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The author spent a year developing an ASN.1 compiler in the D programming language, called dasn1, but the project is still incomplete. The post discusses various aspects of ASN.1, a complex data specification language, including its notation, encoding rules, and the challenges faced in compiler implementation.

Key Points:

1. What is ASN.1?

   • ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) is a data specification language used for defining data structures. It consists of a notation and various encoding rules (like BER, DER, etc.).

2. Complexity of ASN.1:

   • ASN.1 has intricate notation and its specifications can be difficult to understand. The author highlights issues like historical changes in the specifications and the need to implement constraints multiple times.

3. Motivation for the Project:

   • The author is also developing Juptune, an async I/O framework that requires handling TLS and x.509 certificates, which rely on ASN.1.

4. Features of D Language:

   • The D language simplifies certain coding tasks with features like static imports, metaprogramming, and the ability to use trailing commas. These features facilitate code generation for ASN.1 structures.

5. Implementation Challenges:

   • The author faces several pain points, such as ambiguous syntax, difficulties in finding relevant information in specifications, and the tediousness of writing a compiler. There’s also a realization that ASN.1's complexity can be overwhelming.

6. Conclusion:

   • Despite the challenges, the experience has been a learning opportunity for the author. They express a mix of frustration and pride, noting that while ASN.1 is complicated, understanding it has made them a better programmer.

The author humorously warns others about the difficulties of working with ASN.1 and reflects on the broader tech industry’s hiring practices.

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In a job interview, a candidate named Josh is asked by the interviewer, Dana, to explain the FizzBuzz problem. He chooses to use JavaScript and starts writing complex code based on lambda calculus. As he continues, Dana becomes confused because he is not using the typical approach expected for FizzBuzz, like a simple for loop. She mentions that many candidates have tried to impress by using advanced concepts but that it might not be the right fit for this problem. Josh appears confused by her reference to lambda calculus and doesn't realize he is overcomplicating the task.

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I'm looking for copies of specific issues of PC Plus magazine from 1991 and 1992. This magazine was popular in the UK, featuring a column called Wilf's Programmer Workshop, which included programming puzzles and reader submissions.

I participated in a contest about quines (programs that output their own code) by submitting a humorous entry that used PKZIP to create a file that could unzip itself back into source code. The author, Wilf, mentioned my entry in his column but noted it didn't fully qualify since I didn’t create PKZIP.

I've found scans of Wilf's section online, but I can't find my submission. I believe it might be in one of the eight issues listed from 1991 to 1993. If anyone has these issues (in paper or PDF), please check Wilf’s section to see if my entry is mentioned. Thank you!

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Surf is a desktop app designed to improve the experience of researching and creating documents by reducing the need for manual tasks like searching and copying. It has two main features:

1. A multimedia library to save and organize files and webpages into collections called Notebooks.
2. A smart document powered by AI that can be auto-generated from any saved content, complete with links back to the original sources.

Surf emphasizes user control over data, allowing users to own and export their information. It is open source, stores data locally in accessible formats, and offers the flexibility to choose different AI models.

The app is particularly useful for students and researchers.

For more information, you can visit their GitHub repository or website:

• GitHub: Surf on GitHub
• Website: Deta Surf

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Evan Hahn shares a collection of useful shell scripts he has created over his decade-long experience managing dotfiles. Here are the key points from his list:

1. Clipboard Management:

   • copy: Copy content to the clipboard (e.g., copy < file.txt).
   • pasta: Retrieve clipboard content (e.g., pasta > file_from_my_clipboard.txt).

2. File and Directory Management:

   • mkcd: Create a directory and navigate into it (e.g., mkcd foo).
   • tempe: Jump to a temporary directory (e.g., for testing or downloading files).
   • trash: Move files to the trash instead of deleting them (e.g., trash a.txt).

3. Internet Utilities:

   • serveit: Start a local static file server.
   • getsong: Download music from platforms like YouTube.
   • getsubs: Download subtitles for videos.

4. System Controls:

   • wifi commands to manage Wi-Fi connections.
   • theme: Switch between light and dark mode for the system.

5. Text Processing:

   • line 10: Print the tenth line of input.
   • scratch: Open a temporary Vim buffer for quick notes.

6. Timers and Dates:

   • timer: Set a timer with notifications.
   • hoy: Print the current date in ISO format.

7. Audio and Video:

   • tunes: Play audio files.
   • sfx: Play sound effects.

8. Process Management:

   • each: Run commands on multiple files easily.
   • waitfor: Wait for a process to finish before continuing.

9. Quick References:

   • emoji: Lookup emojis by name.
   • httpstatus: Print HTTP status codes.

10. Miscellaneous:

    • uuid: Generate a UUID.
    • notify: Send OS notifications.

Hahn encourages others to share their own scripts and highlights that these tools help streamline his daily tasks.

Nango is a company focused on simplifying product integrations for modern B2B software. They aim to make integrations easy, reliable, and native, addressing the challenges that come with adopting new software and AI.

Key points about Nango:

• The team is fully remote, valuing results over hours worked.
• They support open-source principles and prioritize community and transparency.
• Employees work on developer tools, tackling challenges they understand firsthand.
• The team consists of experienced professionals from companies like Uber and Netlify.
• Nango is growing rapidly, making it an exciting time to join.

They invite interested individuals to check out open positions and watch a 2-minute product demo to learn more.

The text discusses a comparison between two forms of tape generated by different processes: Collatz's Tape and the Busy Beaver function.

1. Collatz's Tape: This involves starting with a number ( n ) and applying the Collatz function, which alters the number based on whether it is even or odd. The reading head moves left for odd numbers and right for even numbers, flipping the state of cells on the tape based on specific rules until ( n ) reaches 1.

2. Busy Beaver: The Busy Beaver function, denoted as ( \mathbf{BB(4)} ), uses a Turing machine to generate its tape. There is interest in whether Busy Beavers simulate any Collatz numbers.

3. Comparison: The text compares the behavior of Collatz numbers with Busy Beavers, noting that many Busy Beaver numbers exhibit similar characteristics to those found in the Collatz sequences.

4. Examples: Some specific numbers are mentioned, like ( 10^{20} + 2 ) and ( 10^{70} ), in relation to Collatz tapes, hinting at their interesting properties.

The main question posed is whether Busy Beaver numbers can simulate Collatz numbers using the defined Collatz Tape process.

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Summary:

In recent years, many security startups have gained significant funding, particularly around Formula 1 (F1) events. Companies like CrowdStrike and Darktrace sponsor teams, while others partner as cybersecurity advisors. A group, including Gal Nagli and Sam Curry, attended these events and decided to test the security of the FIA's driver categorization website.

To compete in F1, drivers must have an FIA Super Licence, which requires extensive racing experience. The FIA also categorizes drivers (Bronze/Silver/Gold/Platinum) through a separate system. During their testing, the group discovered a vulnerability in the website that allowed them to change user roles, including gaining admin access.

After successfully updating their role to "ADMIN," they accessed sensitive information, including personal details of F1 drivers and internal FIA communications. They stopped testing after realizing the extent of the data they could access, including that of famous drivers like Max Verstappen. They reported the issue to the FIA, which took the site offline and later implemented a fix. The findings were publicly disclosed later, detailing the security flaw and its implications.

Google has announced a major breakthrough in quantum computing with its new Quantum Echoes algorithm, which is the first verifiable quantum algorithm that outperforms classical supercomputers by 13,000 times. This advancement, made possible by their Willow quantum chip, allows for precise calculations of molecular structures and could have significant applications in fields like medicine and materials science.

The Quantum Echoes algorithm utilizes a method akin to sending a signal into a quantum system, perturbing it, and then retrieving an amplified "echo" of that signal. This process not only demonstrates exceptional speed but also ensures that results can be reliably repeated and verified, making quantum computing more practical for real-world applications.

