Igalia has received funding from the Sovereign Tech Fund to enhance the Servo web engine, which they have maintained since 2023. Servo is a modern web engine built in Rust, and this investment will focus on three main areas:

1. Accessibility Support: Servo currently lacks essential accessibility features for assistive technologies like screen readers. The funding will help implement these features to make Servo usable for all users.

2. WebView API Development: The team will complete the WebView API, which is necessary for embedding Servo in desktop and mobile applications. This will expand its use and adoption.

3. Project Maintenance: Maintaining Servo is vital for its ongoing success and for the broader Rust ecosystem. The funding will support tasks like issue management, code reviews, and version releases.

Igalia sees Servo as an important part of the future of web engines and is committed to its development. They appreciate the support from the Sovereign Tech Fund and look forward to sharing updates on their progress.

I created a new generative model called Discrete Distribution Networks (DDN), which has been accepted for presentation at ICLR 2025. DDN is different from traditional generative models like Diffusion, GAN, VAE, and autoregressive models in a few key ways:

1. It generates multiple outputs at once instead of just one.
2. These multiple outputs help approximate the target data distribution.
3. Together, these outputs form a discrete distribution, which is why it’s called "Discrete Distribution Networks."

DDN has unique features, including:

• Zero-Shot Conditional Generation (ZSCG).
• A one-dimensional discrete latent representation arranged in a tree structure.
• It is fully end-to-end differentiable.

Reviews of DDN highlighted its novelty and potential to lead to new advancements in generative modeling.

A Ryanair flight from Pisa, Italy, to Prestwick, Scotland, faced dangerous conditions due to wind speeds of up to 100 mph during Storm Amy. After three unsuccessful landing attempts, the pilots issued a mayday call and redirected to Manchester Airport, where the weather was calmer. The plane landed with only six minutes of fuel left.

An investigation by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) has begun, prompted by Ryanair's report of the incident. Passengers described a turbulent journey, with one recalling the plane's struggles during descent. They eventually arrived in Prestwick about 10 hours later than scheduled. Experts noted that landing with such low fuel is extremely risky.

Summary: Uncovering the Molecular Basis of Long COVID Brain Fog

Researchers from Japan have made important discoveries about Long COVID, a condition that can cause cognitive issues known as "brain fog." They used a special brain imaging technique to study AMPA receptors, which are crucial for memory and learning. Their findings show that patients with Long COVID have higher levels of these receptors in their brains, which are linked to the severity of their cognitive problems.

Despite being a widespread issue affecting many people after COVID-19, the causes of Long COVID and brain fog are not well understood. Previous studies found some brain changes, but researchers struggled to identify the exact molecular problems. This new research, led by Professor Takuya Takahashi, reveals that increased AMPA receptor density may explain cognitive symptoms in Long COVID patients.

The team compared brain scans of 30 Long COVID patients with 80 healthy individuals and found significant increases in AMPA receptors in the patients. This increase correlated with the severity of their cognitive impairment, suggesting a biological link. Additionally, inflammatory markers in the brain were also related to AMPA levels.

These findings could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments for Long COVID. For instance, medications that reduce AMPA activity might help alleviate brain fog. The study also demonstrated that the imaging technique can accurately differentiate between affected and healthy individuals.

Overall, this research highlights the need for better recognition of Long COVID as a clinical condition and encourages the development of effective treatment strategies.

Summary of Mesh Shaders Release

The OpenGL/ES Working Group has officially released GL_EXT_mesh_shader, a significant extension for OpenGL, marking the largest update in a decade. This achievement is largely credited to AMD, especially Qiang Yu, who led the project, and Shihao Wang, who developed important test cases.

Additionally, support for Minecraft mods using this extension is in progress and will be available soon. The code for the extension has been integrated into Mesa, and efforts to add compatibility with RadeonSI are ongoing. The aim is to ensure AMD's driver is the first to support this extension, as a sign of appreciation for their hard work.

The post was written on October 9, 2025, signaling the completion of this significant development.

The text discusses the concept of governance and environmental management, emphasizing that good governance is about integrating the best solutions rather than compromising. It highlights the idea that life itself can serve as effective technology for ecological management, referencing science fiction works like Frank Herbert's "Dune" and the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock.

Key points include:

1. Natural Systems and Ecosystem Engineering: The text describes how certain species, like beavers and mangroves, can significantly alter their ecosystems, providing benefits like water storage and storm protection. Techniques like Beaver Dam Analogues (BDAs) and bioswales are discussed as practical ways to mimic natural processes for environmental restoration.

2. Innovative Solutions: Various methods for water management and ecological restoration, such as rain gardens, johads (earthen dams), and xeriscaping (using native plants), are presented as effective strategies for enhancing water retention and reducing runoff.

3. Coastal and Marine Ecosystems: Oyster reefs and mangroves are highlighted for their roles in protecting coastlines and sequestering carbon. Recent advancements in restoration techniques, including drone planting of mangroves, are also mentioned.

4. Agricultural Innovations: Integrated farming systems, like the traditional rice-fish-duck method, are shown to create sustainable agricultural practices that enhance productivity without synthetic inputs.

5. Challenges to Scaling: The text outlines significant challenges to scaling ecological solutions, including ecological mismatches, governance issues, industrial constraints, and the need for political will to support long-term projects.

6. Industrial Capacity: A major bottleneck in deploying biological solutions is the industrial capacity to produce and implement these technologies at scale, which is hindered by a lack of investment and infrastructure.

In summary, while natural systems offer promising solutions for environmental challenges, successfully implementing these solutions on a large scale requires overcoming significant industrial, political, and governance obstacles.

NanoMi Overview

NanoMi is an open source project developed by the National Research Council (NRC) that focuses on creating a modular Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for ultra-high vacuum applications.

Key Points:

• It is designed to be built, modified, and added to by users, encouraging community contributions.
• Users can request blueprints and access software components through a GitHub repository and a dedicated website.
• The project promotes collaboration, requiring contributors to share any modifications they make.
• Updates and discussions are available on their GitHub site, which has migrated to NanoMi.org.
• Software is licensed under GPL v3, allowing for free use and modification.
• Additional educational resources are provided through MyScope, an online platform from Microscopy Australia.

For more information, visit the NanoMi website or contact the NRC directly.

The person wants to buy a second TV to use as a monitor for their System76 laptop, which is connected to music equipment. They're looking for a used TV on Facebook Marketplace and are interested in brands like Samsung, LG, RCA, and Sony. They prefer a TV that doesn’t push apps or streaming services and mainly wants it to connect via HDMI. They are asking for suggestions on the best brand or model for their needs.

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her dedicated efforts to promote democratic rights in Venezuela and to work towards a peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.

Summary of Bypassing Air Canada's In-flight Network Restrictions

The author describes their experience on an Air Canada flight from Canada to Hong Kong, where they encountered restricted in-flight WiFi. The free service only allowed messaging apps, while full internet access required a payment of CAD $30.75. Curious about bypassing these restrictions, the author collaborated with a tech-savvy roommate to explore ways to access other websites using the available messaging app.

1. Initial Setup: The in-flight WiFi required verification of Aeroplan membership to access the internet. The author attempted to disguise the target website (github.com) as an approved domain (acwifi.com) but found this method ineffective due to blocking of specific IP addresses.

2. DNS Port Masquerading: After the first approach failed, they tried using DNS requests, which were still functional. They discovered that they could use arbitrary DNS servers and even TCP queries, indicating a loophole in the network restrictions.

3. Proxy Server Setup: They set up a proxy server disguised as a DNS server, allowing them to route all internet requests through it. This clever workaround successfully enabled access to various websites, including github.com.

4. Ultimate Approach - DNS Tunnel: As a backup plan, they considered using a DNS tunnel to encapsulate requests within genuine DNS queries, but this required additional software that was not available.

5. Conclusion: After about four hours of effort, they successfully bypassed the restrictions but noted that the plane's limited bandwidth made browsing slow. They concluded with a reminder that their exploration was for educational purposes and adhered to regulations.

Overall, the experience was both a challenge and an enjoyable technical exercise during their long flight.

The text discusses design principles for creating the letter "A." It emphasizes the importance of achieving balance between the upper and lower spaces in the letter, as unevenness can make it look awkward. The text also points out that joints in the letter should not have an even stroke weight, as this can create a heavy appearance. Instead, joints should taper slightly and not dictate the overall contrast of the letter. The key takeaway is that if a design looks wrong, it likely is, and intentionality in design choices is crucial. The discussion will continue on the letter "B" next.

Completing large technical projects can be challenging, but breaking them down into smaller tasks can help maintain motivation and excitement. The author suggests that seeing tangible results regularly is key to staying engaged.

1. Starting Point: The hardest part is figuring out how to start a project. Instead of setting an overwhelming goal, choose a smaller, manageable task that allows you to see quick results.

2. Early Results: Early work may not be visible, so it's helpful to choose tasks that can be tested easily, such as automated tests, to track progress. For example, the author started with VT parsing for a terminal emulator project, which provided clear feedback through tests.

3. Demos: The goal of early tasks is to create a "good enough" version for a demo rather than aiming for perfection. Frequent demos help assess the product and maintain motivation.

