Public Sans is a versatile and neutral typeface designed for use in interfaces, text, and headings. You can download version 2.001 of Public Sans. It was developed by the U.S. Web Design System (USWDS), and you can help improve it by contributing on GitHub.

Netflix is exploring ways to improve the quality of its content by developing open source test titles in documentary, live action, and animation. These titles are meant to encourage innovation and learning in the entertainment industry while protecting original programming. Many of these titles are available for streaming on Netflix and can be enjoyed with a Premium subscription on HDR devices.

Here are some key projects:

1. Sol Levante (2020): The first 4K HDR anime short, created with Production I.G to enhance anime workflows. Assets available for download include various HDR formats and project files.

2. Nocturne (2018): A live action piece shot at 120fps to test complex scenes and codecs. Downloadable assets include video masters and sound files.

3. Sparks (2017): A test shot at 4K and high frame rates, focusing on lighting contrasts. Download options include various HDR formats and original camera files.

4. Meridian (2016): The first narrative test title, mastered in Dolby Vision with multiple audio tracks. Downloadable assets include UHD files and Atmos metadata.

5. Cosmos Laundromat (2016): An animated short created with Blender, graded in HDR. Downloadable assets include HDR video and scripts.

6. Chimera (2014): A live action test featuring codec-challenging scenes. Downloadable assets include 4K HDR video sequences.

7. El Fuente (2013): A documentary short shot in 4K at varying frame rates. Downloadable assets include video files in YUV4Mpeg format.

Users can download these assets directly from Netflix's OpenContent bucket, with guidance for both single file downloads and more extensive file transfers using command line tools. The content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License.

No summary available.

The British Empire completed its Red Line subsea telegraph network by 1902, enabling fast communication worldwide, with messages delivered in minutes or hours. This network was designed for resilience, featuring a ring structure that allowed rerouting in case of disruptions and multiple cables between endpoints to prevent total communication loss. The British military believed it would be difficult for an enemy to cut enough cables to sever communications entirely. For example, isolating the British Isles would require shutting down 57 cables. The Empire was also self-sufficient in manufacturing and repairing these cables, supported by its powerful navy.

Summary of pgvectorscale

pgvectorscale is an enhanced version of pgvector, designed for better performance and cost-effective storage in AI applications. It introduces several key features:

1. New Index Type: The StreamingDiskANN index, which improves embedding search based on Microsoft's DiskANN algorithm.
2. Compression Method: Uses Statistical Binary Quantization for better data compression.
3. Filtered Vector Search: Combines vector similarity search with label filtering for improved accuracy.

In benchmarks, pgvectorscale showed significant improvements over Pinecone, achieving 28 times lower latency and 16 times higher query throughput while being 75% cheaper when self-hosted on AWS EC2.

Development and Installation: pgvectorscale is built in Rust and can be installed via Docker, from source, or on Timescale Cloud. It requires a PostgreSQL database setup.

Usage:

• Create a table for embeddings and add a StreamingDiskANN index for efficient searches.
• Supports both label-based filtering and arbitrary WHERE clause filtering for customized searches.

Performance Tuning: pgvectorscale allows tuning of various parameters for index building and querying to balance performance and accuracy.

Community Involvement: pgvectorscale is still in development, inviting contributions and feedback from users to shape future features.

About Timescale: Timescale offers cloud-based PostgreSQL services optimized for high-performance applications, particularly in AI and analytics.

Summary: Times New American: A Tale of Two Fonts

On December 9, 2025, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio ordered the State Department to revert to using 14-point Times New Roman for official documents, reversing a previous change to 15-point Calibri made during the Biden administration. This decision highlights the connection between aesthetics and power, as typography can signal authority and tradition.

Rubio's memo argues that serif fonts like Times New Roman convey professionalism and align with historical practices, while dismissing the previous change as a superficial move linked to diversity and inclusion efforts. However, many people do not see serif fonts as inherently authoritative, and Times New Roman itself is often criticized for its lack of visual impact and professionalism.

The choice of Times New Roman is largely due to its practicality and historical use rather than aesthetic superiority. Critics argue that other serif fonts would better convey authority. Meanwhile, Calibri, the previous font, was chosen for reasons related to accessibility but is also seen as unsuitable for formal documents.

Overall, the transition back to Times New Roman is viewed as a politically motivated move rather than a well-considered design decision. While it may be a recognizable default, it does not necessarily enhance the quality or authority of State Department documents.

Jasmin Taylor, a former assistant curator trainee, discusses the significance of undersea telegraph cables in the history of communication and how they relate to modern technology. While many think communication relies on satellites, 97% of internet data actually travels through undersea copper and fibre-optic cables, which stretch about 1.2 million kilometers worldwide.

These cables are vital for global communication, commerce, and military functions. The first telegraph cables were laid in the late 1800s, significantly speeding up information transfer compared to traditional methods. The cables reflected Britain's imperial power, with gutta percha—a natural plastic from Malaysia—being a key material used to insulate them.

As telegraph technology advanced, Britain and the USA established strong communication ties, leading to the Transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. However, the demand for gutta percha endangered the trees that produced it, prompting Britain to exploit Malay resources for cable production.

Today, modern fibre-optic cables follow similar routes as the old telegraph lines, often connecting former British colonies. These cables are crucial for digital connectivity but are vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and geopolitical tensions. Fiji, for example, once a British colony, is now developing its own telecommunications infrastructure with multiple fibre-optic cables.

As political relationships shift, subsea cables can become targets, but they also offer economic growth opportunities for the regions they connect. Overall, undersea cables play a crucial role in shaping global communication, from historical telegraphs to current 5G networks. More information can be found at the Science Museum's Information Age gallery.

The author, whose entertainment business has seen a 50% drop in revenue over the past three months, is struggling with ineffective Google Ads despite increased efforts and budgets. After trying various strategies, including a temporary bonus from Google, they saw no return on investment and decided to stop spending more on ads.

To adapt, the author is exploring advertising on platforms like TikTok and Instagram, where many young people now get their information. They also emphasize the importance of their existing customer base, which consists of 50% returning customers, and have started a regular email newsletter to reconnect with them.

In addition, they plan to engage in physical advertising by attending markets and offering free shows. They are also working on new projects related to their Magic Poi product. Currently, the author is facing financial difficulties and is open to taking on website or IoT projects for extra income.

Summary of Swift Concurrency

Overview Swift Concurrency simplifies how we handle asynchronous code using concepts like async/await, Tasks, and Actors. It makes writing non-blocking code easier and safer by managing how and where code runs.

Key Concepts:

1. Async/Await:

   • Async Functions: Marked with async, these functions can pause execution. You use await to call them, which tells the program to pause until the function completes.
   • Example:

     func fetchUser(id: Int) async throws -> User {
         let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)  // Suspends here
         return try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: data)
     }
     

2. Tasks:

   • Creating Tasks: Use Task { } to start async work from synchronous code. This allows you to manage tasks, wait for results, or cancel them.
   • Example:

     Button("Save") {
         Task { await saveProfile() }
     }
     

3. Task Groups:

   • Use TaskGroup to perform multiple async operations in parallel. This helps manage related tasks together, ensuring they all complete or cancel together.

4. Isolation and Safety:

   • Swift uses an isolation model to protect data. You can define boundaries on who can access certain data, preventing data races (simultaneous access to the same memory space).
   • MainActor: This is the main thread where UI updates happen. Use @MainActor to ensure UI-related code runs on the main thread.
   • Actors: These are types that protect their mutable state, ensuring only one piece of code can access their data at a time.

5. Sendable:

   • This protocol marks types that can safely cross isolation boundaries. Value types are usually Sendable, while mutable classes are not.

6. Approachable Concurrency:

   • With settings like SWIFT_DEFAULT_ACTOR_ISOLATION = MainActor, most code runs on the main actor unless specified otherwise. This reduces complexity and helps avoid common mistakes.

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming async means background work: Async functions can still block the main thread if not used properly.
• Creating too many actors: Only use actors when you need isolated mutable state; otherwise, keep it simple.
• Blocking threads: Avoid using semaphores or blocking calls in async code to prevent deadlocks.

Conclusion: Start with basic concepts like marking your ViewModels with @MainActor and using async/await for network calls. As you grow more comfortable, explore advanced features like TaskGroups and @concurrent for CPU-intensive tasks. The compiler will guide you, making it easier to write safe and efficient concurrent code.

The GOG Team has announced that Michał Kiciński, a co-founder of CD PROJEKT and GOG, has acquired GOG from CD PROJEKT.

