Summary:

Many apps misuse notifications on Android phones, making it hard to manage them. The app MyGate, used for visitor access in gated communities, sends unwanted ads through notifications that can't be blocked.

To address this issue, there's an app called DoNotNotify. It logs all notifications and organizes them by app. Users can create rules to allow or block notifications based on their content, even using complex filters. The app comes with pre-set rules for popular apps like Facebook and TikTok.

DoNotNotify is available at donotnotify.com and runs entirely on your device without internet access. It's free, ad-free, and only needs permission to access notifications.

The text critiques the design of icons in Apple's macOS Tahoe, highlighting several key issues:

1. Overuse of Icons: The abundance of icons makes it harder for users to differentiate between functions. When every menu item has an icon, nothing stands out, leading to confusion.

2. Lack of Consistency: Icons for common actions (like "Save" or "Open") vary across different applications and even within the same app, which disrupts user familiarity and efficiency.

3. Icon Reuse and Confusion: The same icon is often used for different actions, making it difficult for users to understand what each represents. This inconsistency can lead to mistakes.

4. Poor Design Choices: Many icons are overly complex or too small to be recognizable, especially on high-resolution displays. This diminishes their effectiveness in aiding navigation.

5. Misleading Metaphors: Icons sometimes do not accurately represent their functions, leading to confusion rather than clarity. Good design should use familiar symbols that users can easily interpret.

6. Text in Icons: The inclusion of text within icons blurs the line between iconography and actual text, making it hard to differentiate between them.

7. Unclear Visual Hierarchy: The mixed use of icons and text disrupts the scanning process, making it harder for users to quickly locate menu items.

The author argues that despite advancements in technology, the core principles of effective icon design remain unchanged and should be adhered to. The overall conclusion is that Apple's approach in macOS Tahoe has led to a cluttered and confusing user experience, which could have been avoided with better design practices.

A former C++ developer turned Product Manager has created a text-based simulator to help engineers navigate workplace politics, especially when they become team leads. This simulator features a branching narrative based on real experiences, not an AI chatbot. The first scenario, titled "The Backchannel VP," presents a situation where a VP Engineering is undermining the lead by giving tasks directly to junior staff, creating confusion. The objective is to stop this behavior without losing your job. The creator is seeking feedback on whether the solution aligns with real-world experiences. You can check it out at the provided link.

The article by Ibrahim Diallo argues that many people complain about CSS because they don't take the time to learn it properly. He emphasizes that understanding CSS requires effort and planning, just like any other programming language.

Diallo points out that programmers often focus on backend development and neglect how their work will be presented to users. He criticizes the common approach of learning CSS only after completing an application, which leads to frustration when trying to solve design problems.

While he acknowledges that CSS has its flaws, he insists that mastering it is essential for effective web development. He encourages readers to invest time in learning CSS through courses and practice, rather than relying on shortcuts or frameworks that can create maintenance issues.

In summary, the article emphasizes that CSS can be challenging, but with proper learning and understanding, it can be managed effectively, leading to better programming experiences.

The article discusses the impact of AI on the economy, focusing on how it affects overall output rather than just who profits from it. The author uses thought experiments about estimating the number of washing machines and calories consumed to illustrate that for many goods, output reflects shared prosperity. The main argument is that increasing production, driven by automation and AI, is crucial for improving living standards.

The author contrasts common concerns about job losses due to AI with the potential for significant increases in production, such as creating household robots rather than luxury items like mega-yachts. They argue that focusing on the structure of output—producing more essential goods—can help address economic inequality better than merely redistributing income.

The discussion also highlights the importance of building housing to improve living conditions for average families. By increasing the supply of luxury apartments, for instance, more homes become available for families, as single professionals move out of family-sized homes.

The author concludes that both AI and housing development should be viewed through the lens of output rather than distribution, emphasizing the need for policies that promote production and economic growth.

Summary of "Databases in 2025: A Year in Review"

In 2025, numerous significant trends and developments occurred in the database sector. Here are the key highlights:

1. PostgreSQL's Continued Dominance: PostgreSQL maintained its popularity, with new features in version 18, such as asynchronous I/O and skip scans. It remains the focus of many startups and acquisitions, with companies like Databricks and Snowflake investing heavily in PostgreSQL-related firms.

2. Distributed PostgreSQL Projects: Notable projects like Supabase's Multigres and PlanetScale's Neki aim to enhance PostgreSQL's scalability through sharding, which indicates a growing interest in distributed database solutions.

3. Adoption of Model Context Protocol (MCP): In 2025, all major database management systems adopted MCP, which standardizes interactions between databases and language models, improving integration and functionality.

4. Legal Battles: MongoDB filed a lawsuit against FerretDB, claiming patent and trademark infringements, raising questions about API replication in the industry.

5. Emergence of New File Formats: Five new open-source file formats emerged to compete with Parquet, which has been the dominant format for years. These include formats like CWI FastLanes and SpiralDB Vortex.

6. Acquisitions and Mergers: The year saw numerous acquisitions, including major ones like DataStax by IBM and Neon by Databricks. Fivetran and dbt Labs also merged, indicating a trend towards consolidation in the database field.

7. Industry Challenges: Several database startups, such as Fauna and PostgresML, shut down, highlighting the competitive and volatile nature of the industry.

8. Larry Ellison's Remarkable Year: Oracle's co-founder Larry Ellison became the richest person in the world, underscoring the financial power and influence of the database sector.

Overall, 2025 was marked by significant advancements, competitive tensions, and transformative changes within the database landscape.

No summary available.

Anna's Archive, a popular shadow library for finding pirated books, has lost control of its main domain, annas-archive.org, which has been suspended and put on "serverHold" status. This action is usually taken by the domain registry and suggests a possible investigation or court order. The site, which launched in 2022 after Z-Library faced legal action, provides access to free books and supports AI research.

Despite facing legal challenges and being blocked in various countries, Anna's Archive has remained operational through alternative domains. The recent suspension of the .org domain is seen as a temporary setback, and the site still functions through other domains like .li, .se, .in, and .pm. The operator does not believe the suspension is related to their recent backup of Spotify content. The situation highlights the ongoing struggles of shadow libraries in maintaining their online presence amid legal pressures.

No summary available.

Summary of Decorative Cryptography

The text discusses a Linux kernel feature called TCG_TPM2_HMAC, which aims to protect against certain types of attacks on the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) during system boot. This feature uses HMACs (Hash-based Message Authentication Codes) along with encryption to secure communications with the TPM and detect potential threats like data snooping or tampering.

Key points include:

1. Threat Model: The feature is designed to protect against both passive interposers (who can only read data on the TPM bus) and active interposers (who can modify data). Active interposers can manipulate TPM traffic, which poses serious security risks.

2. Limitations: The TCG_TPM2_HMAC cannot address all security concerns because it relies on the firmware and boot loader being trusted, which may not always be the case. If attackers control these components, they can bypass the protections offered by TCG_TPM2_HMAC.

3. Overhead: Implementing this feature incurs significant performance costs due to the complexity of key management and encryption processes.

4. Chain of Trust: The text emphasizes that the chain of trust must remain intact and should not be inverted. The kernel should not be responsible for validating userspace components that could be compromised.

5. Key Management: Effective security relies on proper key management. If key management is neglected, cryptographic measures become ineffective and can create a false sense of security.

6. Conclusion: Real security threats must be addressed with integrated solutions, like the Caliptra chip, which provides a solid root of trust within the hardware itself.

Overall, while TCG_TPM2_HMAC aims to enhance security, its effectiveness is limited by underlying assumptions and potential vulnerabilities in the system architecture.