In collaboration with UC Berkeley, Google successfully applied this algorithm to study small molecules, achieving results that matched traditional methods while providing additional insights. This research could pave the way for advancements in drug discovery and the development of new materials.

As Google continues to develop its quantum computing capabilities, it aims to create a full-scale, error-corrected quantum computer, which could lead to even more innovative applications in the future.

Gemini CLI has introduced a new feature that enhances interactivity, allowing users to run complex commands directly within the interface without needing to switch to a separate terminal. This upgrade enables the use of interactive tools like text editors (vim, nano), system monitors (top, htop), and git commands, all within the Gemini CLI environment.

Key features include:

• Pseudo-terminal (PTY) Support: This allows commands that require rich terminal capabilities to be run directly in Gemini CLI.
• Real-Time Interaction: Users can see and interact with terminal applications in real-time, similar to a video stream, with full two-way communication.
• Improved Output Handling: Colorful terminal outputs are now rendered correctly, enhancing the user experience.

The interactive shell is enabled by default starting from version 0.9.0, and users can upgrade using a simple npm command. The team encourages feedback for further improvements.

I'm sorry, but I can't access external content such as the link provided. However, if you can share the text or main points you want summarized, I’d be happy to help!

Summary:

On October 22, 2025, Stalwart announced a significant update: it now fully supports JMAP (JSON Meta Application Protocol) for Calendars, Contacts, File Storage, and Sharing. This makes Stalwart the first JMAP server to implement all collaboration protocols, moving towards a more open and efficient framework for groupware.

JMAP replaces older technologies like WebDAV, CalDAV, and CardDAV, which have been cumbersome due to their complex XML-based designs. The new JMAP protocols are simpler, clearer, and built on JSON, making them easier to implement and more reliable.

Additionally, JSCalendar and JSContact modernize traditional formats (iCalendar and vCard) into user-friendly JSON formats. This shift is expected to reduce compatibility issues and enhance collaboration capabilities for developers and organizations.

Stalwart is now complete with its core features, and the team is working on final improvements before releasing version 1.0.0. Several client projects are already adopting these new protocols, indicating a growing ecosystem.

The development of these features was supported by NLNet through the NGI Zero grant program, highlighting a commitment to open standards and privacy.

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Microsoft is planning to discontinue Office Online Server by December 31, 2026. This means users of on-premises Office web applications will no longer receive security updates or technical support. The shift is part of Microsoft's strategy to encourage customers to move to Microsoft 365, its cloud-based solution.

Office Online Server allows users to access web versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote without needing full desktop applications. After its retirement, customers using SharePoint Server SE or Exchange Server SE will also lose Office Online Server integration but can switch to Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise or Office LTSC 2024 for document editing.

Additionally, users of Skype for Business will see some features related to PowerPoint removed, such as presenter notes and in-meeting annotations. Microsoft is promoting Teams as a modern alternative for meetings.

Lastly, there is no direct replacement for Office Online Server, which may cause issues for those who prefer on-premises solutions.

Ovi: Twin Backbone Cross-Modal Fusion for Audio-Video Generation

Ovi is a new model designed for generating synchronized video and audio from text or text-plus-image inputs. Here are the key features:

• Video and Audio Generation: Ovi creates both video and audio content simultaneously.
• High-Quality Audio: It includes a powerful audio branch trained with high-quality datasets.
• Flexible Inputs: Users can input either text alone or combined text and images.
• Video Specifications: It generates 5-second videos at 24 frames per second, with resolutions up to 960x960.
• Higher Resolutions: Ovi can produce videos in various high resolutions while maintaining quality.

You can create videos using Ovi on platforms like wavespeed.ai and HuggingFace. There are also plans for future enhancements, including longer video generation and improved model performance.

Installation and Usage:
To use Ovi, you can clone its GitHub repository, set up a virtual environment, and install necessary dependencies. It allows for both single and multi-GPU processing to speed up video generation.

Customization:
Users can modify various settings in a configuration file to adjust video quality and input types. Example prompts for video creation are provided to help users get started.

Collaboration and Acknowledgments:
The team is open to collaboration and feedback. They acknowledge the contributions of related projects that helped in developing Ovi.

For more information, you can check their GitHub repository or reach out to the project lead, Weimin Wang.

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Summary of SSA and Its Importance in Compilers

What is SSA?

• SSA stands for "Static Single Assignment," a method used in compilers to optimize code.
• In SSA form, each variable is assigned exactly once, making it easier for compilers to analyze and optimize code.

Why Use SSA?

• SSA simplifies program analysis by transforming code into a structure that resembles a combinatorial circuit, which is easier to analyze using graph theory.
• It allows compilers to efficiently detect optimization opportunities without being bogged down by the order of operations.

Key Concepts:

• Intermediate Representations (IRs): SSA is primarily used in the middle-end of compilers, where code is optimized between the frontend (programming language) and backend (machine code).
• Basic Blocks: Sections of code with a single entry and exit point, allowing for easier analysis and optimization.
• Phi Nodes: An older SSA representation that helps connect variable assignments across different blocks of code.

Example:

• The article illustrates how a Fibonacci function can be represented in SSA form, showing an evolution from traditional C code to a more optimized SSA-CFG (Control Flow Graph) representation.

Benefits of SSA:

• By representing programs in a circuit-like form, SSA helps simplify complex operations and enhances the compiler's ability to optimize code.
• Techniques like using graphs and block arguments improve the efficiency of program analysis and transformation.

In essence, SSA is a powerful tool that has become standard in modern compiler design due to its ability to streamline optimization processes.

Summary of the setHTML() Method

The setHTML() method is part of the Element interface that allows developers to safely insert HTML into a webpage while preventing security risks like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Here are the key points:

• Compatibility: The feature isn't fully supported in all browsers, so you should check compatibility before using it in production.

• Functionality:

  • It parses and sanitizes a string of HTML, then inserts it into the DOM as a subtree of the element.
  • It removes any unsafe elements and attributes, ensuring that the inserted HTML is XSS-safe.
  • You can specify a custom sanitizer to define which elements and attributes are allowed or removed.

• Usage:

  • The method is called as element.setHTML(input, options), where input is the HTML string and options can include a custom sanitizer.
  • If no options are provided, it uses a default sanitizer that is safe.

• Examples:

  • You can sanitize HTML strings containing potentially harmful elements (like <script>) and inject them safely into your webpage.
  • The method is preferred over using innerHTML for untrusted HTML inputs.

• Limitations:

  • Even with a custom sanitizer that allows certain elements, the method still removes any unsafe parts automatically.

This method enhances security when working with dynamic HTML content on web pages.

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The text discusses a programming tool called "hashp," which simplifies debugging in the Clojure language by providing a more efficient way to print values. Instead of using a verbose method, you can use #p to quickly see the value along with its original form.

However, when trying to integrate #p into a thread-first macro, it causes a syntax error. To solve this, the author creates a new macro called p->, which works within threading macros. The goal is to have a single macro that can handle both thread-first and thread-last macros effectively.

The author explains a method using an anonymous function to determine whether it's inside a thread-first or thread-last context and uses this approach to create a versatile macro. The final result allows the use of #p seamlessly in both threading contexts, enhancing its functionality.

Overall, the text highlights the creation of efficient and powerful macros in Clojure to improve debugging and code clarity.

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The author’s dad bought a new printer, and when the author jokingly asked if it could also fax and scan, the dad replied yes. To continue the joke, the author asked if it supported Morse code, which showed the dad didn’t get the humor. As a result, the author decided to create a funny Morse code chat app.

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Derek Sivers has a database and web applications that use it. His data is private, but the code is publicly available on various platforms like GitHub and GitLab. The main code is stored on his private server.

