Summary of OpenPCC

OpenPCC is an open-source framework that ensures private AI inference, inspired by Apple's Private Cloud Compute. It allows users to run AI models without revealing any sensitive information, such as prompts or outputs. It uses techniques like encrypted streaming and unlinkable requests to maintain privacy. The goal is to create a community-driven standard for AI data privacy.

OpenPCC Client The OpenPCC client includes code for a Go client and a C library that supports Python and JavaScript clients. It also provides in-memory services for testing.

Usage Example To use the OpenPCC client in Go, you'll set up a configuration with an API URL and key, then create a client to send inference requests. The example provided shows how to format a request to ask a question while ensuring privacy through the OpenPCC framework.

Development Development is managed with the Go tool "mage," which allows you to run commands and test the library. You can execute in-memory services and make test requests during development.

The author shared their experience analyzing nightclub lineups using data from Resident Advisor. They created a project called "Clubster Analysis" to visualize club data, focusing on gathering, analyzing, and presenting it effectively.

Key Steps Taken:

1. Data Gathering: The author wrote a Python scraper using Beautiful Soup to collect data from several thousand pages without overwhelming the servers. They focused on top regions and clubs, collecting lineup information from 2019.

2. Data Cleaning and Analysis: They verified the data quality and used Pandas to create a comprehensive dataset. They calculated similarities between clubs using the Jaccard index, which measures shared artists between venues.

3. Visualization: Using D3, the author visualized the data to show clusters of similar clubs based on their lineups. They included interactive features that allowed users to explore the data, highlighting the surprising low overlap in bookings (only 1% on average) among clubs.

4. Insights: The analysis revealed that European clubs had more diverse lineups than expected and that resident artists played a smaller role than anticipated.

5. Technical Challenges: The author faced integration issues between D3 and React but ultimately created a smooth user experience with engaging transitions in visualizations.

Overall, the project combined web scraping, analysis, and interactive visualization, leading to meaningful insights about the dance music scene. The author encourages others interested in cultural data analysis to reach out for collaboration or discussion.

Here's a simplified summary of the text about various terminal applications:

1. Atuin: Replaces shell history with a SQLite database, adding more context to commands.
2. Bandwhich: Displays network usage by process and connection.
3. Binsider: Analyzes binary files in the terminal.
4. Bottom: A customizable system monitor for the terminal.
5. Crossword: Play crossword puzzles in the terminal.
6. Csvlens: A viewer for CSV files that works like the 'less' command.
7. Dua: A fast disk space analyzer that helps identify and delete unnecessary files.
8. Fzf-make: Executes make targets using a fuzzy finder.
9. Gitui: A terminal interface for Git.
10. Gpg-tui: Terminal interface for GnuPG encryption.
11. Joshuto: A terminal file manager similar to Ranger, built in Rust.
12. Material: A color palette tool for terminal design.
13. Minesweep-rs: A minesweeper game created in Rust.
14. Oatmeal: A chat application for LLMs with a user-friendly terminal interface.
15. Oha: A simple tool to load web applications and display real-time data.
16. Oxker: A terminal interface to manage Docker containers.
17. Openapi-tui: View OpenAPI documentation easily in the terminal.
18. Rainfrog: A tool to interact with databases from the terminal.
19. Rucola: Manages markdown notes and converts them to HTML.
20. Scope-tui: A terminal oscilloscope and spectroscope.
21. Slumber: A command-line HTTP/REST client.
22. Steer: An AI coding assistant for development and automation.
23. Taskwarrior-tui: A terminal interface for managing tasks.
24. Television: A fuzzy finder for quickly searching various data sources.
25. Trippy: A network diagnostic tool combining traceroute and ping functions.
26. Xplr: A minimal and fast file explorer for the terminal.
27. Yazi: A fast terminal file manager built with async I/O.
28. Yozefu: An application to explore Kafka cluster data with SQL-like queries.

This summary captures the essence of each application in a straightforward manner.

The author created a new music notation system based on a piano roll that uses 12 colors to represent different aspects of Western tonal harmony. The tonic note is always shown in white, and each chord is represented by a combination of three to four colors, with darker colors for minor chords and lighter for major chords.

The music pieces are organized from simple to complex harmony, and there are explanations provided to help users understand the notation. The system allows for easy memorization of chord progressions without needing traditional analysis methods.

The author has recorded lectures in Russian about this method and has plans to create an English version. They also offer a more approachable introduction to the method on their website. This system is not suitable for color-blind individuals and is open-source, allowing others to access and use it.

Overall, the system aims to make understanding and recognizing harmonically similar music easier and more intuitive.

The paper titled "Mathematical exploration and discovery at scale," co-authored by Bogdan Georgiev, Javier Gómez-Serrano, Adam Zsolt Wagner, and Terence Tao, discusses their experiments using Google's AlphaEvolve tool, which is designed to enhance mathematical problem-solving through artificial intelligence.

Key points include:

1. AlphaEvolve Overview: Unlike traditional optimization methods, AlphaEvolve uses a language model (LLM) to evolve code that generates inputs for mathematical functions, allowing for a more structured approach to finding solutions.

2. Experimentation: The team tested AlphaEvolve on 67 mathematical problems across various fields (analysis, combinatorics, geometry) and found it often produced results comparable to expert users of traditional tools.

3. Advantages:

   • Scale and Efficiency: AlphaEvolve can adapt prompts and verification methods from one problem to similar ones, enhancing productivity.
   • Robustness: It requires less specific domain knowledge to set up and often can derive its own parameters, improving its performance.
   • Interpretability: The tool can produce code that reveals insights into the solutions it finds, making it easier to understand the results.

4. Performance: AlphaEvolve generally performed well, finding known optimal solutions and even new constructions for certain mathematical sets. However, it struggled with some number theory problems, indicating it may not be universally effective across all mathematical domains.

5. Exploration of Conjectures: While AlphaEvolve did not disprove any major open conjectures, it found known candidates for optimizers and made some new observations on less studied variants of famous conjectures.

In summary, AlphaEvolve shows promise in scaling mathematical exploration and discovery, with notable advantages in efficiency, adaptability, and interpretability, though it also has limitations in certain areas of mathematics.

Cloudflare has raised concerns to the U.S. government about the negative impact of site-blocking measures in various countries on legitimate online services. In its submission for the 2026 National Trade Estimate Report, the company highlighted issues in Italy, Spain, France, and South Korea.

1. Italy: The "Piracy Shield" law requires quick compliance with blocking notices from network providers. This has led to the blocking of many legitimate sites, including major services like Google Drive, causing significant disruption for users and businesses.

2. Spain: Spanish courts allow broad IP address blocking, which can affect thousands of legitimate websites at once. This practice causes collateral damage without offering affected parties a chance to contest the blocks.

3. France: Recent anti-piracy laws in France require DNS resolvers and VPNs to block sites, which may lead to overblocking and the exit of U.S. companies from the market.

4. South Korea: New regulations require content delivery networks (CDNs) to maintain extensive blocklists, creating a heavy compliance burden for American companies.

Cloudflare urges the U.S. Trade Representative to address these barriers in the upcoming report, which may conflict with the interests of copyright groups advocating for stricter site-blocking measures. The report is expected to clarify how these concerns will be handled.

The text discusses how often Python allocates memory, particularly focusing on integer allocation in CPython. Here are the key points simplified:

1. Frequent Allocations: Python allocates memory very often, especially for integers, which are a commonly used data type.

2. Integer Representation: In CPython, each integer is represented as a PyLongObject stored in the heap. This can lead to significant overhead in arithmetic operations due to frequent heap allocations.

3. Testing Allocations: The author modified CPython to track memory allocations and found that printing integers caused many allocations, while simply adding integers had fewer allocations due to optimizations in the addition process.

4. Memory Management: Python employs a freelist to reuse previously allocated memory for integers, which reduces the number of new allocations. Most allocations during the test were reused from this freelist.

5. Allocation Cost: Despite optimizations, the overhead from memory allocation can slow down operations. The text suggests that adding two integers should ideally be much faster than the allocation process.

6. Tagged Pointer Optimization: The author notes that Python lacks a well-known optimization (tagged pointers) that could help avoid heap allocations for small integers, a method used in other programming languages.

7. Memory Pooling: Python's memory allocator uses a pool strategy to manage memory efficiently, reducing fragmentation and speeding up allocation.

8. Conclusion: Python does allocate memory very often, but there are optimizations in place. However, there is still room for improvement in reducing allocation overhead, especially for basic operations like integer addition.

Overall, while Python's memory management has optimizations, it still frequently allocates memory, which can impact performance.