The purpose of this acquisition is to ensure that classic games remain accessible and playable over time, as many games can become obsolete or hard to find. GOG's mission is to provide users with true ownership of their games without restrictions, which is more important now than ever.

Key points include:

• GOG will continue to prioritize DRM-free access, allowing users to own their games fully.
• There will be no changes to user accounts, and all existing games will remain accessible.
• CD PROJEKT RED games will still be available on GOG.
• Donations and support for GOG’s Preservation Program will stay within the company.
• GOG aims to help indie developers and strengthen community involvement, with plans for new initiatives in 2026.

Overall, GOG will maintain its focus on preserving classic games while promoting new ones, reinforcing its commitment to gamers.

No summary available.

No summary available.

I'm creating a Unicode reference website where each symbol has a dedicated page for developers. Each page includes information on Unicode, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, UTF-8/16 bytes, URL encoding, and usage examples. This consistent format will cover thousands of symbols, including math, arrows, currency, technology/UI, and punctuation. The site is being built to address the scattered nature of current references. Feedback is welcome.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Bubbletea is a framework for creating terminal user interfaces (TUIs) using a modern approach called the Elm Architecture. It allows you to manage events from the keyboard, mouse, and windows effectively. You can add it to your Ruby project with the command gem "bubbletea". For more information, you can visit its GitHub page or RubyGems.

No summary available.

The text discusses various designs for concurrent hash maps, focusing on how they manage multiple threads accessing the same data structure. Key points include:

1. Thread Safety Requirements: A hash map must be thread-safe to be useful in real-world applications, meaning it should work correctly and efficiently when multiple threads access it simultaneously.

2. Global Lock Approach: The simplest method for making a hash map thread-safe is to use a single global lock around all operations. This ensures that only one thread can access the map at a time, making it easy to reason about correctness. However, this approach can lead to significant performance issues, especially with read operations, as it reduces the map's efficiency to that of single-threaded performance.

3. Java's Synchronized Keyword: In Java, the synchronized keyword manages access to objects by creating a monitor lock. This can adapt to different levels of contention, utilizing "thin locks" for light contention and "inflated locks" for heavy contention, which are more resource-intensive.

4. Thin Locks: These are lightweight and used when there is low contention. They allow a thread to quickly acquire a lock without heavy overhead.

5. Inflated Locks: When contention increases, thin locks become inefficient and can be converted to inflated locks, which involve more complex management and can slow down performance.

Overall, the discussion highlights the trade-offs involved in designing concurrent hash maps, balancing simplicity, performance, and memory usage. Understanding these strategies is key to developing efficient thread-safe data structures.

The article discusses the importance of writing high-quality code in the context of using AI agents for coding tasks. Here are the key points:

1. Quality Code Essentials: Good code includes thorough tests, clear documentation, small modules, and static typing. These practices are crucial for AI agents, as they need clear instructions and structure to avoid mistakes.

2. 100% Code Coverage: The author emphasizes the value of requiring 100% code coverage in tests. This ensures that every line of code is verified, reducing ambiguity and making it easier to identify what still needs testing. It helps agents produce reliable code.

3. File Organization: Organizing files and directories thoughtfully makes it easier for AI agents to navigate the codebase. Smaller, well-scoped files improve context loading for the agents.

4. Efficient Development Environments: Development environments should be fast, temporary, and able to run concurrently. Quick setup and teardown of environments encourage more frequent testing and development.

5. Enforcing Best Practices: Automating coding standards with tools like linters and formatters is essential. Using a typed language, such as TypeScript, helps eliminate errors and provides clear documentation.

6. Strong Typing and API Contracts: The author advocates for using strong typing systems and tools like OpenAPI to ensure agreement between frontend and backend. This helps maintain data integrity.

7. Agent Effectiveness: AI agents can produce excellent code, but their success depends on the quality of the coding environment and practices in place. Investing in these aspects leads to better outcomes.

In summary, the article highlights that while writing good code may feel like a burden, it is essential for optimizing the performance of AI coding agents.

The author decided to turn an old Amazon Kindle into a development platform for e-ink projects instead of buying a new e-ink screen. They purchased a cheap Kindle 4 from eBay, which arrived in demo mode. Despite this, they didn’t need the original software and proceeded to access the device.

To gain access, the author opened the Kindle, soldered wires to a serial port on the circuit board, and used a special serial adapter to connect it to their laptop. They successfully booted the Kindle into a Linux environment and obtained root access, allowing them to explore the device's file system.

After analyzing the system, they found multiple partitions and identified where different system files were stored. They also figured out how to manage Wi-Fi connections and made modifications to the system by installing an SSH server, allowing remote access.

The author customized the startup process to display information on the Kindle's screen, connect to Wi-Fi, and enable SSH access. They concluded the project by reassembling the Kindle and noted plans to use a library called FBInk for future software development. Overall, the Kindle was transformed into a functional, Linux-based development platform for e-ink projects.

No summary available.

We've noticed unusual activity from your computer network. To proceed, please confirm you are not a robot by clicking the box below.

Why did this happen?
Ensure your browser supports JavaScript and cookies, and that these are not being blocked.

Need Help?
If you have questions, contact our support team and provide the reference ID: 4c6f5045-e599-11f0-bacb-5f3e5925c70d.

Stay updated on global market news by subscribing to Bloomberg.com.

David Lattimore discusses various approaches to implementing parallelism in the Wild linker using the Rayon library. Here are the key points:

1. Parallelism with Rayon: The linker uses Rayon for parallel tasks, particularly with functions like par_iter. However, some tasks, such as exploring a graph, require dynamic work allocation, making them more complex.

2. Initial Approach - Spawn Broadcast: The first method involved creating a task for each thread that managed its own job control. This was complicated and limited the use of Rayon features, as threads could end up being idle.

3. Scoped Spawning: The second approach used Rayon’s scope to manage tasks. While it allowed for better task management, it resulted in more heap allocations, which can be inefficient.

4. Channel + par_bridge: A more recent method involved using a crossbeam channel for work items to reduce heap allocations. This allowed for dynamic task creation but had downsides, such as potential deadlocks and difficulties with the Rust borrow checker.

5. Async/Await Consideration: Lattimore suggests that using async/await might solve some of the current limitations, as it allows tasks to run independently of specific threads, potentially improving parallel computation.

6. Future Direction: He plans to return to scoped spawning due to its better composability and is exploring options to reduce heap allocations further, possibly by modifying Rayon.

7. Acknowledgements: Lattimore thanks sponsors who support his work on Wild, highlighting their contributions.

Overall, Lattimore is evaluating different strategies for effective parallel computing while considering the trade-offs of each method.

No summary available.

MongoDB prioritizes customer data security. On December 12, 2025, the MongoDB Security Engineering team found a vulnerability known as “Mongobleed” (CVE-2025-14847) in MongoDB Server, but it did not involve a breach of MongoDB or its services. They recommend that users update to the latest software versions to ensure security.

The team discovered the issue internally and worked quickly to address it. Here’s a brief timeline of their response:

• December 12: Issue detected.
• December 12-14: Validation and fix development.
• December 15-17: Rollout plans created and patching of the Atlas fleet began.
• December 17: Majority of Atlas fleet patched.
• December 18: Remaining patches applied, and customers notified.
• December 19: Vulnerability publicly disclosed.
• December 23: Update posted on the community forum with patch details.

MongoDB patched tens of thousands of Atlas customers quickly and also provided updates for those using MongoDB Enterprise and Community Editions. The company is committed to continuously improving security and maintaining customer trust.

Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 disappeared on March 8, 2014, shortly after taking off from Kuala Lumpur, with 239 people on board. Nearly 12 years later, a new search will begin in the southern Indian Ocean, where earlier searches failed to find the wreckage. This time, the search will be conducted by a US marine robotics company, Ocean Infinity, which has improved technology and will be paid $110 million only if the plane is found.

The last communication from the plane was 40 minutes after takeoff, and it had veered off its planned route before all contact was lost. Previous searches covered vast areas but yielded no significant results, though some debris has been found along the African coast.

Investigators believe the plane's controls were deliberately manipulated, but they could not determine who was responsible. Conspiracy theories about the disappearance include various scenarios such as mechanical failure or hijacking, but no evidence has confirmed these theories.

Families of those on board continue to seek answers, and a report on the investigation is expected soon.

The text discusses the three main areas found in many role-playing and adventure video games: Outside, Dungeon, and Town.

1. Outside: This is the expansive area where players explore, like fields or mountains. It usually has fewer monsters and NPCs.
2. Dungeon: These are enclosed spaces filled with enemies and treasures, usually culminating in a boss fight. Dungeons generally lack NPCs and shops.
3. Town: This area is rich in NPCs and activities, including shops and quests. Players are safe here, with little to no fighting.