4. Build for Yourself: In personal projects, focus on building what you need for yourself first. This ensures that the software is useful to you, which can keep you motivated.

5. Iterate: After creating a demo, continue to improve your project by addressing any issues you encounter while using it.

In summary, to stay motivated while working on large projects, break them down into smaller tasks, focus on quick wins, build for personal use, and iterate based on real-world feedback.

"Lights Out" is a puzzle game played on a grid where each cell is either red or white. The aim is to change all cells to red. When you click on a cell, it flips its color and also changes the colors of all cells in the same row and column.

This game is similar to solving a Rubik's cube because fixing one cell can disrupt its neighbors. There are different methods to solve the puzzle, including mathematical approaches, logical reasoning, and brute force.

The game is inspired by a classic handheld game from 1997 and has variations. The author created an app using TypeScript to explore different strategies and board configurations, and they also made a video using the Python library manim. They encourage others to try the game and share their experiences.

Weave is a fast-growing, profitable startup looking for exceptional engineers to help build top-notch software for engineering teams. The CTO, Andrew, and CEO, Adam, will directly support new hires.

Key qualifications include:

• Being a strong engineer who is determined to achieve goals.
• Being pragmatic, able to prioritize tasks in a dynamic startup environment.
• Committed to personal growth as an engineer.
• Empathetic, with an understanding of users’ needs.
• Passionate about helping other software engineering teams.
• Excellent communication skills for clear interactions with users.
• Gritty, willing to tackle challenges.

Preferred skills (not required) include experience with React, TypeScript, Go, or Python, and a background in engineering productivity.

In this role as Weave’s founding AI engineer, you will develop AI solutions to enhance the work of software engineers, streamline processes, and deliver features that significantly improve user experience.

A young mathematician named Pavel Galashin has discovered a significant connection between origami, the art of paper folding, and the amplituhedron, a geometric shape central to particle physics. His research shows that origami patterns can be represented as points forming the amplituhedron, which helps solve a long-standing question about whether this shape can be broken down into simpler parts for calculations related to particle interactions.

Historically, physicists have struggled to calculate how particles like gluons interact using methods like Feynman diagrams, which become overwhelmingly complex with more particles. A newer approach called BCFW recursion simplifies this but still faces challenges. The amplituhedron offers a geometric way to understand these interactions more intuitively.

Galashin's work not only confirms that the amplituhedron can be decomposed into simpler components but also integrates origami into this mathematical framework. This connection allows for a new way to visualize and calculate particle interactions. Mathematicians and physicists are excited about the implications of this discovery, as it could lead to new insights into the nature of particle physics and potentially simplify complex calculations.

In 2019, the author identified "tutorial hell" as a major issue in coding education, where students could follow tutorials but struggled to create projects independently. To address this, they designed Boot.dev with three key focuses: a comprehensive curriculum, hands-on coding practice, and less reliance on videos.

However, they noticed a shift in the last 18 months towards what they call "vibe code hell," where students can build projects but lack a deep understanding of software development. This new challenge stems from over-reliance on AI tools for help, leading to a superficial grasp of coding concepts.

The author expresses concern about the potential demotivation among learners who might feel that AI knows everything, resulting in a decline in the pursuit of education and skills. They also discuss the limitations of AI in learning, highlighting two main issues: AI’s tendency to agree with users and provide balanced views instead of strong opinions, which can hinder learning.

Despite these concerns, the author believes AI can enhance learning if used correctly. They recommend that students avoid relying too heavily on AI tools for coding and instead engage in problem-solving independently. Real learning occurs when students face challenges and work through them, reinforcing their understanding of coding concepts.

Summary of Python 3.14 Performance Benchmarking

Python 3.14 was officially released on October 7, 2025, and the author compared its performance against previous versions and other programming languages. Key points from the benchmarks include:

1. General Performance Improvements: Python 3.14 shows a significant speed improvement over version 3.13, running about 27% faster in Fibonacci calculations.

2. Benchmarks: The tests included two main scripts—one for calculating Fibonacci numbers and another for sorting numbers using the bubble sort algorithm. Performance was measured across different Python versions (3.9 to 3.14), Pypy, Node.js, and Rust, using single-threaded and multi-threaded modes on different operating systems (Linux and macOS).

3. Free-threading and JIT Compilers: The free-threading interpreter (which removes the global interpreter lock) showed better performance for multi-threaded applications, being about 3 times faster than the standard interpreter in some tests. However, the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler did not yield significant speed improvements in the tests performed.

4. Pypy Performance: Pypy outperformed all CPython versions, being nearly five times faster than Python 3.14 in some tests, indicating its efficiency.

5. Multi-threading Results: In multi-threaded tests, the free-threading interpreter showed substantial benefits, especially for CPU-heavy tasks, while the JIT compiler did not demonstrate clear advantages.

6. Conclusion: Python 3.14 is the fastest of the CPython versions, and if users cannot upgrade, they should consider versions 3.11 or newer for better performance. The free-threading interpreter is recommended for CPU-heavy multi-threaded applications, while Pypy remains an excellent choice for speed.

Overall, these benchmarks provide insights into Python's evolving performance and highlight areas for potential improvement, especially regarding JIT compilation.

On September 25, 2025, the statichost.eu domain was incorrectly flagged by Google Safe Browsing as deceptive for about six hours. This caused users to see warnings or be blocked from accessing the site. The issue arose because several phishing sites were created using the statichost.eu platform, leading Google to classify the entire domain as dangerous.

The founder, Eric Selin, discovered the problem when users reported the site being unavailable. After investigating, he found that Google was blocking access due to security concerns. He received a list of the phishing sites, deleted them, and requested a review from Google. Fortunately, the block was lifted within a few hours.

Selin expresses concern about Google's significant power over the internet, arguing that their broad approach to safety can lead to false positives and unnecessary blocks. He emphasizes the importance of using personal judgment instead of solely relying on Google for online safety. To prevent future issues, statichost.eu will now use a different domain, statichost.page, which is being added to enhance security.

The author emphasizes that examples are the most helpful form of documentation for developers. They find that official documentation often lacks clear examples, making it difficult to understand concepts quickly. Many developers switch between different languages and frameworks, which can be mentally exhausting.

For instance, the author cites a complicated example from Python's documentation that requires understanding many technical terms. They argue that simple examples—like how to use the max function—are more useful for quick understanding.

The author points to clojuredocs.org as a great resource for examples in Clojure, which helps developers see practical applications of functions. They express frustration with typical software documentation, often finding it too technical and preferring tutorials that provide examples instead.

Summary:

Parquet is a great format for analytical workloads due to its columnar layout and efficient compression, but it struggles with deletes since it requires rewriting entire files. Systems like Apache Iceberg and Delta Lake address this by using metadata layers to track deletions. The text proposes a simpler approach using Amazon S3's conditional writes, which allow atomic operations without coordination.

In the proposed system, data is stored in immutable Parquet files, and deletions are handled using "tombstone" files that mark rows or row groups for filtering during reads. A manifest file keeps track of the current state of the table, allowing readers to access a consistent snapshot of data while ignoring uncommitted changes.

The process of writing new data or marking deletes is done through a series of steps that ensure data integrity, using a compare-and-swap method for managing concurrent writes. This design allows for constant-time deletes and efficient querying by leveraging Parquet's capabilities while maintaining low costs and minimizing the number of S3 requests.

The system is particularly suited for append-heavy workloads, such as event logs or time-series data, where occasional bulk deletes are needed. While it offers advantages over traditional databases and existing systems, it has limitations in scaling and operational complexity that would need to be addressed for larger applications. Overall, the approach is a creative exploration of using object storage for analytical data management.

The article discusses the concept of cellular automata, which are systems that use simple rules to create complex behaviors. These were first formalized by John von Neumann in 1948 and gained popularity through Conway's Game of Life.

Key points include:

1. Cellular Automata Basics: They can generate life-like patterns from simple rules. The Game of Life is the most famous example, where each cell on a grid can be either "alive" or "dead" based on the state of its neighbors.

2. Implementation Techniques: The article describes how to implement cellular automata using WebGPU, which allows for parallel processing on modern graphics cards. It involves using two grids (or buffers) to alternate between current and next generations of the automaton.

3. Various Types of Cellular Automata:

   • Life-like Cellular Automata: Variants of the Game of Life with slightly different rules that lead to interesting behaviors.
   • Larger-than-Life Cellular Automata: These use larger neighborhoods for neighbor counting and can have more complex birth and survival conditions.
   • Multiple Neighborhood Cellular Automata: Combine different neighborhoods with distinct rules, producing complex interactions.
   • Cyclic Cellular Automata: Allow cells to have multiple states, leading to stable, repeating structures.
   • Continuous Cellular Automata: Represent cell states as floating-point numbers, allowing for smooth transitions between states.

4. Implementation Steps: The article provides details on how to set up the grids, count neighbors, apply rules for each generation, and visualize the results.

5. Conclusion: The article emphasizes the potential of cellular automata to explore emergent complexity and biological processes through simple computational rules, especially using the capabilities of modern GPUs.

Overall, the article serves as a guide for implementing various cellular automata algorithms in a parallel computing environment, showcasing the rich behaviors that can emerge from simple rules.