Summary:

The article discusses how Sub-Saharan Africa is transforming its energy infrastructure through innovative solar solutions, bypassing traditional grid systems. With 600 million people lacking reliable electricity, startups are selling solar panels through payment plans, leading to over 30 million solar products sold in 2024 and capturing 50% of the market share.

Key points include:

1. Challenges with Traditional Grids: Extending the grid to rural areas is economically unfeasible, leaving many without power. This has been a long-standing issue.

2. Solar Hardware Advances: The cost of solar panels has dramatically dropped, making solar technology more accessible and affordable.

3. Innovative Payment Models: Mobile money platforms like M-PESA have enabled easy, small payments for solar systems, using a pay-as-you-go model that allows users to gradually own their systems.

4. Successful Case Studies: Companies like Sun King and SunCulture are leading the way, improving access to electricity and agricultural productivity through solar-powered solutions.

5. Carbon Credits: These companies are utilizing carbon credits to subsidize costs, creating a sustainable financial model that benefits both the environment and local economies.

6. Future Potential: The article suggests this model can be replicated globally, especially in other developing regions, and could lead to significant improvements in quality of life and economic opportunity.

Overall, Africa's approach to energy infrastructure is seen as a model for the future—decentralized, digital, and community-driven, offering lessons for other regions.

The text discusses the challenges facing open-source software (OSS) maintainers due to the influx of AI-generated vulnerability reports, often referred to as "AI slop."

Key Points:

1. Background of the Author: The author has extensive experience in the bug bounty industry, both as a bug hunter and a vulnerability triager at HackerOne. They express frustration over the rise of AI-generated reports that complicate the process of identifying real security issues.

2. Problems with AI Reports: Many AI-generated submissions are based on pattern matching rather than genuine understanding of the code, leading to false reports that waste maintainers' time. For instance, one maintainer noted that 20% of their submissions were AI-generated, with only 5% being valid vulnerabilities.

3. Impact on Maintainers: The burden of evaluating these false reports has led to significant burnout among OSS maintainers. Surveys indicate that many have considered quitting due to the overwhelming volume of submissions that are either invalid or require extensive verification.

4. Crisis in Vulnerability Tracking: The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system is also struggling, with many submissions being invalid or duplicates. This undermines the reliability of the system that security teams depend on.

5. Proposed Solutions: The author suggests several strategies to address the issue:

   • Disclosure Requirements: Require submitters to disclose if AI was used in their report.
   • Proof-of-Concept Requirements: Mandate evidence that the reported vulnerability can be reproduced.
   • Reputation Systems: Create trust-based systems for submitters to encourage quality submissions.
   • Economic Barriers: Charge a fee for submissions to deter low-effort reports.
   • AI-Assisted Triage: Use AI tools to help filter out invalid submissions.
   • Transparency: Make submitted reports public to discourage fraudulent submissions.

6. Need for Support: The text emphasizes the urgent need for financial support and a cultural shift in recognizing and compensating the work of OSS maintainers to prevent burnout and ensure sustainability.

7. Conclusion: The ongoing crisis reflects a larger issue within the OSS ecosystem, where volunteer maintainers are increasingly exploited without adequate support. The future of open-source security depends on addressing these root causes and ensuring that maintainers receive the recognition and resources they deserve.

Summary

The text discusses the author's experience and motivation for using Emacs as their main computing environment. Key points include:

• Motivation: The author wants to create a seamless workflow with Emacs that allows for quick and efficient task completion, similar to how top professionals operate.

• Current Setup: They use Hyprland as their window manager and have customized Emacs extensively to handle various tasks like note-taking, file browsing, email management, and more. Emacs is integrated into almost every aspect of their daily computing, except for heavy media tasks.

• Why Not EXWM?: The author has considered using EXWM (an Emacs window manager) but is hesitant due to concerns about Emacs's single-threaded nature and its reliance on X11, while most development is moving towards Wayland.

• Emacs Launcher: They created a Go script to efficiently manage Emacs commands across their system, significantly speeding up their workflow.

• Functionality: The author has set up various keybindings to quickly access features like a terminal (vterm), notes, calendar, password management, file browsing, bookmarks, email, a feed reader, and music playback within Emacs.

• Integration: Emacs allows for quick data capture and management, enhancing productivity by keeping everything organized in one place.

• Future Considerations: Although the author enjoys the current setup, they remain open to potentially using EXWM in the future.

The author invites others to share their Emacs setups and expresses appreciation for support of their work.

Summary: The Trust Collapse in AI Content

We're in a unique time where creating content is almost free, leading to an overwhelming amount of low-quality, AI-generated material. While this seems beneficial at first, it has caused a significant decline in trust among consumers and businesses.

A B2B SaaS company sales manager shared that he largely ignores email outreach because he can't tell if the sender is genuine or just using automated tools. This reflects a broader trend where potential buyers are no longer asking if a product works but rather why they should trust a specific company amidst the noise of countless similar offers.

The traditional marketing approach, which focuses on generating leads and conversions, is becoming ineffective. Instead, we need a "trust funnel" that emphasizes building relationships and loyalty. With the rise of AI, the cost of creating seemingly credible outreach has dropped to nearly zero, leading to an influx of messages that are often disregarded as spam.

People are overwhelmed by the volume of communication they receive and find it hard to assess what's real. As a result, they assume most outreach lacks authenticity, making it essential for companies to establish trust through genuine human engagement and clear communication about their reliability and difference from competitors.

To succeed, businesses must blend AI's efficiency with human connection, ensuring that their marketing strategies focus on building trust and long-term relationships rather than just immediate sales.

Pico-100BASE-TX Overview

Pico-100BASE-TX is a library that enables data streaming from RP2040 or RP2350 microcontrollers at speeds of around 11 MByte/s over a 100 MBit/s Ethernet connection. This method is an advanced version of Pico-10BASE-T, which only supports 10 MBit/s.

Important Notes:

• Do not connect this to Power over Ethernet (PoE) devices.
• Use a pulse transformer or resistors (47 + 470 Ohms) for safety.
• Directly connecting GPIOs to an Ethernet cable may work but is risky.

How It Works:

• Encoding Types:

  • MLT-3 Encoding: Uses three voltage levels (-1, 0, +1) to represent data. The GPIOs output specific codes for each level.
  • Scrambling: A pseudorandom sequence is generated using an 11-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR) to avoid patterns in the data.
  • 4B5B Encoding: Converts 4-bit data into 5-bit symbols to ensure the data is transmitted correctly. Special symbols indicate the start and end of Ethernet frames.

• Checksum Calculation: Uses DMA to compute the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) for error checking.

Building the Library: To set up Pico-100BASE-TX, install the latest pico-sdk and use a series of commands to clone the repository and build the application.

Example Applications:

• Counter App: Generates a 16-bit counter value and streams it via UDP.
• Internal ADC App: Streams data from the internal ADC.
• PCM1802 Audio App: Streams audio data from a PCM1802 ADC board.

Credits: The library was developed by Steve Markgraf, based on previous work.

Dillo is a fast and lightweight web browser that prioritizes personal security and privacy. It works on multiple platforms and is built using the FLTK 1.3 GUI toolkit. To install Dillo, you can follow the installation guide provided. The current repository mostly contains the original code, with some minor updates, and contributions are welcome. Note that as of December 2023, the official website dillo.org is no longer managed by the Dillo developers, but an archived version can be found on GitHub Pages and the Wayback Machine.

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IKEA has announced the launch of 21 new smart home products that are compatible with Matter, a universal smart home standard. This launch is aimed at making smart home technology more user-friendly, affordable, and practical for everyday life.

The new product range includes:

1. Lighting: A variety of smart bulbs in different shapes and sizes, offering features like color options and dimmability.
2. Sensors: Devices that monitor motion, air quality, humidity, and water leaks to enhance home safety and wellbeing.
3. Control Devices: Remotes and smart plugs that allow users to manage their smart products easily.

IKEA's new DIRIGERA hub is essential for these Matter-enabled products, connecting them with devices from various brands. The goal of this launch is to simplify the smart home experience, making it accessible for everyone. IKEA plans to continue expanding its smart home range with more user-friendly and affordable products in the future.

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Summary of Firefox Profiles Announcement

Starting on October 14, 2025, Firefox is introducing a new profile management feature that allows users to create separate profiles for different aspects of their lives, such as work, school, and personal projects. Each profile will have its own bookmarks, logins, browsing history, extensions, and themes, helping users stay organized and focused.

Key benefits of this feature include:

• Separation of Data: Profiles help avoid data mixing, reducing mental clutter and preventing unexpected information from one profile appearing in another.

