Summary:

The website test-ipv6.com will be retired in December 2025 after being available since 2010. The owner has invested a lot of resources into the site, which has not generated any revenue, and now wishes to focus on family matters.

Key points include:

• The site will shut down during winter break in December 2025.
• Mirror operators will not receive updates after December.
• Service providers need to update their support materials based on this change.
• Some source code is publicly available, but certain parts cannot be released due to contractual obligations.
• The owner is open to transferring the domain to a reputable organization.
• It is recommended that mirrors be retired as the primary site will no longer be monitored after shutdown.

For further questions, the owner invites discussions in person.

The article discusses the evolving role of programming languages in light of advancements in AI and large language models (LLMs). Here are the key points:

1. Natural Language Limitations: While AI can translate natural language into code, there are still issues with ambiguity that programming languages are designed to eliminate. Clear and unambiguous syntax in programming is crucial to avoid misunderstandings, which can lead to significant errors.

2. Language Choice Dilemma: Developers often face challenges in choosing which programming language to learn, as different languages have different complexities and concepts. The idea that English could become the only programming language oversimplifies the nuances of software development.

3. Language-Agnostic Programming: The author proposes a future where LLMs generate code in a precise language, like Rust, but programmers can interact with it in their preferred language (e.g., Python, Go). This could simplify debugging and code comprehension, allowing for more collaboration among developers with different language proficiencies.

4. Future Model: In this envisioned model, AI would generate code from natural language, and programmers could read or debug this code in their language of choice. This could make programming more accessible and improve teamwork.

The author acknowledges that this is a speculative idea, and while it presents exciting possibilities, there are still many challenges to overcome in achieving this vision of programming.

Hi HN! I created pyscn for Python developers who want to improve their coding practices. If you're using tools like Cursor, Claude, or ChatGPT to quickly write Python code, you might notice your codebase can get messy. Common issues include:

• Duplicate code from copying and pasting
• Unused code from fast iterations
• Overly complicated solutions for simple tasks
• Inconsistent coding styles across different parts of the project

pyscn helps by analyzing the structure of your code, looking at factors such as:

• Code similarity (using APTED tree edit distance)
• Control flow analysis
• Object coupling
• Code complexity

You can try pyscn without installing it by using the commands:

• uvx pyscn analyze . (fastest method)
• pipx run pyscn analyze .
• Or install it with pip install pyscn.

It’s built with Go and tree-sitter. I'm happy to discuss how it works!

The idea of personal data storage is becoming increasingly important, as it allows users to control their own data instead of corporations holding it. Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the web, proposed a system called Solid in 2009 that would enable users to store their data in a way that they control, allowing them to choose how and where their data is accessed.

Currently, many people struggle with managing their data across different platforms, making it difficult to use effectively. The Solid Protocol aims to give users ownership of their data, meaning applications must request permission to access it. However, Solid has not yet gained widespread adoption.

A newer alternative is the AT Protocol from Bluesky, which also emphasizes user control over data. In this system, users can own their online identities through personal domains, and their data is stored in a way that is accessible and transferable across different platforms.

The concept of data cooperatives is also emerging, where users can store their data with member-owned institutions rather than profit-driven corporations. This shift in data ownership is seen as essential for creating a more democratic and user-centric internet.

Overall, personal data storage represents a move towards giving individuals greater control over their digital lives, allowing them to manage and share their information in a way that empowers them.

NEON Bytepack Summary

• Overview: NEON Bytepack is a research tool designed for packing and unpacking bits from input bytes efficiently. It's not a complete library and is intended for performance demonstration only. It assumes the user has a basic understanding of SIMD, Arm architecture, and microarchitecture.

• Performance: The tool achieves impressive speeds of 86 GB/s with data that is resident in L1 cache, which is double the speed of a baseline method. This performance is under specific conditions using a single thread on Neoverse V2 (Graviton4) hardware.

• Key Features for Speed:

  • Byte-Level Parallelism: Processes multiple bits simultaneously.
  • Aligned Interleaving: Data is organized to minimize operations.
  • Instruction Optimization: Uses specialized instructions to optimize load/store and data manipulation.
  • Efficient Scheduling: Reduces complexity by optimizing how instructions are executed and data is managed.

• Functionality:

  • The packing process reduces the number of merge operations, while unpacking reverses the process.
  • Different bit packing strategies are used based on the number of bits (K) being packed, ranging from 1 to 8 bits.
  • Higher values of K (over 8) require more complex handling but can still be optimized using the tool.

• Integration Advice: While the routines are fast, they are limited by memory throughput. To improve performance on larger datasets, it’s recommended to combine byte packing with other operations to keep data in registers until the final output.

• License: The tool is licensed under Apache 2.0.

• Author Note: The creator, Ashton Six, is available for hire for related projects.

• Benchmarking Information: Performance benchmarks are provided for various values of K, showing the throughput of packing and unpacking operations compared to a baseline.

Use this tool to enhance data processing efficiency, especially in codecs or applications needing fast bit manipulation.

No summary available.

Today, October 5, 2025, marks the 14th anniversary of Steve Jobs' death at age 56, which occurred just after the launch of the iPhone 4S and Siri. Apple CEO Tim Cook honored Jobs, stating that he inspired others to see a bright future. Cook mentioned that Jobs is remembered daily at Apple. The Steve Jobs Archive features his quotes, photos, and videos, and also supports young creators. Additionally, Apple maintains a "Remembering Steve" page with condolences from fans worldwide.

James O'Claire decided to self-host a storage solution using S3 about five months ago, aiming for a cost-effective option while working on an SDK for mobile apps. He found a second-hand Framework laptop, which he repurposed as a home server, and added a JBOD (just a bunch of disks) setup. He installed ZFS and garage S3 software on it.

After four months of using the server without issues, he logged in to find he had used 10TB of space, and the system was ready for an upgrade. He successfully restarted the laptop and updated the software without any problems.

James noted that his setup was somewhat unusual because he connected the laptop to the JBOD via USB, which caused some initial issues with ZFS. However, after moving the metadata to the laptop, he resolved those problems. Overall, he reported a positive experience with his self-hosting project.

No summary available.

Starting with .NET 10, garbage collection (GC) has undergone significant improvements that can enhance memory usage and performance by two to three times. These changes come with runtime switches and new optimization strategies, but developers should weigh the benefits against potential trade-offs.

Key Points:

1. Generational Garbage Collection:

   • .NET uses a generational approach, categorizing memory into different generations (Gen 0, Gen 1, Gen 2, and Large Object Heap) to efficiently manage memory. Most objects are short-lived, allowing for quicker collections in Gen 0.

2. New Features in .NET 10:

   • Escape Analysis: This allows small objects to be allocated on the stack instead of the heap, minimizing GC overhead.
   • DATAS (Dynamic Adaptation to Application Sizes): Automatically adjusts heap sizes based on application memory needs, improving memory efficiency.
   • Region Size Tuning: Provides flexibility in how memory is allocated, optimizing it for various applications, especially in cloud environments.
   • Delegate and Closure Optimization: Reduces memory pressure by allocating non-escaping delegates on the stack.
   • Write Barrier Optimization: Minimizes unnecessary tracking of references for improved performance.
   • Improved Devirtualization and Inlining: Enhances performance for collection operations by optimizing method calls.

3. Configuration Options: Developers can configure GC behavior using JSON runtime settings to optimize for specific workloads, especially in memory-constrained environments like microservices.

4. Monitoring Tools: .NET 10 includes metrics to help developers understand GC performance, allowing for better insights into memory usage and potential bottlenecks.

5. When to Adjust GC Settings: Some applications may benefit from reverting to older GC modes or customizing settings if they require predictable memory usage or have high throughput demands.

Conclusion:

.NET 10 transforms garbage collection from a behind-the-scenes process into a critical factor for application performance. Developers are encouraged to leverage the new features and tools to optimize their applications for modern workloads.

The Claude Developer Platform has introduced new features for managing agents' context, specifically context editing and a memory tool, with the release of Claude Sonnet 4.5. These features help developers create AI agents that can handle long tasks more efficiently without losing important information.

Key points include:

1. Context Management: It addresses the limits of context windows by automatically removing outdated tool results as agents work, allowing for longer and more effective conversations.

2. Memory Tool: This allows agents to store information outside the context window, enabling them to build knowledge over time and reference previous learnings without overloading the context.

3. Performance Improvements: Together, these tools enhance agent performance significantly, with context management showing a 39% improvement in complex tasks and reducing token usage by 84% in specific evaluations.

4. Use Cases: The features are beneficial for coding, research, and data processing by preserving essential insights and enabling agents to manage large workloads effectively.

These tools are currently available in public beta on the Claude Developer Platform and can be accessed through Amazon Bedrock and Google Cloud’s Vertex AI.