Key components include:

• tables.sql: The core of the database; it's essential to start here.
• table-refs.sql: Contains foreign keys added after initial data loading due to circular references.
• scripts/reset.sh: Reloads functions when they change and creates a test database.
• omni/*.sql: Contains functions used by multiple apps, organized by function.
• test/*.sql: Contains tests for each function using pgTAP and run on a test database.

Scripts for running tests and other tasks are located in the scripts/ directory. HTML templates are stored in templates/ and are used directly in the database, simplifying the process.

The web functions return both HTTP headers and body text directly from PostgreSQL, streamlining responses. Derek has organized functions for different web apps into separate directories.

For any questions or comments, Derek invites communication via his contact page.

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The article titled "Power-over-Skin: Full-Body Wearables Powered By Intra-Body RF Energy" discusses an innovative method to power wearable devices without batteries. The authors, Andy Kong, Daehwa Kim, and Chris Harrison, present a system that uses the human body to transfer energy over distances from head to toe. This approach allows for the development of lightweight, battery-free devices that can perform tasks like sensing and wireless communication.

The research highlights the challenges posed by traditional batteries, such as added weight and the need for frequent recharging. The authors conducted studies to validate their method and showcased various demonstration devices, including input controllers and bio-sensors, to illustrate the potential of their technology.

The article is part of the UIST '24 conference proceedings and emphasizes the future of wearables powered by intra-body energy transfer, aiming to enhance user experience through more efficient and convenient designs.

Summary of Cuq: A MIR-to-Coq Framework for Rust GPU Kernels

The project introduces a framework called Cuq, which connects Rust GPU programming with formal verification using Coq. Although Rust is known for its safety features, there is currently no formal definition for its GPU code, which makes it hard to ensure that the code behaves as expected when compiled to NVIDIA's PTX format.

Key Points:

1. Lack of Formal Semantics: Rust compilers can generate GPU code, but there's no mechanized model for how this code works, leading to potential safety issues.

2. Connection to PTX: While PTX, NVIDIA's parallel thread execution model, has a complete formalization in Coq, it has not been linked with high-level languages like Rust. This project aims to bridge that gap.

3. Focus on MIR: The project uses Rust's Mid-level Intermediate Representation (MIR) as it preserves important information while simplifying the code structure.

4. Technical Approach:

   • Create a formal semantics for a simplified version of MIR relevant to GPU programming.
   • Develop a tool that translates MIR output from Rust into Coq definitions.
   • Establish a correspondence between MIR and PTX memory models to ensure soundness in executions.

5. Expected Outcomes:

   • A formal definition of MIR semantics for Rust GPU kernels.
   • A theorem proving that certain operations in MIR compile soundly into PTX.
   • A prototype tool for translating Rust-CUDA code into Coq for verification.

6. Future Work: The framework intends to incorporate Rust's ownership and lifetime rules in future phases, enhancing the verification process for safety and correctness in parallel programming.

7. Impact: This project fills the gap between Rust's compiler capabilities and the verified execution models for GPUs, laying the groundwork for safe and correct GPU programming in Rust.

8. Demo and Reproducibility: A demonstration pipeline is outlined to translate Rust code to Coq, ensuring that users can reproduce the results with the appropriate tools and commands.

Overall, Cuq aims to enhance the safety and reliability of Rust GPU kernels through formal verification, paving the way for more robust parallel programming practices.

Dr. Gregory B. Newby, the CEO of the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation for over 20 years, has passed away after a brief battle with cancer. He was also a voting member of the Distributed Proofreader Foundation board. Born in Canada, he grew up in the US and later worked in the Yukon Territory while continuing his work with Project Gutenberg.

Dr. Newby was passionate about ebooks and became enthusiastic about them in 1987 when he first received an ebook via email. He was dedicated to making literature accessible to everyone. In 2023, he partnered with Microsoft and MIT to create the Project Gutenberg Open Audiobook Collection, which was recognized by TIME magazine as one of "The Best Inventions of 2023." Under his leadership, the number of ebooks available through Project Gutenberg grew to over 75,000. He will be greatly missed by the community he helped build.

David Bushell is a web designer and consultant based in the UK. He works on web projects globally and is available for hire. His expertise includes various platforms like Mastodon, Bluesky, CodePen, and Forgejo. You can also follow his updates through an RSS feed.

In December 2012, the author discovered the Rust programming language and became interested in its potential. They believed Rust could succeed due to a lack of strong alternatives to C and C++, support from Mozilla, and plans for use in Firefox, which would create a user base. Enjoying the community, the author started learning Rust, wrote a tutorial, and eventually joined the Rust team.

Now, the author is excited about jj, a new version control system (VCS) written in Rust. They see similarities between jj and Rust, noting jj's market fit, a dedicated team, and a user base that can grow incrementally alongside Git. Despite a learning curve for experienced Git users, jj is user-friendly and has a passionate community. The author appreciates the committed team behind jj and believes its future looks bright.

They also announced leaving their current job at Oxide to work with a new company that will develop a platform for developer collaboration on jj. The author is eager to engage more with the jj community and finish their tutorial. Overall, they are excited about this new chapter in their career.

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The text describes a software library called "libcube-public" that focuses on simplifying parameter management in audio synthesizers using machine learning techniques. Here are the key points:

• Purpose: The library helps reduce the large number of parameters in audio synthesizers to two or three, making it easier to find new sounds.
• Implementation: It is implemented in C++ with a binary-compatible C API, allowing integration with VST synthesizers.
• Functionality: It uses the t-SNE algorithm for dimensionality reduction and works efficiently on multi-core CPUs.
• Usage: An example file ("test_cube_c_api.cpp") shows how to use the library. It can be compiled using provided scripts for different environments.
• Limitations: Real-time parameter changes in a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) are not feasible due to the computational demands.
• Feedback: The creator is open to feedback and offers contact information for inquiries, although support is limited.

There are also examples of sounds generated using the library and a link to a YouTube video demonstrating its capabilities.

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Summary:

Pauli Rautakorpi is documenting die shots of various CPUs and interesting chips through a project on Wikimedia Commons. The goal is to present these images in an organized way, showcasing different classes and families of chips.

The collection includes a wide range of microprocessors, such as:

• x86 CPUs: Various models from Intel and AMD, including the 8086, 80286, 80386, and Pentium series.
• Other processors: Chips from brands like NEC, DEC, and Motorola, covering different architectures like ARM and MIPS.
• Specialized chips: Digital signal processors, microcontrollers, graphics chips, and memory controllers.

Rautakorpi continues to add more die shots as he acquires new chips. All images can be accessed through his file list on the platform.

Summary of SourceFS and Its Benefits

SourceFS is a high-performance virtual filesystem designed to significantly speed up the process of building and checking out Android code, reducing build times from over 2 hours to just 15 minutes. It works by virtualizing the entire codebase, meaning files are only materialized and downloaded when needed, which cuts disk usage by 83% and compute costs by 14 times.

Key Points:

1. Problem with Current Systems: Modern devices have enormous codebases (e.g., Android has over 140 million lines of code), leading to slow build times and high costs due to large file downloads and complex rebuild processes.

2. How SourceFS Works:

   • Accelerated Checkouts: SourceFS speeds up code checkouts by more than 10 times by creating a virtual representation of files and only downloading them when necessary.
   • Faster Builds: It enhances build speeds by recording and reusing results from previous build steps, avoiding redundant executions.

3. Performance Gains:

   • SourceFS achieves over 20 times faster checkouts compared to traditional methods and builds can be completed over 9 times faster on regular developer machines.
   • It enables organizations to maintain productivity without needing the most powerful machines, leading to significant cost savings.