Summary of "My First Contribution to Linux"

In this article, the author shares their experience contributing to the Linux kernel by fixing hotkey functionality on their old Fujitsu Lifebook S2110 laptop. Here are the key points:

1. Background: The author has been studying the Linux source code and decided to contribute by fixing hardware issues, specifically the hotkeys on their 20-year-old laptop.

2. Understanding Key Functionality: They explored how the laptop's special keys worked in Linux, discovering that some keys didn't trigger events in one mode, indicating a potential driver issue.

3. Driver Investigation: The author identified that the problem lay within the fujitsu-laptop driver by checking kernel logs and the loaded modules. They studied the driver code to understand how it handled key events.

4. Modifying the Driver: To support additional media keys, the author created a new keymap and added entries for the special keys. They ensured the new keymap corresponded to the key events and updated the device identification for their model.

5. Testing Changes: After modifying the driver, they built and tested the patched kernel, successfully getting the hotkeys to work.

6. Submitting the Patch: The author prepared their changes for submission to the kernel maintainers, following the proper procedures. They used git to manage their changes and sent the patch via email.

7. Outcome: The patch was accepted and included in the upstream Linux kernel, allowing others with the same laptop to benefit from the fix.

8. Conclusion: The author enjoyed the process of contributing to the kernel and found the experience rewarding. They expressed appreciation for the resources available to help new contributors navigate the process.

Overall, the article illustrates the journey of a first-time contributor to the Linux kernel, showcasing the steps from problem identification to successful submission of a code patch.

Summary: Static Bundle Object and Modernizing Static Linking

Eyal Itkin discusses the limitations of current static libraries, specifically the .a archives of object-code files, which can cause linking issues, especially when using tools like pkg-config or CMake. He proposed a new format called the Static Bundle Object (.sbo) and a new ELF type (ET_STAT) to address these problems.

After submitting his proposal to the ELF committee, the feedback was mixed. While the committee supported the idea of the new format, they rejected the introduction of the new ELF type, stating that the existing ET_REL type could accommodate the intended improvements. The committee emphasized that this was more of a tooling issue than a need for a standard change.

Key points of the proposal included:

1. Symbol Visibility: Allowing only official API functions to be exposed.
2. Finalized Relocations: Stripping local symbols that should not be exposed.
3. Compatibility: The new format could still be used within existing .a archives to ensure compatibility.

Despite not achieving a formal standard change, the committee acknowledged the need for improvements in static linking, and Itkin plans to implement his proposal in the GNU linker. The future of this effort depends on its adoption by the community and tool maintainers.

In 2022, David Guillot gave a talk at DjangoCon Europe about transforming a web app from React to HTMX, which reduced their code by nearly 70% and enhanced its capabilities. Many developers have since found that switching from single-page apps to multi-page hypermedia apps can significantly cut down on code and improve the user experience.

While preparing for a talk at FlaskCon 2025, the author struggled with using HTMX and AlpineJS together, leading to complex debugging and excessive code. They switched to Datastar, which simplified their code and improved performance by reducing the download size. Datastar's API is lighter and requires fewer attributes than HTMX, making it easier to manage.

Datastar focuses on server-driven updates, allowing developers to keep all logic centralized, unlike HTMX, which spreads logic across various layers. This shift simplifies the coding process and improves efficiency. The author highlights the advantages of thinking in terms of components and real-time updates, emphasizing how Datastar can update multiple components simultaneously with minimal effort.

The author appreciates Datastar's philosophy of leveraging web-native features like Server-Sent Events for real-time updates, reducing complexity without the need for custom JavaScript. They encourage developers to simplify their approaches and let the server handle the state. Datastar has allowed them to create more efficient and responsive applications, enabling exciting possibilities for web app development. Overall, they believe that Datastar enhances the joy of web development, similar to their experience with HTMX.

A recent study by the UK AI Security Institute and the Alan Turing Institute found that just 250 malicious documents can create a "backdoor" vulnerability in large language models (LLMs), regardless of the model's size or the amount of training data. This challenges the belief that attackers need a larger percentage of poisoned data for larger models.

In the study, researchers demonstrated a specific type of attack where the model generates gibberish when encountering a trigger phrase (e.g., <SUDO>). They trained models ranging from 600 million to 13 billion parameters and found that the effectiveness of poisoning was based on the absolute number of malicious documents, not their proportion to the total training data.

Key findings include:

• A fixed number of poisoned documents (e.g., 250) is sufficient to backdoor models across various sizes.
• Larger models do not require proportionally more poisoned data to be vulnerable.
• The study highlights the feasibility of data-poisoning attacks and emphasizes the need for better defenses against them.

While the research raises concerns about AI security, it also aims to motivate further investigations into potential defenses against these vulnerabilities.

Summary: Bringing Desktop Linux GUIs to Android

Recently, Android has started to support running full Linux graphical applications, moving beyond just mobile apps. This article discusses the progress in enabling Linux GUI applications on Android devices and the changes that make this possible.

Current State of Linux on Android:

• Google has a Linux Terminal app that allows users to run a Linux environment on Android, initially limited to text-based applications.
• Recent updates have begun to support GUI applications, but they are mostly slow because they are rendered by the CPU instead of the GPU.

Improvements on the Horizon:

• Google is integrating a technology called gfxstream, which allows graphical calls to be sent directly to the GPU instead of being processed by the CPU. This should significantly improve performance and efficiency for Linux GUI apps.

Early Experiments:

• Users with devices like the Pixel 6 can run GUI applications such as GIMP and LibreOffice, although performance is limited without GPU acceleration.
• Some tablets, like the Samsung Galaxy Tab S11, are also being tested for Linux GUI app support.

Challenges to Overcome:

• Technical problems still exist, such as hardware compatibility, stability issues, and the need for better resource management.
• Variability among devices manufactured by different companies can also affect functionality.

Future Prospects:

• If improvements are made, Android could soon support Linux GUI applications more robustly, allowing for greater productivity on mobile devices and possibly shifting Android towards a desktop-like experience.

What You Can Try:

• Interested users can experiment with this feature on compatible devices by enabling the Linux Terminal and attempting to run GUI apps, keeping in mind that bugs and performance issues are likely.

Conclusion: The evolution of Linux GUI support on Android is promising, moving towards smoother and more efficient application experiences. However, several technical hurdles need to be addressed before it becomes a stable feature in future Android updates.

You can create nice devices by hand using modeling clay instead of 3D printing.

No summary available.

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The text discusses an internship project focusing on automating proofs using Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers in conjunction with Lean, an interactive theorem prover. The main goal was to verify the frontend of the Jolt zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM), which converts bitvector programs into finite field statements for quicker verification.

Key points include:

1. SMT Solvers vs. Lean: SMT solvers can automate logical reasoning effectively but are limited compared to Lean, which requires user involvement for proof development. The project aimed to bridge the gap between SMT's automation and Lean's expressiveness.

2. Type Translation Challenges: Different types used in Lean do not always align with those in SMT solvers, making it difficult to automate proofs. The project focused on translating types (e.g., ZMod to BitVectors) effectively.

3. Project Outcomes: A tactic was developed to automate the translation process, significantly reducing the amount of code needed (saving over 6,800 lines and 320 hours of work). The tactic allowed for efficient resolution of queries related to Jolt's lookup tables.

4. Future Directions: The author hopes for a more general framework for type translation in Lean, which could simplify and speed up the process of writing code for similar projects in the future.

5. Reflections: The internship provided valuable insights into real-world applications of Lean and SMT solvers, highlighting the potential for quicker verification in software systems while emphasizing the need for further research and collaboration in this field.

Overall, the project showcased the potential for combining SMT solvers with Lean to automate complex proofs, paving the way for more efficient verification of software systems.

Researchers at Penn Medicine have found that psilocybin, a compound found in certain mushrooms, can help break the cycle of chronic pain and depression. Their study shows how psilocybin affects brain circuits to relieve these conditions.

No summary available.

Summary:

Cattle ranchers, like Dallas May in Colorado, are playing a crucial role in protecting grasslands, which are the most threatened ecosystems globally. After a devastating wildfire, May observed a resurgence of native grasses on his ranch, thanks to sustainable practices he has employed for years. These practices not only preserve habitats for wildlife, including migratory birds and endangered species, but also contribute to carbon storage and improved water quality.

Grasslands have lost over 60% of their original area, leading to a significant decline in bird populations. Ranching, when done sustainably, helps maintain these ecosystems by allowing natural vegetation to thrive. May runs fewer cattle than his land could support, which benefits both biodiversity and his ranch’s long-term health. He has also secured conservation easements, which prevent his land from being developed, providing him with tax benefits and ensuring the land remains dedicated to grassland.

Through partnerships with conservation organizations, May has found ways to generate income while prioritizing environmental health, such as participating in carbon credit programs and achieving "bird-friendly" certification for his beef. Despite challenges, such as recovery from the wildfire and financial pressures, May's commitment to sustainable ranching showcases the potential for agriculture to coexist with conservation efforts.

AMD has optimized ONNX models for generative AI, available on Hugging Face. These models work well with AMD Ryzen AI APUs and Radeon GPUs, especially the Radeon RX 9000 Series, which features advanced AI capabilities for improved performance.