Summary of the VPS Setup and Security Checklist

This guide outlines the steps for setting up a secure Virtual Private Server (VPS) using Hetzner and Coolify, aimed at those interested in self-hosting. It includes a comprehensive checklist that can be used for future setups.

Key Points:

1. Choosing a VPS Provider:

   • Recommended: Hetzner (affordable, fast, reliable).
   • Alternatives: DigitalOcean, AWS Lightsail, Linode, Render, Fly.io (considered but not chosen due to cost or complexity).

2. Pre-Setup Requirements:

   • Select server specs (at least 1GB RAM, 20GB storage).
   • Gather server IP and root credentials.
   • Prepare a local SSH client and a strong password generator.

3. Server Setup Steps:

   • Log in as root and update the system.
   • Change the root password and create a secondary user with sudo privileges.
   • Set up SSH key authentication for secure access and disable password login.
   • Configure the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) for security.

4. Automatic Updates:

   • Install and configure unattended upgrades for automatic security updates.

5. Application Deployment:

   • Set up Node.js, PM2 (process manager), and Nginx (reverse proxy).
   • Obtain SSL certificates using Certbot for secure connections.

6. Monitoring and Maintenance:

   • Install monitoring tools and set up log rotation.
   • Create a backup script and schedule automated backups.

7. Troubleshooting:

   • Common issues related to SSH connections, permissions, and services are addressed with troubleshooting tips.

8. Final Verification:

   • Ensure SSH key authentication works, root login is disabled, the firewall is active, automatic updates function, and backups are running.

This checklist serves as a practical guide for anyone looking to manage their own VPS, emphasizing control, understanding, and cost savings.

No summary available.

No summary available.

I can't access external links directly, including the link you provided. However, if you could copy and paste the text or main points from the source, I'd be happy to help summarize it for you!

The text discusses how the rise of Big Data is leading to "social cooling," where people alter their behavior due to the feeling of being constantly monitored. This change can suppress free speech and risk-taking, ultimately affecting society negatively.

Key points include:

1. Data Scoring: Personal data is analyzed and turned into numerous scores that predict various aspects of an individual's life, such as beliefs, social connections, and behaviors.

2. Impact on Opportunities: People are becoming aware that their digital reputation can limit job prospects, influence loan rates, and even affect social interactions based on algorithmic biases.

3. Behavioral Changes: As a result of these scores, individuals may conform to societal norms, avoid risks, and feel pressured to self-censor. This can create a culture of conformity, risk aversion, and social rigidity.

4. Global Warming Analogy: The author compares social cooling to global warming, stressing that it is a subtle and complex issue requiring collective awareness and action.

5. Need for Awareness: Public understanding of the implications of data privacy is still low. The text emphasizes the importance of fostering a nuanced perspective on privacy and the right to make mistakes in a data-driven world.

The overall message is a call for greater awareness and action to prevent the negative effects of social cooling on society.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The text discusses a comparison between the programming languages Ada and Rust by translating solutions from the Advent of Code competition. Here are the key points:

1. Background: The author has traditionally used Ada and, after an invitation to discuss safety-focused solutions in different languages, decided to translate their Ada solutions into Rust.

2. Language Overviews:

   • Ada: A general-purpose language known for safe and reliable programming. It emphasizes readability and has a structured evolution since its initial standards.
   • Rust: A low-level language celebrated for memory safety and performance. It has gained popularity for its modern features and community support.

3. Similarities: Both languages are designed for safe programming, have been used in significant projects, and are recommended for safety-critical systems.

4. Differences:

   • Ada is based on an ISO standard with a detailed reference manual, while Rust's specification is less formal.
   • Ada allows programmers to define types with specific constraints, while Rust relies on low-level types.
   • Ada supports exceptions for error handling, whereas Rust uses return types for error management.

5. Feature Comparison: The text includes a table comparing built-in features of Ada, Spark (a variant of Ada), and Rust, highlighting differences in areas like concurrency, error handling, and generics.

6. Performance: Rust is known for faster execution times, while Ada is recognized for quick compilation but can exhibit slower runtime due to extensive checks. The author shares specific runtime comparisons of solutions in both languages.

7. Case Studies: The author presents four case studies focusing on:

   • File processing: Illustrating how each language handles reading and parsing input files.
   • Modularity and Generics: Comparing how Ada and Rust organize code into packages or modules.
   • Enumerations: Discussing how each language implements enumeration types and their capabilities.
   • Filtered Iteration: Demonstrating how both languages handle iteration through collections with conditions.

8. Conclusion: The author notes that both languages have unique strengths and weaknesses, with Ada being more verbose but ensuring safety, while Rust offers flexibility and performance. The choice between them often depends on the specific requirements of the project.

No summary available.

Summary of Parrot - Type-Safe SQL in Gleam

Exciting Announcement: Parrot has been listed as a community project on the sqlc website!

Key Features:

• Supports SQLite, PostgreSQL, and MySQL.
• Allows multiple queries per file.
• Works with various database clients.
• Includes utility wrappers for popular Gleam database libraries.
• Automatically retrieves database schema and downloads necessary tools.
• Uses named parameters for clarity in SQL queries.

Getting Started:

1. Installation: Add Parrot to your project with $ gleam add parrot.
2. Define Queries: Place SQL files in the sql directory. All queries will be compiled into a single module.
3. Run Code Generation: Use $ gleam run -m parrot to detect your database.

Example Usage:

• You can write wrapper functions for database libraries, making it easy to execute queries and handle results.

Integration Tests: Check the provided examples to see how Parrot works with PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite.

Development Tools: Scripts are available to set up MySQL or PostgreSQL using Docker.

Quirks:

• Some complex data types may not be handled correctly.
• Parrot is designed for Erlang applications but can generate code for JavaScript.

Future Plans: The project welcomes contributions and has a list of tasks for future development.

Acknowledgments: Inspired by the Squirrel project and thanks to sqlc for their support.

Summary of the Newton Project

Newton is a physics simulation engine for robotics and research, currently in beta development. This means the API might change frequently, and some features could be added or removed without notice. It uses GPU acceleration and is built on NVIDIA's Warp technology, integrating MuJoCo Warp for enhanced performance. Newton supports OpenUSD, differentiability, and allows users to extend its capabilities.

The project is community-driven and licensed under Apache-2.0, initiated by Disney Research, Google DeepMind, and NVIDIA.

Getting Started:

• Install the uv Python package as per the installation guide.
• Clone the repository and set up the environment to run examples.

Key Example Categories:

1. Basic Examples: Includes simple simulations like pendulums and shapes.
2. Robot Examples: Features simulations of various robotic models.
3. Cloth Examples: Demonstrates cloth physics.
4. Inverse Kinematics Examples: Shows robotic arm movements.
5. MPM Examples: Focuses on granular materials and physics.
6. Selection Examples: Involves material and articulation selections.
7. DiffSim Examples: Features simulations of various dynamic scenarios.

Running Examples: You can run examples using commands like:

• uv run -m newton.examples basic_pendulum
• Options include choosing the viewer type, device, number of frames, and output paths.

Contributing and Support: Community members can contribute to the project, and questions should be directed to the documentation first. Adherence to the Linux Foundation Code of Conduct is expected.

For more details on governance and project management, refer to the newton-governance repository.

Summary:

Are you tired of social media and endless scrolling? If you miss a simpler way to connect online, consider using "Blog Feeds." This isn’t a new platform; rather, it allows you to express your thoughts, share ideas, and connect without signing up for anything.

To participate, you need three things: a blog, RSS, and feeds.

1. Starting a Blog: It's easier than you think! You can create a simple blog to share whatever you like, whether it’s a recipe, a photo, or just your thoughts. You can use easy hosting services like Bear Blog, Substack, or WordPress, or self-host using frameworks like Hugo or Jekyll if you're more tech-savvy.

2. Using RSS: RSS lets you subscribe to blogs and receive updates in an RSS reader app, similar to how newsletters work. Some popular RSS readers include Feedly and Inoreader.

3. Creating Feeds: You can make a public page on your blog listing all the RSS feeds you follow. This helps you connect with new people and build a community.

The beauty of Blog Feeds is that there’s no central authority or data collection by big companies. It’s just you and the people you care about.

You don’t sign up or pay anything to start. While Blog Feeds isn’t meant to replace social media, it offers a slower, more personal way to interact online. You can also explore monetization options if you choose.

In summary, give Blog Feeds a try for a refreshing online experience!

No summary available.

No summary available.

I created a 2D Spine Animation AI for games. You can upload a game character image, and it automatically generates a 2D spine animation for that character, allowing you to use over 2,000 animations with just one click.