The author appreciates these categories but desires more integration and overlap between them. They criticize when games clearly define areas as separate locations, which can diminish the sense of discovery. Instead, they propose a more blended approach, like having dungeons connected to towns or outdoor areas within towns, to create a more immersive and surprising gameplay experience. The author aims to incorporate these ideas into their own game, Free Tiya Bannet, promoting a less rigid and more adventurous game world.

No summary available.

The author shares a frustrating experience with Deutsche Bahn (DB), the German railway company, highlighting poor service and delays. On December 24, 2025, the author boarded a late train from Cologne to Meckenheim, intending to visit their grandmother. The train faced issues and, instead of stopping at Troisdorf where the author's father was waiting, it continued to Neuwied, far away from the intended destination.

Throughout the journey, passengers felt confused and frustrated, with one even stating they felt "kidnapped" by the situation. The author humorously notes the feeling of being treated like cargo rather than a passenger. In the end, they looked up compensation for their inconvenience, which amounted to only 1.50 EUR, less than the minimum payout threshold of 4.00 EUR. Overall, the piece illustrates the struggles with DB's service and the absurdity of the situation.

Here’s a simplified summary of the text:

• ACM76SA Vintage FET Compressor by ACM: £45
• Corona by discoDSP: $149 (synth)
• Cache by Sinevibes: $49 (glitch effect)
• MagicVerb by DDMF: $99 (reverb effect)
• GrandEQ by DDMF: $139 (equalizer)
• NoLimits2 by DDMF: $596 (limiter)
• 6144 by DDMF: $39 (equalizer)
• Comprezzore by DDMF: $79 (compressor)
• DirectionalEQ by DDMF: $39 (equalizer)
• StereooeretS by DDMF: $39 (stereo panning effect)

This list shows various audio effects and their prices.

The author has been working on a small Redis-compatible key/value server called "kv" using the Zig programming language. The main goal is to create a mostly production-ready server while learning about systems programming techniques, particularly static memory allocation. This method involves allocating all memory at startup and not using any dynamic allocation during runtime, which can improve performance and system stability.

Key points include:

1. Static Memory Allocation: All memory is allocated at the beginning, which prevents unpredictable behaviors and helps in designing efficient systems.

2. Connection Handling: The server maintains a pool of connections to handle client requests. Each connection is associated with buffers for receiving and sending data, which are also statically allocated.

3. Command Parsing: The server aims to parse Redis commands using the RESP format. It uses a fixed buffer allocator to manage memory efficiently during command parsing.

4. Key/Value Storage: The core data structure is a hash map that links user-provided keys with values. The map uses a statically allocated memory approach, requiring careful consideration of allocation sizes to avoid inefficiencies.

5. Configuration: The server's memory allocation depends on user-defined configurations, which specify limits such as maximum connections, key counts, and sizes. This means memory usage can be significant, often exceeding 750 MB for certain configurations.

6. Future Improvements: The author intends to enhance the hash map implementation and explore different memory allocation strategies to optimize memory usage and system performance.

Overall, the project serves as both a practical application and a learning experience in systems programming with Zig. The code is available on GitHub for further exploration.

The author was frustrated that Claude Code would forget important information between sessions, like preferences and decision history. To solve this, they created a "shared memory layer" that can be added as a skill in Claude Code. This memory system remembers your sessions and allows for better context retention.

How to Install:

1. Add the plugin from the marketplace.
2. Install the memory skill.
3. Restart Claude Code.

Features:

• Remembers context between sessions.
• Allows for semantic and temporal searches.

Limitations:

• It does not have mind-reading capabilities.
• It is still in the early stages and may have bugs.

The author encourages feedback to improve the tool. For more details, you can check the GitHub repository.

Summary:

The author is working on a parser during the Christmas break, inspired by a tutorial on resilient parsing. The goal is to create a syntax tree and handle errors gracefully instead of stopping at the first mistake.

A key challenge with this approach is avoiding infinite loops or recursion, especially if the parser fails to consume a token due to an error. This can lead to difficult debugging scenarios, such as running out of memory.

To address this, the author has traditionally used two methods: a "fuel" system to limit parser operations and a mental map of functions that either consume tokens or may not. However, they recently discovered a better solution: asserting that the parser advances when expected. This makes potential issues clearer and reduces reliance on memory.

The new parser includes a more structured API with methods to track advancements, making it easier to identify where errors occur. An example of a buggy function is provided, along with a corrected version that incorporates the new assertion approach. This enhancement not only helps prevent infinite loops but also improves error messages for easier debugging.

No summary available.

The text explains how an unprocessed photo, specifically of a Christmas tree, looks when captured by a camera. Here are the key points:

1. Raw Image Data: The initial photo appears gray and lacks color because the camera sensor only measures light intensity, not color.

2. Color Filters: Color cameras use a grid of filters, which means that each pixel only captures part of the color information. This requires a process called demosaicing to combine neighboring pixels and create a full-color image.

3. Brightness Issues: The initial image is still dark due to the limited dynamic range of screens compared to the human eye. Human perception of brightness is also non-linear, causing darker areas to appear more muted.

4. Non-Linear Adjustment: To brighten the image, a non-linear curve is applied to the color channels, but this can lead to color imbalances, such as an excess of green.

5. Color Correction: Adjustments are made to balance the colors and enhance the overall image quality, including white balance and brightness correction.

6. Final Image: The end result is a more visually pleasing photo, but it still requires further refinement for perfect color calibration and noise reduction.

7. Editing vs. Original: The text emphasizes that the camera's processing is similar to what happens in editing software, and both versions of the image are different interpretations of the same data. Adjustments are often necessary to better replicate how we perceive colors and brightness in real life.

In conclusion, creating a good photo involves complex processes and adjustments to accurately represent the subject as we see it.

Venture capitalist Alex Davis has raised concerns about the increasing number of data centers being built without confirmed tenants. In a letter to his investors, he warns that this "build it and they will come" approach could lead to a financing crisis for speculative landlords by 2027-2028. He believes that data center expansions will strain the system and highlights the growing political controversy surrounding data centers due to their effects on electricity prices. Davis's firm has made significant investments in AI-related companies, including a recent deal with Nvidia.

Summary:

The author shares their journey of migrating their digital life to EU-hosted technology solutions, resulting in enhanced privacy and usability while saving money. They emphasize that it is no longer necessary to sacrifice functionality for privacy.

Key points include:

• The author moved to the Proton ecosystem, which offers encrypted email, secure cloud storage, a password manager, and more, replacing US-based services like Google Drive and Gmail.
• They also adopted privacy-focused AI tools like Lumo AI for GenAI tasks and Mammouth for powerful AI capabilities.
• For web browsing, they switched to Vivaldi and use Ecosia for search, which contributes to tree planting.
• Hosting and domains are managed through Scaleway, providing a leaner and cheaper alternative to larger cloud providers.
• Task management has shifted to Superlist, which the author finds more effective than previous tools.

Overall, the migration cut their monthly costs significantly, demonstrating that privacy-oriented tools can be more economical. While there are some challenges, such as adjusting to new software and the ongoing necessity of certain popular platforms, the author is pleased with the transition and encourages others to consider similar changes for better privacy and cost savings.

No summary available.

Summary of Vitest Browser Mode Development

The introduction of Vitest Browser Mode is a significant advancement in JavaScript testing, particularly for frontend developers. It allows testing of React components in real browsers like Chrome and Firefox, providing a more realistic testing environment compared to traditional methods that use simulated DOMs.

Key Features of Vitest Browser Mode:

• Real Browser Testing: Runs tests in actual browsers, allowing access to real web APIs without needing to mock them.
• Component Isolation: Tests individual components similar to Jest or Vitest.
• Visual Preview: Offers a rendered view of components being tested, aiding in debugging.
• Fast Execution: Despite running in a real browser, tests are executed quickly.
• Visual Regression Screenshots: Automatically captures screenshots of components to ensure consistent rendering.

Comparison with Other Testing Tools:

• Jest/Vitest: These are test runners that typically run tests in a simulated environment.
• Playwright/Cypress: End-to-end testing frameworks that run full-page tests in headless mode.

Test Writing in Vitest Browser Mode:

• The syntax is similar to React Testing Library but adapted for browser contexts.
• Tests are written using async functions, and components are rendered with an asynchronous render() function.
• Locator objects are used to interact with DOM elements, making it easier to find and assert properties of elements.

Setup and Configuration:

• Vitest Browser Mode can be set up using three providers, with Playwright being the recommended choice.
• To start using it, install required packages and configure a separate Vitest configuration file for browser mode.

