The author has created an image-to-ASCII renderer that converts images into ASCII art, focusing on achieving sharp edges and clear character representation. The renderer can handle both animated and static images, enhancing the contrast between different colors for better visual separation.

Key points include:

1. Sharp Edges: The author emphasizes the importance of sharp edges in ASCII rendering, contrasting it with other examples that produce blurry edges when ASCII characters are treated like pixels.

2. Image Conversion Basics: ASCII art uses a grid where each cell holds a single character. The process involves calculating lightness values from the original image to determine which ASCII character to use.

3. Avoiding Blurriness: Traditional methods often lead to jagged edges due to nearest-neighbor downsampling. The author introduces supersampling to average multiple samples for smoother edges but notes that it can still appear blurry.

4. Utilizing Character Shape: The author proposes using the inherent shapes of ASCII characters to improve rendering quality. By quantifying character shapes with sampling vectors, the renderer can select characters that better fit the contours of the images.

5. Contrast Enhancement: Techniques are introduced to enhance contrast at edges, making transitions sharper and improving overall readability. This includes both global and directional contrast enhancements.

6. Performance Optimization: The author discusses optimizing the rendering process for speed, including caching techniques and leveraging GPU acceleration for sampling and processing.

In summary, the project's goal is to create high-quality, visually appealing ASCII art by considering character shape and contrast, while also ensuring efficient performance for real-time rendering.

No summary available.

Summary:

• Technical Consultancy:

  • Senior Developer Advocate: A team member who actively contributes to improve effectiveness and clarity in engineering.
  • Technical Advisor: Provides peer assessments to minimize risks in architecture and product decisions.

• Product & Delivery: Focus on delivering functional software to users quickly, using real evidence to guide improvements instead of assumptions.

• Custom Software Development: Offers high-quality, maintainable software solutions that enhance your team’s capabilities in the long run.

• Recent Articles: Topics include the evolving role of Developer Advocates, respecting developers, the importance of developer advice, and effective technical practices.

• Explore More: Includes a fintech-themed telenovela and highlights of software development heroes.

The word "hello" has a history that dates back over 600 years, with its first print appearance in 1826 in a Connecticut newspaper. While commonly used today in various contexts, its origins are debated; it may come from Old High German "halâ" or the hunting call "halloo." The pronunciation and variations of "hello" can indicate a person's age, nationality, or mood.

Different cultures have their unique greetings that reflect social norms, with some languages using greetings that also mean goodbye. For example, "aloha" in Hawaiian expresses affection, while "ciao" in Italian can mean both "hi" and "bye."

In the digital age, technology has transformed how we greet each other. Texting and social media have led to new forms of "hello," such as emojis and creative spellings, while traditional greetings may be skipped altogether. Despite these changes, the essence of greetings remains the same: an acknowledgment of presence and a request for recognition.

No summary available.

Langfuse has been acquired by ClickHouse, but the key goals for Langfuse remain unchanged. The platform will continue to be open source and self-hostable, with no immediate changes for users. However, with ClickHouse's support, Langfuse can improve performance and reliability faster.

What remains the same:

• Langfuse stays open source and self-hostable, with no changes to licensing.
• Langfuse Cloud will operate as usual, maintaining the same product and support channels.

What improves:

• Enhanced performance and reliability due to collaboration with ClickHouse's engineering team.
• Faster advancements in compliance and security.
• Access to ClickHouse's customer support knowledge to better serve users.

Langfuse's history includes building a product to solve challenges in deploying LLM applications. They switched to ClickHouse for better scaling as user demand grew. The Langfuse team will continue to work on the platform under ClickHouse, focusing on improving monitoring, workflows, performance, and user experience.

In summary, Langfuse users can expect continued support and improvements without changes to the current product or licensing. The acquisition aims to enhance the platform and better serve the community.

No summary available.

No summary available.

On September 16, 1979, two families successfully escaped from East Germany to West Germany using a homemade hot air balloon. The escape involved over a year of preparation, including building and testing three different balloons after a failed first attempt alerted authorities.

The families, led by Peter Strelzyk and Günter Wetzel, faced many challenges, including sourcing materials for the balloon and modifying their designs to achieve lift. Their first escape attempt in July 1979 ended prematurely, landing just short of the border. Realizing they needed to act quickly after being pursued by East German authorities, they built a larger balloon for a second attempt.

On the successful night of their escape, they launched the balloon and flew for about 28 minutes, reaching altitudes of up to 2,500 meters. They managed to avoid detection and landed safely in West Germany, although one participant sustained a minor injury.