• Privacy Protection: Firefox prioritizes user privacy. Each profile keeps its data separate, and Firefox does not collect personal information like age or location.

• Customizable Spaces: Users can personalize profiles with different colors, themes, and avatars, making it easy to identify each one at a glance.

Firefox's profiles are designed to enhance user control over their online experience while ensuring privacy and accessibility for all users.

The Japanese SUMO community has decided to disband due to issues with a new tool called the sumobot introduced on October 22, 2025. The community leader, marsf, expressed frustration because the sumobot:

• Does not follow translation guidelines.
• Disregards existing localization for Japanese users.
• Immediately approves English translations for all Knowledge Base articles.
• Operates without the community's approval or communication.
• Overwrites over 300 articles, leading to a loss of community contributions.

Marsf has announced their resignation from SUMO and requested that their translations not be used for training the sumobot or AI. Other community members expressed similar concerns about the sumobot's impact on training new contributors and the lack of control over translations.

Mozilla staff have reached out to marsf to discuss the issues further, but the community leader remains firm in their decision to leave. Some contributors believe that the introduction of the sumobot was poorly managed, and there are calls for better communication and control over translation processes moving forward.

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Stinging nettles are nutritious plants that grow in spring and are often seen as a nuisance due to their ability to sting the skin. They are rich in iron, calcium, potassium, vitamins A, B, C, and K1, and have anti-inflammatory benefits. Nettles can be used in various dishes like soups and risottos, and they can be found for free in many places in Britain.

To collect nettles safely, it’s important to wear gloves to avoid being stung. Once you bring them home, boiling them for a few minutes will stop the sting. The author enjoys making stinging nettle risotto.

The text also discusses the benefits of a vegan diet, highlighting that vegans often consume a wider variety of plant species compared to meat-eaters, who typically stick to a few common meats. This leads to a more diverse and interesting diet for those who choose to eat plant-based.

The author discusses the challenges of managing a large company and the concept of "enshittification," where growing software can become overly complex as it tries to satisfy a wide range of users. This complexity often burdens users instead of helping them. The key to successful product growth lies in making thoughtful choices, including knowing when to simplify and how to communicate effectively about the product.

In the early stages, the communication is authentic and direct, reflecting the creators' vision. However, as companies grow, the messaging can become diluted in an attempt to appeal to everyone, risking alienation of existing users.

The author emphasizes the importance of clearly stating who you are and what you stand for, rather than trying to please everyone. They cite their experience with their previous company, which had a straightforward manifesto that communicated its purpose effectively. The author believes that a product should be simple but not simplistic and aims to help users write easily without the pressures of social media.

The article discusses the relationship between intelligence and happiness, questioning the common belief that smarter people are happier. Written by Adam Mastroianni, a psychologist, it highlights several key points:

1. Definition of Intelligence: Intelligence is defined as a broad mental capability involving reasoning, problem-solving, and learning, rather than just academic skills.

2. Intelligence and Happiness: Research indicates that higher intelligence does not necessarily lead to greater happiness. While those with lower intelligence may be slightly less happy, smarter individuals do not report significantly more happiness.

3. Problems with Intelligence Testing: Intelligence tests may be flawed and influenced by factors like effort and privilege, leading to skepticism about their ability to measure true intelligence or predict happiness.

4. Well-defined vs. Poorly Defined Problems: The article distinguishes between well-defined problems (like math problems) and poorly defined problems (like finding happiness or meaningful relationships). Intelligence tests typically measure skills for well-defined problems, but life’s challenges often involve poorly defined problems that require different skills.

5. The Role of Wisdom: Wisdom, which encompasses the ability to navigate poorly defined problems, is not measured by traditional intelligence tests. The author emphasizes the value of people who excel in these areas, such as family members who provide emotional support and guidance.

6. Conclusion: The article suggests that understanding the difference between well-defined and poorly defined problems can help us better address the complexities of life and happiness. It encourages valuing wisdom and the insights of those who navigate life's challenges thoughtfully.

Overall, the article invites readers to rethink how we view intelligence and happiness, stressing that traditional metrics may overlook important aspects of a fulfilling life.

The article discusses the complexities and challenges of using recursive macros in the C programming language. Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. C Macros Overview: The C Preprocessor (CPP) allows for compile-time code generation through macros, but its design has limitations, particularly it does not easily support recursion.

2. Importance of Macros: Despite their quirks, macros are crucial for some systems, as they help manage complexity and can prevent human errors in coding.

3. Recursive Macros Challenge: Attempting to create recursive macros in C can lead to confusion and errors, often because the CPP does not handle recursive calls well, leading to issues during compilation.

4. Example of Counting Arguments: The article presents an example where the author tries to create a macro that counts the number of arguments passed to a function-like macro. This highlights the difficulties encountered due to recursion restrictions.

5. Limitations and Workarounds: The article discusses several workarounds to bypass the limitations of C macros. These include creating additional macros to manage the recursion and using techniques like layering and indirection.

6. Final Implementation: After a complex exploration of the topic, the author shares a final implementation of a counting macro that utilizes the insights gained throughout the discussion. This implementation is designed to handle variable arguments effectively.

7. Call for Improvements: The author suggests that the C standards committee should consider adding new features to the language, such as built-in macros for counting arguments and handling recursion more gracefully.

8. Reflection on Complexity: The article concludes with a reflection on the ongoing challenges that C developers face with macros, emphasizing the need for clearer and more user-friendly features in future C standards.

Overall, the article serves as both a technical exploration and a personal narrative of grappling with the complexities of C's macro system.

Flutter Compositions Summary

Flutter Compositions introduces a way to use Vue 3's Composition API patterns in Flutter, allowing developers to create reactive and composable applications easily.

Key Points:

• Reactivity: Provides a clean and declarative API for managing state and logic.
• Core Packages:
  • flutter_compositions: Main reactive components.
  • flutter_compositions_lints: Custom lint rules for best practices.
• Quick Example: A simple counter app demonstrates reactive state management using ref, computed, and watch.
• Features:
  • Familiar API (ref, computed, watch).
  • Fine-grained reactivity using alien_signals.
  • Composable logic for reusing stateful logic.
  • Type-safe dependency injection.
  • Built-in utilities for controllers, animations, and async data.
  • Minimal boilerplate code.
• Development: Uses a Melos-managed monorepo for easy package management.
• Contributions: Open for contributions via Pull Requests.
• Acknowledgments: Built on work from other open-source projects like alien_signals and flutter_hooks.

For more details, users can refer to the full documentation and installation guides.

Summary of "The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity" by Carlo M. Cipolla

1. First Law: People often underestimate how many stupid individuals exist. No matter how many you think there are, you will always be surprised by their presence.

2. Second Law: Stupidity is evenly distributed among all groups of people, regardless of their background or education. This means that the likelihood of someone being stupid does not depend on their other traits.

3. Third Law: There are four types of people: intelligent, bandits (who benefit at the expense of others), helpless (who unintentionally cause losses), and stupid. Stupid people cause harm to others without gaining anything themselves.

4. Power of Stupidity: Stupid individuals are dangerous because their actions are unpredictable and irrational. This makes it hard for others to defend against them.

5. Fourth Law: Non-stupid people often underestimate the harm that stupid people can cause. This can lead to costly mistakes in judgment.

6. Fifth Law: Stupid people are more dangerous than bandits because they cause loss without any gain. Their actions lead to societal decline.

Overall, Cipolla argues that stupidity is a constant factor in society, and its presence can have detrimental effects on both individuals and communities. Understanding and recognizing stupidity is essential to avoiding its consequences.

Summary: Ruby and Its Neighbors: Smalltalk

This article discusses the influence of Smalltalk on Ruby, highlighting that while Ruby doesn't share much syntax with Smalltalk, it adopts many object-oriented principles from it. Smalltalk originated at Xerox PARC and became popular in the 80s and 90s, particularly in industries like aviation. The first widely released version was Smalltalk-80, and later, an open-source version called Squeak was developed.

Smalltalk's environment is unique and unlike most modern programming languages, as it isn't influenced by Unix or C. Its syntax is simple, treating every variable as an object and all expressions as messages to objects. The language does not have operator precedence, and control structures are expressed as messages rather than special syntax (e.g., conditionals are represented as messages to true and false objects).

Smalltalk's object model includes features familiar to Ruby developers, such as inheritance from a base class called Object and private instance variables. However, it lacks multiple inheritance and certain modern features. Smalltalk allows direct modification of its system, making development fluid but also presenting challenges in code sharing and integration with other systems.