Scribe OCR Summary

Scribe OCR is a free web application that helps recognize text from images, proofread OCR data, and create fully digital documents. Its main features include:

1. Creating Searchable PDFs: Scribe OCR can convert images into searchable PDF documents, making it an alternative to tools like Adobe Acrobat. It allows users to easily correct any text recognition errors.

2. Proofreading OCR Data: Users can edit and correct existing OCR data from other applications, making the proofreading process faster by accurately aligning text over the original images.

3. Digitizing Documents: Unlike other OCR tools, Scribe OCR produces true digital versions of documents that closely resemble the originals, creating smaller file sizes without losing formatting.

To use Scribe OCR, you can access it online at scribeocr.com, or run it locally by following specific commands. There is no desktop application available yet, but users can express interest in one.

Scribe OCR focuses on efficient proofreading by layering editable text over source images, highlighting errors for easy correction. It also generates custom fonts for each document to improve text alignment. The tool effectively combines accurate text recognition with faithful document representation while maintaining manageable file sizes. Documentation for users is available online, and feedback can be provided through GitHub.

Summary of Spock Multi-Master Replication for PostgreSQL

Overview: Spock is an extension that allows multi-master replication for PostgreSQL versions 15 and later. It requires specific setup and configuration to function properly.

Key Sections:

1. Requirements:

   • Install Spock on each cluster node.
   • Ensure tables have identical names, schemas, columns, primary keys, and data types across nodes.
   • Check constraints must be the same or more permissive on subscriber nodes.

2. Building Spock:

   • Build Spock on a modified PostgreSQL source.
   • Apply version-specific patches in the correct order.
   • Set up necessary configurations in the PostgreSQL files, including enabling the Spock extension.

3. Basic Configuration:

   • Initialize identical databases on all nodes.
   • Adjust PostgreSQL settings to support logical replication.
   • Ensure network connectivity between nodes.

4. Replication Setup:

   • Use spock.node_create to register nodes.
   • Create subscriptions between nodes to establish replication.
   • Verify replication by checking for replicated tables.

5. Deployment Options:

   • Spock can be deployed using Ansible or in containerized environments.

6. Upgrading:

   • Upgrades are irreversible; always back up your cluster before proceeding.
   • Upgrade Spock like any other PostgreSQL extension.

For detailed instructions and advanced features, users should refer to the full documentation.

No summary available.

Apple has significantly enhanced its Security Bounty program since its launch in 2020, now awarding over $35 million to more than 800 researchers. Key updates include:

1. Increased Rewards: The top reward has doubled to $2 million for complex exploit chains, with potential bonuses raising total payouts to over $5 million. Other rewards have also increased, such as $100,000 for complete Gatekeeper bypasses and $1 million for unauthorized iCloud access.

2. Expanded Categories: New categories now include rewards for one-click WebKit sandbox escapes (up to $300,000) and wireless proximity exploits (up to $1 million).

3. Target Flags: Researchers can now use a new system called Target Flags to demonstrate the severity of vulnerabilities, allowing for faster reward processing.

4. Focus on Real-World Threats: The program prioritizes verifiable exploits and complete exploit chains, as these are more relevant to actual security threats.

5. Additional Initiatives: Apple plans to distribute iPhone 17 devices with advanced security features to civil society organizations to help protect at-risk users from spyware.

These changes will take effect in November 2025, aiming to encourage more thorough research and improve security for over 2.35 billion active Apple devices.

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Summary of "Embracing the Parallel Coding Agent Lifestyle"

On October 5, 2025, the author reflects on the growing trend among engineers to use multiple coding agents like Claude Code and Codex CLI simultaneously. Initially skeptical, the author has started to appreciate the benefits of this approach, particularly for tasks that can be done in parallel without overwhelming their focus.

Key Points:

1. Research Tasks: Coding agents can efficiently handle research tasks, such as creating proof of concepts or answering technical questions, without altering the project.

2. Code Understanding: These agents can quickly provide detailed explanations of existing code, which helps in understanding complex systems.

3. Small Maintenance Tasks: Minor issues, like fixing deprecated warnings, can be delegated to coding agents, allowing the developer to stay focused on larger tasks.

4. Directed Work: Providing clear specifications for code tasks makes it easier to review the results, as the goals and approaches are already defined.

5. Current Tools: The author uses various coding agents and plans to refine their methods over time, including using tools like GitHub Codespaces for convenience.

6. Community Sharing: The author encourages others to share their experiences and patterns with coding agents, emphasizing that this technology is still evolving.

The author plans to continue exploring effective ways to utilize these tools and share insights with the community.

Hacker News is a website where users can share and discuss news articles and topics. It has different sections like new threads, past discussions, comments, questions, showcases, job postings, and a submission area for users to share content. To view the site properly, you need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

The text appears to be a list of topics related to essays, including examples, guides on how to write them, references, videos, and professional resources. It suggests that the content is focused on helping individuals understand and create essays more effectively.

This document provides a step-by-step guide for using the ESP32-WROOM-32 development board with Termux on an Android phone. Here are the key points:

Requirements

• An ESP32 development board (ESP32-WROOM-32 used in this guide)
• An OTG adapter
• A compatible USB-A cable (ensure it supports data transfer)
• A phone with Termux installed

Getting Started

1. Install TCPUART: This app creates a bridge between the Android Serial USB API and Termux, allowing communication with the ESP32.
2. Set Up TCPUART:
   • Set the baud rate to 115200.
   • Connect to the server using port 8080.

Termux Setup

1. Install necessary packages with the command:

   pkg install -y python esptool mpremote socat
   

2. Create a TCP bridge with:

   socat pty,link=$HOME/esp32,raw,echo=0 tcp:127.0.0.1:8080 &
   

Resetting the ESP32

1. Put the ESP32 in download mode by pressing the BOOT and RESET buttons in sequence.
2. Erase the flash memory using:

   esptool --chip esp32 --port $HOME/esp32 --before no-reset --after no-reset erase-flash
   

Flashing MicroPython Firmware

1. Download the MicroPython firmware and flash it with:

   curl -L https://micropython.org/resources/firmware/ESP32_GENERIC-20250911-v1.26.1.bin -o esp32-micropython.bin
   esptool --chip esp32 --port $HOME/esp32 --before no-reset --after no-reset write-flash -z 0x1000 esp32-micropython.bin
   

2. After flashing, reset the board again.

Next Steps

• To access the MicroPython REPL, use:

  mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 repl
  

• To run a simple LED blinking program, create a file named program.py and upload it to the ESP32.

Useful Commands

• List files: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs ls
• View a file: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs cat main.py
• Delete a file: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs rm unwanted.py

Conclusion

The guide notes challenges faced, such as compiling binaries for the specific phone architecture and issues with using Termux-API for UART communication. It suggests that there might be better solutions than using TCPUART for UART connections.

Summary of Open Source Supply Chain Compromises (2024/2025)

Key Points:

1. Memory Safety and Security: Ensuring memory safety is crucial for preventing security issues in software. Open source maintainers have a responsibility to mitigate supply chain compromises.

2. Types of Compromises: The survey focused on compromises that resulted from:

   • Phishing attacks (mainly targeting maintainers).
   • Control handoff, where maintainers unintentionally give access to attackers.
   • Vulnerabilities in GitHub Actions, particularly with the pull_request_target trigger.

3. Common Root Causes:

   • Phishing: Remains a primary method for attackers to gain access, even against accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA).
   • Control Handoffs: Many compromises occurred when maintainers transferred control or access inadvertently.
   • GitHub Actions Vulnerabilities: Certain features allow attackers to exploit workflows, particularly through shell injection in privileged contexts.

4. Mitigations Suggested:

   • Use Phishing-Resistant Authentication: Maintain strong security measures like passkeys.
   • Avoid Control Handoffs: Be cautious about granting access to others.
   • Limit Privileged Access: Avoid using risky GitHub Actions triggers that allow attacker-controlled data to execute privileged commands.

5. Other Considerations:

   • Long-lived credentials can be dangerous; they should be managed carefully.
   • Measures must be taken to prevent domain and username takeovers.
   • Implementing reproducible release artifacts can help identify backdoors in software.

6. Conclusion: Open source maintainers should adopt stricter security practices to protect their projects from common vulnerabilities, focusing on phishing resistance, proper access control, and safer coding practices in workflow automation.

This summary highlights the importance of security in open source software development and outlines actionable steps for maintainers to reduce risk.

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Summary: Using a Laptop as an HDMI Monitor for a Single Board Computer (SBC)

On October 9, 2025, a tech enthusiast discusses how to use a laptop as a monitor for single board computers (SBCs) like Raspberry Pi. Normally, they set up these devices without a monitor (headless mode), but sometimes direct access is needed for configuration and maintenance.

Instead of finding an external HDMI monitor, which can be cumbersome, they use HDMI to USB capture cards. These devices capture video from the SBC and display it on the laptop using various software applications like VLC, FFplay, or Cheese. For more advanced tasks, OBS can be used to stream or record the output.

While a USB keyboard is still needed for the SBC, the process is manageable as the keyboard can be shared with the laptop. If you often connect multiple machines, a KVM switch might be a good investment.

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The text discusses the challenges of error handling in programming and classifies exceptions into four categories:

1. Fatal Exceptions: These are severe errors that you cannot prevent or fix, like running out of memory. It's best not to catch these, as they indicate serious issues in the program.