After their escape, East Germany tightened border security and arrested some family members of the escapees to deter others from attempting to flee. The Strelzyks eventually moved to Switzerland due to pressure from the Stasi, while the Wetzels stayed in Bavaria. Their story has been depicted in films, and the balloon is now on display in a museum.

No summary available.

On January 12, 2026, the Detroit Red Wings will retire Sergei Fedorov's iconic No. 91 jersey during the franchise's centennial celebration. Fedorov, a key player in the team's history, escaped the Soviet Union on July 23, 1990, at the age of 20, to start his NHL career in Detroit.

His escape involved careful planning and the help of individuals like Jim Lites, who orchestrated the defection. Fedorov faced challenges and fears about leaving his family behind but ultimately decided to pursue his dream of playing in the NHL. His journey, along with other Russian players, significantly influenced American hockey and contributed to the success of the Red Wings.

The story of Fedorov's escape is detailed in Keith Gave's book "The Russian Five," which also inspired a documentary. The Red Wings’ plans to honor Fedorov reflect his lasting impact on the team and the sport.

Cloudflare has acquired a company called Astro to improve web development. This move aims to speed up the creation of high-performance websites. The acquisition is part of Cloudflare's strategy to enhance its services and support developers in building better web applications.

Italy has started two investigations into Microsoft’s Activision Blizzard, claiming the company uses “misleading and aggressive” sales tactics in its popular mobile games, Diablo Immortal and Call of Duty Mobile. The investigations by the competition regulator, AGCM, focus on how these games encourage long play sessions and in-game purchases, especially among children.

The AGCM points out that while the games are advertised as free-to-play, they include in-game purchases that can lead players, including minors, to spend more money than intended. For instance, Diablo Immortal allows players to buy items and currency for up to $200.

Additionally, the AGCM is examining the games' parental control settings, which may allow minors to make purchases and play for extended periods without limits. There are also concerns about privacy, as the games seem to prompt users to agree to all consent options regarding their personal data. The AGCM believes these practices could violate consumer protection rules, particularly in an area sensitive to gaming addiction. Activision Blizzard has not yet responded to these allegations.

In October 2020, a hacker accessed the personal therapy records of 33,000 patients from Vastaamo, a Finnish mental health service, and demanded ransom payments to keep the information private. Tiina Parikka, a victim, received an email threatening to publish her most intimate therapy notes if she didn't pay €200 in Bitcoin. The breach affected many vulnerable individuals, including children, and led to increased anxiety, trauma, and even suicides among victims.

The hacker, later identified as Aleksanteri Kivimäki, had a history of cybercrime, being notorious for his past hacks and extortion attempts. Poor security measures at Vastaamo allowed the hacker to easily access sensitive patient data. Kivimäki initially demanded a ransom which was not paid, leading him to release patient records online. This incident raised significant concerns about privacy and the security of personal information in the digital age.

Kivimäki was eventually arrested and found guilty of numerous charges, including aggravated invasion of privacy, receiving a sentence of six years and three months in prison. While some victims felt anger towards him, many were also frustrated with Vastaamo's CEO for failing to protect patient data. The broader implications of this breach highlight the ongoing risks of digital privacy in a world increasingly reliant on technology for personal and health-related services.

The text refers to a discussion about "Scaling long-running autonomous coding," which seems to be a topic of interest on a forum where people have shared their thoughts and opinions. The link provided leads to more information on the topic, and it appears to have generated a lot of engagement, with 174 comments from users.

The text discusses the importance of low-level programming in improving the software industry. The Handmade community believes that low-level programming is essential for creating better software, as modern applications are often slow and inefficient.

The author uses the example of "Truckla," a modified Tesla Model 3 turned pickup truck, to illustrate how starting with the wrong foundation (or tech stack) can lead to poor results, similar to how New Reddit struggles with performance due to its architecture compared to Old Reddit.

The author argues that many developers rely too heavily on high-level frameworks like React and Redux, which can complicate software performance. They emphasize that choosing a better tech stack can lead to more responsive applications, drawing attention to the lack of innovative low-level options currently available.

The text also highlights that low-level programming is often perceived as difficult and frustrating, but it does not have to be. The author believes that better tools and resources can make low-level programming more accessible and effective, leading to a new kind of high-level programming built on solid foundations.

Ultimately, the goal is for programmers to leverage low-level knowledge to create innovative tools and platforms that enhance software quality and performance. The Handmade community can play a crucial role in this transformation by bridging the gap between low-level and high-level programming.

