The article discusses the <output> tag in HTML, highlighting its benefits and uses. The <output> tag is designed to display the result of a calculation or user action in web forms. It can improve the user experience by making it clear what the output is, especially in interactive applications. The author emphasizes that this tag is often overlooked but can enhance web development by providing better structure and functionality.

No summary available.

The World Trade Center was built between 1966 and 1979, starting with the vision of David Rockefeller to revitalize a struggling part of New York City. The project aimed to create a trade facility and uplift the area known as a "commercial slum." After much debate between New Jersey and New York, the site was chosen in Lower Manhattan, where architect Minoru Yamasaki's firm designed the iconic Twin Towers.

Construction began in 1965, with groundbreaking on August 5, 1966. The towers were completed in 1970 and 1972, providing over 10 million square feet of office space, retail areas, and a transportation hub. The construction was complex and involved innovative techniques, including the use of slurry walls.

The towers faced criticism for their design, but they became significant landmarks, housing thousands of workers and visitors. Tragically, the construction process resulted in the deaths of 60 workers. The World Trade Center was attacked in 1993 and again on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes into the buildings, leading to their collapse. The site holds a profound place in American history and memory.

Summary of "Superpowers: How I'm using coding agents in October 2025"

In October 2025, the author discusses advancements in using coding agents, specifically Claude, which has recently introduced a plugin system. This new feature allows users to enhance Claude's capabilities by adding "skills" that give it "Superpowers."

Key points include:

1. New Plugin System: Users can install the Superpowers plugin to enable Claude to better assist in coding tasks.

2. Skills: Skills are functionalities that enhance Claude's abilities. They allow Claude to follow a structured workflow: brainstorming, planning, and implementation without needing constant user prompts. Claude can now manage tasks and even create worktrees for projects automatically.

3. Testing Skills: The author emphasizes the importance of testing skills using subagents to ensure they are effective and comprehensible. This includes real-world scenarios to pressure-test how well Claude can use its skills under stress.

4. Persuasion Techniques: The author notes that skills incorporate principles of persuasion, making Claude more reliable. For example, it uses authority and commitment to ensure tasks are completed effectively.

5. Future Improvements: The author plans to enhance Superpowers by enabling skill sharing among users and giving Claude access to memories of past conversations, which can help it learn from previous interactions.

Overall, the author is excited about the potential of these new features and encourages others to experiment with them to improve their coding processes.

The text discusses "Strictly Necessary Cookies," which are essential for the website to work properly. These cookies help with security, prevent fraud, and enable purchases. While you can block these cookies in your browser, doing so might cause some parts of the site to not work correctly.

Summary of the Windows Subsystem for FreeBSD (WSFB)

The Windows Subsystem for FreeBSD (WSFB) is an experimental project that allows FreeBSD to run on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) with little to no changes to the FreeBSD system. The main goals are to make FreeBSD work natively on WSL2, keep modifications minimal, and contribute improvements to open-source components.

Current Status:

• The project is still in progress and is experimental.
• FreeBSD can now boot in WSL2, and basic features are functional.
• Ongoing work includes enhancing networking, input/output, and process management.

Future Plans:

• Complete console support for command execution.
• Improve networking capabilities.
• Develop user-mode utilities and provide documentation and examples.

How to Contribute: Contributions are encouraged, including feedback, bug reports, and ideas. Interested individuals can start discussions or report issues.

License: The project will be released under an open-source license (to be determined).

Disclaimer: This is a personal project and is not officially linked to Microsoft or the FreeBSD community. Use it at your own risk.

No summary available.

Firefox is an open-source web browser known for its privacy features and strong extension support on mobile devices, similar to its desktop version.

Key Features:

• Browser Extensions: Firefox on Android allows users to install powerful extensions that enhance the browsing experience, especially on mobile where screen space and resources are limited.
• Ad Blocking: The Ublock extension is recommended for blocking ads and other distractions like pop-ups and banners, improving the browsing experience significantly.
• Content Accessibility: Extensions like LibRedirect improve how articles are displayed, removing annoying pop-ups and clutter, especially on sites like Medium and Twitter.
• Functionality Enhancements: Other helpful extensions include "Don’t fuck with paste" to allow pasting text on restrictive sites, "Video background play fix" for playing audio in the background, and "Web Archives" to find archived versions of web pages.
• Time Management: Lechblock helps users manage their time online by blocking distracting websites and setting time limits.
• Syncing and Customization: Firefox allows easy syncing of bookmarks, tabs, and passwords between mobile and desktop. Users can also customize their homepage to display only what they want, removing unwanted content like sponsored links.

Overall, Firefox is a robust choice for users seeking a private and customizable browsing experience, particularly on mobile devices.

No summary available.

Summary: A Quiet Change to RSA

The RSA public key system uses a pair of numbers (e, n), where n is the product of two large prime numbers (p and q). Traditionally, the private key (d) was calculated from the public key (e), but now e is usually set to 65537, simplifying the public key to just n.

Originally, the private key was determined using Euler's totient function (φ(n)), which requires knowing p and q. The relationship was given by the equation ed ≡ 1 (mod φ(n)). Over time, this changed to using Carmichael's totient function (λ(n)), which is smaller than φ(n) and leads to faster decryption.

The switch to Carmichael’s function allows for smaller private keys, which theoretically increases efficiency. However, experiments show that the actual efficiency gains are minimal since the reduction factor (gcd of (p-1) and (q-1)) tends to be small, usually around 2 or 4. For better efficiency in RSA, using Garner’s algorithm is recommended.

This text explains how cookies and data are used on a website and the choices users have regarding their privacy preferences. Here are the key points:

1. Strictly Necessary Cookies: These are essential for the website to work and can't be disabled. They help with functions like logging in and setting privacy preferences.

2. Functional Cookies: These enhance the website's functionality and personalization. If not allowed, some features may not work properly.

3. Advertising Cookies: Users can opt to allow advertising from third-party services like Google or Facebook. This may involve sharing data about user behavior on the website.

4. Statistics and Analysis: Enabling this helps track website visitors and how they use the site, contributing to its optimization and performance.

5. Personalization: This allows the website to tailor the user experience by remembering preferences like language and saved usernames.

6. Data Storage and Access: Cookies and identifiers can be stored on devices for recognizing users and providing personalized content and ads.

7. Profile Creation: User activity can be used to build profiles for targeted advertising and content delivery based on interests.

8. Performance Measurement: Information about ad and content interaction helps assess their effectiveness.

9. Security and Fraud Prevention: Data is used to detect and prevent unusual or fraudulent activities on the site.

10. User Control: Users have the ability to manage their privacy choices regarding data usage and advertising preferences.

Overall, the text emphasizes the importance of user consent and privacy in data handling on the website.

Summary of Pebble Appstore Update:

• Production Updates:

  • 2,960 white Pebble 2 Duos were produced in September and will be shipped soon. Production of black Pebble 2 Duos started late in September but faced delays due to holidays.
  • The Pebble Time 2 has a new feature allowing older apps and watchfaces to fit the larger screen. The production schedule is behind, with mass production expected to start around December 26, 2023.

• Reintroducing the Pebble Appstore:

  • The Pebble Appstore, which hosts thousands of apps and watchfaces created by the community, is now live again at apps.rePebble.com, thanks to a partnership with Rebble.
  • Users can access both old favorites and new apps developed since 2016. Some older apps may not work due to outdated settings.

• Features of the New Appstore:

  • The updated appstore retains its original feel with improvements like social sharing options and app recommendations.
  • There are plans for additional features, including app emulators, better discovery tools, and warnings for broken apps.

• Developer Support:

  • Efforts are underway to make app development easier, including updates to the SDK and the introduction of a browser-based app building tool.
  • Developers are encouraged to create and upgrade apps for the new Pebble Time 2 display.

• New Mobile App Sneak Peek:

  • A new mobile app for iPhone and Android is in development and available for testing at rePebble.com/app.

Overall, the Pebble community is revitalizing the app ecosystem with new tools and support for developers and users alike.