Future of Vitest Browser Mode: By November 2027, it is expected to become a standard tool for frontend testing, complementing existing methods rather than replacing them. The mode is now stable and ready for production use, making it a valuable addition to any testing strategy.

For those interested in learning more, resources such as courses and newsletters on Vitest Browser Mode are available.

Summary: Easily Dealing With Any-Dimensional Planes

This post discusses how to represent geometric planes in coding in a simple and visually appealing way.

1. What is a Plane?

   • A plane is a flat surface in n-dimensional space, defined by a normal vector (n) and a point on the plane (o).

2. Defining a Plane:

   • To check if a point (p) is on the plane, the condition dot(p - o, n) = 0 must be true.
   • In 3D, this can be expanded into coordinates, simplifying to dot(p, n) - dot(o, n) = 0.

3. Key Representation:

   • A plane can be represented using a hyperplane type that combines the normal vector and a scalar value representing the plane's distance from the origin.
   • The function make_hyperplane_fast creates a plane from a normal vector and a point.

4. Operations with Planes:

   • To find the distance from a point to the plane, a single dot product can be used.
   • To check if two planes are parallel, calculate the cross product of their normal vectors; if it’s zero, they are parallel.
   • The distance between parallel planes can be determined using their distances from the origin.

5. Transforming Planes:

   • You can transform a plane to a different coordinate system by applying transformations to both the origin point and the normal vector.

6. Generalization:

   • This method works for planes in higher dimensions and also applies to 2D lines.

The post encourages following the author for more insights on this topic.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Anthropic has released an update (2.0.72) for Claude Code that fixes the flickering issue many users noticed. The flickering problem is common in terminal user interfaces (TUIs) and occurs because terminals aren't designed for interactive use.

There are two main ways to address flickering:

1. Switch to "alt mode" for full control of the terminal, but this disrupts features like text selection and scrolling.
2. Carefully update only the parts of the screen that change, which is a more user-friendly approach.

Anthropic decided to rewrite the renderer for Claude Code to achieve smoother updates while maintaining a native terminal experience. Other coding agents that switched to alt mode faced criticism for sacrificing essential terminal features.

In summary, Claude Code's new update successfully reduces flickering while preserving terminal functionality, demonstrating that it’s possible to have both smooth rendering and a user-friendly experience.

It seems you haven't provided any specific text to summarize. Please share the text you'd like me to summarize, and I'll be happy to help!

libgodc - Go Runtime for Sega Dreamcast

libgodc is a special version of the Go programming language's runtime, tailored for the Sega Dreamcast's limitations, which include 16MB of RAM, a single-core SH-4 CPU, and no operating system. It supports features like garbage collection, goroutines, and channels.

Quick Start Instructions:

1. Ensure you have Go 1.25.3 or newer, along with make and git.
2. Install the tool with:

   go install github.com/drpaneas/godc@latest
   

3. Set up the environment:

   godc setup
   godc doctor # (optional)
   

Creating and Running a Project:

1. Make a new project folder:

   mkdir myproject && cd myproject
   

2. Initialize the project:

   godc init
   

3. Write your code in main.go and other Go files.
4. Build and run the project with:

   godc build
   godc run
   

Documentation Includes:

• Installation and setup
• Quick start guide
• Runtime architecture overview
• Best practices for Dreamcast Go
• Using KOS wrappers to call C from Go
• Limitations of the runtime

Performance Metrics (on SH-4 @ 200MHz):

• Goroutine yield: ~120 ns
• Memory allocation: ~186 ns
• Buffered channel: ~1.8 μs
• Context switch: ~6.4 μs
• Unbuffered channel: ~13 μs
• Goroutine creation: ~31 μs
• Garbage collection pause: 72 μs - 6 ms

Example Programs Available:

• Simple programs demonstrating basic and advanced features, such as:
  • "hello" for debug output
  • "hello_screen" to display "Hello World"
  • Graphics examples like "blue_screen"
  • Input handling with "input"
  • Concurrent programming with "goroutines"
  • A Pong clone with various features

License: The project uses the BSD 3-Clause License. For more details, refer to the LICENSE file.

The text lists domains that have been blocked by CUII, along with their blocking dates. Here are the key points:

• Several domains are blocked, including:

  • annas-archive.li (blocked until September 30, 2025)
  • annas-archive.org (blocked until September 30, 2025)
  • bs.to (blocked until April 4, 2022)
  • buffsports.io (blocked until June 30, 2025)
  • canna.to (blocked until April 4, 2022)
  • filmfans.org (blocked until September 8, 2023)

• The dates mentioned may refer to when the blocking recommendation was made or when the domain first appeared in their database.

Overall, it highlights a list of blocked domains and their respective dates.

This is a challenging puzzle, similar to a 2000 piece jigsaw puzzle, and it's best solved with others. You can use Google or other outside resources for assistance, but looking at the page source is not allowed. Thanks to Octagon and the TND team for helping with testing and suggesting categories.

Quickemu Summary

Quickemu is a tool that simplifies the creation and running of virtual machines (VMs) for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It uses QEMU technology to automatically configure VMs without the need for complicated settings.

Key Features:

• Quickemu handles downloading the operating system and sets up the VM configuration automatically.
• It supports a wide variety of operating systems, including multiple versions of macOS, Windows, and many Linux distributions, as well as some non-Linux systems.
• The tool works on Linux and macOS hosts and supports nearly 1000 operating systems.
• Additional features include file sharing between the host and guest systems, USB device and smartcard pass-through, automatic SSH port forwarding, and support for both EFI and Legacy BIOS boot options.

Getting Started: To create a VM, you simply use the quickget command to download the desired OS and set up the config file, then run the VM with quickemu.

Resources: The Quickemu wiki provides detailed documentation on installation, usage, and advanced configurations, making it easy for users to get started.

Avi, Kiet, and Satya are developing Superset, an open-source terminal designed to manage multiple coding agents (like Claude Code and Codex) simultaneously. Key features of Superset include:

• Easy setup of git worktrees and environments.
• Isolated agents and terminal tabs to avoid conflicts.
• Notifications for when coding agents need attention or are finished.
• A diff viewer for quickly reviewing changes and creating pull requests.

The creators, experienced engineers, aimed to enhance productivity by simplifying the management of coding tasks in parallel. Superset has already improved their productivity significantly.

Superset is built primarily in TypeScript using Electron, xterm.js, and node-pty, allowing it to run real terminal sessions efficiently. Future plans include features for using cloud VMs, sharing context between agents, and managing multiple projects more easily.

They invite users to try Superset and provide feedback, noting that building a product for personal use has been enjoyable and insightful.

The page lists all 1,038 games that have been removed from the Steam platform, along with their associated companies. Each game title is followed by the names of the companies involved in its development or publishing. Some titles are marked with an asterisk (*) to indicate that they are placeholder pages containing basic information. The list includes a wide variety of games, ranging from well-known franchises like "007" and "Assassin's Creed" to indie games and lesser-known titles. This comprehensive overview provides users with easy access to information about delisted games.

No summary available.

Summary of the Harvard Youth Poll (Fall 2025)

The 51st Harvard Youth Poll reveals that young Americans (ages 18-29) are experiencing significant instability in their lives, characterized by economic insecurity, diminished trust in democratic institutions, and social fragmentation. Key findings include:

1. General Outlook: Only 13% of young people feel the country is on the right track, with many expressing concerns about financial, emotional, and social stability.

2. Economic Pressures: 43% report financial struggles, especially among Black and Hispanic youth. Young people prioritize inflation as their main economic concern.

3. Impact of AI: Many believe Artificial Intelligence (AI) will reduce job opportunities and job security, leading to negative perceptions of future work.

4. Political Sentiment: Trust in political leaders is low, with both major parties receiving negative ratings. Despite this, young Americans lean towards supporting Democrats for the upcoming 2026 elections, mainly out of caution regarding the alternatives.

5. Party Frustration: Young people express dissatisfaction with both major parties, using negative descriptors for each. This reflects a deeper frustration with the political system rather than loyalty to a party.

6. Ideological Shifts: Support for traditional political ideologies like capitalism and socialism is declining, while movement identities challenging the establishment are gaining traction.

7. Vaccine Confidence: Vaccine safety confidence varies widely, with significant skepticism among some groups, particularly among young Republicans and minorities. Most young people prefer medical experts over political figures for health advice.

8. Trust Issues: Many young Americans struggle to assume good intentions from those with differing political views, leading to avoidance of political discussions.

9. Views on Democracy: A majority see U.S. democracy as in trouble or failed, with significant concerns about its stability linked to financial insecurity.