Summary: Architecture for Disposable Systems

As software development evolves, a new trend is emerging: disposable software. This is code that is quickly generated, used, and discarded, rather than maintained over time. Traditionally, software was built to last, requiring significant upfront investment and ongoing maintenance. However, with advancements in coding agents that can create functional software in minutes, the need for long-term maintenance is diminishing.

This shift leads to "vibe coding," where developers create quick solutions without worrying about perfecting the code. Instead of focusing on cleaning up technical debt, the emphasis is on generating what is needed at the moment.

To adapt to this new disposable software landscape, a three-layer architecture is proposed:

1. The Core (Durable): This is the stable foundation of the system containing essential business logic and data models. It is designed to last.

2. The Connectors (APIs): These are the interfaces that allow different parts of the system to communicate. They must be perfect to enable swapping out disposable components without issues.

3. The Disposable Layer: This includes quickly generated code and components that can be replaced as needed. The focus here is on functionality rather than perfection.

A key principle of this architecture is "contract-first design," where developers create strict API contracts that guide the disposable components. This allows for flexibility in the disposable layer while maintaining a stable core.

In summary, as coding technology improves, the future of software will likely involve more disposable elements. Systems that can effectively integrate durable foundations with flexible, disposable components will be better positioned for success in this evolving landscape. The main challenge is ensuring that the architecture is ready for this shift.

Microsoft's recent January Patch Tuesday update has caused some Windows 11 PCs to malfunction, preventing them from shutting down or entering hibernation. This issue is linked to a feature called Secure Launch, which is meant to enhance security during the boot process. Affected users find their computers remain powered on despite attempts to shut them down.

To force a shutdown, Microsoft suggests using the command "shutdown /s /t 0" in the command prompt. The company has advised users to save their work and shut down their devices to avoid battery drain, but they have not provided details on how many devices are affected or when a fix will be available.

Additionally, there are reports of another issue where Outlook can freeze after the update. Overall, while updates are important for security, this batch has introduced several frustrating problems for users who expect their systems to function normally.

Let’s Encrypt has announced the availability of short-lived certificates, which are valid for 160 hours (about six days). These certificates enhance security by requiring more frequent validation and reducing risks associated with revocation. If a certificate's private key is compromised, traditional revocation can leave users vulnerable for long periods, but short-lived certificates minimize this risk.

Subscribers can opt for short-lived certificates by choosing the 'shortlived' profile in their ACME client. While these certificates are not set as the default option currently, those with automated renewal processes can switch to them easily. Let’s Encrypt plans to reduce the default certificate lifetime from 90 days to 45 days in the coming years.

Additionally, Let’s Encrypt now offers IP address certificates, which allow authentication for TLS connections to IP addresses rather than domain names. These must be short-lived due to the transient nature of IP addresses.

Thanks to the Open Technology Fund, Sovereign Tech Agency, and other sponsors for supporting this development.

The FLUX.2 [klein] model family has been released, featuring the fastest image generation models available. These models combine image generation and editing in one compact design, achieving high-quality results with real-time performance—able to generate or edit images in under half a second. They are designed to work on consumer hardware with as little as 13GB of VRAM.

Key features include:

• Sub-second inference: Quick image generation and editing.
• High-quality outputs: Photorealistic images with diverse results.
• Unified capabilities: Supports text-to-image, image editing, and multi-reference generation in one model.
• Accessibility: The models can run on common GPUs and are available for free with open weights for customization.

The FLUX.2 [klein] family consists of:

• FLUX.2 [klein] 9B: A flagship model that excels in quality and speed.
• FLUX.2 [klein] 4B: An accessible model suitable for local development.
• Base Models: Full-capacity models for advanced research and customization.

Additionally, optimized quantized versions are available for faster performance and reduced memory use. FLUX.2 [klein] represents a significant advancement towards interactive visual intelligence, enabling new applications in real-time design and content creation.

The text discusses the challenges and misconceptions surrounding the use of formal verification in AI, particularly in the context of program synthesis. Here are the key points:

1. Formal Verification Misconceptions: There's a belief that formal verification guarantees flawless code, but the authors argue that formal code can also be poorly constructed, leading to significant implications for AI development.

2. Complexity of Proofs: Unlike traditional programming where mistakes can be fixed more easily, fixing errors in formal proofs is much more complicated and often suggests deeper issues with the goals of the proof.

3. Implementation Challenges: When modeling systems for proof, decisions must be made based on the limitations of the theorem prover. This can make it difficult to create proofs that are straightforward and maintainable.