Key features include:

• Automatic rigging and bone structure creation
• Easy application of 2,000+ animations
• Layered image output
• Direct export to spine animation for editing
• Compatibility with game engines like Unity and Godot

This tool makes game development 10 times easier and cheaper.

No summary available.

Summary:

The author shares a story about dealing with technical debt in software engineering. They explain that sometimes, quick fixes can lead to long-term issues, but can be necessary to avoid immediate problems. In this case, their calendar platform's occurrence table was nearing the maximum limit for a 32-bit integer, which could disrupt customer integrations. To buy time for a better solution, the team decided to use negative primary keys to extend the integer range, which worked but was a risky hack. They also planned to eventually switch to BigInts and made sure to communicate changes to their customers. Ultimately, the approach provided a temporary fix while allowing for a smooth transition, proving that sometimes unconventional solutions can be effective.

By signing up for our newsletter, you allow us to share your email address with our email service providers.

On September 26, 2025, the author shares their journey of creating generative art after being inspired by a piece they saw online. They started with Kotlin code from the original artist and learned about three key algorithms: Hobby curves, Hilbert sorting, and simplex noise.

1. Hobby Curves: This algorithm helps draw smooth curves through randomly chosen points. However, it can lead to erratic connections, as points are joined in the order they are generated.

2. Hilbert Sorting: To improve the curve connections, the author uses Hilbert sorting, which organizes points in a way that keeps nearby points together. This results in smoother, more natural-looking curves.

3. Simplex Noise: Instead of using random points, simplex noise generates points that move in graceful, fluid ways. It creates a continuous, wavy path that adds interesting motion to the artwork.

The artist also notes that sometimes curves make unexpected jumps, which can occur due to how Hobby curves work and the independent sorting of points. The author experimented with these techniques in Python and shared their findings on GitHub. They also explored animations but plan to discuss that in a future post.

No summary available.

Asteroid 2024 YR4 was discovered on December 27, 2024. Initially, there was a 3% chance it could hit Earth in December 2032, but by February 23, 2025, it was determined that it would not impact Earth. However, the chance of it hitting the Moon increased to about 4% by May 2025. Observations from the James Webb Space Telescope estimated the asteroid's size to be around 60 meters.

If 2024 YR4 does impact the Moon, it could send debris into low Earth orbit, increasing risks for astronauts and spacecraft. The report discusses potential space missions to study or deflect the asteroid. Options include flyby and rendezvous missions, with various propulsion methods and launch strategies considered. The best time for reconnaissance missions would be late 2028, with only about three years for preparation. While deflecting the asteroid seems impractical, missions to disrupt it using kinetic or nuclear methods are possible between 2029 and 2032. Even if the Moon impact is ruled out, a reconnaissance mission could still provide valuable information about the asteroid.

Summary of Surface Pen Compatibility and Interoperability FAQ

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the compatibility and features of various Surface pens across different Surface devices.

1. Pen Compatibility: A chart summarizes which pens work with which Surface devices, detailing features like pressure sensitivity, latency, and tilt functionality. This helps users understand what to expect from their pen and device combination.

2. Pen Types: Several pen models are mentioned, including Wacom and n-Trig versions, with different features like replaceable tips, battery types, and button layouts. Newer models generally have improved performance, such as reduced latency and tilt support.

3. Device Support: The Surface Laptop Go and Go2 do not support any pens, while many other Surface devices do. Each pen has specific features depending on the model and device compatibility.

4. Common Issues: Users may experience problems like pen jitter or tip offset, particularly with certain models. Firmware updates have fixed some issues, but others persist.

5. Additional Information: The FAQ section answers questions about pen colors, battery life, and other features. It also includes tips for using pens effectively, such as addressing common drawing issues.

This guide is useful for anyone wanting to understand the nuances of Surface pen compatibility and performance.

The Mod. 5140, released in 1985 by IBM, was the company's first laptop computer. It was developed in Boca Raton, Florida, an area known for its alligator population. The design of the laptop is said to resemble an alligator’s head, especially when the printer is attached, making it look like the animal's tail. The Mod. 5140 received several awards, including the Premio SMAU in 1986 and the IF Industrie Forum Design Award in 1988, and was selected for the Compasso d’Oro in 1987.

Summary of Matrix Core Programming on AMD CDNA3 and CDNA4 Architecture

This blog post explains how to use Matrix Cores in HIP kernels, focusing on low-precision data types like FP16, FP8, and FP4, and new Matrix Core instructions introduced in AMD's CDNA4 architecture. It aims to provide the knowledge needed to start programming with Matrix Cores, including compiler intrinsics and data layouts.

Key Points:

1. Matrix Cores Overview:

   • Matrix multiplication is essential for AI and high-performance computing (HPC).
   • AMD's CDNA architecture has Matrix Cores that accelerate matrix operations, specifically matrix fused-multiply-add (MFMA).
   • Using lower-precision input matrices (like FP16 or FP8) can significantly boost performance, with CDNA4 architecture improving throughput further.

2. Low-Precision Floating-Point Types:

   • Different floating-point types (like FP16, FP8, FP6, FP4) are represented in binary, impacting their range and precision.
   • The blog details how to convert binary representations into real values and lists the characteristics of various low-precision types.

3. MFMA Instructions:

   • MFMA operations are defined by the dimensions and data types of input/output matrices.
   • CDNA4 architecture adds new MFMA instructions for FP16/BF16 and introduces FP6/FP4 types, enabling more efficient calculations.

4. Compiler Intrinsics:

   • The blog outlines how to implement Matrix Core instructions in HIP kernels using specific compiler intrinsic functions.
   • Examples demonstrate the syntax and usage of these intrinsics for various matrix sizes and data types.

5. Practical Examples:

   • Several examples illustrate how to implement MFMA operations using different data types (FP32, FP16, FP8) and show the corresponding code.
   • The examples help clarify the distribution of matrix data across threads in a GPU.

Conclusion:

The article provides a comprehensive introduction to programming with Matrix Cores on AMD's CDNA architectures, focusing on low-precision data types and efficient matrix operations. For further details, readers are encouraged to explore additional resources on Matrix Cores and low-precision data types.

The text discusses how the choice of devices—laptops versus phones—affects power dynamics in our interactions with technology. Here are the key points:

1. Device Functionality: Laptops are designed for creation (command interfaces), while phones are optimized for consumption (consumption interfaces). This distinction influences how users interact with technology and their sense of agency.

2. Power Dynamics: When using laptops, users often feel empowered and in control, able to create and modify systems. In contrast, using phones tends to limit users to consumption and adaptation, reinforcing a passive role.

3. Generational Differences: Younger generations, particularly Gen Z, are more accustomed to using phones for most activities, which may lead to a default consumption mindset. While they can create content on phones, the tools and platforms usually limit their autonomy.

4. Creation vs. Consumption: True creation involves building systems that can reshape environments, whereas phone-based content creation often serves existing platforms, benefiting the platform owners more than the creators.

5. Intentional Device Use: Choosing devices strategically based on tasks can enhance control and power. For instance, use laptops for deep work and system building, and phones for quick communication and media consumption.

6. Surveillance and Control: Phones inherently track user activities, making users more vulnerable to surveillance. Laptops, when controlled by the user, offer more privacy and agency.

7. Future Considerations: The future may see either convergence (devices becoming more equally capable) or divergence (increasing separation between creation and consumption interfaces). Current trends suggest divergence, which could deepen existing power imbalances.

8. Agency and Mindfulness: Users should be mindful of their device choices and the underlying power dynamics. Questions about device use can help maintain agency and encourage more intentional interactions with technology.

In essence, the text highlights the importance of being aware of how our device choices influence our roles as creators or consumers in the digital landscape.

No summary available.

Summary of the Hall of Shame Incident

InspatialLabs has been accused of rebranding and copying multiple projects, including rEFui, without giving proper credit to the original creators. They initially added a credits file but continued to violate licensing rules, which require acknowledgment of original works.

Key points include:

• The name "rEFui" was consistently misspelled as "RefUI" by InspatialLabs, indicating a lack of attention to detail and respect for the original project.
• InspatialLabs claims a commitment to open source but has been accused of misleading communication and failing to genuinely contribute back to the community.
• They have also been unable to successfully run their own projects, relying on AI to correct their code without understanding it themselves.

The timeline of interactions between ClassicOldSong (the original creator) and benemma (from InspatialLabs) reveals ongoing concerns about benemma’s technical abilities and honesty. Despite initial cooperation ideas, ClassicOldSong ultimately rejected further collaboration due to doubts about InspatialLabs' integrity.

An analysis of InspatialLabs' codebase indicates systematic copying from various open-source projects, stripping of licenses, and rebranding without permission—violating the terms of the original licenses. Developers are advised to avoid using Inspatial packages and instead rely on the original works, which are properly licensed.