Summary of "Building a JavaScript Runtime from Scratch using C: The Jade Runtime"

This tutorial guides you through creating a minimal JavaScript (JS) runtime called Jade, using C programming with the JavaScriptCore and libuv libraries. It helps developers understand how JS runtimes operate, particularly how they connect JavaScript to system functions, manage events, and expose native APIs.

Key Points:

1. Prerequisites:

   • For Linux: Install necessary packages like libwebkit2gtk-4.0-dev and libuv1-dev.
   • For macOS: Use Homebrew to install required dependencies.

2. Project Setup:

   • Organize your project files into directories for source code, headers, and examples.
   • Use CMake to configure the build settings.

3. Architecture Overview:

   • The runtime consists of three main components:
     • JavaScript Engine (JSC): Executes JS code.
     • Event Loop (libuv): Manages asynchronous operations.
     • System APIs: Bridges JS with native system functions.

4. Key Features:

   • Single-threaded event loop.
   • Automatic garbage collection for JS objects.
   • Native functions accessible from JS.

5. Implementation Details:

   • The code includes functions for creating JS contexts, executing scripts, and managing timers.
   • System APIs, like console logging and timeout features, are exposed to JavaScript.

6. Main Execution Flow:

   • The main function reads a JS script file, initializes the runtime, executes the script, and runs the event loop.

7. Running the Runtime:

   • Build the project and execute sample JS scripts to see the runtime in action.

8. Future Improvements:

   • Enhance error handling, add more system APIs, and boost performance.

Jade serves as an educational tool to explore the fundamentals of JavaScript runtime development, separate from existing frameworks like Node.js or Deno.

The question of how hard you need to hit a chicken to cook it is both amusing and complex. A theoretical calculation suggests hitting a chicken at 3726 mph could cook it, but this only raises its temperature momentarily. To actually cook the chicken, it must stay at the right temperature for some time.

When a chicken is at a cooking temperature (165°F), it loses heat quickly by radiating energy. To keep it warm while cooking, you need to replace the energy it loses. In a controlled environment, like a vacuum chamber, four people hitting the chicken with baseball bats at 75 mph, once per second, could keep it at the necessary temperature for cooking. In this scenario, the chicken could be cooked in a few minutes.

Summary of Nue 2.0: The UNIX of the Web

Nue 2.0 is a compact web development environment that fits into just 1MB, focusing on simplicity and efficiency with small, specialized tools. Here are the key points:

• Ecosystem: Nue includes various tools for web development, such as a web framework, UI assembly, state management, content development, and server capabilities—all within 1MB.

• New Features:

  • HTML Templating: All HTML files use the .html extension with automatic type detection, simplifying the process.
  • Zero Dependencies: Everything needed is included in the 1MB package, eliminating external dependencies.
  • New Tools: Introduced NueState for URL-driven state management and NueServer for efficient backend development.
  • SVG Support: Allows processing SVG files as templates and mixing with HTML easily.
  • Sitemap and RSS Generation: Automatically generates sitemaps and RSS feeds from content collections.

• Development Experience: A complete rewrite enhances performance and allows direct serving of files from the source directory, eliminating unnecessary build steps.

• Compatibility with Bun: Nue 2.0 is built solely on Bun, chosen for its speed and adherence to web standards, which simplifies the developer experience.

• Installation and Upgrade: Upgrading from version 1.0 requires a local installation to avoid compatibility issues, and the beta version is currently only tested on macOS.

• Getting Started: Users can install Bun and Nuekit to create a new project easily and start developing.

Nue 2.0 aims to streamline web development, making it faster and more efficient with a focus on standards and simplicity.

The AV2 video codec, developed by the Alliance for Open Media, is nearing completion after five years of work, with a specification expected by the end of 2025. AV2 promises about 30% bitrate savings compared to its predecessor, AV1, while maintaining similar video quality. Recent tests show a 28.63% reduction in bitrate for certain metrics.

AV2 retains a structure similar to AV1 but features larger superblocks and improved motion prediction techniques. It also introduces enhancements like a unified quantizer for better precision, advanced deblocking filters, and improved coding methods to reduce artifacts. The codec supports higher bit depths and may incorporate AI extensions in future developments. The focus now is on making encoders more efficient and optimizing the codec for various video types.

In June, a major cyber-attack led to the theft of personal data from Qantas, including email addresses, phone numbers, birth dates, and frequent flyer numbers for 5 million customers. The hackers, part of a group called Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, leaked this data on the dark web after their ransom deadline expired. They threatened to share stolen information from nearly 40 companies worldwide, which totals up to 1 billion records.

While the leaked data does not include financial information or passport details, it raises concerns about potential identity theft and phishing scams. Companies like Qantas and Salesforce have stated they will not negotiate with the hackers. Qantas has set up a support line for affected customers and has taken legal steps to prevent the misuse of the stolen data. Security experts warn that individuals should monitor their accounts and be cautious of personalized scam emails that may arise from this breach.

Tangled is a new platform for Git collaboration that combines social features with decentralized code management. Built on the AT Protocol, it aims to give developers full ownership of their code and create a fun, self-governing open-source community.

The platform uses "knots," which are lightweight servers that allow users to easily host Git repositories, either individually or on larger community servers. Tangled offers free managed knots for hosting.

Users can access and contribute to different repositories seamlessly through the App View at tangled.sh. The platform is still developing its core features, guided by three main principles: ownership of data, low entry barriers, and a good user experience.

Tangled seeks to simplify collaboration and make it feel natural. It is currently invite-only, but is now open to the public; users can log in at tangled.sh/login.

It seems like there was no text provided to summarize. Please share the text you'd like me to summarize, and I'll be happy to help!

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Avo CMS and Typesense in Ruby on Rails Applications

Avo CMS is a content management system designed for Ruby on Rails applications. It offers various resources for developers, including:

• Documentation: Comprehensive guides and FAQs to help users get started.
• Templates: Ready-to-use blueprints and starter kits to speed up development.
• Community Support: Blogs, open source contributions, and customer success stories.

Additionally, the article discusses integrating Typesense into Rails for intelligent search capabilities.

Key Points about Typesense:

• What is Typesense?: A fast, typo-tolerant search engine designed for quick searches (under 50ms).
• Use Case: It acts as an indexing layer over your database, enabling efficient search, unlike traditional database searches.
• Advantages: Typesense is easy to set up with sensible defaults and can handle many concurrent search queries.
• Concepts:
  • Document: Similar to a row in a database table, representing a single searchable item.
  • Collection: A group of related documents, requiring a name and a description of indexed fields.
  • Schema: Defines the structure of data to be indexed in a collection, including field types and sorting preferences.

Overall, Typesense enhances search functionality in Rails applications, making it a powerful tool for developers.

The text discusses how the focus on internet speed negatively impacts Wi-Fi performance in both residential and enterprise settings. While professionals recommend using narrower channel widths (20 MHz or 40 MHz) for better Wi-Fi experience, many consumer devices default to wider channels (80 MHz or more) to maximize speed, which can lead to interference and degraded performance.

The author highlights that the average U.S. household has around 21 Wi-Fi devices, often requiring multiple access points for effective coverage. The push for higher speeds has conditioned consumers to prioritize speed testing, which can cause "airtime contention." This occurs when multiple devices compete for bandwidth, leading to increased latency and poor responsiveness during speed tests.

The article notes that many households experience daily Wi-Fi issues, emphasizing the need for a shift in focus from speed to metrics like reliability and responsiveness. The upcoming Wi-Fi 8 standard aims to address this by prioritizing lower latency and reduced packet loss rather than just higher speeds.

Ultimately, the text argues for better tools and metrics that highlight overall network performance rather than just speed, suggesting that improvements can be made with existing hardware through configuration changes. It concludes by stating that while speed tests are useful, they should not be the sole focus for troubleshooting Wi-Fi issues.