2. Boneheaded Exceptions: These are mistakes in your own code that you should prevent rather than catch. Examples include null arguments or dividing by zero. Focus on writing code that avoids these errors.

3. Vexing Exceptions: These occur due to poor design decisions, where exceptions are thrown in normal situations. A common example is the Int32.Parse method, which fails when given invalid strings. Instead of throwing exceptions, use methods like TryParse to handle such cases more gracefully.

4. Exogenous Exceptions: These are caused by external factors beyond your control, such as a file being deleted by another process. You must catch these exceptions as they can happen unexpectedly.

In summary:

• Don't catch fatal exceptions.
• Fix your code to avoid boneheaded exceptions.
• Use safer alternatives for vexing exceptions and catch them if unavoidable.
• Always handle exogenous exceptions, as they can occur at any time.

Summary of NeuTTS Air

NeuTTS Air is a new, advanced text-to-speech (TTS) model created by Neuphonic, designed for on-device use. It enables realistic speech generation and instant voice cloning without needing web APIs. Here are the key points:

• Realistic Speech: Delivers human-like, natural-sounding voices.
• On-Device Optimized: Works on various devices, including phones and Raspberry Pis, using GGML format.
• Instant Voice Cloning: Can create a voice model from just 3 seconds of audio.
• Efficient Architecture: Built on a lightweight 0.5B language model, balancing speed, size, and quality.

Technical Details:

• Supported Language: English
• Audio Codec: NeuCodec for high-quality audio at low bitrates.
• Real-Time Performance: Generates speech instantly on mid-range devices.
• Power Efficient: Designed for mobile and embedded systems.

Getting Started:

1. Clone the repository and install dependencies, including espeak for speech synthesis.
2. Use the provided Python scripts to synthesize speech with sample text and audio.
3. Prepare reference audio files for cloning, ensuring they are high quality and clean.

Important Note: NeuTTS Air outputs are watermarked to ensure responsible use. Users should be cautious of unofficial sites claiming to be associated with Neuphonic.

Summary of "CPU Cache-Friendly Data Structures in Go"

This guide discusses how to enhance the performance of Go applications by optimizing data structures for CPU caches. Key points include:

1. Impact of Caches: Accessing data from RAM is significantly slower than accessing it from the CPU cache (60 times slower), making cache-friendly code vital for performance.

2. False Sharing: This occurs when multiple CPU cores modify separate variables that share the same cache line, leading to performance drops. Proper padding can prevent this issue and improve performance by 5-10 times.

3. Data-Oriented Design: Organizing data in ways that suit CPU cache architecture (like using structs of arrays instead of arrays of structs) can enhance performance significantly (up to 15 times).

4. Benchmarking: It's crucial to measure performance impacts using benchmarks, as cache effects can vary based on hardware.

5. Optimization Techniques:

   • Padding: Prevents false sharing.
   • Data Packing: Groups frequently accessed data together for better cache usage.
   • Prefetching: Helps the CPU prepare for future data access, improving efficiency.
   • Branch Prediction: Organizing code to make branches predictable can reduce execution time.

6. Real-World Examples: Optimizations led to substantial performance gains in various applications, like a 14.5x speedup in an analytics pipeline.

7. Security Considerations: Be cautious with memory alignment to avoid security issues such as timing attacks.

8. Testing Strategy: Use benchmarks and test on various CPU architectures to ensure optimizations are effective.

Conclusion

Optimizing data structures for CPU cache performance is essential for developing high-performance Go applications, particularly as memory access speeds lag behind CPU speeds. Always measure and adjust based on specific use cases and hardware.

Summary of Blaze: A High-Performance Search Engine

Blaze is a powerful full-text search engine built in Go, designed for efficient searching through text documents without relying on external services.

Key Features:

• Inverted Index: Quickly locates terms within documents.
• Skip Lists: Provides fast search, insert, and delete operations.
• Query Builder API: Type-safe and fluent for constructing complex queries (AND, OR, NOT).
• Advanced Search Options: Includes phrase search, ranking by BM25, and proximity queries.
• Text Processing: Offers tokenization, stemming, filtering of common words, and case normalization.
• Thread-Safe: Supports concurrent indexing.

Installation: Install via go get github.com/wizenheimer/blaze.

Core Concepts:

• Inverted Index is like a book index, allowing instant lookups of terms.
• Skip Lists allow for efficient data management, achieving O(log n) operations on average.
• Text Analysis Pipeline transforms raw text into searchable tokens through steps like tokenization and stemming.

Blaze is ideal for applications needing fast and reliable text search capabilities.

The author, Giovanni Garcia-Fenech, shares his experiences with his name as an immigrant in the U.S. and later Spain. Born in Mexico City with a complex name that includes both his father's and mother's surnames, he faced challenges when moving to America. At citizenship, he decided to simplify his name by dropping "Leonel," becoming Giovanni Garcia Fenech. However, bureaucratic processes still misrepresented his name on various documents, leading to confusion and errors.

When he moved to Spain with his wife, he found that Spanish bureaucracy was similar to the U.S., with its own set of challenges related to names. Despite attempts to obtain a Mexican passport using his full name, he faced roadblocks due to discrepancies between his American documents and his birth certificate. This led to frustrations as he navigated different systems that couldn't get his name right.

Ultimately, Giovanni reflects on the significance of names and identity, highlighting the complexities immigrants face in maintaining their cultural heritage while adapting to a new environment.

Summary of Figure 03 Introduction

On October 9, 2025, Figure announced the launch of Figure 03, their third-generation humanoid robot. This robot is designed to perform various human-like tasks and learn directly from people, with a focus on home use and commercial applications.

Key Features:

1. Advanced Design: Figure 03 has a completely redesigned sensory system and hand mechanics, improving its ability to navigate and manipulate objects in complex environments.

2. Home-Friendly: It includes soft materials for safety, a lighter design for easier movement, and advanced battery safety features. The robot can wirelessly charge itself and has a better audio system for communication.

3. Manufacturing Improvements: Figure 03 is engineered for mass production, allowing for lower costs and a more efficient supply chain. The new manufacturing facility, BotQ, aims to produce up to 100,000 robots over four years.

4. Commercial Applications: The robot can operate at higher speeds and perform precise tasks, making it suitable for various commercial uses. It can also be customized with specific designs for different environments.

In conclusion, Figure 03 marks a significant step toward deploying humanoid robots in everyday life and work, combining advanced technology with practical design for scalable use.

A developer has created a new tool that combines file exploration, whiteboarding, bookmarking, note-taking, and simple graphic design into one easy-to-use interface. The goal is to make these functions work together seamlessly, similar to how items on a physical desk coexist. The developer shared a 15-minute video explaining the current version and future plans for the product and is seeking feedback, particularly on the concept and user experience. The tool is available for testing online, and it is inspired by the "second brain" and personal knowledge management movements, as well as frustrations with existing tools.

In 2021, Bruce Dawson discovered a significant memory leak in Visual Studio Code (VS Code) that could use up to 64 GB of memory. This leak was hard to find because it didn't appear in Task Manager, and Bruce had never used VS Code himself.

While observing a coworker during a pair-programming session, he noticed unusually high process IDs, indicating a process-handle leak. Normally, process IDs are small numbers, but the ones he saw were in the millions, suggesting that many processes were not being closed properly. This led him to investigate further.

Bruce confirmed the leak by using Windows tools, identifying that the code wasn't closing process handles after opening them. A missing line of code was causing each instance of the process to leak memory. He reported the bug, which was fixed shortly after.

He emphasized the importance of monitoring handle usage in Task Manager to prevent such leaks and suggested that having automatic limits on resources could help detect similar issues during testing. Overall, the leak was traced back to a simple coding oversight that could have serious consequences for memory usage.

Researchers have developed a new nanotherapy using bioactive nanoparticles that can repair the brain's blood-brain barrier and remove toxic proteins, effectively reversing Alzheimer's symptoms in mice. This innovative approach differs from traditional treatments by focusing on restoring the blood-brain barrier instead of directly targeting brain cells.

In their study, scientists from the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and West China Hospital Sichuan University found that after just three doses of these nanoparticles, there was a rapid reduction of amyloid-β (Aβ), a harmful protein associated with Alzheimer's. In tests, mice treated with the nanoparticles showed significant improvements in behavior, similar to healthy mice.

The nanoparticles work by mimicking a natural protein that helps remove Aβ from the brain, which restores normal function and balance in the brain's vascular system. This breakthrough could lead to new therapies focused on improving vascular health to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

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On October 8, 2025, Mark Brittenham and Susan Hermiller published a paper that challenged a long-held belief in knot theory, specifically regarding the unknotting number.

Key concepts explained include:

• Mathematical knot: A loop of string in three-dimensional space.
• Knot projection: A two-dimensional drawing of a knot, showing which part is on top or bottom.
• Unknotting number: The minimum number of crossing changes needed to turn a knot into an unknotted loop (unknot).
• Connected sum: A method of combining two knots by cutting and joining them.