The text discusses the challenges and misconceptions around parsing XML and HTML, particularly with regular expressions (regex).

1. XML vs. HTML: XML is a strict markup language designed for storing and transmitting data, while HTML allows for more flexible, less strict formatting. This flexibility makes HTML difficult to parse reliably compared to XML.

2. Misuse of Regex: The author highlights that many developers mistakenly think they can parse XML or HTML with regex, which is generally considered a bad practice due to the complexity of these languages.

3. Parsing Methods: A stack-based parsing approach is suggested for understanding XML structure. The author provides a simple parser example and explains how it can traverse an XML tree.

4. HTML Parsing Issues: The text points out that browsers handle poorly formed HTML by making guesses, which complicates the parsing process. The HTML standard is extensive and deals with many edge cases, making it even harder to parse without a proper library.

5. Using Regex for Scraping: While regex is not ideal for parsing XML or HTML, it can be useful for scraping data from websites when speed and adaptability are prioritized over structure.

6. Best Practices: The author advises that, unless scraping, it’s best to use proper XML or HTML parsers. If regex is necessary, use it wisely by anchoring to unique strings and avoiding attempts to parse the entire tree structure.

In conclusion, while regex can extract data from HTML or XML, it is not a substitute for proper parsing tools, especially for complex documents.

Research on prime numbers shows they have both predictable and random qualities. This paper explores how an image-based machine learning model can analyze prime number patterns in specific areas of an Ulam spiral. The study finds that models trained on numbers around 500 million are more accurate than those trained on numbers below 25 million, suggesting that patterns in the higher range are easier to learn. The model appears to approach classification differently in various spiral regions, focusing on identifying primes among lower numbers and filtering out composites among higher numbers. This supports theories in number theory indicating that as numbers get larger, prime distributions become more regular. Overall, the findings suggest that machine learning could be a valuable tool for studying prime number patterns, especially in cryptography.

The author shares their journey of upgrading their home lab, which has evolved from a simple setup to a more complex system aimed at serious infrastructure work. Initially, their homelab consisted of basic devices, but as their needs grew, they faced limitations such as underpowered hardware and a lack of disaster recovery options.

In the new setup, they transformed their old rack into a larger 22U system, incorporating modern technologies like Kubernetes and improved storage. Key components include:

• Compute: New Beelink devices for better performance.
• Storage: Upgraded to a UniFi NAS with larger capacity.
• Networking: Retained quality networking equipment and added remote access capabilities.

The goal of this rebuild is to create a resilient and scalable environment that supports experimentation and learning. The author plans to document their progress and share insights on various technical aspects in future posts. Overall, this project is about building a reliable system for real work and continuous growth in engineering skills.

Scientists from the University of Bern have discovered that Earth was initially dry and lacked the essential elements for life, such as water and carbon compounds, for up to three million years after the Solar System formed. This changed due to a massive collision with a celestial body called Theia, which likely brought the water and other vital components needed for life.

The research shows that the early Earth, known as proto-Earth, had its chemical composition finalized quickly but was not suitable for life until the collision. This event was crucial for making Earth a habitable planet, suggesting that the conditions for life are not guaranteed and may depend on rare cosmic events. Future studies aim to better understand the details of the collision with Theia and its impact on Earth's chemistry.

No summary available.

This thesis by Torkil Kollsker focuses on developing mathematical models and algorithms to optimize the LEGO construction process. The goal is to assist designers in creating LEGO structures by defining the shape and colors of their design and selecting available LEGO bricks. The optimization framework then determines how to arrange the bricks to create stable and visually appealing constructions.

Key points include:

• Previous research on LEGO construction has not systematically addressed the aesthetic arrangement of bricks or included variations in brick height and color availability.
• The thesis introduces new methods, including constructive heuristics and mixed-integer linear programming, for placing LEGO bricks effectively.
• Structural integrity is crucial for LEGO constructions, and the thesis discusses methods for assessing it, highlighting that static limit analysis combined with quadratic programming is the most effective approach.
• The thesis combines combinatorial optimization (placement of bricks) with structural optimization (force distribution among bricks), emphasizing their interdependence.
• Future research could explore hollow constructions for more design diversity and improve the analysis of structural integrity and aesthetics.

Overall, while the thesis does not completely solve the LEGO construction problem, it fills gaps in the existing literature and enhances current design workflows.

No summary available.

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools that can perform a variety of tasks, but they struggle with specialized knowledge without specific training. Infusing domain knowledge during their training can improve their performance, but there is a risk of "memory collapse" if too much knowledge is added. This can cause the model to forget what it has already learned.

In this study, two main findings were made:

1. Each model has a specific point where adding too much domain knowledge sharply decreases its ability to retain existing knowledge.
2. This point varies with the size of the model; larger models have different thresholds for memory collapse.

Based on these findings, the researchers created a "knowledge infusion scaling law" to determine the ideal amount of domain knowledge to add to large LLMs by examining smaller models. Their experiments show that this scaling law is effective and can be applied to various model sizes and token budgets.

Clavier Summary

Clavier is a mechanical keyboard that uses FPGA technology and includes a USB hub and various communication interfaces (like JTAG, SPI, I²C, UART).

Key Features:

• Full-size keyboard with 105 keys plus one extra "coffee key" for locking the computer or resetting the FPGA.
• Supports Cherry MX switches and has features like N-key rollover, 1000Hz polling rate, and no ghosting.
• Equipped with a 2-port USB 2.0 hub and multiple communication interfaces.
• Fully open-source design.

Required Tools:

• KiCad for PCB design.
• FreeCAD or OpenSCAD for housing design.
• OSS CAD Suite and GNU Make for FPGA development.

PCB Details:

• 4-layer PCB that is standard to produce but challenging to assemble due to small components.

Housing Versions:

1. Version 1: Designed for 3D printing using OpenSCAD.
2. Version 2: Improved design with an 8° angle for better ergonomics, available in FreeCAD.

FPGA Setup:

• Building is done using a simple command.
• Program the FPGA via the JTAG interface with specific commands for different configurations.

Licenses:

• PCB and housing are under the CERN Open Hardware License.
• FPGA code is under the MIT License.
• Images are licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Summary of Paged Out! Institute Updates

Paged Out! is a free zine led by Gynvael Coldwind, with contributions from various artists and engineers. The latest issue (#7) celebrates its seventh year and has expanded its availability in print, including distribution at events and through online bookstores like Lulu. The zine encourages sharing and offers resources for audio versions and mass printing under certain licenses.

The current issue features a mix of art, technology, and AI-related articles. Highlights include discussions on AI's ability to recognize AI-generated text, innovative financial decision-making models using local language models, and creative explorations in various artistic media.

The publication emphasizes community engagement, inviting readers to share their experiences with the zine online. Future contributions for the next issue are welcomed, and the team is working on improving presentation consistency with automated cover generation.

Overall, Paged Out! aims to blend creative expression with technical insights, while maintaining an accessible and collaborative approach.

Tesla is hinting at the launch of a new product this week. Details about the product are currently unknown, creating excitement and curiosity among fans and followers.

The Staatsbibliothek Berlin features selected letters from the Buchstabenmuseum collection, which guide visitors to the in-house museum called "Kulturwerk."

No summary available.

Cobalt is a program for creating pixel art that works on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, Nintendo DS, and in web browsers. It has a small 46KB core that runs the same on all systems, making it easy to transfer between them. The program is designed for artists who want to create bold, textured pixel art without smooth gradients, using a limited color palette. You can save your work and continue it on different devices, like working on the DS while commuting. There is a live demo available online and downloadable versions for each platform. Feel free to try it out and ask any questions!

No summary available.

Summary

Self-hosting an email server can help automate tasks like mailing lists and newsletters. However, it poses a risk for email deliverability, meaning your emails might not reach their destinations reliably. For personal projects, self-hosting is almost free and requires minimal resources if you already host a website.

Setting up an email server isn’t as difficult as it seems. The author found it easier by avoiding complex configurations and opting for a simple setup. They use basic commands to send and receive emails directly from the server.

Key Components:

• Postfix: The author installed Postfix to handle sending and receiving emails, along with OpenDKIM for better deliverability to major email services like Gmail.
• TLS: An SSL certificate is necessary for secure email transmission. Only one certificate is needed for the main server hostname.
• DKIM, SPF, and DMARC: These are essential for proving email authenticity. DKIM involves generating a key and adding it to DNS, while SPF and DMARC records specify which servers can send emails on behalf of your domain.

Reverse DNS: Having a PTR record set up by your ISP can enhance email deliverability, though the author found success without it.