I created a new generative model called Discrete Distribution Networks (DDN), which has been accepted for presentation at ICLR 2025. DDN offers a different approach to modeling data distributions compared to popular models like Diffusion, GAN, and VAE. Here are the key points about DDN:

1. It generates multiple outputs at once instead of just one.
2. These outputs help approximate the target data distribution.
3. The outputs represent a discrete distribution, which is why it's called "Discrete Distribution Networks."

DDN has some unique features:

• Zero-Shot Conditional Generation (ZSCG).
• A one-dimensional latent representation organized in a tree structure.
• Fully end-to-end differentiable.

Reviewers have praised DDN as a novel and elegant method that could lead to new directions in generative modeling.

No summary available.

I created a website to showcase a data-driven model for my coffee roaster. After using the machine for about 20 batches, I found that while the controls (heat, fan, drum speeds) are easy to use, the underlying physics are complicated. I wanted to use my past roasting data to develop a model that helps with roast planning and improves my understanding of roasting. The website allows users to interact with the roaster in a safe, virtual environment.

The model uses custom Machine Learning techniques based on the physics of roasting and coffee beans, rather than conventional AI methods. It is trained on around twelve actual roasts, with the default model using Ethiopian Guji beans.

In the future, I plan to add more roasters and features for practicing control and tracking.

Explore a vast collection of over 50,000 images from the National Gallery of Art, featuring various art forms such as still life paintings, flower paintings, landscape woodcuts, animal sculptures, sea paintings, and portraits of women. Notable artworks include:

• "Winter Harmony" by John Henry Twachtman (1890/1900)
• "Winter in the Country" by George Henry Durrie (1858)
• "Returning to Fort Frontenac by Sled" by George Catlin (1679)
• "Woods in Winter" by Charles Warren Eaton (1886)
• "Winter in Holland: Skating Scene" by Aert van der Neer (1645)
• "Northern Landscape, Spring" by Caspar David Friedrich (c. 1825)
• "Skating on the Frozen Amstel River" by Adam van Breen (1611)

The collection showcases a variety of winter scenes and landscapes from different periods and artists.

The text discusses the "Orphan Tsunami of 1700," a significant tsunami that struck Japan without an accompanying earthquake, which was actually caused by seismic activity off the northwest coast of North America. Key points include:

• The tsunami happened in January 1700 and was noted in historical Japanese records.
• The term "tsunami" was first used in Japan in 1612.
• A 1720 French map shows European understanding of the Pacific coast.
• The book details the connections between the tsunami and a major earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone in North America.
• It is divided into three parts: geological signs of past earthquakes, Japanese accounts of the tsunami, and linking these observations to the Cascadia earthquake and future seismic risks.
• The second edition includes minor updates and corrections from the first edition published in 2005.

The book serves as a scientific investigation into the origins of the tsunami and its impact on Japanese history.

No summary available.

Verge is using artificial intelligence to create new drugs more quickly. In the past three years, the company has successfully developed two drugs using its advanced data and tools. Verge has also formed partnerships with Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca, worth $1.6 billion in contracts and $67 million in immediate cash.

They are currently hiring for several positions on their platform team, including:

• Head of Product & Engineering
• Principal Full-Stack Engineer (Django)
• Senior Computational Biologist (AI/ML)
• Senior Data Engineer

Interested candidates can apply on their careers page and should mention Hacker News in their application.

The platform team is working on Verge's CONVERGE drug discovery engine, which aims to be a valuable resource for pharmaceutical companies and AI partners. The team is small and collaborative, and successful applicants will help guide the team's projects.

All positions are remote within the US, but candidates must be willing to travel to San Francisco a few times a year. Visa sponsorship is not available.

No summary available.

Summary of Mesh Shaders Update

The OpenGL/ES Working Group has officially released GL_EXT_mesh_shader, marking a significant milestone as the largest extension for OpenGL this decade. This achievement was primarily led by Qiang Yu from AMD, who contributed extensively to the specification and core implementation, with Shihao Wang also playing a key role in developing test cases.

Support for Minecraft modding using this extension is already in progress. The necessary code has been integrated into the mesa system, and further updates are planned soon to ensure AMD’s drivers can showcase this extension first.

In summary, this release is a major step forward for graphics technology, thanks to the hard work of individuals at AMD and contributions from the community.

Replit, a coding platform founded in 2016 by CEO Amjad Masad, has experienced a challenging journey to reach a $3 billion valuation. After struggling for years with stagnant revenue and multiple failed business models, the company recently achieved significant growth, raising $250 million in funding and increasing its annualized revenue from $2.8 million to over $150 million in under a year.

Masad's vision has always been to make programming accessible to everyone, aiming to create a billion programmers. After facing difficulties, including cutting half of its workforce last year, Replit launched a new product called Replit Agent, which enhances coding capabilities for non-technical users. This pivot has proven successful, as Replit is now profitable and focuses on the enterprise market, serving companies like Zillow and Coinbase.

Despite its recent success, Replit faces competition from major AI companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, which are developing their own coding tools. However, Masad believes Replit's unique focus on non-technical users and its established infrastructure give it an advantage.

Replit is now looking to scale operations and continue product development while remaining cautious, aware that the tech landscape can change rapidly. Masad emphasizes the importance of staying principled and forward-thinking amidst the ups and downs of the business.

A Ryanair flight from Pisa, Italy, to Prestwick, Scotland, faced severe difficulties landing due to wind speeds of up to 100 mph during Storm Amy. After three failed landing attempts, the pilots declared a mayday and diverted to Manchester, where the weather was calmer. The flight landed with only six minutes of fuel left, raising safety concerns. An investigation by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) is underway. Passengers described the experience as turbulent and stressful, with the flight arriving in Manchester about 10 hours later than scheduled. Ryanair is cooperating with the investigation but has not commented further.

Researchers have studied the enzyme ATP synthase, which produces energy molecules (ATP) for cells. They replaced part of its structure with an artificial motor to examine how it works. Their findings indicate that keeping the motor rotating at a constant speed minimizes energy loss from random fluctuations, making it more efficient than varying the torque. This suggests that biological motors might be designed for energy efficiency, similar to how driving a car steadily is more efficient than frequent acceleration and braking. Future research could provide more insights into these mechanisms and how they relate to cellular environments.

The text seems to be a list of sections or topics related to a website or resource that provides information about essays. It includes areas like "About Us," "Examples," "How-Tos," "Reference," "Videos," and "Pro." Each section likely offers different types of support or content to help users with essay writing.

ThalamusDB: Overview and Key Features

ThalamusDB is a processing engine that allows users to perform SQL queries on various types of data, including text, images, and audio. It enhances standard SQL with special semantic operators for more intuitive queries.

Getting Started:

• To install ThalamusDB, use: pip install thalamusdb.
• It works with language models from providers like OpenAI and Google. You need to set an environment variable with your API key.
• You can run ThalamusDB using a command that specifies your database and model configuration.

Data Handling:

• ThalamusDB uses DuckDB databases and supports three unstructured data types: text, images, and audio.
• For images, store file paths in a text column. It recognizes common formats like PNG and JPEG.
• Audio files can also be included in text columns as paths.

Querying:

• ThalamusDB allows SQL queries with natural language filters, such as NLfilter for conditions and NLjoin for joining data based on natural language.

Model Configuration:

• Users can define which models to use for different data types in a configuration file. This includes settings for priority and specific parameters for semantic operations.

Approximate Processing:

• ThalamusDB is designed for approximate results, showing ongoing results as queries are processed. It distinguishes between aggregation (single result rows) and retrieval queries (multiple rows).
• Error bounds help indicate how close the results are to the exact answers.

Stopping Criteria:

• You can set limits for query execution based on time, number of model calls, token limits, and error thresholds.

Documentation:

• For more details, visit the ThalamusDB documentation here.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of HATEOAS for Haunted Houses

This project showcases how to use HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) to create a flexible control system for a haunted house within a tight 10-day deadline. The setup involves managing 15 rooms across two modes (haunted house and escape room) using 5 Arduino-compatible controllers and an admin app running on a Raspberry Pi.

Key Points:

1. Project Constraints: The haunted house needed to operate seamlessly with existing escape rooms while new features were being developed. The controllers had limited memory and had to function offline.