The conjecture they addressed claimed that for two knots J and K, the unknotting number of their connected sum (J#K) equals the sum of their individual unknotting numbers: u(J#K) = u(J) + u(K). However, Brittenham and Hermiller provided a counterexample, showing that the connected sum of a (2,7) torus knot and its mirror image has an unknotting number of 5, which is less than the expected sum of 6 (3 + 3).

To achieve an unknot from this connected sum, a different projection with more crossings is needed. The authors of the original paper left this as a challenge for readers. Dave Richeson took up this challenge and confirmed the claims by altering the knot projection to demonstrate that the result is indeed an unknotted loop.

First Brands, a company that makes car parts like spark plugs and wiper blades, has recently filed for bankruptcy, causing significant concern on Wall Street. The company, founded by Patrick James and originally known as Crowne Group, has accumulated a massive debt of between $10 billion and $50 billion while owning assets worth only $1 billion to $10 billion.

The company's financial troubles stem from its use of complex off-balance sheet financing, which involved borrowing against invoices to keep debts hidden from financial reports. This practice, while not uncommon, has raised alarms as it obscures the true financial state of the company. Investors are worried that First Brands' collapse may signal broader issues in the auto parts industry and the private debt market.

Concerns have also been heightened by the recent failure of another auto lender, Tricolor, which specialized in lending to low-income consumers. Experts believe that the precarious financial practices of these companies could lead to a wider crisis in the financial system, similar to past financial disasters. The lack of transparency in private debt markets increases the risk, as investors may not fully understand the extent of these companies' debts and liabilities.

Overall, the situation with First Brands highlights potential vulnerabilities in the financial markets, raising fears that its collapse could trigger a chain reaction affecting other businesses and financial institutions.

Kushal and Eli, co-founders of Extend, have created a toolkit to help AI teams work with complex documents like PDFs and images. They designed Extend to solve challenges that often confuse other document processing tools, like handling messy handwriting and large tables.

They launched APIs to help engineers parse and extract information from documents, and their solution has been successfully used by companies in various fields, including healthcare and banking. Extend focuses on three main areas: computer vision, context engineering for large language models, and product tools to enhance accuracy and efficiency.

Notably, they have built features to correct OCR errors and optimize prompts used in document processing. They found that there are many unique PDF formats that complicate processing.

Extend is currently live, and users can try it out without signing up. They welcome feedback on document processing experiences and suggestions for improvements.

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TO MD (Markdown Converter) Summary

TO MD is an online tool that converts various file formats into Markdown format, supporting over 20 types, such as Word documents, PDFs, Excel files, HTML, images, and audio. Users can easily upload files by dragging and dropping or pasting content, with a maximum of 20 files at a time.

Key Features:

• Cloud-Based: Fast, secure processing without data storage.
• Multiple Upload Methods: Drag and drop, click to upload, or paste content from the clipboard.
• Privacy: Files are not stored; they are deleted after processing.
• Batch Operations: Convert multiple files at once and merge them into one document if desired.
• Live Preview: See the Markdown output in real-time before downloading.

Who Uses TO MD?

• Content creators, developers, students, and business professionals use TO MD for converting documents for various platforms and purposes.

Safety and Accessibility:

• The tool is web-based, requiring no installation, and is compatible with all devices and browsers. It ensures data security through encrypted connections.

Conclusion: TO MD is a reliable and user-friendly option for anyone needing to convert documents into clean and structured Markdown quickly and securely. It is free to use, with no sign-up required.

The author discusses their Homelab setup and the reasons behind self-hosting various services. They emphasize the importance of privacy, control over personal data, and digital sovereignty. Self-hosting helps reduce surveillance by large tech companies and provides users with more control over their sensitive information, like calendars and contacts.

Key points include:

1. Privacy: Self-hosting can protect personal data from being accessed by big tech firms and governments.
2. Sensitive Data: Calendars and contacts reveal a lot about personal life, and it's crucial to manage who has access to this information.
3. Location Tracking: The author highlights concerns about location data being recorded without consent, advocating for personal control over such information.
4. Digital Sovereignty: The desire to control data and avoid reliance on large tech companies is a key motivation for self-hosting.
5. Self-hosting Recommendations: The author suggests various applications to self-host, including calendar and contact servers, mail servers, smart home systems, and RSS aggregators.

They also mention their own Homelab setup using mini servers and Kubernetes, and they plan to explore more self-hosted applications in the future.

Summary of "The Debugging Book" by Andreas Zeller

"The Debugging Book" focuses on automated software debugging, helping users find and fix software bugs more easily. It highlights recent advancements in techniques for locating errors and their causes automatically.

Key Features:

• Reading Options:

  • Read chapters online or download code.
  • Interact with chapters using Jupyter Notebooks for live coding experiences.
  • Present content as slides for lectures.

• Target Audience:

  • Ideal for students in software debugging, testing, and engineering courses, as well as software developers.

• Content Overview:

  • Covers various techniques such as fault localization, program slicing, and automated repair, with practical code examples.

• Updates:

  • The book is a work in progress, continually refined with new releases.

• Author's Background:

  • Written by Andreas Zeller, an expert in automated debugging and software analysis.

Usage and Access:

• Users can download code for personal projects.
• Alternatives to interactive notebooks are provided for those who may face issues with online services.
• The material is available under a Creative Commons license, allowing for adaptation and use in courses.

For more information, readers can visit the book's official website: The Debugging Book.

MacArthur Fellows are individuals recognized for their creative potential. They receive fellowships that come with no conditions, allowing them to pursue their work freely and inspire others.

Indonesia's film industry is increasingly using generative AI tools to create high-quality movies at lower costs, similar to Hollywood productions. As AI becomes more advanced, artists in Indonesia are employing tools like Sora, Runway, and ChatGPT to streamline their work, allowing them to produce ambitious films without the financial burden that typically accompanies such projects.

However, this shift comes with challenges, as many creative professionals, including storyboarders and visual effects artists, are losing their jobs due to AI's capabilities. Despite the job losses, industry experts believe that AI can enhance productivity and creativity, with filmmakers using it for tasks like scripting and storyboarding.

Indonesia's film market is rapidly growing, with local box office sales exceeding $400 million in 2023. Major companies like Netflix are investing in local content, further driving this growth. While AI is helping to cut costs and improve efficiency, some filmmakers express concerns about the quality and emotional depth of AI-generated content.

New roles related to AI are emerging, and educational institutions are adapting by offering courses in AI filmmaking. Despite the rapid advancements in AI, many professionals believe that human skills will remain valuable in the creative process.

Summary: Learning GPU Programming with a Compute-First Approach

1. Challenges for Beginners: Starting with GPU programming can be tough. Traditional CPU programming often begins with simple tasks like printing "Hello World," whereas GPU programming typically starts with complex tasks like rendering a triangle, requiring much more time and effort.

2. Shift in Focus: The field is moving away from graphics-centric programming. Instead, there is a growing emphasis on compute shaders, which are used for more interesting and practical applications beyond just rendering graphics.

3. Teaching Strategy: It’s suggested that beginners should learn GPU programming with a focus on compute shaders first, using tools like debuggers and profilers. This allows for a better understanding of how GPUs work before diving into more complex graphics rendering.

4. Recommended Tools: Vulkan is proposed as the ideal API for beginners due to its focus on compute. A mid-level API abstraction, like the author’s Granite, can help ease new learners into the Vulkan environment without overwhelming them.

5. Importance of Debugging: Early exposure to debugging tools, such as RenderDoc, is crucial for effective learning. Understanding how to visualize and debug GPU code can significantly enhance the learning experience.

6. Shading Languages: Vulkan GLSL is recommended as the starting shading language due to its documentation and features that support compute workloads. While HLSL is also popular, it may not be as strong for compute tasks.

7. Gradual Learning Path: The blog outlines a step-by-step approach, starting from simple programs and gradually introducing more complex concepts like synchronization, memory management, and the graphics pipeline.

8. Future Learning: After mastering compute shaders, learners should explore advanced topics like atomics, texture sampling, and eventually, graphics rendering techniques. The goal is to build a solid foundation that leads to understanding and utilizing the graphics pipeline effectively.

This approach aims to simplify the learning process for new GPU programmers by focusing on practical compute applications before diving into the complexities of graphics programming.

The author, David, shares a frustrating experience with Deutsche Bahn, Germany's state-owned railway company, highlighting how they use "dark patterns" in their subscription sales process. Dark patterns are design tactics that trick consumers into making purchases they don’t truly want.

David criticizes Deutsche Bahn for not clearly advertising the costs or subscription nature of their BahnCard, which is a discount card for train travel. He points out that while other companies like Adobe and Deutsche Telekom clearly label their subscription prices, Deutsche Bahn obscures this information. For instance, while they offer a BahnCard 50 for a discounted price, they fail to mention that it is a recurring subscription costing 492€ annually, instead focusing on the initial sale price.

The author describes the confusing layout of the purchasing process and the lack of transparency about cancellation policies. After purchasing the BahnCard, he learned that he had unknowingly signed up for a subscription and faced difficulties canceling it. He highlights the poor customer service experience and how the company is unresponsive to complaints.

Ultimately, David expresses disappointment in Deutsche Bahn's practices, feeling cheated by a company that is state-owned and thus represents the government. He believes that such deceptive practices discourage people from using public transport, which is detrimental to both consumers and the environment. The post serves as both a personal account and a broader commentary on consumer rights and corporate responsibility.