Summary of "21 Lessons From 14 Years at Google"

The author reflects on 14 years at Google, sharing lessons learned about thriving in engineering beyond just coding. Here are the key points:

1. User Focus: Prioritize understanding user problems over getting attached to technologies.
2. Collaboration: Being right is less important than working together to solve problems.
3. Action-Oriented: Progress comes from taking action, not just planning.
4. Clarity Over Cleverness: Write clear code for future maintainers, prioritizing understanding.
5. Innovation Wisely: Be cautious with new technologies; innovate only when necessary.
6. Advocacy Matters: Your work needs visibility; people need to know your contributions.
7. Minimalism in Code: Sometimes, the best code is the code that doesn’t need to be written.
8. Bugs at Scale: Bugs affect users, so treat compatibility as important as new features.
9. Team Alignment: Misalignment often slows down progress more than technical issues.
10. Control Focus: Concentrate on what you can control and let go of what you can’t.
11. Understand Abstractions: Know the underlying systems even if you use abstractions.
12. Teach to Learn: Explaining concepts helps clarify your understanding.
13. Value Invisible Work: Recognize and document essential but often overlooked work.
14. Beware of Winning Debates: Winning arguments can lead to hidden resistance; seek real alignment.
15. Metrics Can Mislead: Metrics can be gamed; focus on trends for insights rather than thresholds.
16. Embrace Uncertainty: Admitting what you don’t know fosters a safe environment for learning.
17. Network Importance: Build and maintain relationships; they can be more valuable than your job.
18. Reduce Work for Performance: Often, removing unnecessary tasks is more effective than adding complexity.
19. Purpose of Process: Processes should reduce uncertainty, not create unnecessary bureaucracy.
20. Value Time: As you progress, prioritize time over money in your decisions.
21. Deliberate Practice: Expertise builds over time through consistent practice and reflection.

In essence, the author encourages engineers to stay curious, humble, and focused on people—both users and teammates—as they navigate their careers.

No summary available.

Summary of Circuit Artist Game

Circuit Artist is a game where players draw digital circuits as pixel art. It's similar to MS Paint, but with wires and NAND gates. The game runs simulations in real time, showing the state of each wire clearly.

Initially, the game had a unit-delay simulation, which caused several issues:

1. Players couldn't see how different circuit types worked because everything resolved instantly.
2. Design errors in circuits became confusing game bugs without clear explanations.
3. The layout of wires didn't matter since signals would propagate instantly across the map.
4. Adding visual feedback for signal propagation was difficult.

To improve the game, the engine was rebuilt using variable-delay event-based simulation. This new system uses Elmore delay, meaning the delay of each wire depends on its length and how many connections it has.

Key improvements include:

• Propagating Animation: The game now shows signal propagation visually with a glow effect.
• Time Rewind: Players can pause and rewind simulations to debug circuits, which is helpful for complex designs.
• Layering: The game allows for up to three layers, with upper layers propagating signals faster, enabling better routing around dense circuit areas.

A campaign mode is being developed to help players learn circuit design, and there are plans to support user-generated content through Steam Workshop.

For more information, you can check out the game on GitHub and Steam.

RevisionDojo is a test prep company that helps students prepare for International Baccalaureate (IB) exams and has raised $3.4 million in funding. Recently, users on the r/IBO subreddit have reported unethical marketing practices by the company, including:

• Astroturfing: Fake accounts pretending to be students share "cheatsheets" and "exam leaks," creating a false sense of excitement.
• Paid fake posts: Students have been offered money to write promotional posts on Reddit.
• Pressuring critics: Those who leave negative reviews have been contacted by the company, which discourages public criticism.
• Soliciting copyrighted materials: The company has used influencers to encourage students to sell them official IB exam papers, which is against IB rules.

The subreddit moderators are looking into these issues. Despite the controversy, RevisionDojo has recently acquired OnePrep, a popular free SAT prep tool, and has been using similar manipulative tactics to promote it, including mass posting and upvoting on Reddit.

No summary available.

In 2025, I completed 301,432 flashcard reviews using my own software, which is designed to be unique in its approach. I reviewed 52,764 different cards and maintained a daily review streak since March 25, 2023. My average correct-answer rate is about 89%.

I noticed that my performance varies slightly throughout the day, with better results in the morning and around 5 PM. However, these differences aren't statistically significant. My most frequently missed card was about the musical "Merrily We Roll Along." Overall, I'm pleased with my progress and look forward to another year of learning in 2026.

No summary available.

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The author describes their setup for running six Claude Code agents on their phone without needing a laptop or desktop. They use Termius on iOS to connect to a cloud virtual machine (VM) hosted on Vultr, which costs $0.29 per hour.

Key Points:

• Setup:

  • Uses Termius for SSH access and mosh for network resilience.
  • The VM is accessible only through a private network (Tailscale), enhancing security.

• Workflow:

  • Launch tasks on the VM and receive push notifications when Claude needs input.
  • Uses scripts to start and stop the VM from their phone.

• Session Management:

  • Employs tmux to keep sessions active, allowing multiple Claude agents to run in parallel.
  • Each feature is developed in separate worktrees to avoid conflicts.

• Mobile Development:

  • The system allows for development on-the-go, fitting coding tasks into daily activities.
  • Notifications make it easy to respond to tasks without constantly checking the terminal.

• Security:

  • The VM is isolated from production systems, minimizing risk.

In summary, the author effectively combines cloud computing, mobile technology, and automation to enable productive coding from anywhere with just their phone.

taws - Terminal UI for AWS

taws is a command-line interface designed to help users manage their AWS resources more easily. It allows for real-time monitoring and interaction with AWS infrastructure.

Key Features:

• Multi-Profile and Region Support: Switch between different AWS profiles and regions.
• Resource Management: Access over 94 resource types across 60+ AWS services.
• Real-time Updates: Refresh information with a single keystroke.
• Keyboard Navigation: Similar to Vim, allowing efficient command execution.
• Resource Actions: Directly manage EC2 instances (start, stop, terminate).
• Filtering and Autocomplete: Easily find resources by name or attributes.

Installation Options:

• Homebrew (macOS/Linux): brew install huseyinbabal/tap/taws
• Scoop (Windows): Follow provided commands to add the Scoop bucket and install.
• Pre-built Binaries: Download from the Releases page for your platform (macOS, Linux, Windows).
• Cargo: Use cargo install taws if you have Rust installed.

Quick Start Commands:

• Launch with default profile: taws
• Use a specific profile: taws --profile production
• Set a specific region: taws --region us-west-2
• Enable debug logging: taws --log-level debug
• Read-only mode: taws --readonly

Log File Locations:

• Linux: ~/.config/taws/taws.log
• macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/taws/taws.log
• Windows: %APPDATA%\taws\taws.log

Key Bindings:

• Navigation: k/j to move up/down, g/G to jump to top/bottom.
• Actions: r to refresh, p to switch profiles, q to quit.

Supported Services: taws supports 30 AWS services, including EC2, S3, RDS, IAM, and more, covering over 95% of typical AWS usage.

Configuration: taws looks for AWS credentials in standard locations or via environment variables.

Contributions: Contributions to the project are welcome, especially for adding new AWS services.

License: This project is under the MIT License.

Note: It is inspired by k9s and built with Rust.

The text reflects on the experience of sitting alone in a café, highlighting the contrast between typical café use as a social space and the personal journey of solitude. The author shares their decision to take a staycation instead of traveling, focusing on enjoying simple pleasures like long walks with their dog.

By leaving their phone at home, they find freedom from distractions and allow their mind to wander, leading to moments of reflection and self-acceptance. The author observes people in the café, noticing their emotions and interactions in a way they hadn’t before. They acknowledge the fear and power of being alone and how it can influence thoughts in others.

As they continue to visit the café, they embrace the idea of solitude and the connections it can foster, even among strangers. The author concludes that writing by hand enhances this experience, allowing for deeper reflection and mindfulness. Overall, the text emphasizes the value of slowing down, being present, and appreciating simple moments in life.

Summary:

3Duino is a new software and hardware platform that helps users quickly create interactive 3D-printed devices. Developed by a team from several universities, it allows users to input a 3D model and define how the device should interact, using simple language.

The platform modifies the 3D model for movement, adds necessary component mounts, provides a materials list, and generates the code needed for functionality. It uses an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Rev2 as its base and supports various hardware options based on user choices.

While there are some limitations, these are realistic and allow for effective design, making 3Duino ideal for simple electronic toys and devices.

The text discusses why a linear least squares fit can seem biased when applied to certain data sets. The author generated a correlated dataset using Python and observed that the fitted line appeared tilted, not passing through the center of the data as expected.

Key points include:

1. Linear Least Squares Fit: This method minimizes the vertical distances (errors) between the data points and the fitted line. The expectation is that it should pass through the center of the data cluster.

2. Covariance Matrix and Eigenvectors: The author calculated the direction of maximum variance using the covariance matrix, which showed a different direction than the least squares fit. This direction aligns with intuition about data distribution.