4. Semantic Gaps: Ensuring that the software being verified has the same meaning in the theorem prover as in its original form is challenging. This can lead to proofs that don’t truly reflect the original code’s behavior.

5. Potential Flaws in Proofs: There are risks that the proofs may not truly verify what we think they do. Misdefining concepts or re-implementing code can lead to trivial or incorrect proofs.

6. Axiomatic Issues: AI might adopt axioms that conflict with specific requirements, which can lead to proofs that are not useful for practical applications.

7. Backdoors and Trust: The reliance on user expertise is crucial, as AI-generated proofs can exploit vulnerabilities in the theorem proving systems.

8. Proofs of Falsehood: There are instances where proofs can derive false claims, raising concerns about the security of AI systems using these proofs.

9. Caution in Formal Verification: The authors caution against assuming that formal verification is infallible, emphasizing that even formally verified software can have bugs.

10. Future Work: Despite the challenges, the authors are working on improving secure program synthesis and formal methods to enhance AI security.

In conclusion, while formal verification holds promise for AI safety, it is not a foolproof solution and must be approached with caution and expertise.

No summary available.

A new report from the Brookings Institution highlights that the risks of using generative AI in schools currently outweigh its benefits. The study, which involved input from students, parents, teachers, and tech experts across 50 countries, found that AI could harm children's cognitive and emotional development. It can lead to a reliance on technology for answers, which may decrease critical thinking skills and creativity.

While there are some advantages, like aiding language learning and helping teachers with administrative tasks, the report warns that AI can negatively impact students' ability to form relationships and handle setbacks. It also risks increasing educational inequalities, as wealthier schools may afford better AI tools.

Key recommendations include focusing education on curiosity rather than grades, designing AI that challenges students' thinking, and ensuring that all schools have access to quality AI resources. The report stresses the need for regulations to protect students as AI continues to be integrated into education.

This text discusses the challenges and solutions related to generating structured outputs (like JSON or XML) using Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs can produce valid outputs, they sometimes fail due to their probabilistic nature, which is a concern for developers using them for tasks like data extraction and code generation.

The text highlights the need for reliable structured outputs to realize the full potential of LLMs for automation. It introduces a handbook aimed at developers that covers various aspects, including:

• Understanding how LLMs work.
• Identifying the best tools and techniques.
• Tips for building, deploying, and scaling systems.
• Ways to optimize performance and cost.
• Improving output quality.

The handbook is designed to be a comprehensive and regularly updated resource, addressing the rapidly evolving field of structured generation. It can be read in full or used as a reference. The authors are involved with Nanonets-OCR models and an open-source document processing library. They also offer a newsletter for updates from the LLM developer community.

A developer has created an iOS app called Microwave, which allows users to browse and post short videos like TikTok. However, it operates as a client on the Bluesky/AT Protocol without a custom backend, using existing infrastructure instead. The aim is to see if a TikTok-like experience is possible using an open social protocol rather than a closed platform.

The developer is seeking feedback on several points:

• The user experience (UX) of using the app with ATproto.
• Trade-offs of a client-only approach, like ranking, discovery, and moderation.
• Any potential limitations of the protocol that may have been overlooked.
• Any architectural concerns or issues.

For those interested, the app is available for testing via TestFlight.

Summary of "Drone Hacking Part 1: Dumping Firmware and Bruteforcing ECC"

In July 2025, the Neodyme team conducted security research on various IoT devices, including the Potensic Atom 2 drone, which features a 4K camera and connects to a smartphone app. The aim was to analyze the drone’s firmware and identify vulnerabilities.

Key Points:

1. Firmware Importance: Firmware is crucial for understanding and hacking a device. It can sometimes be downloaded from the manufacturer's website, but often it is encrypted or requires specific serial numbers.

2. Methods of Access:

   • Less invasive methods like using debug interfaces (JTAG, UART) are often unavailable.
   • Soldering off the NAND chip to dump its firmware is a common but risky method, especially if the data is encrypted.

3. NAND Chip Dumping Process:

   • Identify the NAND chip on the drone's mainboard.
   • Carefully remove the chip, which can be secured with epoxy.
   • Determine the chip's communication protocol (in this case, SPI).

4. Reading the NAND Chip:

   • Although specialized equipment is available for dumping NAND chips, the team faced challenges with compatibility and speed. They developed a custom script using an ESP32 to read the data, resulting in a 544 MiB firmware dump.

5. Initial Findings: The dump contained recognizable data, including copyright information and UBI filesystem images, which are likely to hold valuable files for further analysis.

This post is part of a two-part series, with the next part expected to delve deeper into the vulnerabilities found in the drone's firmware and app.