The author shares their experience with using LLMs (Large Language Models) for coding and identifies two main issues:

1. Code Handling: LLMs don't use traditional copy-paste methods when refactoring code. Instead, they "remember" code and recreate it, which can feel awkward. This is different from how humans typically work, as we rely on copy-pasting to ensure accuracy.

2. Problem-Solving Approach: LLMs struggle to ask questions and often make assumptions without clarification. Unlike human developers who seek information and ask questions, LLMs tend to keep trying solutions until they fail, which can lead to inefficient problem-solving.

Overall, the author believes that LLMs are not ready to replace human developers yet; they liken them to inexperienced interns who lack the intuitive understanding that comes with human experience.

On October 9, 2025, André Arko responded to a concerning security incident involving RubyGems.org, where Ruby Central made exaggerated claims against him. Arko clarified that he had securely managed RubyGems.org for over ten years and that Ruby Central acknowledged they had no evidence of any wrongdoing on his part.

During a chaotic period when team permissions were repeatedly revoked and restored, Arko acted to protect RubyGems.org from potential threats, fearing unauthorized access. Despite his efforts, Ruby Central failed to secure their AWS account, leaving Arko with access that should have been revoked. He promptly informed Ruby Central about this issue, but their response was delayed and focused on unfounded suspicions about him accessing personal information.

Arko maintained that he had not misused his access and aimed to secure the service. However, Ruby Central's attorney accused him of hacking, despite Arko's actions being in defense of the organization he was contracted to support. He concluded by questioning Ruby Central's commitment to transparency and security in managing RubyGems infrastructure.

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Thousands of hoverflies have been observed landing on North Sea oil rigs, staying for a few hours, and then flying away. This phenomenon was first noticed by engineer Craig Hannah, who collected samples and shared them with researchers at the University of Exeter.

Hoverflies are important pollinators, second only to bees, and can travel long distances, sometimes migrating from southern Spain to northern regions. Researchers found that these flies can carry pollen from up to 500 kilometers away. They play a crucial role in pollination by feeding on various plants.

The study revealed that the hoverflies were carrying pollen from over 100 different plant species, indicating their effectiveness as pollinators. However, it's unclear if the pollen remains viable after traveling long distances. Future research aims to improve the collection and storage of these flies to learn more about their migration and pollen-carrying capabilities.

The collaboration between researchers and the public has been beneficial, and the team welcomes further reports of unusual insect behavior.

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2025 has been awarded to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai. He received the prize for his powerful and visionary work that highlights the strength of art even in times of great fear and uncertainty.

Summary of Lavandula

Lavandula is a simple and fast C web framework for building modern web applications. It is designed to be lightweight and efficient, providing essential features without the extra weight of larger frameworks.

Key Features:

• Easy routing and controller system.
• Supports various HTTP methods (e.g., GET, POST).
• Middleware support for handling requests.
• Minimal dependencies, purely in C.
• Quick project setup through a command-line interface (CLI).
• Built-in unit testing and logging.
• SQLite support and a JSON library.

Current Development:

• Working on features like JSON body parsing, session cookies, CORS configuration, and an HTML templating engine.

Future Plans:

• Adding rate limiting, static file serving, and integrations with other databases.
• Potential enhancements like dependency injection and improved endpoint management.

Getting Started:

1. Clone the repository with: git clone https://github.com/ashtonjamesd/lavandula.git
2. Run the installation script: ./install.sh
3. To create a new project: lavu new my-project
4. Run your project with: lavu run, which will be accessible at http://localhost:3000/.

Contribution: Contributions are welcome, and users can report issues or suggest features. The framework is licensed under the MIT License.

For more information, visit the GitHub page.

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Dr. Terry Wagner, a family doctor in Hudson, Ohio, is experiencing significant financial challenges due to a practice called "downcoding" by insurance companies, including Aetna. Downcoding occurs when insurers automatically classify higher-level medical claims as lower ones, resulting in reduced payments without reviewing the actual services provided. For instance, a visit that should earn $170 is paid as if it were worth only $125, leading to substantial losses for small practices like Wagner's.

Many doctors across the country are facing similar issues, with some losing thousands of dollars as insurers increasingly rely on algorithms and third-party vendors to cut costs. This trend is causing doctors to either see more patients in less time, potentially compromising care, or to consider dropping certain insurance plans or closing their practices altogether.

The American Medical Association (AMA) criticizes downcoding as financially motivated at the expense of patient care, arguing that it lacks clinical justification. While some states have attempted to legislate against downcoding, many efforts have stalled. Doctors feel overwhelmed by the appeals process needed to challenge downcoding decisions, and many report a lack of support from insurers, making it difficult to resolve the issue.

Overall, the rise of downcoding is contributing to a crisis for small medical practices, pushing some doctors to contemplate selling their businesses due to financial strain.

Dochia Overview

Dochia is a tool designed to help developers by automatically creating and running tests for APIs. It focuses on negative and boundary testing, which means it checks how APIs handle unusual or incorrect inputs. This allows developers to spend less time on repetitive testing and more time on building features.

Key Features:

• Easy Setup: Just point Dochia to your API specification and start testing.
• Smart Testing: It uses over 120 preset scenarios to create realistic test cases.
• Issue Detection: Finds hidden problems, edge cases, and invalid inputs.
• Clear Reporting: Provides actionable reports that highlight specific fixes.
• Replay Mode: Allows you to revisit and analyze previous test scenarios.
• OpenAPI Support: Automatically understands your API structure.

Why Use Dochia?

• Reduces the time spent on manual testing by 80%.
• Addresses edge cases that traditional testing often misses, preventing costly errors later.
• Frees up time for more creative problem-solving.

Availability: Dochia is open-source and free to use, with a Pro version coming soon that will have extra features.

Getting Started: You can install Dochia using Homebrew, Curl, Docker, or by downloading it manually. Basic usage involves running tests against your API based on its specification.

How It Works:

1. Reads the API specifications.
2. Generates thousands of test cases, including various edge cases.
3. Identifies vulnerabilities and issues through intelligent analysis.

Documentation and Contributions: Full documentation is available online, and contributions to the project are welcome.

In summary, Dochia automates the tough parts of API testing, allowing developers to focus on creating great products while ensuring their APIs can handle unexpected scenarios.

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Summary:

This blog post is the first in a series about creating a low latency 10G Ethernet core for FPGA. The author is working on this project to improve their skills in low latency design and high-speed Ethernet, achieving a loopback latency of under 60 nanoseconds, similar to commercial products.

Key points include:

• The use of cocotb and pyuvm for testing and verification.
• Methods to decrease packet processing latency.
• Analysis of existing low and ultra-low latency Ethernet cores.
• Results of latency measurements and comparisons.
• Discussion of techniques that were not used in the design.

For those new to Ethernet technology, recommended resources are provided.

The next post will cover the design overview and verification processes.

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The text discusses a data structure concept called a "zipper," which is used in functional programming to efficiently manage updates to data structures like trees. Key points include:

1. Zipper Concept: A zipper is not a single data structure but a technique for efficiently working with data structures, allowing for quick updates around a focal point.

2. Functional vs. Imperative Languages: In imperative languages, you can update data structures in place, while in functional languages, you must create a new copy for any changes, which can be slow due to the need for copying.

3. Focus Point: Zippers leverage a focus point (like a cursor in a text editor) where changes occur, making operations around this point efficient.

4. Tree Representation: In a zipper, a tree is split around a focus, allowing easy navigation and modifications without needing to copy the entire structure. You keep track of the context around the focus.

5. Efficiency of Changes: Operations such as inserting or moving nodes can be done quickly by reusing parts of the structure, minimizing memory usage.

6. Complexity: While zippers simplify many operations, maintaining balance in trees (necessary for performance) can complicate the implementation. Options like immediate rebalancing or marking changes (scarring) can be used, but they add complexity to the code.

In summary, zippers are a powerful method for efficiently managing data structure updates in functional programming, though they can become complex when balancing trees.

Discord, a messaging platform popular among gamers, announced that official ID photos of about 70,000 users may have been leaked due to a cyber-attack on a third-party company that verifies user ages. While Discord itself was not breached, the leaked data might include personal information, partial credit card details, and messages with customer service, but not full credit card details or passwords. Discord has contacted affected users and is cooperating with law enforcement. They have cut off access to the targeted customer support provider, which was not Zendesk, despite claims otherwise. Discord disputes online claims suggesting a larger breach, calling them attempts at extortion. The company emphasizes that it will not reward those responsible for the attack.

The article discusses efforts to recover valuable historical information stored on old floppy disks, particularly focusing on materials from physicist Stephen Hawking's office at Cambridge University Library. These disks contain writings, lectures, and even games, presenting a unique challenge for archivists.

Old floppy disks, popular from the 1970s to the 1990s, can degrade over time, risking the loss of their data. Unlike traditional manuscripts, accessing floppy disks requires specific outdated hardware and knowledge about the systems they were formatted on. This has led to concerns about a potential "digital dark age," where records from the recent past may become inaccessible.