10. Political Violence: While most reject political violence, a notable minority find it acceptable under certain circumstances, often related to feelings of economic and social strain.

The poll, which surveyed 2,040 young Americans, highlights the urgent need for political leaders to listen to and address the concerns of this generation to rebuild trust and stability.

Summary: Streaming Compression Advantage

Streaming compression is more efficient than framed compression, which compresses each message independently. In this case, controlling robots involves sending around 10 medium-sized messages (about 100KB each) per second. While standard per-message compression works, a new method of sharing a single encoder context across messages improves efficiency significantly.

By using a continuous encoder, the compression adapts as more data is sent, resulting in an 80% reduction in bandwidth usage compared to traditional methods. This technique is similar to how H264 video encoding outperforms MJPEG by using more context.

This streaming compression approach could also benefit other technologies, such as the OpenTelemetry Collector, though it may be challenging to implement in gRPC due to its limitations.

Additionally, a Rust crate was developed to support streaming compression for HTTP responses, addressing shortcomings in existing libraries.

Key Points:

• Streaming compression is more effective than framed compression.
• Using a shared encoder context can significantly reduce bandwidth.
• This technique has broader applications beyond WebSockets.
• A Rust crate was created to facilitate streaming compression in HTTP responses.

This text explains how TCP round-trip time (RTT) is measured and scored using data from Fastly. The author collects two important metrics: the minimum TCP RTT (tcpi_min_rtt) and the smoothed TCP RTT (tcpi_rtt) from the Linux kernel. Fastly is used for demonstration because of its global presence and access to TCP socket data.

To calculate a score, the author divides the minimum RTT by the smoothed RTT (tcpi_min_rtt/tcpi_rtt). The scoring ranges are as follows:

• A score between 1 and 0.7 is normal.
• A score between 0.7 and 0.3 indicates some connection instability (like WiFi or mobile data).
• A score between 0.3 and 0.1 is low and may suggest a proxy.
• Scores below 0.1 are flagged as a TCP proxy.

The author discusses challenges faced while pursuing a PhD, particularly in submitting academic articles that address issues observed in large codebases, such as those at major companies like Google. One significant problem is the creation of massive binaries, which can exceed 25GiB due to the static inclusion of all code.

A critical concept introduced is the "2GiB Barrier," which refers to the limit of a single relative jump in code. If a function is too far away (over 2GiB), it leads to relocation errors during linking. The author illustrates this through a coding example that shows how calls to distant functions can exceed this barrier, resulting in errors.

To address this issue, one solution is to use a larger code model (with the option -mcmodel=large), which allows for absolute addressing instead of relative jumps. However, this approach has downsides, such as increased binary size and the use of additional registers, which can affect performance.

The author aims to explore more strategies to manage these challenges in future writings.

Summary of the Lectures

These lecture notes cover Richard Feynman's lectures from 1966 to 1971. They are personal notes based on Feynman's teachings, not official transcripts, and include insights from his memory and original notes. The lectures are organized into five volumes.

1. Volume 1: Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology (224 pages)

   • Focuses on discoveries in these fields during 1966-67.
   • Feynman, who had not previously lectured on these topics at CalTech, discussed stellar evolution, black holes, and general relativity.
   • The notes include some updated information and reflect Feynman's unique teaching style, where he would lecture from just a few index cards.

2. Volume 2: Relativity, Electrostatics, Electrodynamics, Matter-Wave Interaction (209 pages)

   • Feynman revised his teaching methods based on feedback from postdoctoral scientists.
   • He expanded on earlier lectures, providing a more tailored and in-depth approach to the material.

3. Volume 3: Quantum Mechanics and Related Topics (314 pages)

   • Delves deeper into matter-wave interaction and introduces quantum mechanics and QED (Quantum Electrodynamics).
   • Feynman diagrams, which visually represent particle interactions, are discussed in detail, showcasing Feynman's ability to simplify complex concepts.

4. Volume 4: Molecular Biology (65 pages)

   • Feynman's interest in molecular biology led to a short lecture series that eventually ended due to its complexity.
   • The notes reflect his thought process and how he organized material for teaching, offering insights for educators in the field.

5. Volume 5: Mathematical Methods in Physics and Engineering (163 pages)

   • This volume is seen as a crucial foundation for understanding physics through mathematics.
   • Feynman believed math should precede physics in education, emphasizing that math is the language of physics.
   • The notes include anecdotes illustrating his intuitive grasp of mathematics and its application in physics.

Additionally, the notes capture "side bar" topics that reflect Feynman’s spontaneous thoughts and philosophical musings, adding depth to the lectures. Overall, these notes aim to convey Feynman’s insights and teaching style across various scientific fields.

French judge Nicolas Guillou, who works at the International Criminal Court (ICC), has been sanctioned by the United States. This decision, made on August 20 by the Trump administration, was based on his role in issuing arrest warrants for Israeli leaders accused of war crimes in Gaza. In total, nine ICC officials, including the Chief Prosecutor, Karim Khan, have been sanctioned by the US.

In an interview, Judge Guillou discussed how these sanctions affect his work and daily life. He urged European authorities to activate measures that could mitigate the impact of US restrictions. The US sanctions were originally intended to tackle human rights violations, terrorism, and drug trafficking, and there are currently about 15,000 individuals on the sanctions list, including nine ICC judges.

No summary available.

This is a small web puzzle game where you guess coordinates in n-dimensional space. It offers a tutorial and a manual for help and is available in 17 languages. You can play the game at euclidle.com. Google Analytics and AdSense are used on the site. For more information, you can check the tutorial here and the manual here. You can also find more updates on their Bluesky profile here.

The article discusses performance differences when calling an assembly function from Rust compared to C, specifically in the context of the rav1d video decoder. Despite sharing the same assembly functions, one function in the Rust version is found to be 30% slower than its C counterpart.

Key points include:

1. Performance Investigation: A specific assembly function in the Rust implementation (cdef_filter4_pri_edged_8bpc_neon) was identified as slower due to inefficient data loading.

2. Data Storage Issues: The Rust version uses more stack space, which leads to slower memory access. This was traced back to how the Rust compiler handles function arguments and abstractions.

3. Compiler Optimization: The inability of the Rust compiler to optimize certain abstractions across function pointers contributed to the slowdown.

4. Fix Attempt: The author experimented by removing unnecessary function arguments, which improved performance significantly. This indicated a potential caching issue related to memory layout.

5. Final Adjustments: Further analysis revealed that modifying how certain structures were defined could lead to better performance, allowing the compiler to optimize memory access more effectively.

6. Outcome: After adjustments, the Rust implementation's performance improved to be within 5% of the C version, demonstrating that careful attention to memory management and function signatures can significantly affect performance.

Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding how different programming languages and their compilers handle memory and optimization, especially in performance-critical applications like video decoding.

Summary:

Prediction markets, which allow users to bet on future events like elections, are experiencing significant growth ahead of the midterm elections. These apps, such as Kalshi and Polymarket, faced regulatory challenges during the Biden administration, which sought to ban betting on elections. However, with Donald Trump back in power, the regulatory environment has shifted, and the Trump administration is now supportive of these markets.

Kalshi, in particular, is thriving, partially due to ties with Trump officials, including Donald Trump Jr. Despite concerns about election integrity and the potential for manipulation, millions are being wagered on the outcomes of races. Critics argue that betting on elections could distort public perception and influence voter behavior.

Prediction markets work by allowing users to place bets against each other, with the platform taking a fee. They claim to offer a different model from traditional gambling by not having a "house" that profits from losses. However, some experts believe that the market-making structure resembles traditional gambling scenarios.

While Kalshi has fought legal battles to stay operational, concerns about insider trading and foreign influence persist. Overall, as these markets gain traction, they raise important questions about the implications of commodifying elections and the integrity of the democratic process.

Hi HN,

Every year, we ask readers and authors to share their top three favorite books. Now, you can enter a book or author you like and see recommendations from others who enjoy the same. You can try it out here: shepherd.com.

This recommendation system includes a wide range of genres, providing interesting results. It is based on votes from 5,000 readers about their favorite reads from 2023 to 2025, covering about 15,000 books.

We're also working on a more personalized app called Book DNA, which will use your Goodreads history for tailored recommendations. If you're interested in beta testing it, you can sign up here: Beta sign-up. The first beta will be released in late January.

I appreciate your feedback!

Thanks, Ben

Meshtastic is a communication system that allows you to send short text messages over long distances without relying on cellular networks or satellites. It uses low-power LoRa devices to create a mesh network, making it accessible without needing a ham radio license.