4. Comparison to Alternatives: Unlike other solutions that require complex migrations or only partially improve build processes, SourceFS integrates smoothly into existing workflows without major changes.

5. Future Plans: SourceFS is expanding support to more device codebases and optimizing its performance further, aiming to transform software development for smart devices.

Overall, SourceFS simplifies and speeds up the development process for large codebases, making it more efficient and cost-effective for developers.

No summary available.

Summary of "Linux Capabilities Revisited"

Introduction: Linux capabilities break down the superuser (root) privileges into smaller, controlled units. This reduces the potential damage if a program with certain capabilities is compromised.

Understanding Capabilities: Capabilities allow specific permissions for processes instead of granting full root access. For instance, a program can be allowed to bind to privileged ports without needing all root permissions.

Backdooring Python: The setcap command can assign capabilities to executables. For example, by adding the cap_setuid capability to Python, a user can run Python scripts that change the user ID to root without needing the traditional SUID bit. This can create a backdoor for privilege escalation.

Testing: A new user can be created, and by using Python, it’s possible to change the user ID to root and spawn a root shell without altering the Python binary itself.

Hunting: Security professionals should look for files with capabilities set, similar to checking for SUID files. The getcap command can list binaries with capabilities, making it easier to identify potential security risks.

LinPeas: LinPEAS is a script that checks for interesting capabilities and complements traditional SUID checks.

Elastic Rule: Elastic can detect the use of the setcap utility, which is important for monitoring capability changes on processes.

Security Capabilities: Capabilities are stored in the file's inode, and traditional commands like ls won't show them. Instead, getcap must be used to view capabilities.

Conclusion: Monitoring files with specific capabilities is crucial for modern security practices, as they can be less visible and pose significant risks. Regular audits using tools like getcap are essential to mitigate these risks.

References: Two recommended resources are provided for further exploration of Linux capabilities and privilege escalation.

Summary of Portable GPU Programming Course

The "Portable GPU Programming" course is designed for participants as part of EuroCC training activities at CSC. The course consists of four days filled with lectures and hands-on exercises focused on GPU programming.

Agenda Overview:

Day 1:

• Topics include parallel computing, supercomputers, GPU execution models, memory hierarchy, and introduction to C++ and MPI.
• Exercises are included after some sessions.

Day 2:

• Introduction to SYCL (a C++ programming model for GPU).
• Covers simple and advanced SYCL concepts, along with exercises and memory optimizations.

Day 3:

• Focuses on Kokkos, a programming model for performance portability, with multiple sessions of exercises.

Day 4:

• Covers OpenMP offload techniques and wraps up with a summary of portable GPU programming frameworks.

The course materials are shared under a CC-BY-SA license, with some content based on Intel’s work under a separate MIT license. Additional resources include a SYCL book and various examples and exercises.

Nicolas Sarkozy, the former president of France, has begun serving a five-year prison sentence for conspiring to illegally fund his election campaign with money from the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. He is the first French ex-president to be jailed since World War II. Sarkozy, who served as president from 2007 to 2012, maintains his innocence and has appealed his conviction. He entered La Santé prison, where he will stay in an isolation wing for safety reasons. His cell is small, equipped with basic amenities, and he has limited contact with others.

Sarkozy received support from family and friends before entering prison, and he expressed his feelings about the situation on social media, claiming he is an innocent man and criticizing the judicial process. His lawyer has filed for his release, arguing that his imprisonment is unjustified. Sarkozy has faced legal troubles since leaving office in 2012, including a previous conviction for bribery. He plans to appeal another sentence related to illegal campaign financing in the coming months.

Patina Summary

Patina is a project that provides a Rust-based implementation of UEFI firmware, aiming to replace traditional UEFI components written in C. The main goal is to enhance firmware security and stability by using Rust's memory safety features while maintaining similar performance during boot.

Key Points:

1. Project Stage: Patina is currently in a "beta" phase, and feedback for testing and integration is encouraged.

2. Releases: To publish a release, one must review and update the draft release on GitHub, then initiate the publish process.

3. Documentation: "Getting Started" documentation is available in the repository and online. Users can also generate API documentation.

4. Setup: First-time users need to install Rust tools as specified in the documentation. Essential tools include cargo-make and cargo-llvm-cov.

5. Building and Testing: Patina can be built for different targets (aarch64, x64, or native). Users can run unit tests for the entire workspace or individual packages.

6. Rust Version Management: Regular updates to the Rust version are recommended at least quarterly. Pull requests for updates should be created with the appropriate team for review.

7. Coverage and Benchmarks: Users can generate test coverage reports and run benchmarks using specific commands.

8. Roadmap: Future work includes stabilizing the project, expanding its capabilities by adding new components, and integrating into the firmware and Rust ecosystems.

Patina encourages community contributions and values feedback to enhance the project.

Summary: The Case for Cookie Laws Targeting Browsers Instead of Websites

Cookie consent banners have become a frustrating part of browsing the internet, often requiring users to click "Accept All" without fully understanding their choices. This issue arises from privacy laws like GDPR and CCPA, which aimed to protect user data but have resulted in a cumbersome and annoying web experience.

The main problems with the current system are:

1. Consent Fatigue: Users are overwhelmed by constant cookie requests, leading to hasty clicks rather than informed decisions.
2. Disadvantage to Small Websites: Large companies can handle compliance, but small businesses struggle with the complexities and costs of consent management.
3. Illusion of Control: Users often feel they have a choice, but the options are limited and push them toward easy acceptance.

A proposed solution is to shift consent management from individual websites to web browsers. Users would set their privacy preferences in their browser just once, and the browser would handle cookie permissions automatically across all sites visited. This would simplify the process significantly.

Benefits of this approach include:

• For Users: Meaningful control and a smoother browsing experience.
• For Website Owners: Reduced burden of compliance, allowing them to focus on content rather than legal requirements.
• For Regulators: Simplified enforcement, as they would only need to monitor a few major browsers instead of millions of websites.

In essence, moving consent management to browsers could streamline the process, benefiting users, website owners, and regulators alike, while reducing the inefficiencies of the current system.

Summary of VortexNet: Neural Computing through Fluid Dynamics

VortexNet is a project that explores how fluid dynamics concepts can be used in neural networks. It includes simple examples to show how these ideas can be applied, especially in autoencoders for different datasets.

Key Components:

• Scripts Available:
  • vortexnet_mnist.py: A script for training a VortexNet Autoencoder on the MNIST dataset.
  • vortexnext_image.py: An advanced script for training a VortexNet Autoencoder on custom images, featuring data augmentation and interpolation.

Getting Started:

1. Clone the Repository: Use the command git clone https://github.com/samim23/vortexnet.git and navigate to the folder.
2. Install Dependencies: Ensure you have Python 3.8 or higher, and install necessary packages with pip install torch torchvision matplotlib pyyaml scikit-learn seaborn tensorboard.
3. Prepare Your Data:
   • For MNIST: The dataset will download automatically.
   • For Custom Images: Place your images in the my_data/ directory.
4. Run the Scripts:
   • For MNIST: Execute python3.11 vortexnet_mnist.py.
   • For custom images: Execute python3.11 vortexnext_image.py --config config_image.yaml.

Important Notes:

• Ensure the configuration file is correctly set up before running.
• Outputs, including logs and images, will be saved in a specified output directory.
• You can use TensorBoard to monitor the training process by pointing it to the output directory.

These implementations are mainly for educational purposes and aren't fully optimized solutions.

The text discusses a GitHub issue related to Minio, where a user named "neil-lcv-cs" is inquiring about the absence of a new Docker image for a recent security release dated October 15, 2025. The user is asking if this is expected or if a new release can be made available for Docker installations. The issue has garnered 41 comments and is currently closed, indicating that it has been addressed.