The AV1 Image File Format has been updated to version 1.2.0, which now includes support for sample transforms. This allows files to maintain compatibility with older systems while also offering higher quality images with up to 16-bit precision using newer software.

Key improvements in this version include:

• Support for Sample Transforms: Enables the use of higher bit depths, improving image quality and flexibility in capturing high-fidelity images.
• Backward Compatibility: Files can still be decoded with older software at up to 12-bit precision, while also allowing full 16-bit images with new tools.
• File Size Efficiency: Encoding images can result in smaller file sizes without loss of quality—up to 10% smaller compared to original 16-bit PNGs.
• Clarity and Compliance: The update strengthens guidelines for developers, ensuring that files meet current standards, including those for HDR images.

The new version encourages developers to experiment with sample transforms and provides resources for feedback and contributions on GitHub.

Mandiant has released a dataset of rainbow tables for the outdated Net-NTLMv1 authentication protocol, emphasizing the need for organizations to stop using it due to its well-known security vulnerabilities. Despite being recognized as insecure for over 20 years, many organizations still use Net-NTLMv1, making them susceptible to easy credential theft.

The release of these rainbow tables simplifies the process for security professionals to demonstrate the protocol's weaknesses, allowing them to recover keys quickly using affordable hardware. This initiative combines Mandiant's expertise with Google Cloud's resources to combat related security threats.

Net-NTLMv1 has vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to recover password hashes, often leading to privilege escalation within networks. Mandiant provides guidance on how to disable Net-NTLMv1 and suggests monitoring for its use to enhance security.

Organizations are urged to implement security policies that restrict authentication to more secure protocols, specifically NTLMv2, to protect against potential attacks.

The text suggests that there is not much protection ("moat") for software products because large companies can quickly replicate them.

Summary of Post-PARA: What Survived 4 Years of Real Use

The author reflects on their experience using the PARA system for organization over four years. Initially, they found it helpful for managing work tasks but later realized it could also benefit their personal life. Their goals included keeping track of recurring tasks, connecting notes to tasks, and structuring complex projects.

Key Additions to PARA:

• Tasks Database: A system to manage tasks linked to projects and areas, designed to take 5-20 minutes.
• Recurrent Tasks: Automatically generated tasks, used sparingly to avoid overload.
• Inbox Status: A quick capture point for new tasks to process later.
• Time-Delayed Activation: Tasks appear when they are relevant.

Reasons for Using Notion: Notion’s structure allows for a relational database, making it easy to link and manage tasks effectively.

What Changed Over 4 Years:

• Abandoned Over-Automation: Relying on AI for task management reduced the author's trust in the system.
• Reduced Recurrent Tasks: Too many automatic tasks led to an overwhelming number after vacations.
• Simplified Task Structures: Simplicity proved to be more effective than complexity.

What Was Kept:

• Area/Project Distinction: Understanding the difference between ongoing life areas and time-limited projects was crucial.
• Actionable Tasks: Clear, specific tasks reduced resistance to completing them.
• Inbox as Entry Point: Quickly capturing tasks without immediate details was beneficial.

Lessons Learned:

• Taking breaks from the system is healthy, and it should serve the user’s needs.
• There is no perfect system; continuous adjustment is necessary.
• Building structure is easy, but integrating it into daily life is challenging.

Advice:

• Don’t copy the system as-is; identify your specific pain points and create a minimum viable system to address them. Adapt it based on your experience over time.

No summary available.

The author was at Bombay airport where someone was loudly watching videos. They felt too shy to ask the person to be quieter, so they created a simple app that plays back the same audio with a 2-second delay. This unexpected solution works to make people stop being loud. The app was initially named "make-it-stop," but after seeing a similar app named STFU by another developer, the author decided to use that name instead. The app was made using the web audio API and is available for others to use. The author invites newcomers to check out their other fun projects.

The text discusses how Claude Code, an AI tool, is used to enhance reading and understanding of non-fiction books by mining excerpts and creating thematic connections between ideas. Instead of merely summarizing, it helps readers dive deeper into subjects.

Key Points:

• Claude Code analyzes a library of 100 non-fiction books to find and connect relevant excerpts based on themes, creating "trails" of ideas.
• The process involves breaking books into manageable chunks of about 500 words, indexing them by topic, and organizing these topics in a hierarchical structure for easier exploration.
• Claude Code performs multiple tasks: it proposes new trail ideas, extracts and orders excerpts, and highlights connections between them.
• The author learned that using Claude Code as a collaborative tool improved efficiency and creativity in the project, allowing for easier revisions and novel insights.
• The tool also employs algorithms to prioritize under-explored topics and maintain novelty in its findings.
• Technical details include using various programming tools and models for parsing books, indexing topics, and managing data efficiently.