The author first learned about Meshtastic through a blog and decided to try it using Heltec V3 LoRa radios. After some initial setup challenges, including outdated firmware, they successfully configured the radios via the Meshtastic mobile app. They discovered their messages could reach other users beyond their immediate area, thanks to a public mesh network in Chicago.

Excited by this, the author joined a local community and upgraded their antenna to improve communication range. They set up a relay node at a local makerspace, allowing messages to be passed between devices over longer distances.

The group plans to enhance their network with better antennas and additional nodes. They are also interested in using Meshtastic for other projects, like a weather station that shares data over the mesh. The author encourages others to join the Meshtastic community to strengthen the network, highlighting its potential for connecting people over large areas.

Summary: Why Brainf*ck is the Ultimate Test for AGI

The text discusses why Brainf*ck programming language could be the ultimate challenge for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Here are the key points:

1. Data Scarcity Problem: Large Language Models (LLMs) learn from vast amounts of data. However, there is very little Brainf*ck code available online, making it hard for LLMs to simply copy patterns. This forces them to understand the logic behind the code instead.

2. Anti-Literate Programming: Brainfck lacks structure, comments, and meaningful names, making it difficult for beginners to learn. Writing code in Brainfck requires a deep understanding of its rules rather than relying on memorized syntax.

3. Repetition Problem: LLMs often fall into repetitive patterns when generating Brainfck code, leading to infinite loops. The minimalistic design of Brainfck can cause LLMs to output the same sequences repeatedly, making it challenging for them to create varied and complex code.

The author invites readers to consider if Brainf*ck truly represents the ultimate test for LLMs.

There's a fun new way to countdown to New Year's using Tetris. The creator enjoyed building it and it can also be used as a regular clock after New Year's. You can check it out at this link. If you want to speed up the countdown, you can adjust the speed with specific URL parameters.

The text discusses the development of a block editor called Daino Notes using Qt C++ and QML. Here are the key points simplified:

1. Purpose of Daino Notes: The author wanted to create a fast, efficient note-taking app that is easy for non-technical users to navigate, while also allowing for Markdown formatting.

2. Native vs. Non-Native Apps: Native apps are usually built with the operating system's own frameworks, but the author argues that Qt can also create apps that look and perform like native ones, even if they are not built with those frameworks.

3. Block Editor Concept: Inspired by Notion, the block editor treats each piece of content (text, images, tasks, etc.) as individual blocks, allowing users to easily manipulate and organize them without dealing with complex database management.

4. Simplified User Experience: Daino Notes aims to provide a straightforward interface with a focus on content, eliminating the need for users to understand complex structures like databases.

5. Technical Implementation: The app uses a modern approach with QML for the user interface, allowing for flexible and visually appealing designs. The architecture separates data management (Model) from what users see (View).

6. Text Editing Features: The development included implementing basic text editing functions like cursor movement, copy/paste, and undo/redo, while also ensuring that Markdown formatting is intuitive and user-friendly.

7. Advanced Blocks: Blocks can represent complex elements like Kanban boards and images, and they are stored in plain text, making them easy to manage.

8. Drag and Drop Functionality: The editor allows users to drag and drop blocks, both internally and from external sources, enhancing usability.

Overall, Daino Notes is designed to be a performant, user-friendly app that combines the simplicity of plain text with the flexibility of a modern block editor.

No summary available.

lazy-image Overview

lazy-image is an advanced image processing engine designed for Node.js, built with Rust, mozjpeg, and AVIF technologies. It focuses on creating smaller file sizes with better quality and is memory-efficient.

Key Features:

• File Size Reduction: Produces smaller JPEG files (9.7% smaller than competitors) and performs well with complex multi-operation pipelines, achieving up to 13.2% size reduction.
• Speed: Generally faster processing times, particularly for JPEG and AVIF formats, with a notable 1.41x speed improvement for complex operations.
• Memory Efficiency: Utilizes a zero-copy architecture to minimize memory use during conversions, making it ideal for batch processing.

Performance Benchmarks:

• JPEG: 15,790 bytes vs. sharp's 17,495 bytes; processing speed 242ms (1.06x faster).
• WebP: Slightly larger file size than sharp, but slower processing.
• AVIF: Larger file size but faster processing than sharp.

Installation:

• Easy to install with npm install @alberteinshutoin/lazy-image, downloading only the necessary platform-specific binaries.

Usage Examples:

• Supports various operations like resizing, rotating, and changing color profiles. It allows for efficient batch processing and generates multiple formats in parallel.

Security and Efficiency:

• Built with Rust for memory safety and includes protections against large, potentially harmful image uploads.

Ideal Use Cases:

• Best suited for batch processing, build-time optimization, and applications sensitive to bandwidth and memory constraints.

Conclusion: lazy-image is a powerful, efficient, and secure option for image processing in Node.js, focusing on file size optimization and robust performance.

This text outlines a game where players act as analysts for Fleet Intelligence, tasked with investigating the disappearance of 15 spaceships. Here are the key points:

1. Gameplay Overview: Players click on green dots to read intelligence reports and gather clues. The goal is to fill in the correct information for all 15 ships to win.

2. Progression: The game starts with easier ships and becomes more challenging. Players can guess about the missing ships, and incorrect guesses have no penalties. Hints are available if players get stuck.

3. Organization: Reports are organized by location and can be cross-referenced. Players can bookmark important reports and keep track of unfinished investigations.

4. Controls: The game supports drag-and-drop, keyboard shortcuts, and has adjustable text size for ease of reading.

5. Saving Progress: The game automatically saves progress on the device. Players can also export their game state to continue on another computer.

6. Difficulty Settings: Players can adjust settings to skip mini-games or hide objective nudges for a more challenging experience.

Overall, the game is designed to be engaging and accessible, allowing players to investigate in a structured yet flexible way.

Summary

You can create your own HTML tags instead of using standard ones. For example, instead of writing:

<div class="cool-thing">
Hello, World!
</div>

You can simplify it to:

<cool-thing>
Hello, World!
</cool-thing>

And style it with CSS like this:

cool-thing {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
	filter: drop-shadow(0 0 0.5em #ff0);
	color: #ff0;
}

Browsers treat unknown tags as regular elements, which is standard behavior. If you use hyphens in your tag names, they won't conflict with future HTML versions. Custom tags improve readability, especially when dealing with nested structures. Instead of complicated <div> tags, you can use descriptive tags like:

<main-article>
<article-header>
<article-quote>
<quote-body>
... more HTML ...
</quote-body>
</article-quote>
<!-- here! -->
</article-header>
</main-article>

This makes it easier to manage your HTML without losing track of closing tags.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Rich received an email criticizing his work on Clojure, calling it childish and insincere. In response, he wrote a sarcastic letter to AI creators, expressing his frustrations with artificial intelligence. He listed several grievances, including:

• AI stealing creative work and claiming ownership.
• Negative impacts on education and job opportunities.
• Increased utility costs and environmental harm.
• Wasting developers' time with ineffective AI tools.
• Replacing human interactions with robotic responses.
• Lowering the quality of content on the internet.
• Promising cost savings for companies at the expense of product quality and customer satisfaction.
• Intruding on privacy with AI features.

Rich concluded that AI is flooding communication with low-quality content and creating more problems than it solves.

No summary available.

The text discusses the creation of a small language model called Z80-μLM, designed to run on a Z80 computer with limited resources (64KB RAM). The model uses 2-bit quantized weights and fits into a 40KB file, allowing it to operate in a CP/M emulator. While it can't perform complex tasks like writing emails, it can play a simplified version of 20 Questions and engage in basic conversations with a unique personality.

The development involved making trade-offs due to the model's constraints, such as using trigram hashing for typo tolerance but losing word order. The training process used a method called quantization-aware training, which helped the model adapt to its limitations during development, avoiding issues later on. The creator also utilized Claude API to generate training data for the 20 Questions game. Finally, they wish everyone well in their programming endeavors.

The text discusses the importance of practical software design over generic design advice. Here are the key points:

1. Concrete Understanding: Engineers who work closely with a software system are the best suited to participate in its design. They need to understand the specific details of the codebase, rather than relying on generic design principles.

2. Generic Software Design: This refers to general advice that applies when someone has limited knowledge of the existing system. While this kind of advice can be useful for new projects or to help make decisions among several options, it's often not applicable to existing systems where specific details matter more.

3. Real-World Design Discussions: Effective design conversations focus on the intricacies of the current codebase, often involving discussions about specific files or lines of code rather than abstract principles. Misunderstandings about the system's details can significantly impact design decisions.

4. Limitations of Generic Advice: While generic advice has its place, it should be used cautiously. It can help set guidelines for new projects, resolve design dilemmas, and inform broader architectural decisions, but it often does not translate well to the realities of existing systems.