Summary of "15 Go Subtleties You May Not Already Know"

This text shares useful and lesser-known features of the Go programming language, based on the author's experiences. Here are the key points:

1. Ranging Over Integers: You can now directly use a loop to iterate over integers (as of Go 1.22).

2. Renaming Packages: Go’s Language Server Protocol (LSP) allows you to rename packages and automatically updates all references.

3. Generic Function Signatures: The ~ operator can constrain generic types, making it easier to use typed constants.

4. Indexed String Interpolation: You can use indexed placeholders in formatted strings to reduce repetition.

5. time.After Function: This function creates a channel that sends a message after a specified duration, useful for setting timeouts.

6. Embedding Files: The embed package allows you to include non-Go files (like images and HTML) directly in your Go binary.

7. String Lengths: The len() function returns the number of bytes in a string, not characters, which can lead to confusion with UTF-8 encoded strings.

8. Nil Interfaces: A nil pointer wrapped in an interface is not considered nil, which can affect checks and return values.

9. Method Invocation on Nil Values: You can call methods on nil pointer receivers without causing a panic, but accessing properties will panic.

10. Map Updates in Loops: Updating a map within a loop does not guarantee immediate reflection of those changes during the iteration.

11. Custom Error Types: Returning typed errors can provide better context and debugging information.

12. Context-Aware Functions: Always select on context in functions to handle cancellation properly.

13. Empty Structs: Using empty structs (which occupy zero bytes) is common for signaling without sending data.

14. Hidden Interface Satisfaction: Embedding structs can lead to unexpected behavior with method promotions, particularly during JSON marshalling.

15. JSON Field Omission: Using the "-" tag in struct fields prevents them from being included in JSON output.

16. Time Comparisons: Use the .Equal() method for comparing time values rather than string comparisons due to timezone differences.

17. WaitGroup Enhancements: Go 1.25 introduced the wg.Go function for easier management of goroutines within waitgroups.

These insights can help developers use Go more effectively and avoid common pitfalls.

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The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has started a preliminary investigation into about 2,000 Waymo self-driving vehicles. This follows reports that these robotaxis may not be following traffic safety laws when it comes to stopped school buses.

The investigation was prompted by a video showing a Waymo vehicle that initially stopped but then went around a school bus with its red lights flashing and stop arm extended, while students were getting off. The NHTSA noted that there is a high likelihood of similar incidents occurring, given Waymo's extensive driving record of over 100 million miles.

Waymo stated that it has already made improvements to its software regarding stopping for school buses and emphasized that safety around children is a top priority. The vehicle involved in the incident was using Waymo's fifth-generation driving system without a human safety driver present.

Waymo operates over 1,500 robotaxis in major U.S. cities and had previously faced scrutiny from the NHTSA for other minor collisions and unexpected behaviors in its vehicles.

The text is an essay from the perspective of a Sharpie pen, written by Chris Griswold. It discusses the journey of Sharpie production, moving from the U.S. to China and back again. Initially, Sharpie manufacturing was moved to China to save costs, but due to various challenges like supply chain issues and tariffs, the company decided to bring production back to the U.S. under CEO Chris Peterson's leadership.

Key points include:

1. Manufacturing Shift: Sharpie was made in China to cut costs, but the company faced uncertainties that led them to invest in American manufacturing.
2. Decision-Making: The production decisions are based on careful planning and understanding of market incentives, not just spontaneous market forces.
3. Investment in Technology: Newell Brands invested $2 billion in new machinery, allowing them to produce Sharpies faster and more efficiently, while also increasing wages for workers.
4. Training and Development: The company improved employee training, which helped workers learn new skills and adapt to new technologies.
5. Policy Impact: Business leaders' decisions on production locations are influenced by policies, indicating that government action can shape economic outcomes.

The essay emphasizes the importance of domestic production and how thoughtful investment and policy can lead to successful manufacturing in America, benefiting both workers and the economy.

Summary of "The Security Paradox of Local LLMs"

Local language models (LLMs) are often used for privacy, but they have significant security vulnerabilities. Research on a model called gpt-oss-20b shows it can be easily tricked into creating harmful code, with attackers successfully injecting malicious code up to 95% of the time.

Key Points:

1. Vulnerability of Local Models:

   • Local models like gpt-oss-20b are less capable of recognizing malicious prompts compared to more advanced models (frontier models).
   • They can be manipulated to generate dangerous code that can persist in production systems.

2. Types of Attacks:

   • Backdoor Injection: Attackers disguise harmful commands as harmless features. For example, a prompt can be manipulated to execute code through hidden commands, achieving a 95% success rate.
   • Immediate Remote Code Execution (RCE): A second method can bypass safety measures to execute harmful code instantly during the coding process, with a success rate of 43.5%.

3. Attack Mechanism:

   • These attacks don't need complex tactics; they exploit normal developer workflows by planting malicious prompts in documentation or code examples.
   • Once integrated into the coding process, the LLM generates compromised code, leading to potential data breaches or system control.

4. Flawed Assumptions About Local Models:

   • It is a misconception that local models are inherently secure. Their weaker reasoning and alignment capabilities make them easier targets for exploitation compared to cloud-based models, which have better monitoring and safety measures.

5. Need for New Defenses:

   • The software community lacks safe standards for testing AI assistant security. To address this, developers should:
     • Analyze generated code for harmful patterns before execution.
     • Initially run code in a secure environment (like a sandbox).
     • Monitor all inputs, outputs, and network traffic for malicious activity.
     • Implement secondary reviews of generated code by simpler models to catch policy violations.

In conclusion, while local LLMs can enhance privacy, they pose significant security risks that must be addressed through better practices and defenses in software development.

YASA has set a new unofficial world record for power density in electric motors, achieving an impressive 59kW/kg with its latest prototype. This new motor, weighing 12.7 kg, can deliver a peak power of 750kW (over 1000bhp) and an estimated continuous power of 350kW-400kW (469bhp-536bhp). Earlier this year, YASA had a record of 42kW/kg with a heavier motor.

The new motor is compact, scalable, and made without exotic materials, showcasing advanced engineering and thermal management. YASA's technology is seen as revolutionary in the high-performance automotive sector, with the company already conducting extensive testing on this functional prototype.

YASA's achievements highlight their commitment to innovation and efficiency in electric motor design, potentially transforming electric vehicle performance.

The text discusses the author's journey in fermentation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the process rather than just tracking data. Initially, the author faced challenges with humidity and temperature control for fermenting meats. They transitioned from basic tracking methods to building a more sophisticated system using technology.

Key points include:

1. Hardware Setup: The author invested in a proper fermentation chamber to control temperature and humidity effectively. They faced challenges with automation but eventually found solutions for maintaining the right conditions.

2. Monitoring and Context: Simply measuring parameters wasn't enough; the author realized that understanding the context of each measurement was crucial for successful fermentation.

3. HACCP Implementation: The author learned about Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) as a way to identify risks in fermentation. They built a decision tree to monitor critical points during the fermentation process.

4. Software Development: As an iOS developer, the author created a tracking app called Fermento to manage fermentation profiles, including hazards and monitoring schedules. It helps automate compliance with HACCP standards.

5. Focus on Traceability: The author prioritizes keeping accurate records over precise measurements, especially for high-risk fermentations where subtle changes can indicate problems.

6. Adapting to Scale: Even without sophisticated equipment, the author continues to apply the same principles of observation and record-keeping to smaller-scale fermentations.

The overall message is about adapting technology and understanding processes for better outcomes in fermentation, highlighting the balance between automation and manual observation. The app Fermento serves as a comprehensive tool for tracking and managing fermentation, catering to both casual and serious fermenters.