2. Why HATEOAS?: HATEOAS simplifies client-server interaction by allowing the server to describe the state and available actions, which leads to easier maintenance and lower complexity.

3. Implementation:

   • The controllers act as HATEOAS servers, managing room states and responding to requests with hypermedia.
   • The admin app, built using htmx, polls the controllers to display current states and actions.
   • Custom HTML elements and CSS selectors are used for client-side interactivity and styling.

4. Benefits of HATEOAS:

   • Controllers can be updated with new actions without modifying the client app.
   • The admin app can discover new rooms simply by adding new URLs.

5. Technical Details:

   • The Arduino controllers serve HTML fragments that describe room states and actions.
   • The admin app uses htmx to dynamically update the interface based on the controller's state.
   • Custom web components enhance interactivity, such as timers and music controls.

6. Deployment: The admin app is served using Caddy on the Raspberry Pi, allowing it to restart automatically after power outages.

7. Outcome: The system was successfully delivered on time and continues to operate effectively, allowing for easy updates and management of room configurations.

In conclusion, this project illustrates the advantages of using HATEOAS in a real-world application, particularly in managing state-driven systems like a haunted house, while ensuring that the client remains adaptable and easy to update.

"Lights Out" is a puzzle game played on a grid where each cell is either red or white. The goal is to turn all cells red. When you click a cell, it changes color and also changes the color of all cells in the same row and column.

The game is similar to a Rubik's cube because fixing one cell can disturb its neighbors. There are various methods to solve the puzzle, including mathematical techniques, logical reasoning, and trial-and-error.

The name "Lights Out" comes from a handheld game from 1997, and the clicking rule is called "Adjacent." The author learned a variant from a teacher and found the solution process enjoyable and rewarding.

The author created a version of this game using TypeScript, which has been used for experiments to find strategies for different versions and sizes of the game. They also produced a video using the Python library manim. The author invites others to try the game and share their experiences.

This text discusses design principles related to the letter "A." It emphasizes the importance of balancing the negative spaces at the top and bottom of the letter. A well-proportioned "A" should avoid looking too high-waisted. The text also notes that stroke weight at joints should be thinner to prevent a heavy appearance. In summary, if a design looks wrong, it is wrong, and intentional choices lead to better results. The article hints at continuing with the letter "B" next.

The text provides links to a GitHub page and a YouTube video related to a project named NanoMi. The GitHub link leads to the project's repository, while the YouTube link directs to a video, likely containing more information or a demonstration about NanoMi.

No summary available.

Igalia has received a new commission from the Sovereign Tech Fund to support the Servo web engine, which they have been maintaining since 2023. Servo is a modern web engine built in Rust, and it aims to improve browser technology. The funding will allow Igalia to focus on three main areas over the next year:

1. Accessibility Support: Servo currently lacks essential accessibility features needed for users with assistive technologies. The investment will help implement these features to make Servo usable for everyone.

2. WebView API: To embed Servo in applications, a complete WebView API is necessary. Igalia plans to finalize this API to enable Servo's use in desktop and mobile apps, expanding its adoption.

3. Project Maintenance: Servo is also a collection of libraries used within the Rust community. The funding will support ongoing maintenance, including managing issues and reviews, ensuring Servo remains active and well-supported.

Igalia is committed to open-source innovation and believes Servo has a significant role in the future of web engines. They thank the Sovereign Tech Fund for the support and look forward to sharing updates on their progress.

Summary of Switching to Helix from Vim

In October 2025, the author shared their experience after using the Helix text editor for three months. They were motivated to switch from Vim due to Helix's built-in language server support, which simplified tasks like “go to definition.”

Key Features of Helix:

• Language Server Support: Helix makes it easy to navigate and edit code without extensive configuration.
• Improved Search Functionality: Searching in Helix provides better context around matches compared to Vim's plugins.
• Quick Reference: Helix offers helpful popups for navigation shortcuts, which the author finds beneficial.

Adjustments from Vim:

• Helix uses different commands for navigation (like Ctrl+O for going back) and emphasizes multiple cursors over macros.
• It lacks features like persistent undo and automatic file reloading, which can be inconvenient.

Transition Experience:

The author found switching easier than expected, adapting their muscle memory from Vim to Helix within a few weeks. They noted some differences in how words are defined in Helix compared to Vim, which took some getting used to.

Terminal Use:

They adjusted to using Helix in a terminal environment, finding a new workflow that they enjoy more than their previous GUI setup.

Configuration:

Helix's configuration is simpler, involving only a few keyboard shortcuts and some language-specific settings, which the author appreciates compared to their extensive Vim configuration.

Conclusion:

After three months, the author remains satisfied with Helix but acknowledges that they might switch back to Vim in the future, similar to their previous experience with package managers.

Vietnam Airlines Data Breach Summary

In October 2025, a hacking group named "Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters" released stolen data from various companies, including Vietnam Airlines. In June 2025, a breach of Vietnam Airlines’ Salesforce system led to the exposure of 7.5 million unique customer email addresses, along with names, phone numbers, dates of birth, and loyalty program details.

Compromised Information:

• Email addresses
• Names
• Phone numbers
• Dates of birth
• Loyalty program membership numbers

Recommended Actions:

• Change Your Password: If you haven't updated your Vietnam Airlines password since the breach, do it immediately.
• Enable Two-Factor Authentication: This adds extra security to your account.
• Consider using a password manager like 1Password for strong, unique passwords.

No summary available.

Researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz have created a new system called Pulse-Fi that uses Wi-Fi signals to detect people's heartbeats without any physical contact. This innovation could lead to new ways to monitor heart health remotely.

I'm looking to buy a second TV to use as a monitor for my System76 laptop, which connects to my music equipment like a Korg MIDI keyboard and a Novation drum pad that work well with Linux. I want to buy a used TV and I've found many options from brands like Samsung, LG, RCA, and Sony on Facebook Marketplace, although I find Facebook frustrating. I’m seeking recommendations for the best brand or model, ideally one that doesn't push me to install extra apps from streaming services or gambling sites. I believe most TVs will support HDMI, but I'm open to brands that offer unique features.

In January 2011, Constantin Gonzalez celebrated the 4th anniversary of a video he created about ZFS and the X4500 Server, two innovative products from Sun. The video has been downloaded over 100,000 times and showcased at various events. Since old video hosting platforms no longer work, Gonzalez moved the video to Vimeo for better quality. Viewers can watch either the English dubbed version or the original German version. The video highlights ZFS's unique features, such as quick configuration, strong data integrity, and advanced functionality, and suggests that ZFS's capabilities are still growing.

The article "In a post-truth world, truth-seeking is more important than ever" by Jason Baehr emphasizes that in today's world filled with conflicting information, the pursuit of knowledge is crucial for maintaining trust and democracy. Baehr argues that while technology offers vast access to information, it can also hinder our ability to think critically. To counter this, he suggests we need to cultivate intellectual virtues like persistence, rigor, and humility.

Baehr points out that people often struggle with identifying credible sources and navigating misinformation. He warns against simply trusting experts without scrutiny, as even experts can disagree. Instead, he advocates for active engagement in the pursuit of truth, encouraging individuals to ask questions, evaluate sources, and consider different perspectives. The article highlights the challenges posed by overwhelming information and echo chambers, urging readers to take responsibility for their understanding.

Python 3.14 has been released, and benchmarks have been run to evaluate its performance compared to previous versions.

Key Points:

1. Performance Testing: The author revisited benchmarks to assess how Python 3.14 performs. The tests focused on pure Python code, avoiding native code to measure the interpreter's efficiency.

2. Testing Setup:

   • Benchmarks included 6 Python versions (3.9 to 3.14) and other languages like Pypy, Node.js, and Rust.
   • Two main test scripts were used: one for calculating Fibonacci numbers and another for sorting a list (bubble sort).
   • Tests were conducted on two different computers (one running Linux and the other macOS).

