary extras. It's designed for users and is fully open source. You can download it as an AppImage.

The text discusses an issue with Electron-based applications causing significant lag on macOS 26, particularly noted by users on M1 Max MacBook Pro. The maintainer, MarshallOfSound, encourages users experiencing this problem to report it to Apple through the Feedback Assistant while including a sysdiagnose.

Key points include:

• The issue leads to stuttery performance when using apps like Discord and VS Code, even when CPU and GPU usage is low.
• The lag is especially noticeable when multiple Electron apps are open or when one is not minimized.
• This problem began after upgrading to macOS 26, as earlier versions did not exhibit this issue.
• Users are advised to follow certain guidelines before reporting the problem.

Overall, the text highlights a performance concern with Electron apps on a specific macOS version and calls for user feedback to address the issue.

Summary:

Cloudflare Workers is a serverless platform that runs user code on a secure, globally distributed infrastructure. Ensuring security is crucial since it involves executing third-party code, which poses significant challenges.

To address these security concerns, Cloudflare continuously updates the Workers Runtime, leveraging improvements in hardware and software. The platform is built on the V8 JavaScript runtime, designed to safely run adversarial code. Recent enhancements include:

1. Memory Protection Keys (PKU): Modern CPUs allow for memory protection that prevents unauthorized access by different threads. Each script (or isolate) in Cloudflare Workers now gets a unique key to protect its memory, significantly reducing the likelihood of attackers accessing data across isolates.

2. V8 Sandbox: This software security feature prevents attackers from escalating their access beyond initial memory corruption. By removing pointers from the heap and using compressed pointers, V8 can contain potential attacks within a defined memory area (the "pointer cage").

3. Guard Regions: Instead of traditional guard regions, which are limited by memory space, Cloudflare uses memory protection keys to ensure no two sandboxes (each running a script) share the same key within a 32 GiB range. This setup triggers alarms for any unauthorized accesses, enhancing security.

Overall, these innovations aim to provide robust security for users without requiring them to manage server updates or configurations, allowing them to focus on coding while Cloudflare handles security and infrastructure.

Jash and Mahimana, the cofounders of Flywheel AI, are developing a system for remotely operating and automating excavators. Their approach involves retrofitting existing hydraulic excavators with mechanical systems that allow for remote control, enhancing safety and efficiency on construction sites.

They faced challenges because most excavators lack electronic controls, requiring them to connect to the machines' joystick and pedal systems. By enabling remote operation, they also gather valuable training data needed for developing autonomous capabilities in excavators.

During their time in Y Combinator, they experimented with different sensor setups and found that high-quality data is more crucial than model optimization for training machine learning models. As a result, they are open-sourcing a dataset of 100 hours of excavator operation data, collected in collaboration with Frodobots.ai. This dataset includes video from four cameras and expert operator actions, which can be used to train models for autonomous excavator tasks.

They aim to provide this dataset to help others experiment with training models using real-world data, which is typically hard to obtain. The dataset is available for download, and they welcome feedback and contributions from the community.

KnottyTom Price is associated with a package called "knotty-lib," which is a specialized programming language designed for creating knitting patterns.

SonShell Overview

SonShell is a Linux-only tool designed to connect to Sony A6700 cameras via Wi-Fi or Ethernet. It automatically downloads new photos and can run scripts on each downloaded file.

Key Features:

• Auto-connect to the camera using direct IP or MAC address.
• Monitors for new photos and downloads them to a specified directory.
• Unique filenames are generated for saved files.
• Option to run a script after each download.
• Keepalive mode automatically retries connections if they fail.
• Works exclusively on Linux.

Usage: To use SonShell, you run the command: ./sonshell --dir /photos [options]

Important Options:

• --dir <path>: Directory to save photos (required).
• --ip <addr>: Direct IP connection.
• --mac <hex:mac>: Optional MAC address for direct connection.
• --cmd <path>: Script to run after each download.
• --keepalive <ms>: Interval for retrying connections.
• --verbose: Enables detailed logging.
• --user <name> and --pass <pass>: Credentials for authenticated cameras.

Interactive Commands: Once connected, users can:

• shoot: Take a photo.
• focus: Autofocus the camera.
• quit or exit: Leave the program.
• sync <N>: Download the last N files.
• sync all: Download all files while keeping the folder structure intact.

Examples:

• To automatically retry every 2 seconds and run a script after downloads:
  ./sonshell --dir /tmp/photos --verbose --keepalive 3000 --cmd ../scripts/show_single.sh

• To connect using direct IP with verbose logs:
  ./sonshell --ip 192.168.1.1 --mac 10:20:30:40:50:60 --dir /tmp/photos -v --keepalive 3000

Build Requirements:

• Requires Linux, g++, and the Sony Camera Remote SDK.