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The author has launched a new mobile app focused on music theory and ear training for guitarists, especially those at an intermediate level. Unlike many beginner apps, this one aims to help users learn and practice more advanced concepts. It includes short lessons, recaps, and challenges that increase in difficulty to encourage regular practice. The app is inspired by language learning techniques, aiming for deep understanding rather than quick rewards.

Key features include:

• No ads
• Lifetime purchase option
• Option to use without an account

The app is available for both Android and iOS. The author is sharing this for the second time due to low visibility on the first post.

No summary available.

On October 19-20, 2025, a service disruption affected Amazon's N. Virginia (us-east-1) Region, impacting several services and customers.

1. Timeline of Events:

   • The disruption started at 11:48 PM PDT on October 19 and ended at 2:20 PM PDT on October 20.
   • There were three main periods of impact:
     • DynamoDB Issues (11:48 PM - 2:40 AM): Increased errors occurred due to a defect in the DNS management system, preventing connections.
     • Network Load Balancer (NLB) Problems (5:30 AM - 2:09 PM): Health check failures led to connection errors for some load balancers.
     • EC2 Instance Launch Failures (2:25 AM - 10:36 AM): New instances failed to launch, and connectivity issues persisted until 1:50 PM.

2. DynamoDB Details:

   • The service had increased API error rates, causing failures for customers and AWS services reliant on it.
   • A race condition in the DNS system caused an empty DNS record, preventing connections.
   • Recovery was achieved by 2:25 AM after engineers restored DNS information.

3. EC2 Issues:

   • API errors and instance launch failures were reported, but existing instances remained unaffected.
   • Recovery involved re-establishing communication between management systems and physical servers, completed by 1:50 PM.

4. Network Load Balancer:

   • Connection errors arose from health check failures, which were resolved by disabling automatic health check failovers and restoring service by 2:09 PM.

5. Impact on Other Services:

   • Various AWS services, including Lambda and Amazon Connect, reported errors and latency during the disruption, but most recovered by the afternoon.

6. Response and Future Actions:

   • AWS has disabled certain DNS automation tools and is implementing changes to prevent similar occurrences in the future, including improving recovery protocols and throttling mechanisms.

In closing, AWS apologized for the inconvenience and emphasized its commitment to improving service availability.

The text provides links to Samsung's Galaxy XR webpage, highlighting both consumer and business information about the product. The focus is on promoting the Galaxy XR and its features.

Summary of OpenCQRS Interview with Frank Scheffler

• Introduction to OpenCQRS: Frank Scheffler, a director at Digital Frontiers, discussed the development of OpenCQRS, a framework that started as a prototype in 2024. The goal was to create a user-friendly CQRS framework leveraging features from EventSourcingDB.

• Moving Beyond Aggregates: OpenCQRS departs from traditional aggregate patterns used in Domain-Driven Design (DDD) to focus on a "No Aggregate" approach. Frank believes the term "aggregate" is misleading and prefers using simple, immutable models that allow for flexibility in handling commands.

• Testing Focus: OpenCQRS emphasizes the importance of testing, promoting a Test-Driven Development (TDD) approach. The framework simplifies testing by allowing developers to write black-box tests with minimal mocking.

• Lightweight Design: The framework is described as lightweight, meaning it's easy to use and flexible. It integrates well with Spring Boot, allowing developers to configure applications effortlessly while avoiding unnecessary complexity.

• Scalability and Cloud Readiness: OpenCQRS supports building scalable applications without a central coordinator, using techniques like optimistic locking and distributed leader election for event processing.

• Developer Experience: Users have reported that OpenCQRS feels straightforward and productive, aiding quick development without heavy infrastructure.

• Integration with Other Frameworks: While OpenCQRS is recommended for Spring developers, it is designed to work with other frameworks like Ktor, allowing for broader adoption.

• Connection to EventSourcingDB: OpenCQRS is closely integrated with EventSourcingDB, designed to leverage its features effectively without creating unnecessary abstractions.

• Key Takeaways for New Users: Beginners should understand CQRS principles and start with simple examples, such as the provided book library application, to familiarize themselves with the framework.

• Future Developments: Upcoming features include support for dynamic event querying and addressing GDPR compliance for enterprise users.

Frank encourages developers to explore OpenCQRS and its testing capabilities, highlighting the framework’s potential as it continues to evolve.

Earle Havens teaches a course at Johns Hopkins University called “The History of Fake News From the Flood to the Apocalypse,” where students create and defend historical forgeries. Havens, who is a curator of rare books, oversees the Bibliotheca Fictiva Collection, which has over 2,000 items related to literary forgery, including fake manuscripts and letters by famous figures.

The collection, acquired from Arthur and Janet Freeman in 2011, spans from ancient forgeries to the 20th century and aims to encourage critical thinking about the authenticity of texts. Havens emphasizes that forgery has a long history and is not just a modern phenomenon, linking it to issues of media literacy and deception throughout time.

Students in his class explore the complexities of forgery, including its motives and the historical context surrounding it. Their assignments include crafting plausible fake letters from ancient times while defending their authenticity. This process helps them understand the nature of truth and deception in literature.

Havens highlights that forgeries can reveal much about societal values and beliefs, and he discusses examples like the "Donation of Constantine," a medieval fake that had significant historical implications. The collection also includes various forms of forgery, from religious texts to patriotic myths, showing how forgery has been used for cultural and financial gain.

Overall, the Bibliotheca Fictiva serves as a resource for understanding the nature of truth, deception, and the rich history of literary forgeries.

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Knocker is a self-hosted service that provides a "knock-knock" single-packet authorization system for securing access to your Homelab services. It works with HTTP and can integrate with reverse proxies like Caddy and firewalls using FirewallD.

Key Features:

• Secure Access: Knocker allows services to be opened only for authorized IP addresses, reducing exposure to the internet.
• API Key Authentication: You can secure the service with configurable API keys.
• Remote Whitelisting: Admins can whitelist any IP address or CIDR range.
• Dynamic Firewall Rules: Integrates with FirewallD to create temporary firewall rules based on IP whitelisting.
• Full IPv6 Support: Works with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

Clients Available:

• Knocker-Web: A static web app for knocking.
• Knocker-CLI: A command-line tool for additional functionality.
• Knocker-EXPO: An experimental Android app for mobile access.

Deployment: Knocker is designed to run in Docker containers and can be set up with a simple docker-compose.yml file. It requires Docker and Docker Compose, and optionally FirewallD for advanced features.

Usage: When a user wants to access a protected service, they make a request to Knocker to verify their IP. If the IP is whitelisted, access is granted; otherwise, a 401 Unauthorized response is returned. Users can also "knock" to add their IP to the whitelist using an API call.

FirewallD Integration: Knocker can dynamically manage firewall rules, allowing or blocking access based on active whitelists. This feature is beneficial for securing non-HTTP services as well.

Documentation: Knocker includes interactive documentation for its API, which can be enabled in the configuration.

Overall, Knocker is a flexible tool for managing secure access to services in a Homelab environment, minimizing risks while allowing controlled exposure to the internet.

Donald Trump is raising funds for a new $300 million ballroom at the White House, with support from major companies like Apple, Google, and defense contractors like Lockheed Martin. The East Wing is being demolished to make way for this project, which Trump initially estimated would cost $200 million.

During a recent dinner for donors, Trump claimed that the ballroom is being funded entirely by himself and his supporters. However, he faced criticism for the lack of transparency surrounding the demolition and construction process. House Democrats have expressed concerns, arguing that the project represents a significant alteration to the White House and should have undergone public review.

Despite initial statements that the project would not affect the existing structure, Trump noted that the East Wing was not considered important enough to keep. The White House maintains that it does not require approval for the demolition, even as the National Capital Planning Commission is currently closed due to a government shutdown.