Overall, Ruby inherits key concepts from Smalltalk, particularly its object model, while adopting a more familiar syntax for modern programmers. The author reflects on their positive experiences using Smalltalk, emphasizing its powerful debugging and testing capabilities, but notes the difficulties it faced in a rapidly evolving computing environment.

I'm sorry, but I can't access external links or specific articles directly. However, if you provide the main points or excerpts from the text you'd like summarized, I'd be happy to help you simplify and summarize them!

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The text discusses various mathematical functions and their graphs, comparing conventional graphs to fuzzy graphs. Here are the key points:

1. Graph Comparisons: It presents several equations and their corresponding graphs, showcasing both conventional and fuzzy representations.

2. Examples of Equations:

   • Ratio Functions: Equations like ( \frac{y}{x^2+y^2} = \frac{x+1}{x^2+y^2} ) and ( \frac{x}{x^2+y^2} = 0 ) are included, demonstrating different graph shapes.
   • Zero Functions: Equations such as ( x^2 + y^2 = 0 ) and ( \frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=0 ) illustrate conditions when the function equals zero.
   • Product Functions: Forms like ( (y-x)(y+x)=0 ) show how products of expressions create specific graph behaviors.

3. Trigonometric Functions: The text also includes equations involving sine functions, specifically ( y=4\sin(x)+\sin(2.7y) ) and ( y=4\sin(x)+\sin(2.8y) ).

Overall, the text contrasts how different mathematical expressions can be visualized through conventional and fuzzy graphing techniques.

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Summary of Chibi Izumi for TypeScript (distage)

Chibi Izumi is a TypeScript library that reimplements key features from Scala's Izumi Project, focusing on staged dependency injection (DI). The project is still in early development and may have issues.

Key Features:

• Dependency Injection: Provides a fluent API for defining modules and bindings with strong type safety using TypeScript.
• Automatic Dependency Resolution: Uses the @Reflected decorator to automatically manage dependencies.
• Asynchronous Support: Allows for parallel execution of independent async factories.
• Lifecycle Management: Manages resource acquisition and cleanup automatically.
• Error Detection: Identifies missing or circular dependencies at planning time.

Installation: Install via npm and enable experimental decorators in your TypeScript configuration.

Quick Start Example: You can define classes with dependencies, create modules to manage these dependencies, and produce instances using an Injector.

Core Concepts:

• ModuleDef: A DSL for defining how to create instances.
• Functoid: Represents dependency constructors with type-safe factories.
• Axis Tagging: Allows different implementations based on runtime configuration.

Comparison with Other Libraries: Chibi Izumi offers several features not commonly found in other TypeScript DI libraries, such as automatic type safety, async support, and lifecycle management.

Development and Setup: The project uses a Nix environment for development, with commands for building and testing.

License: MIT License.

This summary outlines the main aspects of the Chibi Izumi library, highlighting its features, usage, and development setup in a simplified manner.

The article discusses the environmental impact of textile dyeing, which significantly contributes to pollution and requires vast amounts of water. Traditional dyes are mostly made from petrochemicals, which are harmful to ecosystems and communities. A British company, Colorifix, is innovating in this space by using engineered microorganisms to create dyes in a more sustainable way.

Instead of relying on harmful chemicals, Colorifix uses sugar and salt to grow pigments in the lab. This method requires less water and avoids toxic additives. The founders were inspired by nature and have developed a process that can mimic the colors found in living organisms. Their approach has gained recognition, including being a finalist for the Earthshot Prize, which supports innovative environmental solutions.

Colorifix has received funding from brands like H&M and IKEA, allowing them to scale their technology for commercial use without needing significant changes to existing dyeing facilities. While there are challenges to widespread adoption, such as regulatory hurdles and the low margins in textile manufacturing, Colorifix is already working with mills in various countries and aims to expand further. Their technology could eventually extend to other industries, like cosmetics.

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Tesla has introduced its 'Multipass' feature in more locations, making it easier for customers to charge their cars at third-party charging stations. This initiative aims to simplify the charging process for Tesla drivers.

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The Common Crawl Foundation, a nonprofit organization that archives vast amounts of internet content, has been criticized for enabling AI companies to use paywalled articles from major news sites for free. This has raised ethical concerns about copyright infringement and the impact on journalism. Common Crawl claims it only scrapes publicly available content, yet it has collected millions of articles from sites like The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal without proper consent.

Despite requests from publishers to remove their content, evidence suggests that many articles remain in Common Crawl’s archives, and their removal processes have been slow and ineffective. The foundation's executive director, Rich Skrenta, argues that AI should have access to all online information and downplays the concerns of publishers. He believes that the internet should be open and that publishers are mistaken if they try to restrict their content.

Moreover, Common Crawl has recently received funding from AI companies, indicating a closer relationship with the industry. Critics argue that this relationship undermines the rights of content creators and could push publishers to strengthen paywalls, ultimately harming the openness of the web.

Woz in San Francisco is offering a unique job opportunity as a Founder in Residence. They have created an AI App Factory that can build business-quality mobile apps quickly. This role allows aspiring founders to create real app businesses with access to Woz's platform, a salary, a marketing budget, and a share of the revenue they generate.

They are looking for candidates who:

• Are technical builders, preferably with experience in React Native and TypeScript.
• Have previously launched products or businesses.
• Understand marketing and growth strategies, especially creative or viral approaches.
• Are eager to learn and work in-person in San Francisco for at least the first three months.

If you're interested, you can submit your information through the provided link.

Summary of LibreArm Project

When Qardio, Inc. went bankrupt, their QardioArm app disappeared, leaving users with non-functional devices. To solve this, the LibreArm project was created to revive the QardioArm.

Here’s how it was done:

1. Device Exploration: Without any official documentation, the developer used a Bluetooth exploration app to identify the device's services and characteristics.

2. Understanding Communication: Through trial and error, they figured out the specific sequences of bytes needed to communicate with the device and retrieve blood pressure readings.

3. App Development: An iOS app was built that connects directly to the QardioArm. It is designed to be user-friendly, with no accounts or cloud storage, and it saves data directly to Apple Health.

4. App Store Approval: Submitting the app to the App Store required navigating regulatory challenges because it connects to a medical device. After clarifying that it is just a wellness logging app, it was approved.

5. Open Source Release: LibreArm was made open source on GitHub, allowing anyone to use or improve it, ensuring that the app remains accessible even if it’s removed from the App Store.

In conclusion, LibreArm allows users to continue using their QardioArm devices, emphasizing the importance of software in making hardware functional. The app is now available on the App Store and GitHub, providing a way for many to revive their devices.

At Benjamin N. Cardozo High School in Queens, New York, lunchtime has become much louder and more social since a smartphone ban was implemented. Students, like 15-year-old Jimena Garcia, are engaging in board games and activities instead of using their phones, making lunchtime lively and fun. The school has provided games to help students connect and make new friends, which many appreciate.

The ban prohibits internet-enabled devices during school hours, with some exceptions for students who need them for specific reasons. Cardozo requires students to store their phones in magnetic pouches. Teachers have noted positive changes, with 89% reporting improved school environments and increased student engagement.

While many students are enjoying reading more and participating in discussions, some, like 16-year-old Ryan Tripathi, miss the convenience of their phones. A few students still try to sneak phones into school, and there are reports of increased note-passing as a way to communicate without being noticed. Overall, the ban is fostering more interaction and productivity in classrooms, though not all students agree with the restriction.

No summary available.

I created an NPM module to help with a project that involves different types of map coordinates. This module can convert between Decimal Degrees, Degrees-Minutes, and Degrees-Minutes-Seconds. It's a specific tool, but I believe it will be useful!

Bavaria plans to adopt Microsoft 365 for its government authorities by the end of the year. This move aims to create a central contract for state ministries and municipalities to use Microsoft's cloud office services. Critics, including representatives from local IT and open-source companies, warn that this could lead to license costs of nearly one billion euros over five years, which they argue would harm the local economy by diverting funds to a US corporation. Opposition parties, such as the Greens and SPD, are also concerned about the state's reliance on foreign providers instead of supporting domestic companies. They are questioning the government about the financial implications and the lack of digital independence from the US.

An engineer named Harishankar discovered that his iLife A11 smart vacuum cleaner was remotely disabled after he blocked its data collection. The vacuum was designed to send logs to the manufacturer, which he hadn't agreed to. After he noticed it stopped working, he found out that a remote kill command had been issued because he prevented it from communicating with the manufacturer's servers.

Despite being returned to him in working condition by the service center, the vacuum would fail again once it connected to his network with blocked telemetry. Harishankar managed to revive the vacuum by bypassing its security and running it offline using custom hardware and Python scripts.