Testing: The author tested sending an email to Gmail, which was successfully delivered with the correct security checks (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).

For anyone considering self-hosting, ensure your DNS records are correct and your server configurations are properly set up. Future posts will cover building email applications with Python. If there are any questions or feedback about the setup, the author encourages reaching out via email.

No summary available.

The Old Stockholm Telephone Tower, known as Telefontornet, was a metal structure built in 1887 to connect about 5,500 telephone lines in Stockholm, Sweden. It stood 80 meters tall but became outdated by 1913 when underground telephone cables were installed. After being used for advertising starting in 1939, the tower was damaged by a fire in 1952 and was demolished in 1953 for safety reasons. The tower was initially unpopular with locals and underwent embellishments by architect Fritz Eckert.

Apple and Google recently removed an app called ICEBlock, which alerts users to the presence of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents. This decision followed pressure from Attorney General Pam Bondi, raising concerns about the influence of the Trump administration over tech companies. Critics argue that this move undermines free speech and represents government censorship through intimidation, a practice known as "jawboning."

The app, created by Joshua Aaron, had gained popularity as a tool to help people avoid ICE agents during heightened immigration enforcement. After its removal, Aaron accused the government of political pressure and vowed to fight the decision, claiming that the app's purpose was similar to other crowd-sourced apps that report hazards and police activities.

Legal experts warn that when companies yield to government demands, it can threaten free expression and set a dangerous precedent. Apple CEO Tim Cook has previously sought to maintain a positive relationship with the Trump administration, especially due to tariff concerns affecting the company's production.

Overall, the situation highlights the tension between government influence and the protection of free speech in the tech industry.

The job market for economics PhD holders is experiencing a severe decline, with job openings dropping by 30% over three years. In 2025, it's projected that there will only be about 1,000 positions available for PhD economists, down from 1,477 just three years ago. Most candidates are seeking tenure-track academic roles, but these positions have also fallen significantly from 631 in 2022 to about 400 in 2025.

Competition is fierce, with over 5,300 candidates vying for a mere 99 tenure-track positions, resulting in a placement rate of only about 7% for new graduates. This pool includes not only recent graduates but also candidates from previous years and international applicants, making the odds even worse, especially for those from less prestigious programs.

The decline in demand for economics PhDs is attributed to several factors: decreasing undergraduate enrollment in economics, demographic shifts leading to fewer college-age students, the rise of automation and artificial intelligence, and a loss of trust in the economics profession due to perceived inaccuracies in inflation reporting.

Outside academia, job opportunities in government and tech have also diminished. As a result, an economics PhD is increasingly seen as a poor investment, often leading to overqualified, underpaid graduates. The overall outlook for the job market is grim, with calls for universities to reduce the number of PhD admissions to address the oversupply of candidates.

The author discusses changes in the duration of Major League Baseball games after the introduction of a pitch clock. They intended to write about this topic earlier but delayed it until now, noting that they will update the post once 2025 data is available.

The key points include:

• The pitch clock significantly reduced game durations starting in 2023, bringing them back to levels seen in the early 1980s.
• The graph presented shows the median game duration and the interquartile range, indicating a large drop in game length in 2023, with a smaller decline in 2024.
• The author uses data from Retrosheet to analyze game durations and has created scripts to process this data and generate visual graphs.
• They express uncertainty about when the 2025 data will be available but plan to update their findings accordingly.

In summary, the pitch clock has successfully shortened baseball game durations, and the author is preparing to analyze and present more recent data when it becomes available.

Summary:

In this article, the author reflects on their five-year journey as a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at an early-stage startup. They recount how they joined the company when there was no product or team, just a poorly developed system on the Salesforce platform. The author was asked to fix the issues after a failed initial development process.

Despite lacking specific experience in fintech and Salesforce, the author used their tech background to address the challenges. They initially considered tackling the problem alone but wisely sought help from Salesforce experts. After some effort, they connected with a Belarusian agency that provided engineers, which allowed the project to finally progress.

The author emphasizes the importance of stepping out of one's comfort zone and learning from difficult situations while also warning against taking on roles without the necessary expertise. Overall, their experience has been a mix of challenges and growth, marking a significant personal achievement amidst global events.

The author is learning Rust and has created a tool called "Run," which is a command-line interface (CLI) for executing code in various programming languages. The tool allows users to run code snippets, execute files, read from standard input, and switch between interactive language-specific read-eval-print loops (REPLs).

Key features of Run include:

• Support for both interpreted languages (like Python and JavaScript) and compiled languages (like Rust and C++).
• Automatic language detection based on flags or file extensions.
• The ability to compile temporary files for compiled languages.
• A unified REPL experience with commands such as :help, :lang, and :quit.

To install Run, users can use the command "cargo install run-kit" or download it from GitHub. The author acknowledges that there may be bugs and is seeking feedback on usability, input handling, security, and cross-platform distribution. They are open to questions and willing to share design insights.

No summary available.

Summary of the DEC PDP-1 Manual (2025 Online Edition)

This manual provides guidance on using the PDP-1 computer, either in its original form from 1959 or in the PiDP-1 replica version. Here's an overview of the key sections:

1. Getting Started:

   • You can use the PiDP-1 software on any Linux machine without needing the physical replica.
   • The PDP-1, introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1959, was one of the first interactive computers, revolutionizing computing from punch card systems.

2. Using the PiDP-1:

   • Setup: Instructions for building and installing the PiDP-1 software are provided.
   • User Interface: Options include a GUI, web interface, or custom setups. Each method has different commands for controlling the PDP-1 simulator.
   • Sense Switches: These allow for quick boot options when using the PiDP-1 hardware.

3. Programming on the PDP-1:

   • The manual includes introductions to assembly programming, Lisp programming, and tools like the Expensive Typewriter (ET) for editing code.
   • The programming process generally involves writing code, compiling it, and debugging.

4. Games and Graphics:

   • A section is dedicated to games and graphics demos that can be run on the PDP-1, showcasing its capabilities.

5. File Exchange:

   • Instructions on converting between paper tape and plain text files are provided, allowing users to interact with modern computers.

6. Customizing the Setup:

   • Users can modify the software and hardware configurations for personalized setups. Detailed explanations of the software structure and how to interact with peripherals are included.

7. Learning Resources:

   • The manual encourages users to explore additional resources, such as Norbert Landsteiner’s website for programming guides and source code examples.

Overall, the manual aims to revive interest in the PDP-1 and make it accessible to both enthusiasts and newcomers to vintage computing.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Andrew Kelley highlighted that slow compile times contribute to software bugs, prompting the Zig programming language team to prioritize faster compile times. Their efforts are reflected in the recent release of Zig 0.15.1, which shows significant improvements in build times.

Key improvements include:

1. Build Script Compilation:

   • Zig 0.14 took 7.17 seconds; Zig 0.15 takes only 1.70 seconds.

2. Full Uncached Ghostty Binary:

   • Zig 0.14 required 41 seconds; Zig 0.15 reduced this to 32 seconds, with expectations for even faster times once the self-hosted backend is fully functional.

3. Incremental Build (Ghostty Executable):

   • Zig 0.14 took 19 seconds, while Zig 0.15 now takes 16 seconds, with further reductions expected when incremental compilation is fully implemented.

4. Incremental Build (libghostty-vt):

   • Zig 0.14 took about 2.88 seconds; Zig 0.15 improved this to 0.975 seconds, showcasing the efficiency of the self-hosted backend.

Overall, Zig 0.15.1 has made building projects like Ghostty noticeably faster in all scenarios, even though some features are still being developed. The improvements in compile times are expected to continue, enhancing developer productivity.

No summary available.

The article discusses how software engineers can navigate company politics effectively, emphasizing that they often feel powerless in this arena. Many engineers believe that political decisions are made selfishly and that they don't have the insider knowledge to influence these decisions. However, the author suggests that engineers can still engage in politics without resorting to scheming.

Key strategies include:

1. Contributing to High-Profile Projects: By focusing on making important projects successful, especially those backed by executives, engineers can gain recognition and rewards like bonuses and promotions.

2. Aligning Ideas with Company Goals: Instead of pushing personal projects alone, engineers should wait for a relevant company initiative (like improving reliability) to present their ideas. This way, they can leverage the political capital of executives to support their projects.

3. Preparedness: Engineers should have multiple project ideas ready to align with shifting company priorities. This ensures they can propose solutions when executives are looking for ideas, thus avoiding poor decisions that may arise from a lack of good options.

The article encourages engineers to be proactive and prepared, viewing their role as adapting to company needs while still advancing their technical goals. The author acknowledges the potential cynicism in this approach but believes it can lead to better outcomes for both engineers and the company.