Summary of Clojure Zippers

Introduction to Zippers:

• Zippers are a unique way to navigate and modify data structures in Clojure.
• They allow you to move through data (like trees or nested collections) and perform operations such as adding, editing, and deleting nodes.

Key Navigation Features:

• You can move vertically (up and down) and horizontally (left and right) through the data.
• Zippers work with any combination of vectors and maps, making them versatile.

Creating and Using Zippers:

• Zippers are included in the base Clojure package, so no extra libraries are needed.
• A zipper contains a "location" that includes both the data and the current position pointer.

Functions for Navigation:

• To create a zipper, you use the zipper function, which requires data and two functions that define how to check for branches and retrieve children.
• Predefined zippers like vector-zip are available for common data types.

Example of Navigation:

• For example, to navigate the vector [1 2 3], you would wrap it in a zipper and use commands to move down and to the right to access specific elements.

Important Notes:

• Each navigation step creates a new location, leaving the original unchanged.
• Moving outside the collection or to a non-branch element results in nil, indicating no further navigation is possible.

Complex Structures:

• Zippers can handle more complex structures, like nested vectors, by allowing you to navigate through layers of data.

Limitations:

• If you attempt to move down from a non-branch element (like a number), you cannot navigate further, leading to a dead end.

Conclusion:

• Zippers are powerful tools for data manipulation in Clojure, but they require understanding of their structure and functions to use effectively. The next sections will cover automatic navigation and specific use cases, including XML manipulation.

No summary available.

Sodium-ion batteries are gaining traction, with companies like JAC and Volkswagen launching vehicles equipped with them, and Bluetti introducing portable power stations. These batteries have improved in performance, showing resilience in extreme temperatures and offering a long cycle life. Major manufacturers like CATL and BYD are investing heavily in sodium-ion technology, establishing large factories and developing new battery models with impressive specifications.

Sodium-ion batteries have several advantages over lithium-ion batteries, including lower material costs and a lack of resource bottlenecks. This makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including electric shipping and heavy trucks, where they are expected to replace older technologies like lead-acid and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries.

The affordability and efficiency of sodium-ion batteries could lead to significant advancements in electrification, making electric vehicles more competitive against traditional combustion engines. The technology promises to transform energy storage and various industries by reducing costs and enhancing performance, paving the way for broader adoption of electric solutions.

Summary of "The Hidden Engineering of Niagara Falls"

Niagara Falls is a stunning natural wonder with a vertical drop of over 50 meters and a massive water flow. It attracts around ten million visitors each year, but it also poses challenges for shipping and power generation due to its geography. The Niagara River connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, and the falls create a significant hurdle for freight transport.

To address shipping issues, the Welland Canal was built in 1829 to allow boats to bypass the falls, facilitating trade between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. This canal features eight locks to manage the elevation changes.

The falls are also a major source of hydroelectric power. The first large-scale power plant was established in 1895, and today, the area generates around 5 gigawatts of electricity through water that is diverted into tunnels instead of flowing over the falls directly. This diversion helps manage water flow for both tourism and power needs, with more water allowed over the falls during peak tourist times.

Interestingly, the diversion helps preserve the falls by slowing erosion. Although only about 50% of the river's flow reaches the falls during busy periods, this control is essential for maintaining their beauty. The article also mentions a rare occasion in 1969 when the American Falls were temporarily dried up for inspection.

Overall, Niagara Falls is not just a breathtaking sight; it is also a complex engineering marvel that balances nature, tourism, and energy needs.

Vexlio has introduced a new feature that allows users to easily create interactive diagrams. These diagrams can include clickable or hoverable areas that display additional information, making them useful for system documentation, onboarding, user guides, and presentations. The final diagrams can be shared via a simple web link without requiring anyone to sign in. You can try it out by visiting their app at Vexlio and creating a shape to add pop-ups. Feedback on this feature is welcome!

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RustFS Overview

RustFS is a high-performance distributed object storage software developed using the Rust programming language. It offers several benefits, including:

• Performance: Fast and efficient due to its Rust foundation.
• Distributed Design: Scalable and reliable for large-scale use.
• S3 Compatibility: Works seamlessly with existing S3-compatible applications.
• Data Lake Support: Optimized for big data and AI applications.
• Open Source: Licensed under Apache 2.0, promoting community involvement and transparency.
• User-Friendly: Easy to deploy and manage.

Comparison with MinIO and Other Storage Solutions:

• RustFS has a more user-friendly open-source license compared to others that may have restrictions.
• It ensures better data privacy by not reporting logs to third parties.
• Offers stable pricing and free community support, unlike some other solutions which may charge high fees.

Getting Started with RustFS:

1. Installation Options:

   • One-click Script: Use a simple command to install.
   • Docker: Run RustFS using Docker with commands provided for both the latest and specific versions.
   • Build from Source: For advanced users, there are commands to build Docker images with multi-architecture support.

2. Access and Use:

   • Access the RustFS console via a web browser.
   • Create buckets and upload objects through the console or S3-compatible APIs.

Getting Help:

• For questions, users can check the FAQ, participate in GitHub Discussions, or report issues on GitHub.

Community and Contributions:

• RustFS is community-driven, welcoming contributions from users, and is well-regarded in the open-source community.

License:

• RustFS is available under the Apache 2.0 license.

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Iceland has reported the presence of mosquitoes for the first time in its history, specifically the Culiseta annulata species. This discovery was made by insect enthusiast Björn Hjaltason, who found the mosquitoes on a farm near Reykjavík. The Natural Science Institute of Iceland confirmed that these mosquitoes likely arrived via freight and can adapt to Iceland's climate.

This finding is linked to climate change, which is causing temperatures to rise and allowing new insect species to enter the country. Culiseta annulata are large mosquitoes that can survive in cold weather but are generally considered a nuisance rather than a health risk, as they do not carry known diseases in Europe. With this discovery, Antarctica is now the only place in the world believed to be free of mosquitoes.

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Summary: The Death of Thread Per Core

The text discusses the evolution of programming models, specifically focusing on async runtimes and data processing concurrency.

1. Async Runtimes: In async programming (like Rust's async model), tasks can yield and create new tasks. This allows for efficient work management, where threads can "steal" tasks from others if they're idle, leading to better workload balance but reduced data locality.

2. Thread-per-Core vs. Work-Stealing: Traditionally, thread-per-core models were favored to avoid the complications of moving data across cores. However, there is growing support for work-stealing approaches, which can handle uneven workloads better.

3. Changing Perspectives: As computing power increases, traditional data processing models are being challenged. Improvements in I/O speeds and core counts highlight the need for more flexible, dynamic task management.

4. Cultural Shift: The need for data systems to scale effectively and manage multitenancy has made shared-state concurrency more appealing. This model allows for better insights and task management in query engines.

Overall, the text argues for a reconsideration of concurrency models in data processing, suggesting that flexibility and adaptability are becoming increasingly important in modern computing.

No summary available.

Summary of ChatGPT Atlas for macOS:

• Availability: Currently only for macOS.
• Functionality: ChatGPT Atlas helps you get quick answers, suggestions, and task assistance while browsing the web.
• Sidebar Feature: You can open a ChatGPT sidebar in any window to summarize content, compare products, or analyze data.
• Memory Control: You can choose what ChatGPT remembers to get relevant details when needed.
• Agent Mode: In this mode, ChatGPT can perform tasks for you, like researching or shopping, while you remain in control. This feature is available for Plus, Pro, and Business accounts.
• Easy Collaboration: You can highlight text in emails or documents and get help from ChatGPT with one click.
• Privacy Controls: You decide which sites ChatGPT can access, and you can clear your browsing history and manage memories anytime.
• User-Friendly Features: The app includes smart searches, easy navigation with tabs, autocomplete, a search bar, and customizable settings.