Overall, the project illustrates the potential of AI in enriching reading experiences and enabling deeper exploration of complex ideas.

No summary available.

Summary of "The Five Orders of Ignorance" by Phillip G. Armour

In this article, Phillip G. Armour discusses software development as a process of acquiring knowledge rather than just producing a product. He argues that software serves as a medium for storing knowledge, which is more dynamic and flexible than other forms of knowledge storage like DNA, brains, hardware, and books.

Key points include:

1. Knowledge vs. Product: The aim of software development is to embed knowledge within the software, not just to create code. The real challenge lies in understanding what needs to be built.

2. Hacking as Knowledge Acquisition: Hacking demonstrates how knowledge is gained through trial and error. It distinguishes between "knowledge" (what works) and "unknowledge" (what doesn't), with the latter often lingering in the final code, complicating future development.

3. Prototyping: This method acknowledges that the goal is to acquire knowledge rather than to deliver a final product immediately. It allows developers to explore unknowns and refine their understanding of what is needed.

4. Five Orders of Ignorance: Armour outlines five levels of ignorance related to knowledge acquisition:

   • 0th Order Ignorance (0OI): Knowledgeable and can demonstrate it.
   • 1st Order Ignorance (1OI): Aware of what you don't know.
   • 2nd Order Ignorance (2OI): Unaware of what you don't know.
   • 3rd Order Ignorance (3OI): Lack of effective processes to discover unknown unknowns.
   • 4th Order Ignorance (4OI): Unawareness of the existence of the Five Orders of Ignorance.

5. Focus on Reducing Ignorance: The most critical aspect of software development is reducing 2OI and improving processes to handle 3OI. Effective methodologies can help clarify what developers don't know and guide them toward acquiring necessary knowledge.

In conclusion, Armour emphasizes that successful software development requires a shift in focus from merely writing code to understanding and acquiring knowledge, ultimately reducing ignorance throughout the process.

Summary of install.md Proposal

The text discusses a new standard called install.md, aimed at improving how software installation instructions are written for agents (AI programs). Here are the key points:

1. Purpose: To create a structured format for installation instructions that agents can understand and execute automatically.

2. Need for Standardization: Current software documentation is often designed for humans, which can complicate tasks like installation when using AI agents. A clear, standardized format helps agents perform tasks more efficiently.

3. How it Works: Developers can create an install.md file that provides step-by-step installation instructions. Users can input this file into an AI language model (LLM) to execute the installation autonomously. The instructions are human-readable, allowing users to review them before execution.

4. File Structure: The install.md format includes:

   • A header with the product name.
   • A description of the product.
   • Specific prompts for the LLM to follow.
   • An objective, completion criteria, a checklist of tasks, and detailed instructions.

5. Advantages:

   • For Developers: Simplifies the installation process across different environments and allows for the inclusion of edge case handling without cluttering documentation.
   • For Users: Provides a straightforward way to install software while reviewing each step beforehand.
   • For Agents: Offers a predictable and structured way to find and execute installation instructions.

6. Implementation: Developers can add an install.md file to their project, and if using Mintlify, it will be generated automatically. The standard is open-source, allowing for community contributions.

7. Security Considerations: The instructions are clear and can be reviewed before execution, unlike traditional scripts that might hide malicious actions.

In essence, install.md aims to streamline the installation process for software, making it easier for both developers and users to manage software installations with the help of AI.

In 2025, a project was initiated to update the Nintendo Wii's News Channel to display local news. The process involved several key steps:

1. Understanding the News Channel: The Wii's News Channel, launched in 2007, fetched news from a specific URL. By using a tool called mitmproxy, the original request behavior was analyzed to understand how it retrieved news.

2. Community Support: The WiiLink team provided tools and servers to keep Wii online services functioning after official support ended. They offered an open-source patch that modified the News Channel to fetch news from their server.

3. Patching the News Channel: The project involved modifying the News Channel to replace its original URL with a custom one. This was done using a Go library to manage the necessary WAD files and applying a delta patch to redirect the channel's requests.

4. Generating News Files: To display local news, a new binary file generator called WiiNewsPR was created. It was designed to pull articles from "El Nuevo Día," a local newspaper, and format them for the Wii.

5. Automating Updates: To keep the news current, AWS Lambda was set up to automatically generate and upload new news files every hour, ensuring the Wii's News Channel always had fresh content.