3. Results:

   • Python 3.14 showed a significant speed improvement over 3.13, running about 27% faster in Fibonacci calculations.
   • Pypy was notably faster than Python 3.14, performing almost five times better in these tests.
   • The JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler and Free-threading (FT) interpreter were also tested, but results showed limited gains, especially in the JIT compiler's performance.

4. Multi-threading:

   • The Free-threading interpreter is faster for CPU-heavy multi-threaded applications, showing about a 3.1x improvement over the standard interpreter in Python 3.14.
   • Results indicate that while Python 3.14 is the fastest among its versions, it still has limitations in multi-threaded performance due to the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).

5. Conclusions:

   • Python 3.14 is the most efficient version available, but earlier versions (3.11 and later) are also much faster than older releases.
   • The JIT compiler requires further optimization, and while the Free-threading interpreter shows promise, it may not be suitable for all applications.

Overall, while Python 3.14 brings improvements, users should consider their specific use cases, especially regarding multi-threading and the potential benefits of using Pypy.

No summary available.

AMD has optimized ONNX models for generative AI, which can be found on Hugging Face. These models work well with AMD Ryzen AI APUs and Radeon GPUs. The AMD Radeon RX 9000 Series offers excellent performance thanks to its advanced AI features.

Lightweight Git Repository Hosting

• Host your Git repositories on your own servers using small, efficient servers called knots.
• Invite friends or collaborators to work on your projects.
• Control access with detailed user permissions.
• Use SSH for secure data transfer.

Improved Pull Request Model

• A simple and effective way to manage pull requests with a round-based system.
• Supports stacked pull requests with unique change IDs.
• Allows quick edits by pasting a Git diff or format-patch.

Run Pipelines with Spindles

• Execute pipelines on your own servers using spindles, which are lightweight CI runners.
• Works well with Nix for package management.
• Easy to adapt for different execution methods.

On September 25, 2025, the domain statichost.eu was mistakenly flagged by Google Safe Browsing as deceptive for about six hours. This caused users to receive warnings or be blocked when trying to access any site on that domain, affecting both the main site and custom domains hosted on the platform.

The founder, Eric Selin, initially discovered the issue when users reported the site was unavailable. After investigating, he found that Google had marked his site due to phishing activities linked to other sites on the same domain. Although he was able to identify and remove the offending sites, he faced challenges in contacting Google to resolve the issue. Eventually, the block was lifted after he requested a review.

Selin criticized Google for its significant control over internet interactions and the way it compiles its blacklist, which affects billions of users. He expressed concerns about relying on Google to determine site safety and encouraged users to trust their own judgment. To prevent future incidents, he decided to use a different domain format (statichost.page) for hosting sites.

No summary available.

Scribe OCR Summary

Scribe OCR is a free web application that helps recognize text from images, correct OCR data, and create fully digitized documents. You can access it at scribeocr.com. Here are the main uses of Scribe OCR:

1. Creating Searchable PDFs: Scribe OCR can generate searchable PDFs, making it an alternative to tools like Adobe Acrobat. It allows easy correction of text recognition errors.

2. Proofreading OCR Data: Users can edit and correct OCR data from other applications, improving the proofreading process by accurately overlaying text on images.

3. Digitizing Documents: Unlike other OCR programs, Scribe OCR creates true digital versions of documents that closely replicate the original layout, resulting in smaller file sizes.

For local use, you can run Scribe OCR in your browser by following specific commands, but there is no standalone desktop version yet. Documentation is available online, and users can provide feedback through Git Issues.

Scribe OCR emphasizes efficient proofreading by displaying editable text over scanned images, using custom fonts to match the original document closely. This method helps users quickly identify and correct errors, improving accuracy from 98% to 100%. In Ebook Mode, it produces a clean text layer while maintaining the original scan’s quality.

Summary of Spock Multi-Master Replication for PostgreSQL

Overview Spock is an extension for PostgreSQL that enables multi-master replication for versions 15 and later. It requires installation on each node of the cluster and specific configurations for proper functioning.

Key Requirements:

• Install the Spock extension on all cluster nodes.
• Ensure all tables have the same names, schemas, columns, primary keys, and data types.
• Check requirements for CHECK constraints and NOT NULL constraints on standby nodes.

Building Spock:

1. Get the PostgreSQL source and apply version-specific patches.
2. Build PostgreSQL and the Spock extension.
3. Update the Postgres configuration to include Spock.
4. Use the command CREATE EXTENSION spock; to enable it on each node.

Basic Configuration:

• Modify configuration files (postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf) for replication settings.
• Enable logical replication and automatic DDL replication.
• Restart the Postgres server after changes.

Setting Up Replication:

1. Create nodes using spock.node_create command.
2. Establish subscriptions between nodes with spock.sub_create.
3. Add tables using pgbench to test replication.

Deployment Options:

• Spock clusters can be deployed using Ansible or within containers for easier management.

Upgrading:

• Back up your cluster before upgrading as rollbacks are not possible. Upgrade the Spock extension as you would any other PostgreSQL extension.

This guide provides the essential steps and considerations for implementing and managing Spock multi-master replication in PostgreSQL.

The article discusses the usability issues introduced with iOS 26, which features a new design language called "Liquid Glass." This design emphasizes visual effects but detracts from user experience. Here are the key points:

1. Visual Obscurity: The translucent and animated elements make important text and controls difficult to see against busy backgrounds, leading to poor readability and usability.

2. Crowded Controls: Touch targets are smaller and more crowded, making it harder for users to interact with the interface effectively.

3. Loss of Predictability: The interface frequently changes, causing confusion as users have to adapt to moving controls and elements that appear or disappear unexpectedly.

4. Changing Conventions: Familiar navigation patterns have been altered, requiring long-time users to relearn how to find functions like search, which has been moved to less intuitive locations.

5. Declining Discoverability: Key features like the back button have lost helpful labels, making navigation more difficult.

Overall, the article argues that iOS 26 prioritizes style over functionality, leading to a frustrating user experience. The flashy design may look appealing, but it complicates everyday tasks and obscures essential content.

The author emphasizes that examples are the most effective form of documentation when developers are looking for guidance. They often struggle to find clear examples in official documentation, which tends to be complex and aimed at experienced users. For instance, the Python documentation for the max function is difficult for many to understand without prior knowledge of specific terminology and concepts.

Instead of lengthy explanations, simple examples can quickly illustrate how to use a function. The author suggests that community-driven sites, like clojuredocs.org for Clojure, are invaluable because they provide practical examples that help developers understand how to apply functions in real scenarios. Overall, the author prefers to search for tutorials or examples rather than traditional documentation, which can often be terse and hard to navigate.

Summary

Completing large technical projects can be challenging, but one effective method is to break them down into smaller, manageable tasks that show real progress. The initial excitement of starting a project can fade over time, leading to distractions or lack of motivation. To maintain motivation, it helps to focus on achieving quick, tangible results.

1. Start Small: When beginning a project, choose a smaller task that can be completed quickly and allows for visible results. For example, instead of aiming for a fully functional terminal, start with simple tasks like parsing terminal codes or rendering a blank window.

2. Early Results: Early work might not be visible, so use automated testing to track progress. For instance, if you start with parsing, seeing tests pass is a motivating accomplishment.

3. Aim for Demos: The goal is to create "good enough" components that can be demonstrated rather than perfect solutions. Frequent demos provide valuable feedback and keep you motivated.

4. Build for Yourself: Focus on solving your own problems first, especially for personal projects. This ensures that the software is relevant to your needs and keeps you engaged.

5. Iterate and Improve: Once you've built a functional version, continue to refine and add features based on what you learn from using your software.

In conclusion, breaking projects into smaller pieces, prioritizing quick wins, and continuously iterating based on personal experience can significantly enhance motivation and lead to project completion.

Gitcasso is a browser extension designed for GitHub that offers the following features:

• It adds markdown syntax highlighting to text areas on GitHub.
• It shows all open pull requests and issues, as well as any draft comments.
• There is an optional feature to autosave comment drafts, though this is not fully implemented yet.