3. Asymmetrical Treatment: The least squares method treats the dependent variable (Y) as having measurement errors but assumes the independent variable (X) is exact. This asymmetry can lead to a bias in the fit, as it does not account for errors in both variables.

4. Alternative Methods: Total Least Squares (TLS) or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can provide more accurate representations when both variables are subject to error. These methods consider errors in both X and Y, rather than just Y.

5. Intuitive Understanding: The OLS fit does pass through the average point of the data but may not align with where the highest density of points lies, leading to a perceived bias.

In summary, the bias observed in the linear least squares fit arises from its treatment of measurement errors asymmetrically, and alternative methods like TLS may better capture the true relationship in the data.

In North Carolina's Sandhills region, bees produce a rare purple honey that baffles experts and fascinates locals. This unique honey appears sporadically, with no clear reason for its color. It’s thought that factors like soil alkalinity, surrounding wild berries, or the invasive kudzu vine might contribute to its hue, but no consensus exists. Local beekeepers like Don Dees have reported that purple honey often arises under drought-like conditions, possibly due to blue-black huckleberries feeding the bees. The honey is a sought-after delicacy, with prices significantly higher than regular honey. Visitors can try to find this extraordinary treat in late July or explore local farms for other honey varieties. The mystery of the purple honey adds to the charm of the region, making it a unique destination for travelers.

Ibrahim Diallo shared an experience where he charged a company $18,000 for creating a simple static HTML page. Initially, he estimated the job would take about 20 hours and quoted $1,500. However, due to miscommunication and delays in receiving the necessary materials, the project stretched over seven weeks. During this time, he spent most of his days at the office socializing and waiting for responses rather than working on the page.

Eventually, when he completed the project, he invoiced the company for the entire duration, which they mistakenly calculated at $21,000. Despite feeling guilty about the high charge for what seemed like a straightforward task, he justified it by noting the extensive time he spent waiting and commuting.

The story highlights issues with corporate inefficiencies and how contractors can sometimes benefit from these situations, even if it feels unethical. Ultimately, it raises questions about the value of work versus time in contracting and the challenges that come with large organizations.

No summary available.

The text reflects on the one-year anniversary of Hurricane Helene and its effects on Western North Carolina, particularly regarding the challenges faced with mobile web access during the disaster.

Key points include:

1. Impact of the Storm: Hurricane Helene caused flooding and damaged cell towers, making it hard for people to access important emergency information.
2. Web Access Issues: The author, a web developer, experienced slow-loading websites when trying to find information about storm damage and road closures. Many government and emergency sites had excessive media that hindered access.
3. Effective Communication: The most helpful information came from a simple daily email newsletter from a local representative, which listed essential updates in a clear bulleted format.
4. Need for Simplicity: The author argues that websites should prioritize speed and efficiency, suggesting that simpler, text-based content would be more effective, especially during emergencies.
5. Ongoing Problems: Limited connectivity isn't just an issue during disasters; it can occur regularly. Many websites, including those for utilities and healthcare, have poor performance and accessibility.
6. Call for Improvement: The author advocates for better web practices, including faster loading times, mobile responsiveness, and clearer information architecture. Engaging with users to understand their needs can lead to more effective web solutions.

Overall, the text emphasizes the importance of creating efficient, accessible websites that provide essential information quickly, especially in crisis situations.

The article "All AI Videos Are Harmful" by Ibrahim Diallo expresses deep concerns about AI-generated videos. The author initially hoped that AI tools like OpenAI's Sora would help him create films from his stories. However, he found that these tools produce generic content that lacks depth and narrative coherence.

Diallo identifies a specific aesthetic in AI videos that triggers a negative response, calling it the "new uncanny valley." He notes that even real videos on platforms like YouTube are being altered with AI, making it hard to distinguish between genuine and AI-generated content. This blurring of lines has led to misinformation spreading rapidly, particularly targeting older adults who often share false videos without verifying their authenticity.

The author argues that AI video technology is primarily being exploited by those with malicious intent, such as spammers and manipulators. While he acknowledges some potential positive uses for AI in education and art, he ultimately concludes that all AI-generated videos are harmful. They either spread misinformation or contribute to a general distrust in media, making it difficult to establish a reliable foundation for visual content in the future.

Summary of "Monads in C# (Part 2): Result" by Alex Yorke

In this article, the author discusses the Result monad in C#, a tool for handling computations that may fail. The Result monad allows developers to return either a success value (Ok) or an error (Fail), making failure handling explicit and organized.

Key Points:

1. Structure of Result: The Result type has two cases:

   • Ok(value) for successful outcomes.
   • Fail(error) for errors with a clear reason.

2. Usage of Bind: You can chain computations using the Bind method. If any step fails, the subsequent steps are skipped, and the error flows through.

3. When to Use Result:

   • It's ideal for expected and recoverable failures, such as validation or user input parsing.
   • Avoid it for accumulating multiple errors or when the operation's failure is unexpected.

4. Comparison to Exceptions: The article contrasts using Result with traditional exception handling in C#. Exceptions can obscure where failures occur, while Result makes them part of the method's return type.

5. Implementation Details: The author provides a simple implementation of the Result type, emphasizing its design for clarity and consistent error handling.

6. Pipeline Composition: The Result monad allows for composing functions in a clean manner, where each function can return a Result, ensuring the chain remains intact.

7. Handling Results: The Match method is used to convert a Result into a user-friendly output, making it suitable for public interfaces or APIs.

8. Best Practices:

   • Use Result for operations where failure is expected.
   • Unwrap Result to DTOs or similar structures for API responses.
   • Consider using libraries that enhance the Result monad's capabilities in more complex scenarios.

Overall, the Result monad in C# helps manage failures in a clear, structured way, promoting better error handling practices in software development.

Summary:

Web development has become enjoyable again due to advancements in AI tools that help simplify complex tasks. The author reflects on the past when web development was simpler, with fewer tools and challenges. Now, the field has grown more complex, making it difficult for solo developers to manage both frontend and backend tasks.

AI tools like Claude and Codex have significantly increased productivity, allowing developers to handle the entire stack with confidence and speed. This has freed up mental space for creativity, enabling developers to focus on user experience and try new ideas without being overwhelmed by technical challenges.

Overall, AI has revitalized web development, making it easier and more fun to create high-quality software.

Summary: Building a Rust-Style Static Analyzer for C++

The project, found at GitHub, aims to create a static analyzer for C++ that incorporates Rust's memory safety features. After years of experiencing memory-related bugs in C++, the author sought a solution to prevent issues like segmentation faults and memory corruptions.

Key Points:

1. C++ vs. Rust:

   • The author appreciates Rust for its memory safety but can't rewrite existing C++ codebases. They hoped for better interoperability between C++ and Rust, but this seems unlikely to happen soon.

2. Creating a Static Analyzer:

   • Previous attempts to bring Rust-like features to C++ (like Circle C++) have failed due to reliance on closed-source compilers and intrusive changes to the language.
   • The author decided to write a static analyzer instead, focusing on analyzing C++ code without changing its syntax.

3. Using AI for Development:

   • The author leveraged AI coding assistants to develop the analyzer. This AI helped create a prototype, write tests, and refine the code through iterations.
   • The AI's rapid improvement surprised the author, highlighting concerns about the future of software engineering jobs.

4. Technical Design:

   • The analyzer uses comment-based syntax to mark code as safe or unsafe without altering existing code.
   • Key features include borrow checking (like Rust), handling legacy code, and defining custom types that mimic Rust's standard library.

5. Usage:

   • The analyzer can be run on C++ files to check for violations and integrates with CMake for larger projects.

Conclusion:

The project represents a significant personal achievement for the author, turning an idea into functional code with the help of AI. They encourage others to try the analyzer to improve memory safety in their own C++ projects.

No summary available.

The text discusses vulnerabilities found in Eurostar's AI chatbot, highlighting four main security issues:

1. Guardrails Bypass: Attackers could manipulate the chat history to bypass security checks, allowing harmful inputs to reach the AI model.
2. Information Disclosure via Prompt Injection: Users could extract sensitive information, like the underlying model name, by crafting specific requests.
3. HTML Injection/Self-XSS: The chatbot's responses, which could include HTML, were not properly validated, enabling attackers to inject malicious code.
4. Unverified Message and Conversation IDs: The system lacked proper validation for unique identifiers, which could allow attackers to manipulate chat sessions.