5. Role of Architects: The text criticizes the role of formal software architects who design systems without direct involvement in their implementation. This can lead to a disconnect between design and practical execution, resulting in designs that are not feasible.

6. Responsibility for Success: The author argues that those who design a system should also be responsible for its success or failure, ensuring that designers are closely involved with the implementation process.

In summary, effective software design relies on a deep understanding of the specific codebase, while generic advice should be used carefully and primarily for new projects or high-level decisions.

The author is developing an open-source search engine called nilch. They want to create a non-commercial search option, as most search engines today, even alternatives, are profit-driven and filled with ads. Nilch will operate on donations, prioritizing user privacy and excluding AI from results. Currently, it uses the Brave search API instead of having its own search index, but the author hopes to build an original index and algorithm in the future. They have received positive feedback on Reddit and are open to more suggestions and bug reports.

No summary available.

The author has been using Firefox as their main browser for years, not out of loyalty but because it meets their needs. Recently, Firefox's shift towards integrating AI features has raised concerns, as these changes don't address the core functionalities that long-time users value, such as practical tools and flexibility.

The key feature keeping the author on Firefox is Multi-Account Containers, which allow users to manage multiple accounts on the same service within one window without needing to log in and out or switch profiles. This is particularly beneficial for freelancers and consultants who juggle various clients.

The author has tried other browsers but found that none offer the same container functionality. They feel stuck with Firefox, not because they support its new direction, but because it uniquely solves a specific problem in their workflow. Until another browser replicates this feature, they remain with Firefox.

In recent discussions within the Democratic Party, there is a growing push to adopt a strong anti-AI stance as many Americans express concerns about the impact of artificial intelligence on jobs and costs. Politicians like Sen. Bernie Sanders and others are advocating for more regulation of the AI industry, reflecting a broader anxiety among voters about unchecked AI development. Polls show that a significant majority of Americans support government regulation of AI.

Democrats are divided on how to address this issue. Some believe the party should embrace a populist approach that opposes big tech, while others worry such a stance might alienate pro-business supporters and tech workers. Notably, recent protests against data centers—key infrastructure for AI—have highlighted public discontent, providing an opportunity for Democrats to connect with voters across different demographics.

As the 2026 elections approach, strategists suggest that taking a firmer stance against AI could energize the party's base and attract those concerned about job losses and rising costs. However, there is also caution about the potential backlash from the tech industry, which has been financially beneficial for the party.

Overall, the Democratic Party faces a critical moment to decide how to navigate the complex relationship with AI, balancing the concerns of their constituents with the interests of the tech sector.

Summary of Static Allocation for Compilers

TigerBeetle uses a unique form of "static allocation," which means it allocates all necessary memory at startup and does not free memory later. This approach simplifies memory management, especially since the system processes finite-sized messages, making it less likely to require additional memory allocation during operation.

The author has been exploring whether a similar method could be applied to compilers. However, compilers face challenges because they deal with potentially large and variable input (source code) and output (executables). Unlike TigerBeetle, which stores data on disk, compilers typically need to handle memory more dynamically.

The idea proposed is to set aside a fixed amount of memory for the output of the compiler while processing input in manageable chunks. This would allow the compiler to operate with constant memory usage during processing, even though inputs and outputs can be large. The key is to focus on processing smaller pieces of data at a time, which could simplify the compiler's architecture and potentially lead to more efficient code.

The author acknowledges that the practical benefits of this approach are uncertain but believes it’s worth further exploration.

Summary of Obelisk 0.32 Features:

1. Cooperative Cancellation:

   • Workflows and activities in Obelisk can now be canceled cooperatively. This means that all functions, including persistent sleep, must be able to fail.
   • Cancellation can be triggered through gRPC or the new WebAPI.
   • Workflows handle cancellation by stopping their activities and delay requests, ensuring that any errors lead to a cleanup process, maintaining all-or-nothing execution.

2. New WebAPI:

   • The Obelisk server now supports a WebAPI along with gRPC, allowing for text-over-HTTP requests.
   • Users can query the status of executions using simple commands, and responses can be formatted in JSON.

3. PostgreSQL Support:

   • Obelisk now supports PostgreSQL, which is beneficial for multi-node deployments and high availability.
   • This change addresses the limitations of SQLite, such as downtime during redeployment and potential data loss during VM crashes.
   • PostgreSQL allows for dynamic scaling and eliminates single points of failure.

Overall, Obelisk 0.32 enhances the flexibility and reliability of workflows, improves web interaction capabilities, and strengthens data management through PostgreSQL support.

Summary of Ruby Array Pack Bleed Vulnerability

On December 25, 2025, with the release of Ruby 4.0.0, a memory handling vulnerability was discovered in the Ruby programming language's MRI implementation. This issue allows for reading memory outside the allocated buffer but is unlikely to be exploited in real-world applications since the affected method is rarely used, and attackers would rarely control its input.

The vulnerability is found in the pack method of the Array class. The method uses a template string to convert array elements into a binary string, and it can incorrectly handle negative repeat counts. This occurs because the method retrieves a repeat count as an unsigned long but stores it as a signed long, allowing large unsigned values to be misinterpreted as negative.

The problematic directive, 'X', is intended to "back up a byte," but with a negative repeat count, it can unintentionally expand the string instead of shrinking it. This can lead to potential memory disclosure, although the Ruby implementation has protections that prevent arbitrary memory leakage.

While this vulnerability is serious, it is important to note that it affects Ruby versions 4.0.0 and earlier, possibly dating back to version 1.6.7 from 2002. A fix for this issue is underway, as tracked in pull request #15763.

Grouped SIMD Hash Table Summary

The Grouped SIMD Hash Table is a high-performance C++ hash table that uses grouped SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) for efficient data processing. It performs better than other leading hash tables, especially at larger sizes.

Key Points:

• Performance Comparison:

  • The hash table is compared against ankerl::unordered_dense (considered state-of-the-art).
  • It performs better at sizes of 1 million and 2 million elements, especially for lookup operations.

• Best Usage:

  • Ideal for tables larger than 500,000 elements and for workloads that require frequent lookups. Insert operations are slower but acceptable in these scenarios.

• How It Works:

  • Instead of accessing scattered memory, it probes groups of contiguous slots, making it faster.
  • It uses a metadata format that helps quickly identify occupied slots.

• API Features:

  • Allows inserting key-value pairs, finding values, checking existence, and using a subscript operator for easy access.

• Requirements:

  • Requires C++17 or later and SSE2 support, making it compatible with most modern x86-64 CPUs.

• Research Background:

  • Developed based on insights from recent research on elastic hashing, which focused on improving probing efficiency.

• Limitations:

  • Higher overhead for insertions compared to some alternatives.
  • Not suitable for small tables (below 500,000 elements) and does not support deletions or resizing.

This hash table offers a powerful solution for applications needing efficient data retrieval at scale.

On December 24, 2025, a question was raised about why the Ctrl+M shortcut is triggered when the Enter key is pressed. Raymond Chen is the author discussing this issue.

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), the largest accounting body in the world, is ending remote exams for its students starting in March due to rising cheating concerns. Previously, online testing was allowed during the COVID pandemic, but the ACCA found it difficult to manage cheating with the advancement of technology, particularly AI tools.

Helen Brand, the ACCA's chief executive, stated that cheating methods are becoming more sophisticated, making it hard to implement effective safeguards. Notably, cheating in professional exams has been an ongoing issue, even affecting major accounting firms, leading to significant fines. While the ACCA has over half a million students, other organizations like the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales still allow some online exams. However, high-stakes tests are increasingly being conducted in person.

The article discusses how data centers are facing challenges with traditional copper cables as they attempt to scale up computing power, particularly for AI applications. As the data rates increase, copper cables struggle due to physical limitations, which leads to the need for thicker and shorter wires, making dense connections difficult.

Two startups, Point2 Technology and AttoTude, are developing innovative solutions using radio-based cables that promise to overcome these limitations. Their technologies aim to provide longer reach, lower power consumption, and reduced complexity compared to both copper and optical fibers. Point2's e-Tube cables can carry 1.6 terabits per second over distances of 10 to 20 meters, while AttoTude focuses on terahertz frequencies for similar performance.

Both companies believe that their radio-based approaches can improve efficiency in data centers by reducing the need for cooling and simplifying connections between GPUs. They are also exploring ways to integrate their technologies directly with GPUs, which could revolutionize how data centers operate. Despite the potential benefits, these new technologies will need to compete with the established use of copper in the industry.