The creator was inspired by a similar tool called Overtype and found it feasible to develop Gitcasso using Playwright and Claude Code, making updates easier.

This project was notable for being the first time the creator built a tool, then used AI to help enhance it. The Gitcasso project is open-source and can be found on GitHub.

For more information, you can check out the video walkthrough and a detailed write-up linked in the text.

The blog post by Lorin Hochstein discusses the challenges of recognizing talented software engineers, focusing on their often low-profile nature.

Key points include:

1. Invisible Talent: Many skilled engineers do not showcase their abilities through social media or other public channels, making it hard for hiring managers to identify them.

2. Real Examples:

   • A tweet from Mitchell Hashimoto highlights a colleague who worked quietly for years on a specific project, yet was highly effective.
   • Nikunj Kothari's blog post discusses engineers who contribute significantly but do not meet conventional performance metrics, as their work is often unmeasured.
   • Gergly Orosz shares about a top engineer whose work is outstanding but has minimal online presence.

3. Legibility Problem: Hiring and promotion processes often rely on easily observable criteria, which can overlook the contributions of less visible yet effective engineers.

4. Conclusion: The industry struggles to improve the evaluation of candidates, leading to an emphasis on online presence instead of recognizing the value of those quietly excelling in their roles.

Overall, Hochstein emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the capabilities of engineers who may not fit the typical mold of visibility or self-promotion.

No summary available.

Recent reports indicate that Apple has halted development on its Vision Pro and the planned Vision Air headsets, shifting its focus to smart glasses instead. The Vision Pro, launched in mid-2023, was intended to revolutionize computing but faced disappointing sales due to its high price and limited appeal.

Apple initially aimed to create a more accessible Vision Air model that would be lighter and cheaper, making mixed-reality technology available to a broader audience. However, by mid-2024, it became clear that the Vision Pro’s high cost and complexity limited its market, leading Apple to pause its development efforts.

Now, both the Vision Pro and Vision Air are reportedly on hold, with no new headset in active development. Instead, Apple plans to introduce smart glasses to compete with other companies in the market.

In the meantime, Apple is expected to release an updated M5 Vision Pro headset, which will refresh the existing model with newer technology, but it may not significantly change the user experience or attract a wider audience. Future plans for the Vision Air and Vision Pro 2 may resume after establishing the smart glasses initiative, but the future of Apple's headset lineup remains uncertain.

Dimensions.com is a reference site that provides drawings showing the standard sizes of everyday objects and spaces. It aims to help people understand the basic measurements and designs in our environment. The site is open to everyone and helps improve knowledge about life and design. Users can upgrade to DimensionsPro for extra features like 2D and 3D downloads, an ad-free experience, and more content.

Summary: My First Contribution to Linux

In this article, the author shares their journey of contributing to the Linux kernel by fixing issues with the hotkeys on their old Fujitsu Lifebook S2110 laptop. Here are the key points:

1. Background: The author has been studying the Linux source code and started fixing issues with their hardware. They aimed to understand the kernel development process better by upstreaming a patch.

2. The Laptop: The Fujitsu Lifebook S2110 is a 2005 model still capable of running the latest Linux distributions. It features hotkeys for different applications, which the author wanted to make functional.

3. Identifying Issues: After testing the hotkeys, the author discovered that some keys did not work in "Player" mode. They traced the issue to potential driver problems by examining kernel logs.

4. Finding the Right Driver: The author used various commands to identify the correct driver responsible for the hotkeys and found that the fujitsu_laptop driver was the right one.

5. Studying and Modifying the Driver: The author delved into the driver code to understand how it handled key events and realized they needed to create a new keymap for the additional media keys.

6. Testing Changes: After modifying the driver to support the media keys, the author built a new kernel and confirmed that the keys worked as intended.

7. Upstreaming the Patch: The author documented their changes and submitted a patch to the kernel maintainers, following the standard patch submission process.

8. Timeline of Contribution: The article details the timeline from submission to the patch being accepted and included in the upstream kernel, highlighting the author's sense of achievement.

9. Conclusion: The author reflects on the experience, noting that the process was easier than expected and expressing gratitude for the resources available for new contributors.

Overall, the article illustrates the author's first contribution to the Linux kernel, emphasizing the learning process, challenges faced, and the satisfaction of improving their laptop's functionality.

Since launching the Apple Security Bounty program in 2020, Apple has awarded over $35 million to more than 800 security researchers. They are now enhancing the program with higher rewards, expanded research areas, and a new system called Target Flags to help researchers demonstrate vulnerabilities more effectively.

Key updates include:

1. Increased Rewards: The top reward for exploit chains is now $2 million, doubling the previous amount. Researchers can earn over $5 million with bonuses for specific exploits.

2. Expanded Categories: New categories include $300,000 for one-click WebKit sandbox escapes and up to $1 million for certain wireless proximity attacks.

3. Target Flags: This new feature allows researchers to show the impact of their findings objectively. Reports with Target Flags will receive faster rewards, processed immediately upon validation.

4. Focus on Real-World Threats: Apple aims to prioritize rewards for verifiable exploits that reflect real threats, especially those that affect the latest hardware and software.

5. Special Initiatives for 2026: Apple plans to donate iPhone 17 devices to civil society organizations to help protect at-risk users from sophisticated spyware attacks.

The updated program will take effect in November 2025, with a complete list of new categories and rewards to be published then. Apple is committed to improving security and collaborating with researchers to protect its 2.35 billion active device users.

Hacker News is a website where users can view and discuss technology news and topics. It has sections for new posts, popular threads, past discussions, comments, questions, shows, job listings, and the option to submit new content. To view the feed, you need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

A recent discovery by mathematician Pavel Galashin at Cornell University connects origami, the art of paper folding, with the amplituhedron, a geometric shape crucial for understanding particle physics. The amplituhedron helps to calculate how particles interact, and Galashin's work shows that origami patterns can be translated into points that make up this shape.

This connection allowed Galashin to solve a long-standing question about the amplituhedron: whether it can be divided into simpler, manageable parts that correspond to particle interactions. His findings suggest that these pieces fit together perfectly without gaps or overlaps.

Traditionally, physicists used complex methods, like Feynman diagrams, to compute particle interactions, which became increasingly complicated with more particles involved. Galashin's approach simplifies this by using geometric relationships, making it easier to compute these interactions.

Overall, this new link between origami and particle physics opens up possibilities for further research and understanding of both fields. Mathematicians and physicists hope to explore this connection to improve calculations related to particle collisions.

Summary

The author discusses using a laptop as a monitor for single board computers (SBCs) like Raspberry Pi. While they usually set up these devices without a monitor (headless mode), sometimes a direct connection is necessary for configuration or maintenance. However, they find it inconvenient to use external monitors.

To solve this, they use HDMI to USB capture cards, which are typically for streaming video from cameras or consoles but can also display HDMI output from SBCs on their laptop. They mention several applications like VLC, FFplay, and Cheese that can show this video feed. For more advanced features like streaming or recording, OBS can be used.

The author notes that while a USB keyboard is needed for the SBC, it’s easy to plug one in temporarily. For those frequently connecting to multiple devices, a KVM switch might be a good investment.

This guide provides instructions for using an ESP32-WROOM-32 development board with Termux on your phone. Here's a simplified summary of the key steps:

Requirements:

• ESP32 development board (like ESP32-WROOM-32)
• OTG adapter and USB-A cable (ensure the cable supports data transfer)
• Phone with Termux installed (preferably from F-Droid)

Getting Started:

1. Install TCPUART: This app connects the Android Serial USB API to Termux, acting as a bridge.
2. Set Up TCPUART:
   • Set the baud rate to 115200.
   • Connect the ESP32 and start the TCP server with port 8080.