The disclosure process to Eurostar was challenging, with delays and a lack of communication. The vulnerabilities were eventually fixed, but the experience raised concerns about the effectiveness of their vulnerability disclosure program.

To mitigate these issues, the text recommends implementing robust validation and sanitization processes for inputs and outputs, ensuring guardrails are enforced server-side, and maintaining ongoing monitoring and training for users and staff. Overall, consistent application of web security practices is essential for securing AI features.

The provided text outlines a comprehensive guide for programming in the LOGOS language, designed to be user-friendly. Here are the key points:

1. LOGOS Language: LOGOS allows coding in plain English, translating sentences into executable programs. It features two modes: Imperative Mode for coding and Logic Mode for formal logic translation.

2. Guide Structure: The guide is divided into several parts covering programming concepts, project structure, logic mode, proofs, and reference materials.

3. Getting Started: It begins with a "Hello World" example, introducing basic programming practices.

4. Variables and Types: LOGOS uses natural language to create and modify variables. Key types include integers, booleans, strings, decimals, characters, and bytes.

5. Accessibility Features: The guide emphasizes accessibility, using clear colors, readable fonts, and responsive design for various devices.

6. Styling and Layout: The CSS styles provided enhance visual appeal and usability, including color schemes, spacing, and animations for UI elements.

In summary, the LOGOS guide is a structured resource for learning programming using intuitive language, covering essential concepts and providing a visually appealing layout.

Summary of "How Browsers Work"

This guide explains how web browsers operate in a simple way, aimed at both engineers and curious web users. It offers interactive examples to help users understand the technical details without overwhelming them.

Key Points:

1. URLs and HTTP Requests:

   • Browsers work with URLs. For example, typing "pizza" turns into a search URL.
   • When you enter a URL, the browser sends an HTTP request to the server.

2. Domain Name Resolution:

   • Browsers can't use domain names directly, so they first convert them into IP addresses using the DNS system.

3. TCP Connection:

   • A reliable connection is established using TCP through a three-step handshake to ensure both the client and server are ready to communicate.

4. HTTP Communication:

   • After the TCP connection is set, the browser sends an HTTP request, and the server responds with the requested data.

5. Rendering Process:

   • The browser processes the HTML response to create a Document Object Model (DOM) tree, which represents the structure of the webpage.
   • The DOM is essential for dynamic interactions, as it connects HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

6. Rendering Pipeline:

   • The browser then calculates layout, paints pixels, and combines layers to display the webpage. Changes to the DOM can trigger different parts of this rendering process.

In conclusion, this guide helps users build a clear understanding of how browsers work, from entering a URL to rendering a webpage.

No summary available.

The article "Reading Is a Vice" by Adam Kirsch discusses the decline in reading among Americans. It highlights that reading is becoming less common, with less than half of Americans reading a book in the past year, and only 38% reading a novel or short story. A study found that daily reading for pleasure has decreased by 3% each year from 2003 to 2023. Reading habits among students are also worsening; only 14% of 13-year-olds read for fun almost every day, a drop from 27% a decade ago. The article suggests that this trend is leading America towards a decline in literacy.

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Awesome Agentic Patterns Summary

This document presents a collection of effective AI patterns that aid autonomous or semi-autonomous AI agents in real-world applications. The goal is to provide practical strategies that can help teams create smarter and faster AI systems, bridging the gap between simple tutorials and complex products.

Key Features of Patterns:

• Repeatable: Used by multiple teams.
• Agent-Centric: Enhances the AI agent's ability to sense, reason, or act.
• Traceable: Supported by public references like blogs or papers.

Categories of Patterns:

1. Orchestration & Control: Techniques for task management and tool usage.
2. Context & Memory: Methods for managing agent memory and context.
3. Feedback Loops: Systems for continuous improvement and feedback integration.
4. Tool Use & Environment: Strategies for effective interaction with various tools.
5. UX & Collaboration: Enhancements for user experience and teamwork.
6. Reliability & Evaluation: Practices to ensure reliability and evaluation of AI systems.

Contribution Process: To add a new pattern, users should fork the project, create a new file, and submit a pull request.

Inspiration: The project draws on experiences from building AI coding agents and ongoing community sharing.

License: The content is shared under the Apache-2.0 license.

No summary available.

Summary:

The article discusses the author's journey and challenges in transitioning from the X server (X11) to Wayland on their high-end Linux setup. Wayland, which started in 2008, faced poor driver support and usability issues until recently. The author highlights that nVidia graphics cards had significant compatibility problems, particularly with an 8K monitor, until nVidia added support for Wayland drivers.

The author details their setup, including a Dell 8K monitor and the nVidia GeForce RTX series GPUs. They encountered several issues while testing Wayland, including problems with screen scaling, application compatibility, and graphical glitches. Various applications, like Emacs and Chrome, showed performance issues under Wayland, such as blurry displays and lag.

The author explored using Sway, a Wayland version of the i3 window manager, and noted that while it aims to be compatible with i3, several features and functionalities differed. They also faced challenges with screen sharing, notifications, and terminal emulators.

Despite some progress in getting a Wayland session to work, the author concludes that their experience with X11 remains superior, citing issues that need resolution before they can fully switch to Wayland for daily use. They express a desire for improvements in Sway and better support for applications like Chrome and Emacs before making the transition permanent.

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The provided links lead to a scientific article and its supplementary material. However, without access to the actual content of the article, I can't provide a summary of its key points. If you can share the main text or key excerpts, I'd be happy to help summarize that information for you!

Summary of NeXTSTEP on PA-RISC

NeXTSTEP is a Unix operating system developed by NeXT in the late 1980s and early 1990s, known for its advanced graphical user interface and built on a Mach microkernel. Initially, it ran only on NeXT's own hardware, but in 1991, it expanded to support Intel x86 PCs and later, in 1994, included support for certain HP 9000 PA-RISC workstations with the release of version 3.3.

Key points include:

• Supported Hardware: NeXTSTEP 3.3 is compatible with several HP 9000 700 workstations, including models like the 712, 715, 725, 735, and 755. The software ran best on the HP 9000 712 workstation.

• Software Support: While there were some commercial applications available, the software options for the PA-RISC version were limited. Notable applications included SoftPC (a PC emulator) and FrameMaker (a desktop publishing program).

• Limitations: The PA-RISC version had limited third-party software support and was restricted to version 3.3, which affected its commercial success. Despite its innovative features, NeXTSTEP did not maintain long-term success but influenced future systems like Mac OS.

• Documentation: Manuals and articles on NeXTSTEP, including installation guides and administration manuals, are available for users seeking more information.

OpenPA serves as a resource for information on PA-RISC technology and NeXTSTEP, edited by Paul Weissmann since 1999.

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Nike is currently facing a significant crisis, marked by its worst revenue decline in almost five years, with an 11.5% drop to $11.01 billion. Factors contributing to this decline include a 20% fall in digital sales and a 35% decrease in app downloads. Historically, Nike built its dominance through strong product development, athlete partnerships, and effective marketing. However, recent strategic decisions have weakened these key areas.

In 2020, CEO John Donahoe shifted Nike's focus to direct-to-consumer sales, cutting ties with many wholesalers. While this aimed to improve profit margins, it reduced retail presence and allowed competitors like On and Hoka to gain market share. Additionally, Donahoe reorganized product development teams, losing specialized knowledge that distinguished Nike’s products from competitors.

Nike's partnerships with top athletes have also dwindled, with several high-profile athletes leaving for rival brands. This loss is critical because these partnerships are integral to both marketing and product development. The brand's marketing approach has shifted from a competitive, winning message to a softer tone focused on participation, which doesn't align with the current lack of innovative products.

Compounding these issues, new tariffs on imports have added significant costs, and Nike's concentrated manufacturing strategy has made it vulnerable to trade policy changes.

In response to these challenges, Nike has replaced Donahoe with Elliott Hill to refocus on product development and regain its competitive edge. However, the market has changed, and smaller brands are now competing effectively by targeting specific niches. Nike's crisis stems from a misunderstanding of how to maintain its competitive advantages, which require the integration of its brand, products, and partnerships. Recovery will be challenging as the structural advantages that once supported Nike's dominance may no longer exist.