The project successfully allowed users to access local news on their Wii consoles, combining nostalgia with modern technology.

Summary of "Elasticsearch Was Never a Database"

Elasticsearch is primarily a search engine, not a database. It was designed to enhance search capabilities using Apache Lucene, but it is not meant to store data as a primary source of truth. Over time, some teams have tried to use Elasticsearch as their main database, leading to problems.

A database, like Postgres or MySQL, is where applications store their core data and ensure data integrity through transactions. In contrast, Elasticsearch can struggle with consistency, especially when handling related data operations, because it doesn't support transactions across multiple documents.

Schema changes in Elasticsearch can be complex, often requiring a complete reindexing, which poses risks if it is the only data store. Additionally, while Elasticsearch offers powerful search capabilities, it lacks the advanced querying features of traditional databases, like joins.

Reliability is another concern; Elasticsearch does not guarantee that all related data changes will be preserved during failures, unlike traditional databases that ensure complete transaction durability.

Operating Elasticsearch at scale can also be challenging, as it prioritizes flexibility over stability, which can lead to operational risks and increased costs.

In summary, Elasticsearch excels as a search engine but is not suited to be a primary database. For those looking for a solution that combines both database functionality and search, ParadeDB is suggested as a better alternative.

No summary available.

An IETF draft is working to standardize RateLimit headers in HTTP responses. These headers help clients understand when they might be throttled, preventing "429 Too Many Requests" errors. They can be included in successful responses and in error responses to provide more detail.

The draft is generally well-structured but assumes that servers use poor rate limit algorithms that encourage erratic client behavior. It suggests that RateLimit headers can be used with any rate limiting method, and the draft could be revised to focus more on client behavior.

The draft defines two main headers:

1. RateLimit-Policy: This describes the parameters for the server's rate limit algorithm, including the policy name, quota, and time window.
2. RateLimit: This details the specific policies applied to a request and shows how many requests the client can still make (available quota) and how long until the quota resets (effective window).

Clients must adhere to the defined policies by limiting their requests to the specified quota within the given time window.

The article discusses using a linear rate limit algorithm, specifically a variant of the Generic Token Bucket Algorithm (GCRA). This algorithm allows requests based on a timestamp that indicates when the client can make the next request. It can help smooth out client request rates rather than allowing sudden bursts.

Other rate limit algorithms exist, but the article argues that linear rate limiters are more efficient and encourage better client behavior. They help maintain a manageable request rate and can be combined with other methods to achieve smooth request handling.

In summary, the draft aims to create a clear standard for HTTP RateLimit headers that can support various rate limiting strategies while promoting better request behavior from clients.

The author created an introduction to help people with no experience using IBM mainframes, especially those who lack access to a modern IBM mainframe. They welcome tips and suggestions to improve the experience for beginners.

No summary available.

Learn eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) by doing hands-on exercises that allow you to write, compile, and run programs directly in your browser. The content is structured into chapters that cover various topics:

• Introduction: Provides a basic overview of eBPF and the platform.
• Concept Familiarization: Introduces key concepts, including process context, reading event data, tracing system calls, and syscall arrays.
• Stateful eBPF: Focuses on using maps and multiple programs, reading syscall buffers, tracking state across syscalls, and monitoring network connections.
• Kernel Probes: Covers the basics of kernel probing and reading TCP packets.

This structured approach helps you understand and apply eBPF effectively.

No summary available.

No summary available.

Chris, a co-founder of Shimmer, announced the launch of their new app called Indy. This app is designed for people with ADHD, helping them with structured planning, reflection, and self-awareness exercises.

Shimmer was started in 2022 after Chris was diagnosed with adult ADHD. They have since developed various support tools, including coaching and web resources. Through their work, they found that the main challenge for people with ADHD isn't knowing what to do, but actually doing it consistently, especially when motivation and attention fluctuate.

Indy aims to address this by combining two types of executive function: the "cool" (planning and values) and "hot" (emotion and impulse). The app includes features like:

1. Guided Future Mapping: Users create a structured map of their past experiences and future goals.
2. Daily and Weekly Check-Ins: Users set daily priorities with adaptable prompts based on their previous behavior.
3. Longitudinal Insights: The app tracks patterns over time, helping users understand their progress and challenges.
4. Problem-Solving Support: When users feel stuck, Indy offers prompts to identify obstacles and suggest next steps.
5. Tracking Effort: Indy acknowledges users' efforts and mindset, even on days without clear outcomes.