The text discusses the benefits of using split keyboards for typing, particularly in a high-communication environment like Nuon, where many employees engage in extensive typing. Split keyboards are viewed as more ergonomic and comfortable for long periods of use, similar to how cushy shoes are preferable for running long distances.

Despite their advantages, split keyboards can be expensive and varied, making it hard for newcomers to choose the right one. However, the culture at Nuon encourages experimentation with these keyboards, supported by leadership like CEO Jon Morehouse, who actively promotes their use.

The author shares their personal journey of switching from a standard keyboard to a split keyboard due to repetitive strain injuries. They initially struggled but eventually adopted the Kinesis Advantage 360, which eased some of their discomfort. After some travel challenges with this keyboard, they explored the smaller, customizable Corne keyboard, which allowed for personalized layouts and reduced finger strain.

The author spent about six to seven months refining their keyboard layout, utilizing layers to efficiently access different functions without excessive finger movement. They emphasize the importance of maintaining familiarity with traditional layouts while adapting to the new design.

Overall, the text highlights the positive impact of split keyboards on typing comfort and efficiency, as well as the supportive culture at Nuon that encourages exploration and innovation in tool use.

AI chatbots, like ChatGPT, often generate false information, which is frustrating for librarians who help the public find accurate sources. Sarah Falls from the Library of Virginia reports that about 15% of their reference questions come from AI-generated content, including fake citations. Many people trust these chatbots over librarians, making it challenging for library staff to clarify when a source doesn't exist.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has also noted that some references may be fabricated by AI, urging users to verify their sources. There have been numerous instances of AI creating non-existent books and articles, leading to confusion and mistrust in human experts.

While the issue of fake citations isn't new, AI has exacerbated the problem. Users may prefer the confident tone of chatbots over human librarians, and some believe they can improve AI reliability through specific prompts, which may not be effective. Overall, the situation highlights a growing reliance on AI over traditional expertise.

Summary of iUseLinux

iUseLinux is a Python application that lets you use iMessage on your Mac and access it through any web browser on devices like Linux or Windows. Here are the key points:

• Installation: You need a Mac with Python installed. Use the provided commands to install iUseLinux easily. For remote access, a VPN or Tailscale is recommended.

• Security: By default, it is secure as it only connects to localhost. You can also use Tailscale or an SSH tunnel for secure remote access, ensuring your messages don’t go over the public internet.

• Messaging Features: You can send and receive messages, view conversations, and send attachments. Group chats are supported too. However, sending tapbacks isn't possible, and for best video support, install ffmpeg.

• Why iUseLinux?: The creator built it for fun and to improve their own experience, not knowing about a similar application called BlueBubbles. They found having iMessage in a web browser more convenient.

Overall, iUseLinux allows you to manage your iMessages from various devices securely and easily.

The article discusses the author's regret about switching from traditional SIM cards to eSIM technology in 2025.

Key points include:

1. Transition to eSIM: SIM cards, which have been around since the '90s, are being phased out in favor of eSIMs, which are embedded in phones and take up less space.

2. Issues with eSIM: The author highlights problems encountered with eSIMs, such as difficulties in transferring phone numbers and access issues with carrier support, especially when needing to verify accounts without a working SIM.

3. Risks of Losing Access: Losing access to a phone number can lock users out of various digital services, as many rely on SMS for authentication.

4. Comparison with Physical SIMs: Physical SIM cards are described as more reliable and easier to swap compared to eSIMs, which can fail and require more complicated solutions to fix.

5. Call for Better Solutions: The author suggests that there should be better methods for confirming account ownership that do not rely on SMS, as this creates unnecessary complications for users.

In summary, the article expresses skepticism about the benefits of eSIM technology, considering the potential drawbacks and complications it brings to mobile phone users.

No summary available.

The new year is approaching, and we have a goal to reach! Currently, 29 people are contributing $208.96 a month towards our $220 target. You can help by becoming a sustaining member.

This total includes monthly and annual members from our website, Patreon, and LiberaPay. Please note that Patreon contributions only count if the member logs into our site with their Patreon email. Annual pledges add to our monthly goal by one-twelfth of their total value.

The progress updates for contributions happen automatically, but LiberaPay requires manual adjustments since it lacks an automatic system.

Recent update times are:

• Ghost: December 30, 2025
• Patreon: December 29, 2025
• LiberaPay: December 28, 2025

Summary of AI News (12/29/2025 - 12/30/2025)

• Manus Acquisition: AI startup Manus, valued at $500 million and recently achieving $100 million ARR, was acquired by Meta for about $4 billion. The team is celebrating this significant deal.

• AI Developments:

  • vLLM Updates: The vLLM team launched a community site to improve user resources and documentation.
  • Weaviate Features: New features include session management and multimodal document embeddings.
  • API Fragmentation: Concerns are growing over inconsistent API standards across AI providers.
  • Open-weight Models: GLM-4.7 is gaining popularity as a coding model, while MiniMax-M2.1 is recognized for its performance as an open model.
  • FLUX.2 Turbo: A new image model variant has been introduced, showing strong performance.

• Coding Agents Insights: Spotify shared their strategies for managing code migrations using background agents. Documentation practices are evolving to cater to both humans and coding agents.

• Research Highlights:

  • New findings suggest that transformers may retain global structure for better reasoning.
  • Innovations in training techniques could enhance model efficiency significantly.

• Future AI Tools: Predictions for 2026 include a variety of AI applications across different sectors such as chat assistants, video editing, and legal analysis.

• Community Engagement: Active discussions are ongoing in various AI-related subreddits and Discord channels, focusing on model performance, potential vulnerabilities, and the importance of documentation.

• Top Social Media Engagement: Tweets from notable figures raised public interest, particularly about the implications of AI in jobs and societal impacts.

Overall, the AI landscape is rapidly evolving, with significant acquisitions, model advancements, and community engagement shaping the future of technology.

Here's a simplified summary of the key points:

1. Trust Wallet Hack: Binance's Trust Wallet extension was hacked, leading to a loss of $7 million for users. The hack involved malicious code that stole wallet seed phrases. Binance has promised to reimburse affected users.

2. Address Poisoning Attack: A crypto trader lost nearly $50 million due to an address poisoning scam. Scammers created similar wallet addresses to trick the trader into sending funds to them instead of the intended recipient.

3. Yearn Finance Exploits: Yearn Finance experienced its fourth hack, losing about $300,000. This follows previous hacks where they lost $6.6 million and $11 million in earlier incidents.

4. Ribbon Finance Loss: Ribbon Finance lost $2.7 million due to a vulnerability. They plan to reimburse some users but may use dormant users' funds, which could create complications if those users want to withdraw.

5. Binance Employee Misconduct: An employee at Binance was suspended for promoting a memecoin using official company accounts, violating company policy.

6. Ethereum Validator Bug: A bug in the Prysm consensus client caused Ethereum validators to lose over $1 million due to missed block opportunities.

7. Upbit Hack: The South Korean exchange Upbit was hacked for around $30 million, possibly by the North Korean group Lazarus. The exchange is reimbursing users from its reserves.

8. Domain Hijacking: Decentralized exchanges Aerodrome and Velodrome were targeted in a DNS hijacking attack, directing users to fraudulent sites again.

9. Cardano Chainsplit Incident: A chainsplit occurred on the Cardano blockchain due to a user's mistake while testing AI instructions. The founder, Charles Hoskinson, accused the user of acting maliciously and involved the FBI, which raised concerns among the community.

The text discusses an article titled "Tailoring a Lead-Free Organic–Inorganic Halobismuthate for Large Piezoelectric Effect," published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article includes various interactive features for readers, such as buttons to expand or collapse sections and metrics for tracking article engagement. There are also events triggered by mouse actions, such as hovering or clicking, to collect data on user interactions with the article.

Key points:

• The article focuses on developing a lead-free material that exhibits a strong piezoelectric effect.
• It includes functions for user interaction: expanding/collapsing sections, tracking mouse hover and click events.
• The publication is open access, allowing wider access to its content.

Overall, the text highlights the article's content and the interactive features designed to enhance reader engagement.

The demand for memory chips, particularly RAM (random access memory), is surging due to the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing. This increased demand has created a shortage, leading to higher prices for devices like smartphones, computers, and gaming consoles. Analysts predict that RAM prices, especially for DRAM (dynamic random access memory), could rise by 40% in the next quarter and may not decrease in 2026.

Chip manufacturers are focusing on producing more chips for AI, which means there are fewer available for other tech products. As a result, companies like Dell are warning that consumers will likely face higher costs. The memory chip industry is experiencing significant production bottlenecks, and the next factory expected to help with supply won't be operational until 2027. Overall, prices are expected to keep rising as demand continues to outpace supply.

No summary available.