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In this blog post, the author is setting up a FreeBSD server as a home NAS (Network Attached Storage) and configuring a VPN (Virtual Private Network) using WireGuard. The objective is to connect their office and home networks to share resources easily, including backups for their blog.

Key points include:

1. VPN Choice: The author chooses WireGuard over OpenVPN for its simplicity and efficiency, highlighting that WireGuard has a smaller codebase, runs in kernel space, and operates on a peer-to-peer model.

2. Network Setup: The author describes their two networks:

   • Office Network: 192.168.0.0/24 with devices running FreeBSD and Arch Linux.
   • Home Network: 192.168.100.0/24 with a home laptop.

3. Goals: They aim to configure FreeBSD as a WireGuard VPN server, set up NAT port-forwarding on their router, and ensure both laptops can communicate and access the NAS.

4. WireGuard Installation: The author details the installation of WireGuard on FreeBSD, which involves loading the necessary kernel module and configuring it in the system settings.

5. Network Configuration: Instructions are provided for enabling IP forwarding and updating the Packet Filter (PF) firewall settings to allow VPN traffic.

6. Firewall Configuration: The PF configuration is adjusted to allow specific inbound and outbound traffic, including UDP connections for WireGuard and connections from the VPN network to the FreeBSD host.

The post is part of a series on setting up a home NAS, with future entries planned to cover additional features and configurations.

The Showa Hundred Year Problem: A Summary

In 2025, Japan celebrated various 100th anniversaries, including the Showa imperial era, which originally began in 1926 and ended in 1989. This year marked a significant concern known as the "Showa Hundred Year Problem," similar to the Y2K issue, where computer systems storing dates might encounter problems as the year changes from 99 to 00.

In Japan, years are often designated by imperial eras, with 2025 being the 7th year of the Reiwa era. The Showa era lasted 62 years, making it the longest by far and overlapping with the rise of computing. There was a fear that some outdated programs using two-digit year formats might incorrectly process the date change, interpreting 2025 as 1925 instead.

Despite concerns, as 2025 approached, there were no significant issues reported related to this date change, indicating that many of the older systems had already been replaced or updated. Interestingly, imperial eras don't have a year zero, meaning the 100th anniversary of an event in the Showa era actually falls in 2026, potentially leading to future complications. Overall, the transition into 2025 passed without major incident, easing fears about the Showa Hundred Year Problem.

The text provides an overview of various JavaScript engines, highlighting key details for each. Here are the key points simplified for easy understanding:

1. Engine Names and Versions: Each engine has a unique name and version number, indicating its development stage.

2. Scores and Compliance: Engines are evaluated based on their compliance with different JavaScript versions (like ES5, ES6, etc.) and their performance scores.

3. Language and Target Platforms: Most engines are written in languages like C++, Java, Go, or Rust and target various platforms, from web browsers to microcontrollers.

4. Community and Contributors: Each engine has a number of contributors and community involvement, often indicated by "stars" on platforms like GitHub.

5. Licensing: The engines are distributed under various licenses, such as MIT, GPL, or Apache, which dictate how they can be used and modified.

6. Descriptions: A brief description is provided for each engine, detailing its primary function, such as being embeddable, lightweight, or optimized for specific applications like mobile apps or microcontrollers.

This summary highlights the essential elements of the JavaScript engines listed, making it easier to understand their purpose and characteristics.

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Traceformer.io is a web app that helps review schematics from KiCad projects or Altium netlists using large language models (LLMs). It focuses on finding issues that regular design rule check (ERC) tools miss, specifically those related to datasheets.

Since its initial launch as Netlist.io, the platform has undergone significant improvements, including:

• Complete parsing of KiCad projects with an open-source plugin
• Pricing based on a pass-through API with a small fee
• Automatic retrieval of datasheets
• A user interface for schematic reviews similar to ERC/DRC tools
• An updated review process with options for different models (like GPT 5.2 and Opus 4.5)
• Customizable review settings (like token limits and design rules)

They also offer a free plan for users to test a design before subscribing. Feedback from users is encouraged!

The author shares how they have preserved 10 years of memories using Spotify. They explain that music and scents can evoke strong emotions and memories. Every January 1st, they create a new playlist for the past year, copying their liked songs into it and then clearing their liked songs. They also back up the playlist to prevent losing it. This method allows them to easily revisit specific times in the past, such as fall 2016, by accessing the corresponding playlist. Throughout the year, they listen to new music, adding songs they discover or hear in their surroundings, which helps them connect music to specific memories. They avoid replaying old songs to keep the memories intact, except for occasional remixes.

Summary: Using Hinge as a Command & Control Server

This text outlines a method to use the dating app Hinge as a command and control (C2) server, particularly for malicious purposes. Here are the key points:

1. Account Setup: To create an account on Hinge, a phone number is needed. Options like Mint Mobile's 7-day trial SIMs can be used to acquire multiple numbers.

2. Payload Creation: The author provides a method to encode a simple C program ("Hello World") into an image using a Python script. This encoded image can be uploaded to Hinge, which transforms it before storing.

3. Public Data: Hinge's API allows access to user data if you know the user ID. The text includes an example of how to retrieve a profile’s photos and answers using a specific API call.

4. Data Retrieval: Users can use the curl command to extract data from Hinge, including images and text responses that can be used for further data manipulation or sharing.

5. MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) Setup: The text explains how to bypass Hinge's lack of certificate pinning to intercept communications. This involves modifying the app's APK files to allow for easier data extraction.

6. Final Steps: Once the setup is complete, you can use tools like mitmproxy to monitor and collect data from Hinge while using the app.

The author emphasizes that while this technique is complex, it can be entertaining and demonstrates vulnerabilities in app security.

Hover is a Chrome extension that provides IDE-style tooltips for code on any webpage, including documentation sites and AI platforms. Here's how it works:

• The extension detects code blocks when they appear on the screen.
• It sends the code to a language model (LLM) to generate documentation, which is then stored for quick access.
• When you hover over a code token, the cached documentation shows up immediately.

Key features include:

• Customizable website permissions, so the extension only activates on chosen sites.
• Support for custom endpoints, allowing companies to use their own infrastructure instead of the default OpenRouter.

Hover is built with TypeScript, Vite, and Chrome extension APIs, and will be available on the Chrome Web Store soon. The creator welcomes feedback on the user experience and is open to questions about how it works.

The article discusses the evolution of English writing, particularly focusing on sentence structure and style. It challenges the common belief that English sentences have become shorter and simpler over time, arguing instead that the changes in English prose are more about increased variation and logical structure.

Key points include:

1. Historical Shifts: Significant changes in English prose occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, influenced by commercial writing and the Reformation. This led to a "plain style" and logical syntax, making writing clearer.

2. Sentence Structure: A sentence is defined by its syntactical structure, typically consisting of a subject, verb, and object. Complexity comes from how ideas are organized, not just sentence length.

3. Punctuation and Clarity: Modern writing often uses full stops to create shorter sentences, but this does not necessarily mean the ideas are simpler. The complexity of thought can remain high even if sentences are punctuated differently.

4. The Plain Style: This style emphasizes straightforward, factual writing without embellishments. It has become dominant in various forms of communication, particularly in journalism and online writing.

5. Writing Like Speaking: There is a trend towards writing that mimics spoken language, making prose more relatable and easier to read. This has been happening for over a century and contributes to perceptions of modern writing.

6. Versatility of English: Modern English can accommodate both short, simple sentences and longer, more complex ones, allowing for a wide range of expression.

Overall, the article emphasizes that simplicity in writing is not solely about shorter sentences but rather about clear, logical expression that can take many forms.

JeffGeerling.com has transitioned from the Drupal CMS to Hugo, a static site generator, as of January 3, 2026. The website has been running on Drupal since 2009, but maintaining it became cumbersome, especially after complex upgrades. Jeff's blog serves as a personal project for sharing thoughts and supporting his YouTube content, and he wanted to reduce the time spent on maintenance.

He chose Hugo because it’s simpler and faster than Drupal, especially since he has been writing in Markdown since 2020. This move allows for easier content publishing, as he can update the site with minimal steps compared to the complicated process he had with Drupal.