Microsoft 365 Copilot is struggling commercially, with reports indicating only about 8 million active licensed users, which is just 1.81% of the 440 million Microsoft 365 subscribers. This low adoption rate, only expected to rise to around 2% by November 2025, is concerning given the significant marketing push from Microsoft over the past two years. Many partners have had to purchase these licenses at a steep price, and many users find the value of Copilot insufficient compared to cheaper alternatives.

Additionally, other Microsoft AI tools, such as SharePoint agents, are not performing much better, with only a tiny percentage of users actively engaging with them. Despite the push for AI integration across businesses, many companies are not willing to pay for these services, indicating a mismatch between demand for AI features and willingness to spend on them.

As a response to these challenges, Microsoft is exploring new strategies, including bundling Copilot with existing licenses and introducing a "Bring Your Own Copilot" model to encourage broader usage. However, the overall perception of Copilot as a desirable product has faltered, leading to a shift in leadership focus from commercial success to technical development.

In summary, Microsoft 365 Copilot's commercial performance is disappointing, with low user adoption and a need for a strategic reevaluation to improve its market position.

Summary: Whiteboarding with AI

In software development, starting with a thoughtful design process—similar to whiteboarding—is more effective than jumping straight to coding. This approach involves mapping out problems and exploring solutions in Markdown, which serves as a persistent design document.

The key benefits include:

1. Better Code Quality: Planning with a smarter AI model (like Claude Opus) allows for clearer architectural decisions before executing the code with a more affordable model (like Sonnet). This results in fewer bugs and lower costs.

2. Visual Diagrams: Using tools like Mermaid simplifies creating diagrams that illustrate system architecture and data flows. This makes it easier to visualize complex concepts without spending too much time on formatting.

3. Personalized Learning: When learning new codebases, I generate tailored documentation and diagrams with AI, which helps me understand the architecture better than generic documents.

4. Optimized Workflow: I developed a tool called mdserve, which provides a fast Markdown preview with Mermaid support, enhancing my workflow. I primarily use Neovim for edits and rely on AI for planning, allowing me to focus on design rather than typing.

Overall, this AI-assisted whiteboarding method has transformed my software development process, enabling deeper thinking about problems and designs.

EasyOS Overview

EasyOS is a unique Linux distribution that started in January 2017. It aims to provide an easy-to-use and innovative operating system. Here are the key features that make EasyOS different:

1. Container Support: EasyOS is built to run applications in containers, which are lightweight and easy to manage through a graphical interface.

2. Speed: It operates primarily in RAM, making app and container launches very quick.

3. Drive Longevity: It minimizes writes to flash drives, which helps them last longer.

4. Drive Isolation: Users can boot in a mode that isolates the system from drives for enhanced security.

5. Root Access: Users operate as the root user, simplifying permission issues. Applications run with limited privileges to ensure security.

6. File Management: A dedicated folder structure allows for personal files to be easily managed and stored securely.

7. Installation Flexibility: EasyOS is provided as an image file for USB drives and does not require a full installation; it can coexist with other systems.

8. Upgrades and Snapshots: Users can roll back or forward between system states easily, and upgrades are straightforward.

9. Multiple Package Managers: It includes several package managers to install various applications easily.

10. User-Friendly Interface: The operating system is designed with simple graphical interfaces for configuration, avoiding command-line complexity.

11. Lightweight Desktop: EasyOS uses the JWM-ROX desktop environment, which is fast and efficient.

12. Encryption: Users can encrypt their working folders for added security.

13. Broad Compatibility: It supports both modern and older hardware, with a focus on running on minimal resources.

14. Community and Development: EasyOS is continually evolving, with updates and community support available through Barry Kauler's blog.

EasyOS is experimental and designed to be user-friendly while offering unique features that set it apart from other Linux distributions.

In Chapter 1 of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," Alice is bored while sitting by her sister and wishes for something interesting to do. She notices a White Rabbit with pink eyes who talks to itself about being late and pulls out a watch from its waistcoat pocket. Curious, Alice follows the Rabbit and jumps down a large rabbit-hole.

As she falls, she realizes the hole is deep and takes her time to look around, noticing shelves filled with cupboards, maps, and pictures. She grabs a jar labeled "ORANGE MARMALADE," but it's empty and she puts it back as she falls. Alice starts talking to herself about her cat, Dinah, and hopes she's being taken care of. Just then, she lands on a pile of sticks and leaves, and her fall comes to an end.

Social anxiety is often misunderstood as a desire to be liked, but it's more about avoiding being disliked. People with social anxiety may behave in ways that actually make them less likable, such as shrinking in social situations or avoiding risks. This behavior stems from a fear of negative outcomes rather than a pursuit of acceptance.

For example, just as someone might avoid risky financial decisions to prevent bankruptcy, socially anxious individuals may avoid drawing attention to themselves to prevent disapproval or conflict. In close friendships, people can feel safer and more willing to take social risks because the bond reduces anxiety about making mistakes.

Recognizing that social anxiety is about avoiding dislike rather than seeking approval can help shift focus towards managing fears. Instead of trying harder to be liked, the goal should be to become comfortable with the idea of being disliked. This understanding can lead to personal growth and better social interactions.

Cancer begins when a normal cell has a DNA mutation. This mutation causes the cell to grow and divide uncontrollably, ignoring the body's normal checks. As a result, a tumor develops, and some cells can break away and spread to other areas of the body.

The article discusses how software engineers responded when asked to engage in illegal activities at work, highlighting three real-life cases.

1. FTX Case: Nishad Singh, an engineering director at FTX, learned that the company had misused billions of dollars in customer funds. Despite realizing this, he chose to confront the CEO rather than quitting or reporting the fraud. Ultimately, Singh's decision to stay led him to face potential prison time, although he later received a reduced sentence.

2. Frank Case: Charlie Javice, CEO of the student loan startup Frank, pressured an engineer to create fake customer data to impress potential buyers. The engineering director refused to comply and instead provided the actual numbers, which protected them from legal trouble, while Javice now faces charges for fraud.

3. Pollen Case: An engineer at Pollen was instructed by the CEO to double charge customers, which was later revealed to be a deliberate action. The engineer’s involvement could lead to legal consequences, while the CEO remains uncharged.

The key takeaway is that engineers should feel empowered to refuse illegal requests, as those who comply may face serious repercussions. The only engineer who remains legally safe is the one who refused to assist in wrongdoing.

This post celebrates the "Beer Can," an important structure at the South Pole Station that connects the living area above ground with the industrial facilities below.

The elevated station, built in 2008, is a large building that houses amenities like sleeping quarters, dining, offices, a gym, and more, allowing staff to live comfortably without needing to go outside for days. Beneath the snow, the "Arches" contain essential operations like power generation, water filtration, and maintenance.

The Beer Can is a 50-foot tall metal cylinder that links these two zones. It has 90 stairs and a freight elevator for transporting supplies and waste between the levels. The Beer Can is unheated, so it feels very cold inside. Descending through it brings you to the utility area where vital infrastructure is located.

Despite being just a stairwell, the Beer Can serves as a crucial transition between the living space and the industrial zone, making it an interesting and notable feature of the South Pole Station.

The text discusses the AT protocol, which allows different servers to communicate in a web-like structure using JSON data identified by unique at:// URIs. It mentions several examples of these URIs and introduces the process of resolving them to find the corresponding JSON data.

Key points include:

• The AT protocol creates a network of interconnected data.
• Each piece of data has a unique identifier (URI).
• The structure of a URI includes a scheme, authority, and path.
• The post aims to explain how to locate data using an at:// URI and understand the workings of the AT protocol.

No summary available.

Sora Update #1 Summary

Sora is learning from user feedback and is planning two key changes soon.

1. Rightsholder Control: Rightsholders will get more detailed control over how their characters are used in the platform, similar to an opt-in model. This change is aimed at allowing them to engage with users while maintaining the ability to specify usage limits.

2. Monetization for Video Generation: Since users are generating more videos than expected, Sora will explore revenue-sharing options with rightsholders for the use of their characters in user-generated content. They are still figuring out the best model for this.

Sora expects to evolve rapidly, learning from both successes and mistakes, and applying these lessons across their products. They are particularly inspired by the strong connection users have with Japanese content.

The text discusses the author's journey to acquire and configure a Kintex UltraScale+ FPGA development board for upcoming projects. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. FPGA Selection: The author initially considered a high-end Xilinx Virtex FPGA but opted for a more affordable Kintex UltraScale+ model due to budget constraints. They focused on the XCKU3P and XCKU5P models, which are powerful enough for prototyping.

2. Board Options: The author explored different options for obtaining a development board, including designing one from scratch or purchasing from vendors like Alinx. They found Alinx boards to be reasonably priced but later discovered a cheap second-hand board on eBay for $200.