He revealed that the vacuum's software was insecure, allowing easy access to personal data. This incident raised concerns about smart devices' privacy, as many similar products might have the same risky setup. Harishankar concluded that consumers should not use their main WiFi networks for IoT devices and should treat them with caution.

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Summary

The article discusses a new approach in machine learning called BaNEL (Bayesian Negative Evidence Learning), aimed at solving complex problems where success rates are extremely low and positive feedback is scarce. The authors, Sangyun Lee and Giulia Fanti from CMU ECE, highlight two main challenges in this area:

1. Sparsity of Rewards: In difficult tasks, models often receive very few or no positive rewards during training, which hampers learning.
2. Costly Evaluations: Assessing the quality of generated solutions can be expensive and risky, as it may involve extensive simulations or real-world testing.

BaNEL seeks to address these issues by enabling models to learn solely from failed attempts, using negative rewards to improve performance while minimizing evaluations. The method operates by creating a generative model that identifies patterns in failures, helping the system understand what not to do, thereby guiding it towards successful outcomes.

The authors demonstrate BaNEL's effectiveness through experiments, showing significant improvements in success rates for challenging tasks, such as adversarial attacks and reasoning problems, compared to traditional methods. The approach allows for more efficient exploration in scenarios where positive rewards are rare, emphasizing the importance of learning from failures to enhance generative model capabilities.

The article "Behind the Times: The Transformations of Fernand Braudel" reflects on the legacy of historian Fernand Braudel, who passed away 40 years ago. The author, Geoffrey Parker, recounts his first meeting with Braudel in 1967. When asked about the key quality for a historian, Braudel emphasized the importance of "imagination," rather than traditional elements like critical analysis or luck. This imaginative approach is what made Braudel one of the most significant historians of the 20th century.

(Note: Access to the full article requires a subscription.)

No summary available.

Summary of Brain-IT Research

The study introduces Brain-IT, a new method for reconstructing images seen by people using their fMRI brain recordings. This technique allows for non-invasive insights into brain activity and improves upon existing methods that often struggle to accurately recreate the images.

Key Points:

1. Data Efficiency: Brain-IT can achieve meaningful image reconstructions using only 15 minutes of fMRI data from a new subject, compared to the 40 hours typically required by current methods.

2. Innovative Architecture: The method employs a Brain Interaction Transformer (BIT) that facilitates effective communication between clusters of similar brain-voxels. This shared structure allows for better training with limited data.

3. Dual Feature Prediction: BIT predicts two types of image features:

   • High-level semantic features: Help the reconstruction align with the overall meaning of the image.
   • Low-level structural features: Provide the basic layout of the image.

4. Performance: Brain-IT's image reconstructions are more visually accurate and adhere better to objective standards compared to leading methods. It performs exceptionally well even with just one hour of data, achieving results similar to methods that use more extensive datasets.

5. Technical Framework: The BIT model processes fMRI signals to generate meaningful image features, refining them through a diffusion model that maintains structural integrity.

Overall, Brain-IT marks a significant advancement in the field of image reconstruction from brain activity, making it possible to create accurate images with much less data than previously required.

The article discusses how QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) can improve peer-to-peer (p2p) networking, particularly in overcoming challenges posed by Network Address Translation (NAT). Here are the key points:

1. NAT Challenges: NATs allow multiple devices to share a single public IP address but can prevent direct communication between devices behind NATs. This creates difficulties for p2p connections.

2. Traditional Solutions:

   • STUN: Used to discover a device's public IP by sending requests to a server.
   • ICE: Facilitates hole punching, allowing two devices to establish a direct connection by sending packets simultaneously.
   • TURN: Acts as a relay server for cases where direct connections fail, albeit with potential latency and cost.

3. QUIC Enhancements:

   • Connection Migration: QUIC allows connections to switch between IP addresses seamlessly, which can be adapted for p2p use.
   • Address Discovery: QUIC can replace STUN by enabling nodes to discover their public addresses through a built-in mechanism, making it more secure and efficient.
   • Coordinated Hole Punching: QUIC introduces new frames (like ADD_ADDRESS and PUNCH_ME_NOW) to streamline the hole punching process, allowing nodes to communicate effectively.

4. Proxying UDP: QUIC supports UDP packet proxying over HTTP, which helps maintain communication even when NATs are involved.

5. Future Developments: The article mentions upcoming multipath extensions for QUIC that will allow simultaneous use of multiple paths, enhancing reliability and performance for p2p communications.

6. Current Status: While many concepts are documented and standardized as RFCs, no complete implementations are yet in production.

In summary, the article outlines how QUIC can significantly simplify and enhance NAT traversal for p2p connections, potentially leading to more efficient and reliable networking solutions.

The author, Mr. TIFF, has dedicated over 10,000 hours to accurately credit the inventors of hardware and software. He emphasizes the importance of talking to people involved in historical inventions to ensure factual accuracy, as memories can fade over time. While researching the AIFF audio standard, he discovered the challenges in tracing the origins of the TIFF image format, which had no clear individual creator listed.

After extensive searching, he found that the initial specifications document contained the name of Stephen E. Carlsen, the actual inventor of TIFF, hidden in white text. Carlsen had played a crucial role in promoting TIFF as an industry standard for scanned images during his time at Aldus. The author eventually connected with Carlsen, who confirmed his contributions, but sadly learned that Carlsen had passed away shortly after their correspondence began.

The author reflected on the significance of his research and updated the Wikipedia page for TIFF to properly honor Carlsen as its creator. This illustrates the author's commitment to recognizing the individuals behind technological innovations.

The speaker expresses concern about the introduction of AI (co-pilot) in Excel, which is crucial for the economy. They highlight the importance of a mid-level employee named Brenda, who is skilled in Excel and plays a vital role in creating financial reports. The speaker worries that if AI replaces Brenda’s expertise, it could lead to mistakes in reports, as AI may not understand Excel well and can produce incorrect results. In contrast, Brenda understands the software perfectly and doesn’t make errors.

No summary available.

Summary: Why Your Best Engineers Are Interviewing Elsewhere

Engineers often leave companies not just for better pay, but due to a lack of agency and voice in technical decisions. A case from a 2018 SaaS company illustrates this: a senior engineer raised concerns about a database system that wouldn't scale, but his warnings were ignored. After several resignations, it was clear that communication issues within the organization led to executives being unaware of employee dissatisfaction until it was too late.

Hierarchical structures in organizations can filter out critical information, leading to a disconnect between engineers and executives. Middle managers often suppress bad news to maintain control, resulting in executives receiving outdated and sanitized reports. This filtering can cause small issues to escalate into crises that could have been prevented with earlier intervention.

Key reasons engineers leave include:

1. Loss of Agency: Engineers feel their expertise is disregarded in decision-making.
2. Unaddressed Technical Debt: Engineers see critical infrastructure issues being ignored, leading to predictable failures.
3. Meaningless Work: Talented engineers are often assigned tasks that don’t utilize their skills.

To prevent these issues, executives should foster open communication. Regular skip-level conversations, where executives speak directly with lower-level engineers, can help gather ground-level insights. This approach allows problems to be identified and addressed early, improving retention and reducing hiring costs.

Ultimately, organizations that prioritize clear communication and responsiveness to engineering concerns are more successful in retaining talent and preventing costly turnover.

No summary available.

Summary of "Koan 15: The Invisible Ink"

This text discusses important concepts about Unicode and how characters are represented in Python. Here are the key points:

1. Visual vs. Machine Representation: Characters we see as glyphs (like letters) are represented by numbers (code points) in computers. Two visually identical characters can be different at the machine level.

2. Canonical Equivalence: For example, the character "é" can be represented as a single code point (NFC) or two code points (NFD). Python treats these forms as different, which can lead to confusion.

3. Normalization: To compare characters accurately, we should standardize their forms using Python’s unicodedata.normalize() function. Normalizing ensures visually identical characters are treated the same in terms of code points.

4. String Length Confusion: The len() function counts code points, not visual characters. This can complicate tasks like truncating text. A better approach is to normalize strings before counting.

5. Invisible Characters: Some characters, like the Zero Width Space, are invisible but can cause issues in text processing. Using repr() can reveal these hidden characters.

6. Homographic Attacks: Attackers can exploit Unicode similarities to create misleading domain names that appear legitimate, leading to phishing scams.

The overall lesson is to focus on the actual data representation in code rather than just the visual appearance of text to ensure accurate processing and to avoid potential security risks.

The article discusses valuable lessons that U.S. managers can learn from Japanese management practices, particularly in decision-making, employment policies, and training systems.