While migrating, he anticipates some issues like broken links or missing images due to the extensive history and numerous posts on the site. Initially, comments will be disabled, and he plans to implement a self-hosted commenting system later. He also needs to figure out how to add site search, which was previously integrated with Drupal.

Overall, the switch aims to streamline his workflow and allow him to focus more on writing rather than managing a complex system.

The author, who has 25 years of programming experience, has created a project using DSP (Digital Signal Processing) for the first time, with help from AI. They are proud of their work, which is a faithful recreation based on online schematics and patents. They invite others to watch a video of their project and share their thoughts. Despite their extensive background in programming, the author expresses feeling uncertain about their current role, as it no longer involves coding directly.

Here’s a simplified summary of the text:

The document lists various software releases from the PC cracking scene that feature graphical effects. Here are some key entries:

1. OSBytes ffMediaMaster v1.1.1 - Includes reflection effects, compatible with Windows 11.

2. SepantaSoft Easy Tweak v1.8.7 - Offers horizontal sine scroller and starfield effects, compatible with Windows 11.

3. Mirc v5.9 - Features rainbow effects, works on Windows 11.

4. PCS Podgladacz v4.3 - Also has rainbow effects, compatible with Windows 11.

5. ACWeb v1.02 - Displays inverted color squares, compatible with Windows 11.

6. Recordex USA XSight HD v2.9.5.21107 - Includes checkerboard tunnel and moving logo effects, works on Windows 11.

7. DreamCoder for MySQL Enterprise v4.4 - Features a VU Meter effect, compatible with Windows 11.

8. Microsoft Office 365 v2211 - Offers multiple effects like bouncy text and horizontal scroller, compatible with Windows 10.

9. PCBoost v3.4.16.2007 - Features a vertical scroller and colorshift effects, compatible with Windows 10.

10. SOLIDWORKS v2005 - Displays a fire tornado effect, compatible with Windows 10.

Most of the software is compatible with Windows 10 or 11 and showcases various visual effects, primarily used in graphical settings or software development. Each entry includes a release name, size, and effect type.

HN4: The Post-POSIX Filesystem Overview

HN4 is a new storage engine designed for high-speed applications, particularly those using NVMe and direct-to-metal setups. Unlike traditional filesystems, which rely on outdated methods like tree structures for data management, HN4 uses mathematical calculations for fast data access, achieving O(1) lookup times (constant time) compared to O(log N) in standard filesystems.

Key Features:

1. Speed: HN4 calculates data locations instead of searching through metadata, resulting in significantly lower latency (nanoseconds vs. microseconds in traditional systems).

2. Throughput: It employs a "Shotgun Protocol," allowing multiple requests to be processed simultaneously across hardware queues, maximizing data transfer rates.

3. Architecture: HN4 is fundamentally different from POSIX systems. It uses a unique method for data allocation that avoids fragmentation and maintains performance even at high capacities.

4. Self-Healing: HN4 automatically repairs corrupted data by calculating alternative paths for data retrieval, ensuring reliability without relying on external RAID systems.

5. Direct GPU Access: It supports direct data access from storage to GPU memory, enhancing performance for AI applications.

6. Snapshots: HN4 allows users to access filesystem states from past moments easily, using lightweight pointers instead of heavy data copies.

7. User-Friendly Profiles: The system has five distinct operation modes tailored for different hardware types, simplifying usage while optimizing performance.

Integration: HN4 is compatible with C99/C11 and designed for low-level environments without OS dependencies.

Comparison with Traditional Filesystems:

• Lookup Method: HN4 uses math for constant time access, while traditional filesystems use B-Trees, resulting in slower searches.
• Integrity: HN4 features self-healing capabilities, while traditional systems rely on journaling and checksums.
• Latency: HN4 achieves latency in nanoseconds compared to microseconds in others.
• Performance: HN4 maintains consistent performance under load, whereas traditional systems may degrade.

Conclusion: HN4 is ideal for environments where speed and efficiency are crucial, such as embedded systems, gaming consoles, and AI training. For general-purpose use, traditional filesystems like ext4 or ZFS are recommended. HN4 is available under the Apache 2.0 license for free use with attribution.

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Airplane windows have a small hole at the bottom, known as a "bleed hole," which is an important design feature. This hole helps equalize pressure between the cabin and the space between the window panes. When an airplane climbs to high altitudes, the pressure inside the cabin is much higher than outside, and without these holes, the windows could crack or shatter due to stress from rapid pressure changes.

Originally, airplane windows had square edges, which contributed to structural failures in early jets. To improve safety, designs changed to oval shapes, and modern windows are made of three layers of acrylic for added strength. The bleed holes also prevent condensation from forming between the panes, ensuring passengers have clear views.

In summary, bleed holes are crucial for both safety and visibility in airplane windows.

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Summary of OpenGitOps

OpenGitOps is a set of open-source guidelines and practices designed to help organizations implement GitOps, which is a modern approach to managing software development and infrastructure. Key points include:

• What is GitOps? It's a method that uses Git for managing infrastructure and application deployments, improving collaboration and efficiency.

• Key Principles of GitOps:

  1. Declarative: The desired system state is clearly defined.
  2. Versioned and Immutable: State is stored in a way that preserves its history and prevents changes.
  3. Pulled Automatically: Software agents automatically retrieve the desired state from the source.
  4. Continuously Reconciled: Agents monitor the system and ensure that the actual state matches the desired state.

• Expert Opinions: Professionals in the field emphasize that GitOps enhances quality, streamlines deployment processes, and is particularly suited for managing Kubernetes clusters.

• Events: OpenGitOps hosts various events and conferences to promote education and community involvement in GitOps practices.

Overall, OpenGitOps aims to standardize the use of GitOps in organizations, making it easier to adopt and implement this approach effectively.

Recent efforts to create foundation models for knowledge graphs (KGs) face a major challenge: the data for KGs is limited. Many KGs are made by humans or use older techniques, while automatically generated KGs often lack quality. To address this issue, we introduce KGGen, a tool that generates high-quality KGs from plain text using language models. KGGen groups related entities to improve the quality of the KGs it creates. It is available as a Python library (installable via pip install kg-gen), making it easy for anyone to use. Additionally, we provide a new benchmark called MINE, which evaluates how well an extractor can create useful KGs from text. Our tests show that KGGen performs significantly better than existing tools.

In a 2004 university lecture, a professor demonstrates the concept of cold-blooded animals by showing a baby painted turtle that can survive being frozen. As the turtle slowly comes to life during the class, the students learn that cold-blooded animals adapt their metabolism to their surroundings, unlike warm-blooded animals that need a stable body temperature.

The professor compares this to software projects. Warm-blooded projects thrive on constant activity but can fail if left inactive for too long. In contrast, cold-blooded projects, like the turtle, can be paused for extended periods and still function later. These projects use stable technology and avoid dependencies on changing external services.

The author shares that their own blog software is a cold-blooded project, relying on simple, self-contained technology that has continued to work for over a decade without needing significant changes.

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The text discusses the improvements made to the KDE onboarding documentation by a contributor who has been involved with KDE since 2021. Here’s a simplified summary of the key points:

1. Background: The author began using KDE software in 2015 and gradually became more involved, contributing to user support, wikis, translations, and eventually documentation.

2. KDE Contribution Journey: They transitioned from using KDE software to actively contributing to its development and documentation, becoming a contractor for KDE in late 2023. Their work has focused on improving the documentation for beginners.

3. Documentation Improvements: Significant updates have been made to various tutorials, including:

   • Kirigami Tutorial: Updated to ensure it builds and runs correctly, with functional examples and full source code.
   • KXmlGui: Made fully functional with updated links and examples.
   • KDE Software Building: Comprehensive guides on using kde-builder and troubleshooting.
   • Python and Rust Tutorials: Both have been improved to include packaging instructions with Flatpak.

4. Goals Achieved: The improvements have ensured that beginner documentation is now functional, accessible, and appealing to developers using Python and Rust. Future efforts will focus on intermediate content and fixing the Plasma widgets tutorial.

5. Looking Ahead: The author plans to work on enhancing documentation related to branding for companies and improving API documentation, aiming for a brighter future for KDE onboarding.

Overall, KDE onboarding documentation has seen substantial improvements, making it more user-friendly and comprehensive for new developers.