Termux Setup:

• Install necessary packages by running:

  pkg install -y python esptool mpremote socat
  

• Create a TCP bridge with:

  socat pty,link=$HOME/esp32,raw,echo=0 tcp:127.0.0.1:8080 &
  

Resetting the ESP32:

• Put the ESP32 in download mode by pressing the BOOT button, then the RESET button, and finally releasing the BOOT button.
• Run the command to erase memory:

  esptool --chip esp32 --port $HOME/esp32 --before no-reset --after no-reset erase-flash
  

Flashing Micropython:

• Download and flash Micropython firmware:

  curl -L https://micropython.org/resources/firmware/ESP32_GENERIC-20250911-v1.26.1.bin -o esp32-micropython.bin
  esptool --chip esp32 --port $HOME/esp32 --before no-reset --after no-reset write-flash -z 0x1000 esp32-micropython.bin
  

• After flashing, reset the board.

Next Steps:

• To try the Micropython REPL, use:

  mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 repl
  

• Create and upload a program (e.g., to blink an LED) and run it on the ESP32.

Useful Commands:

• List files: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs ls
• View a file: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs cat main.py
• Delete a file: mpremote connect port:$HOME/esp32 fs rm unwanted.py

Conclusion: The guide highlights challenges in setting up a practical UART connection using Termux due to compatibility issues. While using TCPUART is a workaround, it notes that there might be better solutions available.

Summary of Patina Project

Patina is a project that develops UEFI firmware using Rust, aiming to replace existing firmware components that are mostly written in C. The main goal is to enhance security and stability by utilizing Rust's memory safety while maintaining similar boot performance.

Key Points:

1. Project Status: Patina is in a "beta" stage, and contributions and feedback are encouraged.

2. Release Process: To publish a new version, review and update the draft release on GitHub, then publish it and create a pull request to update all version files.

3. Documentation: A "Getting Started" guide is available in the repository, and documentation can be self-hosted or accessed online.

4. Tool Setup: Follow Rust's setup instructions to install necessary tools. Key tools to install include cargo-make and cargo-llvm-cov.

5. Building and Testing: Patina can be built for different architectures (aarch64, x64, native) and supports running unit tests.

6. Rust Version Management: It’s recommended to update Rust at least quarterly. Changes to the minimum supported Rust version should be documented.

7. Coverage and Benchmarks: Patina supports generating test coverage data and running benchmarks for performance testing.

8. Development Roadmap: Upcoming work focuses on stabilization, expanding capabilities by replacing C components with Rust, and integrating with both firmware and Rust ecosystems.

9. Community Contributions: The project welcomes community involvement and feedback to help shape its direction and improvements.

For anyone interested in contributing, reviewing the documentation and ensuring unit tests pass is essential.

Summary: Multi-Core Programming Made Simple

In modern programming, leveraging multiple CPU cores is essential for maximizing performance. Traditionally, programmers learn single-core techniques first, making it challenging to adapt to multi-core systems. However, as CPUs commonly feature multiple cores (8, 16, 32, or more), ignoring multi-core programming leads to wasted performance.

The author, Ryan Fleury, shares his journey in understanding multi-core programming while working on debuggers that handle complex and large data. He emphasizes the importance of effectively utilizing hardware for performance gains.

Key concepts include:

1. Parallel Computation: Instead of performing a task sequentially on a single core, tasks can be divided among multiple cores. For example, summing a list of numbers can be broken into smaller independent sums calculated in parallel.

2. Job Systems: Traditional job systems allow for parallel execution but can complicate code maintenance and debugging because of the need to manage multiple threads and their contexts.

3. Multi-Core by Default: The author suggests a shift in mindset—programming in a way that assumes multiple cores from the start, similar to how GPU programming works. This approach simplifies coding and debugging because the structure remains consistent across single and multi-core executions.

4. Uniform Work Distribution: It's important to evenly distribute tasks among cores to avoid some cores finishing early and waiting for others. Strategies include dynamically assigning tasks or redesigning algorithms for better parallelism.

5. Simplified Debugging: Multi-core by default programming offers clearer debugging since all threads run similar code, maintaining context and state more easily.

In conclusion, adopting a multi-core by default mindset can lead to clearer, more efficient code that scales better across modern hardware, minimizing the complexity traditionally associated with multi-core programming.

In August 2025, the FDA issued a warning about certain frozen shrimp sold at Walmart due to potential radioactive contamination from cesium-137, a radioactive isotope usually not found in food. This led to widespread recalls of shrimp processed by BMS Foods, a major Indonesian shrimp supplier, affecting hundreds of thousands of pounds across the U.S.

The contamination was traced back to industrial activities in the Cikande area of Java, Indonesia, where it is believed that cesium-137 was released during metal smelting, contaminating the shrimp and possibly cloves from a distant supplier. Although cesium-137 can increase cancer risk with prolonged exposure, the levels found in the shrimp and spices were below the FDA’s safety threshold, causing experts to advise consumers not to panic.

The FDA has taken action by placing BMS Foods on an import alert and requiring certification for all shrimp and spices from Java to ensure they are free from radioactive contamination. Consumers are encouraged to check product labels for country of origin and to discard any products they are unsure about. The FDA maintains that no contaminated products have been sold in the U.S. marketplace.

Summary:

The text discusses the history and evolution of large language models (LLMs), focusing on key concepts like distributed representations, attention mechanisms, and the transformer architecture. The author reflects on their own learning journey, emphasizing the importance of understanding the attention mechanism, which is central to LLMs.

1. Core Ideas: The history of LLMs includes foundational ideas such as distributed representations and the attention mechanism, which were crucial for advancements in natural language processing (NLP).

2. Attention Mechanism: Introduced in the landmark paper "Attention is All You Need" (2017), the attention mechanism allows neural networks to focus on relevant parts of input data, leading to the creation of the transformer architecture.

3. Distributed Representations: This concept refers to representing words as vectors, allowing neural networks to generalize better and handle the complexity of language. Early work, such as Bengio et al.'s 2003 paper, demonstrated how these representations could be used in language modeling to overcome data sparsity issues.

4. Autoregressive Models: LLMs are typically autoregressive, meaning they predict the next word in a sequence based on previous words. Training involves minimizing the difference between predicted and actual sequences.

5. Challenges: The transition from earlier statistical models (like N-grams) to neural networks was slow due to the engineering challenges of training these models effectively.

Overall, the text provides a concise overview of the theoretical developments that have shaped modern LLMs, while acknowledging the complexity and rapid advancements in the field.

Summary of "CPU Cache-Friendly Data Structures in Go"

Overview

This text discusses how to enhance the performance of Go applications by optimizing data structures for modern CPU architectures. Key concepts include cache lines, false sharing, and data-oriented design, which can lead to substantial speed improvements.

Key Points

• Cache Importance: Accessing RAM is much slower than accessing CPU cache. Cache misses can slow performance by up to 60 times.
• False Sharing: This occurs when multiple CPU cores modify variables in the same cache line, leading to performance drops. Proper padding of data structures can help avoid this.
• Data Structure Design: Using data-oriented design (struct of arrays) is often more efficient than traditional object-oriented design (array of structs).
• Benchmarking: Always measure performance impacts with benchmarks, as cache effects can vary by hardware.

Performance Insights

• Cache Misses: A single cache miss can be equivalent to 60 cache hits.
• Padding Structures: Adding padding to data structures can improve performance significantly, up to 10 times in some cases.
• Access Patterns: Sequential access is friendlier to the cache than random access; using arrays over linked lists is recommended.

Optimization Techniques

• Avoid False Sharing: Use padding to keep frequently accessed variables in separate cache lines.
• Data Packing: Group related data together to minimize cache misses.
• Prefetching: Organize data access patterns to allow the CPU to preload necessary data.
• Branch Prediction: Structure code to make branches predictable for better CPU performance.

Real-World Applications

The techniques discussed can lead to significant performance gains in various applications, such as analytics pipelines, game engines, and database indexing.

Security Considerations

Optimizations should be balanced with security, particularly regarding memory alignment and potential side-channel threats.

Testing and Validation

• Use micro-benchmarks to evaluate performance improvements.
• Test across different CPU architectures to ensure optimizations are effective.

In summary, optimizing Go data structures for CPU caches is essential for achieving high-performance applications, especially as memory access speeds lag behind CPU speeds.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2025 was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her dedicated efforts to promote democratic rights in Venezuela and for her fight to achieve a fair and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.