1. Consensus Decision-Making: Japanese organizations prioritize reaching a consensus before making decisions. This process involves thorough discussions to define the problem rather than jumping to solutions. Although this may frustrate Western managers, it leads to effective implementation of decisions since everyone is already on board.

2. Lifetime Employment: While many Japanese workers enjoy job security, the concept of "lifetime employment" is nuanced. Workers are generally secure in their roles unless there's a severe economic crisis. Japanese companies can adjust their workforce in downturns but do so in a way that protects those most in need. The retirement system also contributes to labor flexibility.

3. Continuous Training: Japanese employees participate in ongoing training throughout their careers. This system encourages adaptability and continuous improvement in job skills, which contrasts with the more specialized training common in the West. Continuous training helps workers embrace change and enhances overall productivity.

4. Manager Development: Japanese companies focus on developing future leaders from within. Senior managers invest time in understanding and mentoring younger employees, ensuring that the right individuals are prepared for leadership roles.

Overall, the article suggests that while Japanese management practices stem from unique cultural traditions, they offer insights that could help improve decision-making efficiency, workforce flexibility, and employee development in Western organizations.

No summary available.

No summary available.

The human visual system (HVS) has key differences from a standard 50mm camera lens.

1. Shape of Vision: The HVS has an oval shape, unlike the rectangular image produced by a camera. It includes both binocular (viewed by both eyes) and monocular (viewed by one eye) areas.

2. Binocular Vision: Human vision primarily uses both eyes, allowing for a wider visual field. The total horizontal field of view is about 190-200°, with 120° being binocular vision and the rest monocular.

3. Vertical Field: Vertically, the visual field is around 130°, with 50° above and 70-80° below the eye's horizontal line of sight.

4. Image Perception: Capturing a human-like image with a camera is difficult, as it would require a special lens that could distort the view, something the HVS naturally adjusts for.

Overall, the HVS is complex and allows for a unique perception of the world that differs from camera technology.

The author shares their experience with a text-based user interface (TUI) application used by their family’s wholesale distribution business since 1993. This system handles everything from customer management to invoicing and has transitioned from old terminals to modern emulators. The author, who became a software engineer, originally automated tasks for this system using Microsoft Access and VBA, and notes that a Windows XP machine is still running these old scripts, saving significant time.

Recently, they returned to help update these scripts using Python, which has improved error handling. The author wonders if other companies still rely on similar TUI systems for core operations or if their family's continued use is due to the efficiency improvements made over the years. They seek to know if others are still using TUI applications and if anyone is migrating old automation scripts to modern frameworks. The system mentioned was initially created by ADP and is now owned by Epicor.

No summary available.

Apple's upcoming iOS 26.2 will allow users in Japan to install third-party app stores on their devices, starting with a beta version released to developers. This change is in response to new Japanese laws aimed at reducing the dominance of major tech companies. Currently, only users in the EU can access alternative app stores.

The Japanese parliament passed legislation in June 2024 requiring Apple to permit third-party app stores and payment providers. Additionally, new guidelines from the Japan Fair Trade Commission will prevent companies like Apple and Google from blocking alternative app stores on their platforms. These rules will take effect by December 18, 2025, shortly after iOS 26.2 is expected to be released. Epic Games plans to bring its Fortnite game and store to iOS in Japan by late 2025.

No summary available.

No summary available.

I created qqqa as an open-source tool to make it easier to manage simple commands without switching between different platforms. It includes two main components:

1. qq (quick question) - This is a read-only tool for commands that are often forgotten.
2. qa (quick agent) - This tool can execute commands but requires user approval after showing its planned actions.

The project follows the Unix philosophy of using focused, simple tools and operates without keeping state, unlike many other coding agents. I've had great results using Groq with gpt-oss-20b for fast responses, but it works with any OpenAI-compatible API. I'm interested to see if others find it useful and welcome any questions.

The Pied Piper legend, popularized by the Grimm Brothers and Robert Browning, may be based on a real historical event. In Hamelin, Germany, Michael Boyer dresses as the Pied Piper to lead tours, highlighting the town's connection to the tale. The story suggests that the Piper was hired to rid the town of rats, but when the townspeople refused to pay, he lured away their children instead. This folklore has a dark undertone, reflecting deep fears of losing children.

Historical records indicate that on June 26, 1284, 130 children disappeared, possibly linked to a migration or even a children's crusade. Some theories suggest they were led away by a recruiter or fell victim to a "dancing mania," a phenomenon where groups would dance uncontrollably. The specific date of their disappearance coincides with pagan midsummer celebrations, leading to speculations about a tragic event involving the youth.

The story of the Pied Piper resonates globally, symbolizing a shared cultural heritage while also hinting at a historical mystery that continues to intrigue historians and visitors alike.

Summary:

XDP (eXpress Data Path) is a powerful packet processing framework in Linux that efficiently handles incoming (ingress) traffic at high speeds. However, it traditionally doesn't support outgoing (egress) traffic, which is a significant limitation for applications that require high-performance live migrations of workloads.

At Loophole Labs, the team discovered a method to use XDP for egress traffic by leveraging Virtual Ethernet (veth) interfaces. When packets are sent through these virtual interfaces, they can be treated as ingress traffic, allowing XDP to process them. This approach improves performance significantly—up to 10 times better than current methods, working seamlessly with existing Docker and Kubernetes setups without requiring any changes to infrastructure.

The main advantages of this technique include:

• Performance: Achieves near line-rate speeds (up to 194 Gbps) compared to traditional methods like Traffic Control (TC) and iptables.
• Efficiency: Bypasses the overhead of the Linux kernel, reducing CPU usage and speeding up packet routing.
• Immediate Application: Can be implemented without altering existing container networking setups, providing immediate benefits.

Loophole Labs plans to open-source a Docker network plugin that utilizes this technique, further enhancing container networking capabilities. This discovery not only optimizes live migration processes but also contributes to the broader goal of improving application performance through better networking solutions.

Summary of SPy Overview

SPy is an open-source project designed to create an interpreter and compiler for a statically typed version of Python, focusing on enhancing performance. Unlike traditional Python compilers that strive for 100% compatibility, SPy acknowledges that it will not support all Python features, particularly those that are dynamic. Programs written in SPy will use the *.spy file extension to distinguish them from standard Python files.

The motivation behind SPy stems from the challenges of optimizing Python, which is inherently dynamic and complex. Many existing solutions either aim for full compatibility with Python (like PyPy) or create subsets that lack Python's expressiveness (like Cython). SPy seeks to strike a balance by removing some dynamic features while introducing new capabilities that still allow for Pythonic coding practices.

Key Goals of SPy:

1. Ease of Use: SPy is designed to be user-friendly and easy to implement.
2. Performance: Aims for performance comparable to languages like C and Rust.
3. Static Typing: Enforces type annotations, improving reliability and speed.
4. Metaprogramming Support: Allows advanced programming techniques similar to those in Python.
5. Predictable Performance: Offers consistent performance characteristics without unexpected slowdowns.

Currently, SPy is in development and is not yet suitable for extensive use, but it has shown promising speed improvements in demo applications. It plans to support Python library imports in the future and offers unique features that are not available in standard Python.

The project is inspired by past experiences, insights from optimizing Python in practice, and the realization that many developers already write in constrained subsets of Python for better performance. SPy aims to formalize these constraints while maintaining the flexibility and power that make Python popular.

For users interested in exploring SPy or contributing to its development, the project's repository and Discord server are available for collaboration and discussion.

The text is a question from Raymond Chen dated November 3, 2025, asking why the SHFormatDateTime function uses a FILETIME structure that is not aligned.

Microsoft has acknowledged it cannot ensure the protection of EU data from U.S. authorities. During a French Senate inquiry, Anton Carniaux, Microsoft's director in France, stated he could not guarantee that French citizens' data would not be shared with U.S. officials without French consent. Under the U.S. Cloud Act, U.S. companies must comply with requests for data, regardless of where it is stored. While Carniaux noted that such requests have not happened, this raises serious concerns about data sovereignty in Europe.

This issue is particularly relevant to Project Bleu, a partnership involving Microsoft, Orange, and Capgemini, which raises questions about the security of sensitive health data. The situation highlights the risks of depending on major U.S. cloud providers like Microsoft and AWS, despite their claims of offering secure services. There is a growing push in Europe to create local solutions for true data sovereignty, as U.S. companies hold 69% of the cloud market in Europe, compared to just 13% for EU firms.

Summary of slackfs

slackfs is a project that allows you to access Slack channels and messages as if they were files and folders on your computer. This is done using a special method called FUSE, which makes it possible to interact with Slack using regular command line tools.