3. eBay Purchase: The eBay listing featured a decommissioned Alibaba Cloud FPGA with no documentation, which posed a challenge. Despite the risks, the author was excited about unlocking the potential of this low-cost board.

4. Debugger Challenges: The author aims to use OpenOCD, an open-source tool, instead of Xilinx's proprietary debugging tools. This approach sacrifices some built-in features but offers flexibility and cost savings.

5. Configuration Plan: The author outlined a step-by-step plan to confirm the board's functionality, connect a debugger, and understand the JTAG interface. They will check if the board works by detecting PCIe connections and will probe JTAG to access system registers for further diagnostics.

Overall, the text captures the author's adventurous spirit in tackling the challenges of FPGA development with limited resources.

The U.K. government is again asking Apple to create a backdoor in its encrypted backup services, but this time the demand only affects British users. This request is made under a law called the Investigatory Powers Act, which could force Apple to spy on its users.

Previously, Apple chose to remove its Advanced Data Protection feature, which provides strong encryption for iCloud, rather than create a backdoor. Although the U.K. government appeared to withdraw its initial demand in August, the new order suggests they were just revising it to focus on British users.

This situation raises concerns about user safety and privacy, as creating a backdoor increases risks of hacking and fraud. It sets a troubling precedent that could lead to similar demands from other governments. Additionally, this news follows the U.K.'s announcement of a mandatory digital ID scheme.

A tribunal hearing related to this demand was scheduled for January 2026, but it is unclear if this will change due to the new order. Apple must continue to reject these backdoor demands, as weakening encryption for one country affects everyone and undermines basic human rights to privacy.

Summary of ".NET Core Platform Intrinsics: Accelerating SHA-256 on ARMv8"

The article discusses how .NET Core 2.1 enhances high-performance programming through hardware-accelerated SIMD operations. Before this version, developers could only use basic vectorization via the System.Numerics package, which had limited capabilities. The introduction of platform intrinsics in .NET Core 2.1 allows for more advanced operations, particularly for cryptographic tasks like SHA-256.

Key points include:

1. Platform Intrinsics: The System.Runtime.Intrinsics namespace offers access to ARM and x86 instruction sets, allowing for more efficient coding, especially for cryptography.

2. ARMv8 SHA-256 Instructions: The ARMv8 architecture includes specific instructions to speed up SHA-256 operations. These instructions are wrapped in C# APIs, making them easy to use.

3. Implementation of SHA-256: The SHA-256 algorithm processes data in 512-bit blocks and is optimized using the new intrinsic functions. The implementation involves both message scheduling and a main compression loop, which are accelerated by the new APIs.

4. Performance Testing: The author benchmarks the performance of their intrinsic-based implementation against existing libraries like OpenSSL and BouncyCastle. While the intrinsic implementation is faster than the managed version, the lack of some ARM-specific intrinsics (like endianness reversal) slows it down compared to OpenSSL.

5. Conclusion: The article highlights that while the new features in .NET Core 2.1 are promising, they are still in development and require further exploration. The author plans to continue sharing insights on using intrinsics in upcoming posts.

Overall, the article emphasizes the potential of .NET Core 2.1 for high-performance applications, particularly in cryptography, by leveraging new platform intrinsics.

The Format Gallery provides a collection of data formats defined using Kaitai Struct, which allows users to:

• Use the formats as a text reference.
• View them as visual diagrams.
• Explore hex dumps in detail with a visualizer.
• Compile them into libraries for different programming languages.

Key categories included in the gallery are:

• 3D Models: Formats like gltf_binary and quake2_md2.
• Android-specific Files: Includes various bootloader and image formats.
• Archive Files: Formats like zip, rar, and gzip.
• Databases: Includes dbf and sqlite3.
• Executables: Formats like elf and Microsoft PE.
• Filesystems: Such as ext2 and vfat.
• Image Files: Includes formats like jpeg, png, and gif.
• Multimedia Files: Covers formats like mp3, avi, and wav.
• Networking Protocols: Includes various packet formats.
• Windows-specific Files: Such as bmp, wav, and the Windows event log.

Contributions to the gallery are encouraged, and users can submit their format specifications via GitHub.

In the article, Ed Nite shares his experience of feeling overshadowed by AI in both personal and professional settings. He recounts a disagreement with his wife over a domain name, where he confidently turned to AI for support, only to have it side with her and undermine his judgment. This incident made him realize that the real threat of AI isn't job loss, but the risk of surrendering our own judgment to machines that present confident answers.

Nite discusses how clients and people around him increasingly rely on AI-generated suggestions, treating them as authoritative, even when they lack depth or context. He acknowledges his own use of AI for various tasks, but warns against the temptation to defer to its certainty without questioning its advice. The article emphasizes that while AI can provide quick answers, true wisdom comes from critical thinking and human experience.

Ultimately, Nite advocates for maintaining our ability to question and think critically, rather than blindly accepting confident answers from AI or anyone else. He concludes by encouraging curiosity and the importance of human judgment in a world where information is readily available but wisdom is harder to cultivate.

Summary of Key Points:

1. New Lens Announcement: The 7Artisans AF 10mm f/2.8 lens for Nikon Z-mount has been officially announced.

2. Nikon ZR Camera Features: The Nikon ZR camera can record video for up to 125 minutes without overheating.

3. Color Science Insights:

   • Color science blends art and technology. The Nikon ZR features an advanced raw video format called R3D NE, which emphasizes color science.
   • Nikon's "Flexible Picture Controls" allow users to customize how colors are rendered, providing more creative control than previous models.

4. Understanding Raw Files:

   • Raw files are essentially black-and-white images representing light intensity, with color added through filters on the sensor.
   • The quality of colors can vary based on the camera's sensor and filter design.

5. Log Gamma Curves:

   • Log curves are used in video recording to balance dynamic range and improve shadow precision while sacrificing some highlight detail.

6. Debayering Process: This process involves interpreting the color of pixels based on the filters, with the goal of reconstructing a full-color image from the raw data.

7. Picture Controls:

   • These controls are crucial for transforming raw images into visually appealing outputs, allowing for extensive customization of colors and tones.
   • Recent advancements enable more precise adjustments, making them more versatile than traditional film simulations.

8. Practical Applications: The flexible picture controls can be used creatively for both photography and video, enhancing the shooting experience without needing extensive post-processing.

Overall, the advancements in Nikon's color science and picture controls aim to enhance creative flexibility for photographers and videographers alike.

No summary available.

Summary of Ben Johnson's Update on Litestream

Ben Johnson works on Litestream at Fly.io, a tool that enhances SQLite applications by providing a robust backup and restore system. Litestream runs alongside SQLite applications, automatically backing up data without the application needing to be aware of it. This allows for quick recovery in case of server failures.

Recently, Litestream received a significant update, which includes improved speed and the ability for point-in-time recovery (PITR). Key features of this update include:

1. LTX File Format: Litestream now uses an LTX file format, which allows for more efficient data handling by compacting changes over time and enabling faster database restoration.

2. Simplified Backups: The new system eliminates the concept of "generations" for backups, making it easier to track changes and restore the database.

3. Single Replica Destination: Users can now only use one replica destination per database, simplifying the setup and reducing complications.

4. Performance Improvements: The underlying LTX file format is improved for better performance, allowing for granular data operations and easier feature development.

5. Integration with NATS JetStream: Litestream can now work with NATS JetStream, allowing users to set up without needing additional object storage.

The team is also working on a new feature that will allow users to spin up read replicas quickly, enhancing the overall functionality of Litestream.

This update aims to make Litestream faster, simpler, and more reliable for users building applications with SQLite.

No summary available.

Summary of PEP 810 – Explicit Lazy Imports

Overview: PEP 810 proposes a new way to import modules in Python called "lazy imports." This allows developers to delay loading a module until it is actually needed, rather than at the time of the import statement. This can lead to faster startup times and reduced memory usage, especially beneficial for command-line tools and applications with many dependencies.

Key Features:

• Syntax: A new keyword lazy will be added, allowing imports to be marked explicitly as lazy, e.g., lazy import json.
• Deferred Loading: Modules are not loaded until the first use of an imported name, which can significantly speed up the program startup.
• Backward Compatibility: Existing import statements remain unchanged; lazy imports are optional.
• Error Handling: Errors related to lazy imports will occur at the first use of the lazy-loaded module, providing clearer error messages.

Motivation: Current practices often lead to unnecessary loading of many modules, even for simple tasks like showing help messages in command-line tools. Lazy imports help avoid this by only loading what is necessary.

Design Decisions:

• Local Scope: Laziness applies only to the specific import, preventing cascading effects.
• Explicitness: The lazy keyword makes it clear which imports are lazy, maintaining Python's philosophy of explicitness.
• Control: Developers retain control over which imports are lazy, allowing for incremental adoption.