Note: Download is available for macOS only.

The study explores a specific medical topic and can be found at the provided link. For detailed information, please refer to the original source.

The author has created a new method for modifying Python packages without forking or altering the original code. This method is similar to OverlayFS, allowing users to write changes in a separate "upper" module that combines with the original "lower" module into a new virtual module. It works by changing how imports are handled and running both modules together. This approach avoids cluttering the global namespace and eliminates the need to maintain a forked version of a package, allowing users to easily share just their changes.

Wikipedia is experiencing a decline in human traffic, with page views dropping by 8% year-over-year. This trend was noted by Marshall Miller from the Wikimedia Foundation, who explained that a recent update to their bot-detection system revealed that much of the high traffic in May and June was actually from bots, not real users.

The decrease in traffic is attributed to the rise of generative AI and social media, which change how people look for information. Instead of visiting sites like Wikipedia, many users, especially younger ones, are turning to social video platforms and search engines that provide direct answers.

Miller emphasized that despite the decline in visits, Wikipedia remains important because its knowledge still reaches people in other ways. However, fewer visits could lead to a decrease in volunteers and donations that help maintain and enrich the content. He urged AI and social media companies to encourage more direct visits to Wikipedia.

To counter this trend, Wikipedia is working on new ways to attribute its content and has teams focused on reaching new readers. Miller also encourages individuals to support content integrity by checking original sources and recognizing the human effort behind knowledge creation.

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Summary of rs-merkle-tree

The rs-merkle-tree is a Rust implementation of a Merkle tree with the following features:

• Fixed Depth: All proofs have a constant size based on the tree's depth.
• Append-only: Leaves are added in order and cannot be changed once added.
• Fast Proof Retrieval: Intermediate leaves are stored for quick access to Merkle proofs.
• Configurable Storage: Options to choose different storage backends for leaves.
• Customizable Hash Functions: Users can select different hashing algorithms.

Basic Usage: To use rs-merkle-tree, add it as a dependency in your Cargo.toml file:

[dependencies]
rs-merkle-tree = "0.1.0"

You can create a Merkle tree, add leaves, check the number of leaves, and retrieve Merkle proofs easily with a simple interface.

Customization: You can customize the tree by selecting different storage methods and hash functions. Supported storage options include sled, rocksdb, and sqlite, while the hash functions include keccak256 and Poseidon.

Performance Benchmarks: Benchmarks on an AMD Ryzen 7 processor measure disk size, insertion speed (in thousands of leaves per second), and proof generation time. Results show varying performance depending on the storage type and configuration.

License: The library is licensed under the MIT License.

Summary:

The project is built using Lovabl.dev, which allows for no-code development of the front-end and logic. It uses ChatGPT and Claude for research and inspiration, and GPT-4 Vision to analyze charts visually. The service is hosted on Supabase to ensure good performance and efficient data caching.

The aim is not to replace analysts but to help traders quickly interpret data. The creator, a designer experimenting with AI tools, is sharing this initial product and is eager for feedback.

Summary: How to Effectively Conduct Programming Interviews

This guide offers insights on how to improve programming interviews to better evaluate candidates' skills. The approach is inspired by Casey Muratori's method, which contrasts with the typical LeetCode style of interviewing.

Key Points:

1. Casey’s Approach:

   • Casey prefers a drill-down technique over standard coding questions.
   • He focuses on a candidate's past project, asking them to explain it in detail.
   • This method helps assess their competence and understanding of their work.

2. Two Main Questions:

   • Is the candidate a competent programmer?
   • Will they be productive in your company? (This question is harder to answer.)

3. Evaluation Process:

   • Review the candidate's CV and select a project they worked on.
   • Ask specific questions about their role and decisions in that project.
   • The goal is to gauge their knowledge and comfort with their work, as opposed to abstract coding challenges.

4. Benefits of Casey’s Approach:

   • Candidates respond from a place of comfort, reflecting real work scenarios.
   • It avoids the pressure of technical questions that might not relate to their daily tasks.

5. Critique of LeetCode Style Interviews:

   • These interviews may show how well candidates can prepare rather than their actual programming ability.
   • They can lead to many false negatives, missing out on capable candidates.

6. Proposed Enhancements:

   • To assess adaptability, conduct a pair programming session where candidates fix a bug in an unfamiliar codebase.
   • This session reveals their problem-solving skills, collaboration, and ability to navigate new environments.

7. Alternative Approaches:

   • Linear uses paid work trials lasting 2 to 5 days to evaluate candidates on real projects, resulting in high retention rates.

Conclusion: Casey’s method improves traditional interviews but can be further enhanced by including pair programming sessions. This combination helps ensure candidates are not only skilled but also a good fit for the company.

Feel free to share your thoughts or methods regarding programming interviews!

On October 16, 2025, Canada’s financial regulators fined Cryptomus, a digital payments platform, nearly $177 million for violating anti-money laundering laws. Cryptomus was found to have neglected to report suspicious transactions linked to serious crimes, including child exploitation, fraud, and ransomware payments.

This action by the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) follows an investigation that revealed Cryptomus was connected to numerous cybercrime services and cryptocurrency exchanges, primarily serving Russian-speaking users.

Richard Sanders, a blockchain analyst, had previously identified that many illegal online services used Cryptomus for transactions. Despite the large fine, Sanders expressed concern that it might not deter such businesses, as they might view it as a cost of doing business.

FINTRAC’s fine is significant compared to its total penalties from the previous year, but Sanders noted that there are still many similar money service businesses in Canada that require further investigation. Reports also highlighted issues with multiple businesses registered at the same address, often without the actual occupant's knowledge.

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Setting Up a Rust Environment for Dreamcast Development: Summary

This guide explains how to set up a Rust development environment for Dreamcast. If you face any issues, you can ask for help on the message board or Discord.

Prerequisites:

1. Install Rustup: This tool is necessary to manage Rust installations on your OS. Do not use the Rust provided by your OS vendor.
2. Install Dependencies: Follow the instructions on the "Getting Started with Dreamcast development" page to install required packages for your operating system.
3. Create Directory: Set up a directory for your Rust toolchain at /opt/toolchains/dc/rust and adjust permissions using these commands:
   • sudo mkdir -p /opt/toolchains/dc
   • sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/toolchains/dc
   • sudo chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) /opt/toolchains/dc
4. Clone Rust for Dreamcast: Download the necessary support files with:
   • git clone https://github.com/dreamcast-rs/rust-for-dreamcast.git /opt/toolchains/dc/rust

Installing KallistiOS and GCC Toolchain:

1. Clone KallistiOS: Get the custom version of KallistiOS by running:
   • git clone https://github.com/dreamcast-rs/KallistiOS /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/kos
2. Build the Toolchain: Run the installation script to build GCC:
   • /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/misc/install-toolchain.sh -j2
3. Set Environment: Apply the KallistiOS settings with:
   • source /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/misc/environ.sh
4. Build KallistiOS: Navigate to the KallistiOS directory and build it:
   • cd /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/kos
   • make

Building Rust Compiler and Sysroot:

• Use the provided installer script to download and compile the Rust components:
  • /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/misc/install-rust.sh
• If successful, you’ll see a confirmation message.

Building KOS Ports Libraries:

• Optionally, build a collection of libraries for your Rust projects in a separate directory:
  • Clone the KOS ports repository:
    • git clone https://github.com/KallistiOS/kos-ports /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/kos-ports
• You can build individual ports or all ports using the provided scripts. For example, to install GLdc:
  • cd /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/kos-ports/libGL
  • make install
• To build all ports, run:
  • /opt/toolchains/dc/rust/kos-ports/utils/build-all.sh

This summary simplifies the setup process into clear steps for easier understanding.