To set it up, you need to run these commands:

1. Clean up your Go modules with go mod tidy && go mod vendor.
2. Build the application with go build ./cmd/slackfs.
3. Mount Slack to a directory using ./slackfs -mountpoint /tmp/slackfs-mnt.

If you want to stop the program, you can press Ctrl+C, and it will try to unmount cleanly. If there are still open shells connected to the mount, it will force quit after 5 seconds. After stopping, ensure everything is cleaned up by running umount /tmp/slackfs-mnt and removing the mount directory.

Chrome plans to remove XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) from its browser by November 2026 due to security risks. XSLT is used to transform XML documents into formats like HTML, but its continued use has led to vulnerabilities and a decline in relevance, as modern web development increasingly relies on JavaScript and JSON.

Key Points:

1. Removal Timeline:

   • Oct 2025: Warning messages will begin appearing in Chrome.
   • Dec 2025: Official deprecation of XSLT features.
   • Mar 2026: XSLT will be disabled by default in early Chrome versions.
   • Nov 2026: XSLT will stop working for most users.

2. Security Concerns:

   • XSLT processing libraries like libxslt are outdated and prone to security vulnerabilities.
   • The move aims to reduce risks and simplify the browser.

3. Alternatives for Migration:

   • Server-side Transformation: Move processing to the server and send HTML to clients.
   • JSON: Transition from XML to JSON for data handling.
   • Client-side Libraries: Use JavaScript-based libraries like Saxonica for XSLT processing.
   • Polyfills and Extensions: Implement polyfills to maintain XSLT functionality in existing applications or use browser extensions.

4. Specific Use Cases:

   • For RSS and Atom feeds, add HTML links for better user experience instead of direct XML links.
   • For embedded devices generating XML data, extensions can help maintain readability without updates.

Overall, the removal of XSLT is part of a broader effort to enhance security and modernize web development practices. Developers are encouraged to migrate their applications before the removal date.

The text discusses two books related to haunted houses: Matt Blake's "Hearth of Darkness" and Caitlin Blackwell Baines' "How to Build a Haunted House."

In 1991, Jeffrey Stambovsky sued the owners of a house in New York for not revealing it was haunted, leading the court to declare the house legally haunted. While some regions, like Japan, require disclosures about haunted properties, the U.S. and the U.K. have less stringent laws regarding such disclosures. Matt Blake, after buying a house in Walthamstow, experienced eerie occurrences and later discovered it had a dark history involving a violent criminal.

Blake's exploration focuses on why homes are often seen as haunted. He interviews ghost hunters, psychologists, and an exorcist, emphasizing that people can choose how to respond to their fears. Baines, in her book, argues that while violent histories can enhance a house's haunted reputation, they aren't necessary for hauntings to occur. She traces the concept of the modern haunted house to Horace Walpole, who created the archetype with his Gothic novel "The Castle of Otranto."

Baines explores cultural beliefs about ghosts and how they relate to family dynamics and personal histories. She notes that many haunted house stories reflect unresolved family issues and societal fears. Furthermore, she highlights how haunted houses have become commercialized, with tourism capitalizing on ghost stories. Some stories, however, can obscure painful histories, as seen in the case of the Myrtles Plantation, where a fabricated ghost story distracts from the realities of slavery.

Both authors conclude that haunted house narratives often serve as a way to confront or escape from past traumas, inviting readers to ponder the nature of belief in the supernatural.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Summary of Moving Tables Across PostgreSQL Instances

In November 2025, the process for moving specific tables between PostgreSQL instances was discussed. Here's a simplified breakdown of the steps involved:

1. Access Permissions: Grant replication access to users on both the source and destination databases.

2. Copy Schema: Ensure the table schema is identical on both instances. Use pg_dump to export and restore the schema without constraints and indexes first.

3. Logical Replication: Understand that logical replication has two modes:

   • Initial Dump: Transfers data from the source to the destination.
   • Change Data Capture (CDC): Applies real-time changes after the initial dump.

4. Setting Up Replication:

   • Create a publication on the source for the tables to migrate.
   • Create a subscription on the destination to receive the data.

5. Monitor Replication: Wait for the initial data transfer to complete and check the replication status.

6. Add Constraints: Once replication is active, add indexes and foreign keys to the tables.

7. Analyze and Vacuum: Run ANALYZE to update statistics for query optimization, and optionally run VACUUM.

8. Switchover:

   • Update sequence values manually to avoid conflicts.
   • Stop writes to the source instance and switch to the destination once replication lag is zero.

9. Using PgBouncer: This PostgreSQL proxy can help minimize downtime by allowing quick connection changes without restarts.

10. Cleanup: After successful migration, drop the publication and subscription to clean up the setup.

This process requires careful planning and execution to ensure a smooth migration with minimal downtime.

No summary available.

The text discusses the analysis of unisex baby names in the U.S. using Social Security Administration data. The author, Aaron J. Becker, addresses comments on the complexity of defining name gender neutrality and presents visualizations of names that are commonly given to both boys and girls.

Key points include:

1. Data Analysis: The author used baby name data from the SSA to identify names that are popular for both genders. The analysis spans two time periods: since 1940 and since 2000.

2. Name Popularity: The author established thresholds for the number of births to include in the analysis: 25,000 births for names since 1940 and 10,000 since 2000. This resulted in lists of names that are considered unisex based on their gender distribution.

3. Findings: The analysis revealed 40 names meeting the 25,000 birth threshold since 1940 and 39 names since 2000. The author noted a trend where names typically given to boys are also used for girls, more than the opposite.

4. Visualization: The data is presented using horizontal bar charts that display the gender distribution of these names, helping to visualize their popularity.

5. Conclusion: The author invites feedback and further discussion about the data and names, mentioning a preference for names that have a significant gender balance.

Overall, the post highlights the evolving nature of baby names and their gender associations in contemporary society.

No summary available.

Summary of Intervaltree in Rust

The Intervaltree crate provides an interval tree implementation in Rust that can be used in Python through PyO3. This allows users to create an interval tree, add intervals, search for overlapping intervals, and delete intervals using their (left, right) keys.

Requirements:

• Rust toolchain (to compile)
• Python 3.8 or higher
• maturin for building and installing the package

Quick Start:

1. Create a virtual environment:

   python -m venv .venv
   source .venv/bin/activate
   

2. Install maturin:

   pip install maturin
   

3. Build and install the package:

   maturin develop
   

4. You can also install it directly with:

   pip install intervaltree_rs
   

Usage: To use the interval tree in Python:

from intervaltree_rs import IntervalTree

# Create a tree with intervals
intervals = [(5, 10, "a"), (12, 18, "b"), (1, 4, "c")]
tree = IntervalTree.from_tuples(intervals)

# Insert a new interval
tree.insert((8, 11, "d"))

# Search for overlapping intervals
hits = tree.search(9, 10)
for left, right, value in hits:
    print(left, right, value)

# Delete an interval
removed = tree.delete((12, 18))
print("Removed:", removed)

Search Options: You can specify whether the search is inclusive or exclusive using the inclusive flag.

Building a Distributable Wheel: To create a distributable wheel for PyPI:

maturin build --release

The wheels will be saved in the target/wheels/ directory.

Testing: You can run tests using:

cargo test

These tests cover the Python bindings through Rust unit tests.

Summary

The chemparse project in Python helps convert chemical formulas into dictionaries that show the count of each element. It can handle various types of formulas, including:

• Simple formulas (e.g., "H2O")
• Fractional stoichiometry (e.g., "C1.5O3")
• Grouped elements (e.g., "(CH3)2")
• Nested groups (e.g., "((CH3)2)3")
• Square bracket notation (e.g., "K4[Fe(SCN)6]")

The author is creating a similar tool using Factor programming language, employing EBNF syntax to simplify parsing. The process involves:

1. Defining symbols and numbers.
2. Creating pairs of elements and their counts.
3. Flattening the parsed data into a format that maps each element to its count.

Testing shows that the tool works as intended with several example formulas. The code is available on GitHub.

No summary available.

Microsoft and Google claim their data centers in Chile will create thousands of jobs, but permit filings tell a different story. While the tech giants and the Chilean government announced over 81,000 potential jobs, actual data indicates that only about 1,547 full-time positions will be available, mostly in security and cleaning roles.

Local communities report little benefit from these foreign investments, and many residents are concerned about the environmental impacts of the data centers, which consume significant water and energy. Despite training programs for locals to work in data centers, the jobs are specialized and not easily filled by the community.