Advantages:

• Can reduce startup latency by up to 70%.
• Eliminates runtime costs for imports used solely for type annotations.
• Helps manage memory usage by keeping unnecessary modules unloaded.

Implementation Details:

• Lazy imports create a proxy object that represents the module until it is accessed.
• A global flag can control lazy imports across an application.
• A filter can be set to determine which imports should be lazy, allowing for fine-tuned control.

Considerations for Developers:

• Care should be taken with modules that have side effects during import, as these will not execute until the module is first accessed.
• Migration to lazy imports can be done gradually, allowing developers to improve performance without a complete rewrite of their code.

Conclusion: PEP 810 introduces a structured and controlled way to implement lazy imports in Python, aimed at enhancing performance without sacrificing clarity or backward compatibility. It allows developers to optimize their programs by deferring unnecessary module loading until absolutely needed.

A recent clinical trial presented at the ASTRO Annual Meeting shows that low-dose radiation therapy can significantly relieve pain for patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study involved 114 patients divided into three groups: one received a very low dose of radiation, another a low dose, and a control group received a sham treatment without radiation.

After four months, 70% of patients in the low-dose group reported significant pain relief, compared to only 42% in the placebo group. This suggests that low-dose radiation is more effective than a placebo for treating mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

Dr. Byoung Hyuck Kim, the study's lead researcher, emphasized that this treatment offers a safer alternative to pain medications and surgery for patients struggling with arthritis pain. He noted that low-dose radiation has been used successfully in some European countries but is not widely known in others.

The trial's design, which limited the use of other pain medications, helped clarify the treatment's effectiveness. The researchers are continuing to study the long-term benefits and are planning larger trials to further evaluate this treatment option.

Summary of Advanced Matrix Multiplication Optimization on Modern Multi-Core Processors

This blog post discusses optimizing matrix multiplication for modern multi-core processors using specific vector instructions (FMA3 and AVX2). The code for this optimization is available in a file named sgemm.c. The implementation shows good performance on various x86-64 CPUs, but fine-tuning parameters like thread count and matrix sizes is crucial for achieving peak performance. It's noted that on CPUs with AVX-512 capabilities, existing BLAS libraries may perform faster, but this optimization aims for compatibility across a broader range of processors.

Key Points:

1. Importance of Matrix Multiplication: Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in neural networks, commonly used in libraries like PyTorch and NumPy, which rely on optimized BLAS libraries.

2. Implementation Goals: The author aimed to create a matrix multiplication implementation in pure C that works for any matrix size and performs competitively with existing BLAS libraries.

3. Optimization Techniques:

   • The post introduces several optimization techniques, including:
     • Kernel Design: Splitting the matrices into smaller sub-matrices (kernels) for efficient computation.
     • Cache Blocking: Dividing matrices into smaller blocks that fit into CPU caches to minimize memory access time.
     • SIMD Instructions: Using vectorized operations to speed up calculations.
     • Multithreading: Parallelizing operations to utilize multiple CPU cores effectively.

4. Implementation Details:

   • The naive implementation of matrix multiplication is provided, serving as a baseline for optimization.
   • A more efficient kernel is developed, focusing on reducing memory accesses and utilizing CPU registers effectively.
   • The implementation includes padding techniques to handle arbitrary matrix sizes and ensure compatibility.

5. Performance Benchmarking: The post details benchmarking methods to evaluate the performance of the custom implementation against the OpenBLAS library, emphasizing the importance of minimizing background tasks during testing.

6. Future Collaborations: The author invites collaboration from interested parties and provides contact information.

Overall, the blog post serves as a comprehensive guide to optimizing matrix multiplication for modern processors, blending theoretical insights with practical coding techniques.

Summary of Niri Wayland Compositor

Niri is a scrollable-tiling Wayland compositor designed for efficient window management. Here are the key features:

• Window Arrangement: Windows are organized in columns on an infinite horizontal strip, with no resizing of existing windows when new ones are opened. Each monitor has its own window strip, and windows cannot overflow onto adjacent monitors.

• Dynamic Workspaces: Workspaces are vertical and dynamic, with each monitor having its own independent set of workspaces. There's always one empty workspace available. Workspaces are preserved when monitors are connected or disconnected.

• User Features:

  • Supports built-in screenshot tools and screencasting.
  • Allows customization of window layouts, including gaps and borders.
  • Features animations and supports touchpad and mouse gestures.
  • Works with screen readers for accessibility.

• Performance and Compatibility: Niri is stable for daily use and supports multi-monitor setups, fractional scaling, and various input devices like tablets and touchscreens. It integrates Xwayland for compatibility with X applications.

• Community and Contributions: Users are encouraged to join the community via Matrix or Discord to ask questions or contribute to the project.

Niri is inspired by PaperWM, which also implements scrollable tiling but as a GNOME Shell extension. For more information and to get started, users can visit the official Niri documentation.

The text talks about "Strictly Necessary Cookies," which are essential for the website to work properly. These cookies help with security, preventing fraud, and allowing purchases. While you can block these cookies in your browser, some features of the site may not work if you do.

Toyota hosted a car-hacking event called Hack Festa, which engages IT students in a competition involving car-related hacking tasks. This event, held not just in Japan but also in the U.S. and Ireland, aims to enhance cybersecurity in the auto industry.

As cars become more connected through the internet, they face new security threats. The event encourages students to develop skills to defend against these potential hacks, which could compromise essential driving functions. The goal is to address the challenges of modern automotive technology and improve safety for consumers.

In summary, Toyota's Hack Festa is a proactive approach to cybersecurity, teaching students how to protect vehicles from hacking threats while making the learning process enjoyable.

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No summary available.

The Samsung Galaxy Tab S11 offers an excellent tablet experience, but it has some drawbacks. Key features include a high-quality display and strong performance. However, there are a few limitations that users should consider. Overall, it’s a great tablet, but it may not be perfect for everyone.

No summary available.

The text discusses how to set up WireGuard VPN topologies for self-hosting services at home, based on the author’s experience of moving from a remote server to a home server. The key points are:

1. Motivation for Self-Hosting: The author wants to have control over their hardware and network while keeping the setup simple.

2. WireGuard Overview: WireGuard is a VPN that adds complexity but provides secure connections between devices. Its use depends on individual needs and network constraints.

3. Constraints:

   • First-order constraints:
     • No reliance on external services; access should be possible as long as the home network is functioning.
     • Adopt principles of Zero Trust Architecture (secure every communication).
     • External access should be optional and not compromise the design.
   • Second-order constraints:
     • Use WireGuard directly, avoiding additional software for simplicity.
     • All devices should be managed individually.

4. Network Topologies:

   • Point-to-Point: Each device connects directly to others, but this can lead to issues with dynamic IP addresses.
   • Hub-and-Spoke: A central device (hub) forwards packets between devices (spokes). This setup allows for remote access through a VPS (Virtual Private Server).
   • Two Hubs: The home server and VPS work together to facilitate connections, but there are limitations, such as the inability for certain connections to initiate from outside the local network.

5. Home Network Design: The author suggests using a router that can run WireGuard as the central hub, simplifying the configuration and improving reliability.

6. Final Thoughts: The author emphasizes the advantages of using WireGuard, such as ease of deployment and improved understanding of networking. They also highlight the trade-offs involved in different configurations and the importance of managing access control across multiple firewalls.

The piece concludes with an acknowledgment of the learning experience gained from setting up WireGuard and a promise for future discussions on related topics like DNS and access control.

In 1993, discovering new music meant tuning into the radio, but by 1994, emailing an AI called Ringo became the new trend. Users would send their favorite artists to Ringo and receive personalized music recommendations, leading to many users finding new songs they loved. The concept behind Ringo was based on "social filtering," which suggests that people with similar tastes are likely to enjoy the same new artists.

As the internet grew rapidly in the early 1990s, finding relevant content became challenging. Researchers believed that social filtering could help users navigate this overload of information by using recommendations from others with similar preferences. Early systems like Tapestry and SIFT utilized crowdsourced wisdom to filter content through email, allowing users to receive tailored suggestions based on their interests.

Ringo built on these ideas, allowing users to rate artists and receive recommendations based on their preferences. Despite some initial inaccuracies, users embraced Ringo and found value in its suggestions. The success of Ringo highlighted how AI could aggregate human preferences to provide personalized recommendations.

Over time, the early email-based systems evolved into more sophisticated platforms, influencing today’s recommendation algorithms on services like Google, Netflix, and Spotify. The enduring appeal of these systems lies in their ability to connect users with similar tastes, showcasing the importance of human input in developing effective AI.