Summary of "Voyage of the Marigold Author's Notes"

Andrew Stephens reflects on his game, "Voyage of the Marigold," released over a year ago, which is inspired by Star Trek. The game was well-received at the Spring Thing 2024 festival, earning positive reviews and nominations, even though it didn't win any major awards.

Originally conceived as a simple solo RPG on a grid, the game evolved into a computer game using a mix of the Ink language and JavaScript. The game's design features a maze-like map influenced by games like "Slay the Spire" and "FTL," with a focus on exploration.

Stephens shares that his writing style mimics the "Captain's Log" format from Star Trek, creating a historical document feel. He aimed for a balance of engaging encounters and resource management while ensuring players faced meaningful choices.

He discusses challenges during development, including creating combat mechanics inspired by old gamebooks and designing artwork despite lacking drawing skills. The game incorporates various resources, including morale and player morality, to influence gameplay.

Stephens also reveals some secrets and behind-the-scenes insights, such as the approach to puzzles and encounter design. Overall, he expresses pride in the game's unique features while acknowledging areas for improvement in future projects.

Summary of Blaze

Blaze is a high-performance full-text search engine written in Go, designed for efficiently searching through text documents without relying on external services. It features:

• Inverted Index: Quickly maps terms to their positions in documents for fast lookups.
• Skip Lists: A data structure that allows efficient O(log n) operations for searching, inserting, and deleting.
• Advanced Query Capabilities: Supports boolean queries, phrase searches, and proximity ranking using the BM25 algorithm for relevance scoring.
• Text Processing: Includes tokenization, stemming, stopword filtering, and case normalization to prepare text for searching.

Key Features:

• Search Types: Term searches, phrase searches, and boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT).
• Performance: Fast operations using roaring bitmaps and efficient ranking.
• Thread Safety: Allows concurrent indexing while ensuring data integrity.
• Serialization: Uses a compact binary format for data storage.

Installation: Install using the Go command go get github.com/wizenheimer/blaze.

Quick Start Example: A simple code snippet demonstrates how to create an inverted index, index documents, and perform a search for specific terms.

Core Concepts:

• Inverted Index: A data structure that enables quick lookups by mapping words to document locations.
• Skip Lists: Provides a way to maintain sorted data, allowing fast searches while being simpler than other tree structures.
• Text Analysis Pipeline: Processes raw text through several stages, including tokenization, lowercasing, stopword removal, length filtering, and stemming to create searchable tokens.

Overall, Blaze is a robust tool for applications needing fast and efficient text search capabilities.

No summary available.

On October 8, 2025, Mark Brittenham and Susan Hermiller published a paper revealing that the unknotting number is not additive when forming the connected sum of knots. This finding challenges a long-held conjecture in knot theory, which suggested that the unknotting number of the connected sum of two knots should equal the sum of their individual unknotting numbers.

To clarify key terms:

• A mathematical knot is a loop of string in three-dimensional space.
• An unknotting number measures how many crossings need to be changed to turn a knot into an "unknot" (a simple loop).
• A connected sum combines two knots into one by cutting and joining them.

The authors provided a specific counterexample using a (2,7) torus knot and its mirror image. While the individual unknotting numbers for these knots are both 3, their connected sum has an unknotting number of 5, which disproves the conjecture.

Chao Wang and Yimu Zhang later explored this example further, suggesting a projection with 56 crossings to demonstrate that changing five specified crossings results in an unknot. The author of the summary took on the challenge and confirmed their findings, illustrating the process of showing that the connected sum can indeed be transformed into an unknotted loop.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

You can create nice devices by hand using modeling clay instead of 3D printing.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The text describes an experience of trying to bypass Air Canada's in-flight WiFi restrictions during a long flight. The free WiFi only allowed messaging through specific apps, while full internet access required a fee. The author, curious about accessing other websites for free, partnered with a roommate who is a networking expert to explore possible methods.

Key Points:

1. WiFi Restrictions: The free WiFi service allowed only messaging apps, while full access cost CAD $30.75.
2. Initial Attempts: The author attempted to disguise the domain to bypass restrictions but found that the IP addresses were likely blocked.
3. DNS Queries: The second approach involved manipulating DNS queries, which were successful, indicating a lenient filtering policy.
4. Proxy Server Setup: They set up a proxy server on port 53, disguising it as a DNS server. This allowed them to access restricted websites.
5. Success: After several hours of effort, they successfully accessed websites like GitHub, despite the limited bandwidth of the in-flight WiFi.
6. Final Thoughts: The experience was educational and enjoyable, although they acknowledged the challenges of slow internet.

Disclaimer:

The author emphasizes that this exploration was for educational purposes and adhered to all relevant regulations and terms.

Researchers have created new bioactive nanoparticles that can reverse Alzheimer’s symptoms in mice by restoring the brain's blood-brain barrier (BBB) and clearing toxic proteins like amyloid-β (Aβ). This innovative approach, developed by a team from the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and West China Hospital Sichuan University, focuses on repairing the BBB rather than directly targeting neurons.

Key findings include:

• The nanoparticles help remove harmful waste proteins, specifically amyloid-β, which disrupt brain function in Alzheimer’s.
• In experiments, just three doses of these nanoparticles led to a 50-60% reduction in amyloid-β levels within an hour.
• Behavioral tests showed significant improvements, with treated mice exhibiting healthy behavior comparable to much younger animals.

The nanoparticles work by mimicking natural proteins that help clear amyloid-β, effectively resetting the brain's waste removal system and restoring vascular function. This research suggests that targeting vascular health could pave the way for new Alzheimer’s treatments.

The website is checking your browser. If you own the website, there is an option to click for assistance.

Tesla has started showing ads for a company called Tron: Ares inside its cars, which has upset many Tesla owners.

Summary of Composable Services Design Principle

Composable Services are small, predictable units of code that can operate independently or be linked together in workflows. Each service has a consistent interface: it receives input as a hash and returns either a Success() or Failure() result. This design promotes clarity and flexibility, allowing services to be reused and easily managed.

The services in Looping are built on a principle that ensures each one has a single responsibility and can function on its own. They follow a strict pattern, inheriting from a base class that enforces uniformity. This includes calling the service through a specific method and ensuring the result is clearly defined.

For example, in a user authentication process, three distinct services work together: one to normalize the email, another to authenticate the user, and a third to create a session. Each service operates independently but can be combined seamlessly due to their consistent structure.

Additionally, when a service runs, it records its name in a shared list, which helps track the flow of execution for better debugging and monitoring.

Overall, this approach prevents complex, tangled code by allowing developers to extract and compose services easily, ensuring better long-term maintainability and adaptability as the system evolves.

Summary of "The Debugging Book" by Andreas Zeller

"The Debugging Book" focuses on automating the process of finding and fixing software bugs. It highlights recent advancements in automated debugging techniques that significantly enhance the efficiency of error detection and resolution.

Key Features:

• Access Methods: Readers can use the book in multiple ways:

  1. Read chapters online with downloadable code.
  2. Interact with code through Jupyter Notebooks for live experimentation.
  3. Download code for personal projects.
  4. Present chapters as lecture slides.

• Target Audience: The book is intended for students and professionals in software debugging, testing, and engineering. It covers topics like fault localization, program slicing, and automated repair, with practical code examples.

• Continuous Updates: The book is a work in progress, with ongoing refinements. Readers can follow updates on Mastodon.

• Author's Background: Andreas Zeller is an expert in automated debugging and software analysis, aiming to share his knowledge widely.

• Usage in Education: The material can be used for teaching, and it allows for flexible adaptation in courses, including flipped classroom settings.

• Technical Support: Alternatives are provided for interactive notebooks in case of issues, including options for local setups or Docker.

Overall, this book serves as a comprehensive resource for learning and applying automated debugging techniques in software development.

I'm sorry, but I can't access external links or content directly. However, if you can provide the text you want summarized, I'd be happy to help!