The majority of new data centers are owned by major tech firms and are being built to leverage Chile's renewable energy resources. However, critics argue that the jobs created are not new and that many will go to foreign workers. Estimates by consulting firms often include indirect jobs and temporary positions, leading to inflated job creation claims. Overall, the reality of job creation from these data centers appears to be much lower than initially promoted.

David Cook, a tinkerer, shares his experience modifying SimpleText to open a smaller text window at startup. Initially, he thought it would be simple, but it became complex. He learned that to modify the code, he needed a code editor and had to disassemble SimpleText's code.

He discovered that resizing windows requires avoiding certain types of windows like images or videos. Instead of directly changing constants, he had to create a new routine to detect text windows and adjust their size. This involved careful code management to ensure everything worked without errors. He also had to patch additional parts of the code that resized windows based on document content.

David detailed several technical strategies he used, including storing variables within the code and managing function calls efficiently. He encountered some issues with the tools he used, like ResEdit, but found workarounds.

Ultimately, he shared his modified version of SimpleText and hoped his insights would help others patch old software.

No summary available.

Summary of Andrea Gallo's Announcement on RISC-V International

Andrea Gallo, CEO of RISC-V International, highlights the organization's recent achievement of being recognized as a Publicly Available Specification (PAS) Submitter by the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee (JTC 1). This status allows RISC-V International to submit its specifications, starting with the RISC-V Instruction Set Manual, for consideration as international standards.

RISC-V is an open industry standard, similar to USB and Wi-Fi, which allows engineers worldwide to design products while engaging with a global ecosystem. The decision-making process at RISC-V International is collaborative, ensuring transparency and consistency in updates to the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA).

International standards are crucial because they ensure compatibility between products from different manufacturers, reducing integration costs. Gallo emphasizes that achieving ISO/IEC standard status will enhance market access and trust in RISC-V, as it will distinguish compliant products from non-compliant ones.

RISC-V's ISA has been stable for nine years and has gained widespread adoption. The organization is committed to continuing its collaboration with JTC 1 to evolve and expand the ISA, aiming to solidify RISC-V's role in the future of open computing.

Gallo invites others to join the RISC-V community and contribute to shaping this open standard.

No summary available.

Summary: Making MLS More Decentralized

Phoenix R&D supports the Messaging Layer Security (MLS) protocol, which is important for secure group messaging. MLS allows group members to agree on shared keys and provides security features like Forward Secrecy and Post-Compromise Security. However, MLS requires a central service to manage message order, which can be a challenge in decentralized systems.

To address this, the team proposes DMLS, a new specification that allows group states to fork, creating a directed acyclic graph (DAG) instead of a strict chain of commits. This helps manage multiple versions of group states but complicates the preservation of Forward Secrecy.

Forward Secrecy is crucial because it ensures that if a group's key is compromised, past messages cannot be decrypted. The team adopts a technique called "puncturing," which allows the removal of old key material while still processing new commits, thus maintaining security.

The implementation of DMLS involves creating a Puncturable Pseudorandom Function (PPRF) and modifying the storage system to support multiple epochs. While there is some increased complexity and storage requirements, DMLS enhances security in decentralized messaging systems.

For those interested in trying DMLS or learning more about its theoretical background, a proof-of-concept implementation is available based on OpenMLS. Feedback and collaboration are encouraged through their contact.

Plexe, founded by Vaibhav and Marcello, creates machine learning (ML) models from simple language descriptions. Users can describe the ML problem they want to solve, connect their data, and Plexe takes care of everything from data processing to model deployment.

The main advantages of Plexe include:

• Automating the repetitive tasks that usually consume a lot of time for ML teams.
• Analyzing data and engineering features automatically.
• Experimenting with different model architectures.
• Providing detailed evaluation reports with actionable insights.
• Deploying the best model and managing its performance over time.

Since their last update five months ago, they have launched a commercial platform with advanced features like interactive model refinement and analytics dashboards. The platform uses specialized agents for different stages of the ML process, and users can track experiments and export Python code.

Plexe offers an open-source version for free and a paid product with usage-based pricing. Interested users can sign up and use a promo code for a discount. Feedback on the platform is welcomed.

The text discusses how to improve the pre-training of language models when there is a fixed amount of data but no limits on computing power. Key points include:

1. Overfitting Issues: Current methods that increase the number of training epochs and model parameters eventually lead to overfitting.

2. Regularization Improvement: By properly tuning regularization, we found that the best weight decay is much larger than what is typically used, which helps reduce loss.

3. Performance Estimation: Instead of measuring performance at a fixed compute level, we estimate the best possible performance based on a theoretical scaling law.

4. Ensemble Models: Combining multiple independently trained models results in a much lower loss compared to regular methods.

5. Efficient Strategy: Our best approach, which mixes training strategies and model scaling, allows us to achieve better results using significantly less data.

6. Model Distillation: We can create a smaller model that retains most of the benefits of the ensemble, making the process more efficient.

7. Generalization: The improvements in training methods also translate to better performance on other tasks, showing a significant boost in efficiency.

Overall, the findings suggest that simple adjustments can lead to much more efficient pre-training of language models in a future with abundant computing resources.

Summary of DynGen on GitHub

DynGen is a tool that allows users to write and run dynamic Digital Signal Processing (DSP) scripts on a SuperCollider server using the EEL2 language. It functions similarly to the gen~ object in Max MSP.

Key features of DynGen include:

1. Dynamic Script Execution: Users can create and modify scripts in real-time, enabling live coding of DSP.
2. Examples of Use:
   • Amplitude Reduction: A simple script demonstrates how to halve the amplitude of a signal.
   • Complex Sound Generation: More advanced examples show how to create sounds using cross-phase modulation with oversampling.
   • Modulatable Delay Lines: Users can easily create adjustable delay effects.

The DynGen interface is currently in beta and may change, and feedback from the community is welcomed, especially regarding Windows compatibility.

The creator acknowledges the support received from a community member and encourages users to experiment with DynGen to produce new sounds and innovative DSP techniques.

OpenAI is looking for support from the U.S. government to help fund a massive expansion of its AI infrastructure, which could cost over $1 trillion. At a Wall Street Journal event, CFO Sarah Friar mentioned that the company is considering federal loan guarantees to attract more funding, which would lower borrowing costs and make it easier to access credit. This approach is unusual for a tech company, as it usually relies on government support like industries such as energy and infrastructure.

OpenAI's request comes amid significant financial commitments, including a $300 billion deal with Oracle and a $500 billion data center project with Oracle and SoftBank. Although OpenAI expects to earn billions this year, its income is still much lower than the costs needed for its AI operations. Friar also stated that an initial public offering (IPO) is not being considered right now, as the company is focused on expanding its capabilities and securing necessary financing for its future goals.

Summary: Preventing Kubernetes from Pulling the Pause Image from the Internet

The author emphasizes the importance of ensuring that your internal Kubernetes (k8s) platform does not rely on the internet for its operations. Specifically, when a pod is created, k8s nodes default to pulling a "pause image" from the internet, which can affect reliability.

To avoid this dependency, you can configure your container runtime (containerd) to use a local version of the pause image instead. This involves updating the containerd configuration file to point to your own registry where the pause image is stored.

The pause image is crucial as it acts as the container that manages the sandbox environment for a pod. While it used to handle zombie processes, this function is no longer its primary role in k8s versions 1.8 and above.

The author advises mirroring the pause image locally to avoid any issues with external service reliability, as the official registry does not guarantee uptime.

In conclusion, it’s recommended to set up your k8s environment to minimize internet dependencies by using a local copy of the pause image.

PennyLane is a free, open-source Python library for quantum computing, machine learning, and chemistry. It allows users to build quantum circuits, run simulations, and apply quantum algorithms. Here are the key features:

1. Quantum Programming: Create quantum circuits with various gates and measurements, and run them on simulators or real hardware.

2. Quantum Algorithms: Access algorithms for both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum computing, analyze their performance, and visualize circuits.

3. Machine Learning Integration: Use PennyLane with popular libraries like PyTorch and TensorFlow to train models that utilize quantum computing.

4. Quantum Datasets: Utilize high-quality datasets to speed up research and algorithm development.

5. Performance Features: Experimental support for compiling workflows and real-time feedback.

To install PennyLane, you need Python 3.11 or higher, and you can use pip for installation. Docker support is also available.

PennyLane provides resources like demos, a quickstart guide, and detailed documentation to help users get started. The library is actively used in research, and contributions are encouraged. Users can report issues or suggest features on GitHub.

Overall, PennyLane aims to support researchers in quantum computing and related fields, fostering collaboration and innovation within the community.