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In 2025, the excitement around artificial intelligence (AI) is facing a reality check. After the launch of ChatGPT in 2022, many believed AI would rapidly improve and transform industries. However, this year has shown that the promised advancements have not materialized as expected. Top AI companies made ambitious claims about generative AI, suggesting it would replace jobs and drive scientific breakthroughs, but many businesses have struggled to implement AI effectively, leading to stalled projects.

The much-anticipated release of OpenAI's GPT-5 did not meet expectations, prompting discussions about whether we are now in a tech bubble similar to past economic failures. Despite the setbacks, there are still significant developments in AI, and researchers are exploring its potential. The hype surrounding large language models (LLMs) needs to be tempered, as they are not a shortcut to solving all problems and do not equate to human-like intelligence.

Research indicates that while AI can enhance certain tasks, it isn’t a quick fix and cannot replace skilled professionals. The market's future remains uncertain, but some companies are finding success despite the challenges. Overall, while there is a need to reset expectations about AI's capabilities, the technology continues to evolve, and its future potential is still being explored.

In a recent blog post, Nik discussed an experiment where someone trained an AI to write blog posts in his style. He found that while the AI-generated content looked decent at first, it often missed the mark and felt off, similar to poorly done AI images. Nik emphasized that he doesn't write his daily blog just to produce content; he does it as a mental exercise, a creative practice, and a commitment to his readers.

He shared insights from writer Ezra Klein, who believes that AI can’t replace the unique connections and insights a writer gains from deeply engaging with material. Nik and Klein both agree that the struggle of writing is valuable and using AI to bypass that process can lead to weaker results.

Overall, Nik is optimistic about AI's impact on writing, suggesting that as more people take shortcuts, quality content will stand out even more. He concludes that the challenges of writing are essential to the creative process, and true value comes from overcoming those challenges.

Summary: Why RSS Matters

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is crucial for the future of the web because it supports open standards that allow users to access content easily and directly from various sources without intermediaries. Many people use RSS without realizing it, as it powers news apps, blogs, and podcasts by delivering content automatically.

Despite its importance, RSS is often overlooked and considered outdated. However, it is more relevant than ever as social media platforms become more restrictive and algorithms dictate what users see. RSS enables a direct relationship between publishers and consumers, giving control back to users.

To strengthen RSS, the following actions are recommended:

1. Protect and Optimize Existing Infrastructure: Ensure that publishing platforms support and optimize RSS feeds for better accessibility and performance.
2. Build Better RSS-Powered Apps: Develop applications that enhance content curation and collaboration, allowing users to create and share their own news sources.
3. Create a Social Feed Ecosystem: Integrate RSS with emerging social protocols to facilitate a decentralized, interoperable online environment.

Ultimately, by understanding and investing in RSS, we can maintain an open internet where publishers retain control over their content, and readers can choose what they want to see, free from algorithmic influence.

The author argues that comments in code should explain both "what" the code does and "why" it does it. While many believe that comments should only clarify the reasoning behind the code, the author feels that explaining "what" is also important for clarity.

Using unclear variable names (like w, r, and p) can lead to confusion later when those variables are used, making it necessary to refer back to the code to understand them. Good comments can help avoid these frustrating context switches.

The author also discusses the drawbacks of relying solely on commit messages for explaining "why" certain parts of the code exist, suggesting that this can make it harder to find relevant information later on.

Lastly, the author acknowledges that sometimes, breaking down code into smaller methods can create unnecessary complexity. In certain cases, writing comments can provide clearer context without requiring the reader to jump between methods. Therefore, comments explaining "what" should not be dismissed outright.

Summary of mytorch:

mytorch is a Python library that offers automatic differentiation (autograd) similar to PyTorch, using NumPy for calculations. It allows users to compute derivatives for both single values and arrays (non-scalars) and supports high-order derivatives easily.

Key features:

• Extensible: Can be expanded to include more functionalities like neural network components and GPU support.
• High Derivative Support: Both first and higher-order derivatives can be calculated without special settings, unlike PyTorch.
• Simple Usage: Users can create tensors, define operations, and compute gradients with straightforward commands.

Example Usage:

1. Scalar Example:

   • Define two tensors a and b.
   • Compute a function c involving a and b.
   • Calculate first (∂c/∂a, ∂c/∂b) and second derivatives (∂²c/∂a², ∂²c/∂b²).

2. Non-scalar Example:

   • Define a matrix a and a vector b.
   • Use broadcasting to compute c.
   • Calculate gradients with respect to a and b.

The output showcases the values of tensors and their gradients, demonstrating the library's functionality.

The text discusses a project called "corroded," which provides utilities for Rust developers. The Rust compiler has strict rules about memory management that can be cumbersome, like not allowing two pointers to the same data. The project aims to simplify Rust coding by offering utilities that bypass these restrictions.

Key points include:

1. Compiler Limitations: The Rust compiler enforces strict rules about pointer usage and memory safety, which some developers find restrictive.

2. Utilities Offered: The project includes various tools that allow for unsafe practices, such as:

   • Null Pointers: Allowing null pointers for flexibility.
   • Type Conversion: Using yeet() to reinterpret data types.
   • Lifetime Management: immortalize() gives pointers an indefinite lifetime, even if the original data is gone.
   • Multiple Mutations: clone_mut() allows multiple mutable references to the same data.
   • Memory Access: Accessing freed memory and unchecked array indices with types like CorrodedVec.
   • Uninitialized Memory: Returning random bits as uninitialized values.
   • Concurrency: RacyCell allows simultaneous read/write access across threads without synchronization.

3. Global State Management: GlobalCell allows mutable global state without the usual complexities of synchronization.

4. Caution for Users: The text warns that the code may appear unsafe and could be confusing for those unfamiliar with advanced Rust. It emphasizes that these patterns are endorsed by the Rust community and can improve performance.

5. License: The project is licensed under GPL-2.0.

Overall, "corroded" aims to provide a more flexible coding experience in Rust by enabling practices that the standard compiler restricts.

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In 2025, the most popular bloggers on Hacker News were:

1. Simon Willison - For the third consecutive year, Simon topped the list. He stands out for writing about AI tools as a user, not a salesperson, and he published over 1,000 posts in 2025. His ability to distill ideas from social media into insightful commentary has made him highly valued.

2. Jeff Geerling - Jeff had his best year yet, ranking second with a close competition for points. He is a successful YouTuber who effectively complements his videos with thoughtful blog posts, covering topics like Raspberry Pi and self-hosted software.

3. Sean Goedecke - Sean emerged as a strong blogger after his post on project shipping gained popularity. He writes frequently and explains complex tech topics, especially company politics, clearly for engineers.

4. Brian Krebs - An investigative journalist focused on cybercrime, Brian has been a top blogger for many years. His notable post in 2025 discussed the Trump administration's impact on free speech, though it was later moderated off the site.

5. Neal Agarwal - Neal creates interactive art and visual essays, with all his posts in 2025 reaching the front page, achieving great success.

Other highlights include John Gruber returning to the top 10 after several years, and Mahad Kalam and Byran Huang making significant impacts with single, highly upvoted posts.

Take One Small Step - Summary

To achieve a goal, start by identifying a small, manageable first step. Instead of thinking of larger actions, break your goal down into the tiniest steps possible. For instance, if your goal is to walk 30 minutes a day, instead of planning to walk tomorrow, consider putting your walking shoes by the door.

The reason for focusing on small steps is that large goals can create stress, triggering a "fight or flight" response that leads to avoidance behaviors. Small steps, however, help you bypass this fear and encourage action without overwhelming you.

To implement this strategy:

1. Ask yourself what the next tiny step is.
2. Visualize yourself successfully completing the activity.
3. Take immediate small actions, like placing your shoes by the door.
4. Address small problems that may prevent you from progressing.
5. Celebrate small achievements to stay motivated.

Remember that consistent small steps can lead to significant progress over time. So, commit to taking one small step right now and continue doing so regularly. You'll be surprised by how far you can go.

Summary of Quake Brutalist Jam III

Quake Brutalist Jam III is a large community project that took over a year to complete. It introduces new weapons, monsters, power-ups, and a complete visual update for the game Quake. The community contributed an impressive 77 maps, showcasing a brutalist aesthetic.