How It Works:

1. Connects to the camera and listens for new photos.
2. Downloads files while ensuring unique names to avoid overwriting.
3. If a script is specified, it runs after each download.
4. Reconnects automatically if there are errors or disconnects.

Recent Updates:

• Added new sync commands and improved logging.
• Enhanced user authentication options.

For more details on the SDK and installation, refer to the official documentation.

No summary available.

Huntington's disease has been successfully treated for the first time, providing hope for patients and their families. This devastating disease, which affects brain cells and resembles conditions like dementia and Parkinson's, has shown a 75% reduction in its progression in treated patients. This means that the expected decline in health over a year could now take four years after treatment.

The new treatment is a form of gene therapy that requires delicate brain surgery lasting 12 to 18 hours. It targets the harmful protein caused by a faulty gene responsible for Huntington's. The therapy uses a modified virus to deliver new DNA into brain cells, helping to reduce the toxic protein levels.

The trial involved 29 patients, and results showed significant improvements in cognitive function and daily living abilities. While some patients experienced mild side effects, the overall outcome was deemed safe and effective.

Approximately 75,000 people in the UK, US, and Europe have Huntington's, with many more carrying the gene. The treatment is expected to be expensive, and while it won't be available to everyone due to its complexity and cost, its success opens the door for future therapies. Researchers are also exploring ways to prevent symptoms in those who have the gene but are not yet affected.

Quicksort is a fast sorting method that uses a "divide and conquer" strategy. Picking a random element to divide the data helps prevent poor performance in the worst-case scenario.

The text also mentions updates to the algorithm's name and logo:

• Version 1.0: Initial release
• Version 1.1: Renamed from KWICK SÖRT to KVICK SÖRT for a more Swedish feel
• Version 1.2: Updated the IDEA logo

The algorithm was first published on March 16, 2018.

Summary of "Random Mosaic – Detecting Unauthorized Physical Access with Beans, Lentils, and Colored Rice"

This text discusses the importance of protecting the confidentiality and integrity of items against unauthorized access, particularly in the context of modern digital communication. It highlights historical and contemporary methods of tampering, such as supply chain interdiction and "Evil Maid" attacks, where physical access to devices can lead to manipulation.

Key Points:

1. Types of Attacks:

   • Tampering in Transit: Devices can be intercepted and altered during shipping.
   • Evil Maid Attacks: Physical access allows attackers to manipulate hardware or software.

2. Protection Methods:

   • Various methods exist to detect unauthorized access, including tamper-evident seals and special screws.
   • Some companies avoid using easily counterfeited seals, opting for more secure hardware protections.

3. Glitter Nail Polish:

   • This method is used to seal screws and detect unauthorized access. Different techniques include applying it with stickers or directly to screws, with varying effectiveness.

4. Random Mosaic Method:

   • A new approach involves embedding items in a colorful mixture (using substances like beans and lentils) to create a mosaic, which can reveal unauthorized access if disturbed.
   • The mixture should be easy to identify and difficult to reproduce.

5. Short-Term and Long-Term Storage:

   • For short-term protection, items can be stored in a transparent box filled with the colorful mixture.
   • For shipping, items should be vacuum-sealed with the mixture to ensure it remains in place during transit.

6. Evaluation and Comparison:

   • Changes in the mosaic can indicate tampering. Tools like the Blink Comparison app facilitate easy visual comparisons of the original state of the mosaic and its current condition.

The text concludes with acknowledgments for contributions to the project and encourages further collaboration for improving tamper detection methods.

The article discusses the use of JavaScript's bigint type for storing data in a project, highlighting both its potential benefits and drawbacks.

Key Points:

• Context: The author faced performance issues while managing a large number of configuration objects with repeated keys, leading to inefficient serialization, slow comparisons, and complicated updates.

• Approach: To tackle these problems, the author considered using bigint to compactly store configuration data. This involves defining fields with specific sizes and offsets, and using bit manipulation functions to retrieve and set values.

• Benefits:

  • Memory Efficiency: Data is stored compactly, reducing memory usage.
  • Quick Deserialization: Converting data back from a hexadecimal string is fast.
  • Optimized Operations: Operations like equality checks and intersections can be sped up by using a bitfield to track which fields are set.

• Drawbacks:

  • Fixed Field Size: Cannot handle dynamically-sized data like strings.
  • Slower Bit Operations: Generally, basic JS objects perform better for getting and setting values.
  • Increased Complexity: The code becomes more complex, requiring extensive testing to ensure proper functionality.

• Conclusion: The author is still evaluating the practicality of using bigint for their project, emphasizing that while it may offer some optimizations, it also introduces significant complexities that may not be worth it for most cases. They plan to continue experimenting and share updates later.

No summary available.

No summary available.