The Future Nostalgia project at Cambridge aims to recover and preserve this digital information before it deteriorates further. Archivists like Leontien Talboom are working to find and restore the necessary equipment to read these disks, while also involving the public in the process through workshops. The initiative highlights the importance of preserving digital history for future generations, as even seemingly mundane documents may provide valuable insights into the past.

Summary of Vite+

Vite+ is a comprehensive tool designed for growing teams who want to simplify their JavaScript development process. It combines everything you love about Vite with enhanced features to streamline your workflow.

Key Features:

• Compatibility: Works with various runtimes like Node, Bun, and Deno, and supports popular frameworks.
• Performance: Offers significantly faster builds—up to 40 times quicker than Webpack and 100 times faster linting than ESLint—thanks to components written in Rust.
• Unified Tooling: Integrates development, testing, linting, formatting, and running tasks into one command-line interface, making it easy to manage.
• Testing Made Easy: Includes a feature-rich test runner compatible with Jest, allowing for effective isolation and coverage reports.
• Linting and Formatting: Catches bugs before production and enforces consistent code styles with high-speed performance.
• Advanced Tools: Provides a user-friendly GUI for debugging and analyzing builds, as well as efficient library bundling.

Deployment Flexibility: Vite+ supports various deployment platforms and can be used for single-page applications or full-stack frameworks.

Licensing: Vite+ offers a free tier for small businesses and open-source projects, with options for paid plans for larger teams.

Overall, Vite+ aims to enhance team productivity by reducing the time spent on tooling and maintenance, allowing developers to focus on shipping projects efficiently.

AmigaMidiRecieve Overview

AmigaMidiRecieve is a tool that allows you to transfer files from any operating system to an Amiga computer using MIDI cables. It is simple to use with a drag-and-drop interface.

Key Points:

• Transfer Speed: The method is slow, adhering to old MIDI standards of 31,250 bits per second, making it slower than modern transfer methods. For example, transferring a 1.6 MB file takes about 9 minutes.

• Use Case: This tool is useful if you want to send files to your Amiga without using floppy disks or other connections.

• Disclaimer: This software is experimental and can overwrite files in the Amiga's RAM without warning. It's intended for fun and is faster than using floppy disks for small files.

• Requirements:

  • The Amiga needs at least 2 MB of RAM.
  • You need a MIDI interface to connect your Amiga and your PC.
  • You will need to set up the software on both the Amiga and the PC, including installing Python and some libraries.

• How to Use:

  1. Prepare the Amiga by ensuring it has the required software and enough RAM.
  2. Start the MidiRecieveToRam.exe on the Amiga.
  3. On your PC, use the Python script to send files via MIDI.
  4. Monitor the transfer progress on the Amiga.

• Additional Info: The software was developed by S.I. Hartmann and is based on previous work by Claude Heiland-Allen. It has only been tested on real Amiga hardware.

• Quick Start Links: Find necessary files and scripts online to get started with the transfer process.

Enjoy the retro experience of transferring files like it's 1994!

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n8n has successfully raised $180 million in Series C funding, increasing its total funding to $240 million and its valuation to $2.5 billion. The funding round was led by Accel, with contributions from various corporate investors and previous backers.

The company emphasizes that the AI race is not just about advanced models, but also about effectively implementing AI in businesses. There are two main approaches to AI agents: one relies entirely on AI with unpredictable results, while the other uses strict rules, which can be cumbersome for users. n8n aims to find a middle ground, allowing users to choose the right balance between AI autonomy and rule-based control.

To successfully deploy AI, n8n focuses on two key elements: orchestration (connecting AI agents to tools and data with human oversight) and coordination (bringing together business users and developers for real-time collaboration). This combined approach helps overcome common challenges in getting AI solutions into production.

Since its launch in 2019, n8n has evolved into a platform that fosters collaboration and allows for flexible AI deployment. The company has seen significant growth and aims to enhance its integrations and user experience. The goal is for n8n to become the default platform for building and deploying AI solutions, similar to how Excel is widely used today.

The company is also looking to support its community through education and partnerships, as it continues to grow and innovate.

Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her dedicated efforts to promote democratic rights. The prize committee praised her as a key figure in supporting democracy amid increasing challenges. Machado expressed her shock at the news, especially since she has been in hiding since August 2024 due to threats from the government of President Nicolás Maduro, who barred her from participating in last year's elections, which were deemed unfair. Despite the risks, she has remained in Venezuela and continues to rally support for her chosen candidate. The decision to award her the prize came amidst significant public interest, including a campaign by Donald Trump, but the committee stated their choice was based solely on Machado's work.

The Lore Engine Summary

The Lore Engine is a tool designed to simplify the process of extracting and organizing educational content from various sources like PDFs, videos, and handwritten notes.

Key Features:

• Transform Content: It converts complex lecture materials into clear, detailed markdown notes.
• Comprehensive Outputs: Users receive organized notes with explanations, screenshots, and diagrams.
• Fast Processing: It can process long videos quickly, turning hours of lecture viewing into just a couple of hours of reading.

How It Works:

• Input Sources: Users can upload PDFs, video files, and transcripts.
• Smart Features: It includes automatic screenshot capture, flowchart generation, and context-aware explanations to fill in gaps in understanding.
• Performance: It processes content efficiently, using parallel processing for faster results and keeping memory usage low.

Getting Started:

1. Install Dependencies: Set up the tool using either uv or pip.
2. Get an API Key: Obtain a free API key from Google AI Studio.
3. Run the Tool: Use interactive mode or batch processing to generate notes from your materials.

Additional Information:

• The tool supports multiple languages and respects educational fair use policies.
• Future enhancements may include local LLM support and a graphical user interface.

The Lore Engine aims to turn challenging educational content into accessible, well-structured notes, making studying easier and more efficient.

Qualcomm has acquired Arduino, but the company will keep its brand and mission intact. Arduino continues to focus on its core values of making technology accessible for everyone. The acquisition aims to enhance Arduino's capabilities, particularly in artificial intelligence and signal processing. The new Arduino Uno Q model will be able to run AI code and operate systems like Linux and Zephyr OS, making it easier for inexperienced programmers to use.

Summary of the Discovery of a Bug in Go's arm64 Compiler

Cloudflare manages a massive volume of HTTP requests, which helps expose rare bugs. Recently, they discovered a bug in Go's arm64 compiler that caused a race condition in the generated code.

Key Events:

1. Initial Panic: Cloudflare's monitoring system detected rare panics on arm64 machines related to stack unwinding errors. Initially considered rare stack memory corruption, it became a priority after the issue persisted.

2. Increased Fatal Panics: After implementing a temporary fix by avoiding panic/recover for error handling, fatal panics temporarily decreased but later surged again, prompting deeper investigation.

3. Identifying Patterns: The crashes were linked to stack unwinding errors during garbage collection and preemption when accessing invalid memory or during fatal errors.

4. The Role of Netlink Library: Investigation revealed that all segmentation faults occurred while calling a function in the Netlink library. The crashes were related to async preemption in Go’s runtime, which could occur during stack pointer adjustments.

5. Root Cause Analysis: It was found that a race condition occurred when the Go compiler split stack pointer adjustments into two instructions. If the runtime was preempted between these two adjustments, it led to stack corruption and crashes during unwinding.

6. Solution: The bug was reported and fixed in subsequent Go versions. The fix involved ensuring that stack pointer modifications are made in a single, indivisible instruction, preventing preemption during this critical operation.

This incident highlighted the complexities of debugging at scale and the importance of understanding both compiler behavior and runtime operations in Go. Cloudflare's engineering team is actively seeking individuals interested in such technical challenges.

In this article, you'll learn how to create a simple app called “Bluno Blink Controller” for Android and iOS that controls a Bluno BLE device. The app allows users to select a number on a slider, which corresponds to how many times an LED on the Bluno device will blink.

Key technologies used include:

• Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP): Enables sharing of core application logic across both Android and iOS platforms, reducing duplication and errors.
• Compose Multiplatform: Used for building a user-friendly interface from a single codebase.
• Kable: A library that simplifies Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication.

Overview of the Project

1. Architecture: The app consists of a shared core that handles business logic, a UI built using Compose, and Kable for Bluetooth communication.
2. Bluno Device: The Bluno is an Arduino-compatible board equipped with BLE, allowing wireless communication with smartphones.

Key Features

• User Interface: The app has a connection button, status indicators, and a slider for blink count.
• BLE Communication: The app scans for the Bluno device, connects to it, and sends data using Kable.

Core Steps

1. Set Up Project: Use a standard Kotlin Multiplatform structure, configuring dependencies for UI and BLE communication.
2. UI and State Management: The UI captures user input and sends it to the Bluno device.
3. Data Transfer: The app sends the selected blink count to the Bluno and waits for a confirmation signal that the LED has blinked.

Platform Specifics

• Android: Requires handling permissions and enabling Bluetooth and location services.
• iOS: Handles permissions automatically with less boilerplate code compared to Android.

Challenges and Improvements

• Real-world IoT applications can be unreliable due to connection drops and device power issues. The app currently does not handle unexpected disconnections well and can get stuck waiting for a response. Implementing timeouts and error handling would enhance user experience.

By following this guide, you will understand the essentials of building a simple IoT app using Kotlin Multiplatform, enabling you to create efficient and cross-platform applications. The full source code is available on GitHub for reference.

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