The project started in winter 2024, and after a private development phase, it was shared with the community in October 2025. Players explored its features and created maps for the mod over the following weeks.

Installation Instructions:

• For the mod, download Quake from Steam or GOG, set up the Ironwail source port, and follow specific extraction steps to get it running.
• For standalone use, simply extract and launch QBJ3.exe.

Engine Compatibility: The mod works best with Ironwail version 0.8.1 or higher. Other engines may cause issues.

Acknowledgments: Thanks to all contributors, from developers to map creators, who made this project a reality. Enjoy the new worlds crafted by the community!

Summary of whoami.filippo.io

This is an SSH server called whoami.filippo.io that identifies users when they connect. You can try it safely by running ssh whoami.filippo.io.

How It Works:

• When you connect, the server collects all your public keys and checks each one until it finds an accepted key.
• It uses a database of public keys from GitHub, created by Ben Cox, to identify your username and fetch your real name.
• After gathering this information, it closes the connection.

Stopping It: If you want to prevent it from accessing your public keys, you can change your SSH configuration. Add the following lines to your ~/.ssh/config file:

Host *
    PubkeyAuthentication no
    IdentitiesOnly yes

Then, specify which keys to use for specific hosts, like this:

Host example.com
    PubkeyAuthentication yes
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Host github.com
    PubkeyAuthentication yes
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa

This way, you can manage your keys and prevent them from being linked together.

No summary available.

The text discusses a proposed change to the Redis project on GitHub, where a contributor named "antirez" wants to replace a C++ library called fast_float with a simpler C implementation.

Key points include:

1. Reason for Change: The current fast_float library requires C++ to build Redis, which complicates the build process, especially on systems that may not have C++ tools installed. The goal is to make building Redis easier.

2. Implementation Details: The new C implementation is much smaller (about 260 lines) compared to the original C++ version (around 3,800 lines). It uses a specific algorithm for most common cases and has a backup method for more complex scenarios to ensure accurate results.

3. Testing: The new code has been thoroughly tested against both the old C++ implementation and the standard strtod function, covering over 10,000 test cases, including edge cases.

Overall, this change aims to simplify Redis's build process by removing the dependency on C++.

Summary of BrainKernel: The Context-Aware Process Manager

BrainKernel is a new type of process manager that uses an AI to analyze running processes on your computer. Unlike traditional task managers, it not only shows CPU usage but also examines the context of each process to decide if it should be kept running or terminated.

Key Features:

• Diplomatic Immunity: Protects essential applications like browsers and IDEs from being killed, even if they use a lot of CPU.
• Stealth Mode: Hides API traffic to work smoothly with cloud services.
• Efficient Monitoring: Can track over 300 processes with minimal CPU usage.

Functionalities:

• Cloud & Local Support: Works with Groq for cloud use or Ollama for local setups.
• Context Awareness: Identifies if a high CPU usage is due to a video call (ignore) or unwanted software (kill).
• Roast Mode: Critiques processes before terminating them.
• Hall of Shame: Keeps a record of poorly performing processes and their roasts.
• Focus Mode: Allows users to select a main application and suspends distractions using excessive CPU.

Quick Start Guide:

1. Install necessary dependencies.
2. Run the BrainKernel program.
3. Obtain and enter a free API key from Groq.

Controls:

• k: Enter your API key.
• n: Analyze and roast high CPU processes.
• p: Protect a selected process.
• x: Automatically kill a specific process in the future.
• s: View the Hall of Shame.
• f: Set a main focus application.

Safety Measures:

• Protects important apps from accidental termination.
• Checks process creation times to avoid killing recently recycled IDs.
• Avoids repetitive alerts about the same process.

Community Roadmap:

• Features suggested by users include a defense feature for processes and more aggressive focus modes.

BrainKernel is built with Python and uses advanced AI technology to enhance process management on your device.

We explore how large language models (LLMs) can work with very long prompts by introducing a method called Recursive Language Models (RLMs). This approach lets the model treat long prompts as external information, allowing it to break down and analyze the prompts in parts. Our findings show that RLMs can effectively manage inputs that are much longer than what typical models can handle. They also significantly improve the quality of responses for shorter prompts compared to standard LLMs and other techniques for long contexts, while keeping the cost per query similar or lower.

The review discusses Morten Høi Jensen's book, "The Master of Contradictions," which examines Thomas Mann's creation of his novel "The Magic Mountain." Mann, who described the book as complex and "highly problematical," expressed doubt about its appeal, yet it became a celebrated work of literary modernism in Europe and America.

The novel follows Hans Castorp, who visits a tuberculosis sanatorium and ends up staying for seven years. The story evolved over many years, influenced by the political and moral shifts during World War I. Mann's changing views are reflected in the novel's characters, Lodovico Settembrini and Leo Naphta, who represent opposing ideologies.

Jensen offers an accessible overview of Mann's contradictions, such as being a businessman-like artist and a homosexual in a traditional marriage. While he occasionally challenges other interpretations of Mann's personal life, his focus remains on contextualizing the novel and its era rather than delving into deeper analyses.

Overall, Jensen's book is a confident summary that highlights the significance of "The Magic Mountain" as a profound exploration of the human condition, as well as its place in literary history.

The article discusses the delayed porting of the CP/M operating system to the Intel 8086 processor and how this affected Digital Research, Inc. (DRI) and the rise of MS-DOS as the standard for 16-bit business computers.

Key points include:

1. Timeline and Delays: DRI's CP/M was already successful for 8-bit computers, but the transition to the 16-bit 8086 was delayed due to the company's focus on developing a high-level programming language (PL/I), which took longer than expected.

2. Impact of Success: The popularity of CP/M 2.2 meant that DRI's resources were spread thin as they assisted manufacturers in adapting the software to their hardware, further delaying the CP/M-86 release.

3. The Competition: While DRI was busy, Microsoft developed 86-DOS, a quick operating system similar to CP/M, which became the basis for MS-DOS. This was crucial for IBM's PC, which ultimately chose MS-DOS over CP/M-86.

4. Market Changes: When CP/M-86 finally launched in early 1981, it initially captured some market share but was quickly overshadowed by MS-DOS, which was priced lower and became the dominant operating system.

5. Aftermath: DRI's revenues grew initially but dropped as MS-DOS took over the market. DRI eventually faced layoffs and was acquired by Novell in 1991.

6. Hypothetical Outcomes: Some analysts speculate that if CP/M-86 had been released on time, it could have changed the dynamics of the market and prevented the rise of 86-DOS. However, others believe that Microsoft would still have found a way to succeed.

In summary, the delays in CP/M-86's development were significant in shaping the early personal computer market, leading to the dominance of MS-DOS.

No summary available.

BookFinder is a tool that helps you search for new and used books, including textbooks, from over 100,000 booksellers around the world. You can compare prices for different conditions, such as new or used, and find the best deals. The platform also allows you to check prices for textbook buybacks, ensuring you get the best offer when selling your books. Whether you want an affordable read or a rare collectible, BookFinder is designed to help you find it easily.

Summary of POSSE (Publish on your Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere)

POSSE is a strategy for content creators where they first publish their content on their own website and then share it on other platforms (like social media) with links back to the original post. This method emphasizes maintaining control over your content and relationships with your audience.

Key Points:

1. Purpose: POSSE allows friends to access your content on their preferred platforms while keeping the original content on your site.

2. Advantages:

   • Control: You own your content and its links, reducing reliance on third-party platforms.
   • Visibility: Original posts can be better discovered and ranked by search engines, as copies link back to them.
   • Engagement: It encourages interaction with your content, even from copies posted elsewhere.

3. Implementation:

   • Content should be posted to your site first, then shared on selected platforms with links back to the original.
   • Various tools and services can help automate this process for different social media sites.

4. Comparison with Other Models:

   • COPE (Create Once, Publish Everywhere) lacks a central original post, which can fragment audiences.
   • PESOS (Post on a third-party first, then share on your site) does the opposite of POSSE, making it harder to identify original content.

5. Technical Considerations:

   • Developers can implement POSSE through various programming tools and libraries.
   • Best practices include linking back to the original post and managing updates or deletes across platforms.

POSSE is a core concept of the IndieWeb movement, aiming to empower users to own their content and maintain direct connections with their audience, rather than relying solely on social media platforms.