Indy uses AI to provide affordable and personalized support, making it accessible to more people compared to traditional coaching. The app is free to try, and feedback from users, especially those with ADHD, is welcomed to improve the app.

For more information or to try the app, visit Indy.

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Summary of Just the Browser

Just the Browser is a tool that helps you simplify your desktop web browser by removing unnecessary AI features, data tracking, sponsored content, and other distractions. It aims to provide a cleaner browsing experience using settings meant for corporate use.

Key Features:

• Removes features like AI tools, shopping aids, sponsored content, and prompts about changing default browsers.
• Keeps crash reporting enabled and allows for easy installation through scripts.
• Available for Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox (not yet for mobile devices).

Getting Started:

• You can install the tool using a simple setup script for Windows, Mac, or Linux.
• If you need a web browser, you can find download links for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.

Support and Modifications:

• You can modify or remove settings as needed, with guides available for each browser.
• The settings persist as long as the browsers support them, but updates may affect functionality.

Additional Information:

• The tool doesn't install ad blockers; you need to add those separately.
• If you see a message saying the browser is managed, it's because of the settings applied.
• Just the Browser aims to make mainstream browsers more user-friendly while maintaining their benefits compared to alternative browsers.

Tusk Drift is a new system designed to simplify API testing by recording real traffic from your service and replaying those requests as tests. This helps avoid the tedious nature of writing tests and ensures that the tests stay realistic since they are based on actual data.

Key features include:

• It automatically creates mocks for outbound I/O (like databases and HTTP calls) using recorded data.
• Unlike traditional mocking libraries that intercept requests during tests, Tusk Drift records full request/response traces and replays them against your running service without requiring extra test code.

To use Tusk Drift:

1. Install a lightweight SDK (available for Python and Node.js).
2. Record traffic in any environment.
3. Use the command tusk run to run your tests.

This tool is integrated into CI processes and can also be used for immediate feedback when testing changes made by AI coding agents.

For more information, you can check the source and demo links provided.

Summary:

The design of our environments significantly affects how we consume food and content. For example, larger plates make us eat more, and social media platforms like TikTok keep us scrolling for hours without realizing it. This leads to overconsumption, especially of low-quality content, referred to as "AI slop."

The "For You Page" on TikTok encourages endless consumption, but only a small percentage of users actually create content. This creates an imbalance where demand for content exceeds supply, resulting in lower quality. The ease of access to content has diminished our curiosity and appreciation for creativity.

Social media platforms aim to keep users engaged, but they struggle to ensure a consistent flow of quality content from creators. The example of Vine illustrates how creators can leverage their influence, as a group of top creators successfully shut down the platform when they demanded compensation.

Currently, platforms like TikTok and Meta prefer automated content, as human creators are unpredictable. However, there are still many high-quality works available outside these platforms. To find them, we should rediscover the art of “surfing the web,” which involves exploring content mindfully rather than passively scrolling.

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Summary of psc (Process Scanner)

• What is psc?
  psc, or process scanner, is a tool designed to quickly scan processes using eBPF iterators and Google CEL for precise system state queries, especially in container environments.

• Key Features:

  • Fast and Efficient: Utilizes eBPF iterators for quick access to kernel data, avoiding slow system calls associated with traditional tools.
  • Comprehensive Access: Can retrieve kernel information not usually available through standard methods, enhancing visibility and security.
  • Readable Queries: Uses Common Expression Language (CEL) to allow users to write clear and understandable queries, reducing reliance on complicated command line pipes.

• Container Awareness:
  Unlike traditional tools, psc automatically extracts container information (like ID, name, and runtime) for various container platforms, simplifying the process of monitoring containerized applications.

• Installation Requirements:
  Requires Linux kernel 5.8 or later, Go 1.25 or later, and necessary development tools and libraries.

• Basic Usage:

  • Example commands include:
    • sudo psc to list all processes.
    • psc 'process.name == "nginx"' to filter by process name.
    • psc 'container.runtime == docker' to find Docker containers.

• Output Customization:
  Users can specify which fields to display in the output using the -o flag for tailored results, with options for common presets.

• Examples of Queries:

  • Find web servers: psc 'process.name == "nginx" || process.name == "apache2"'
  • List processes listening on privileged ports: psc 'socket.state == listen && socket.srcPort < 1024'

• License:
  psc is licensed under the MIT License.

Overall, psc is a powerful, user-friendly tool for monitoring processes and containers on Linux systems.

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Hello! I'm creating a community directory for personal websites at this link. The directory currently has only a few sites, and I need your help to expand it. If you have a personal website that you control and has been well-received in discussions, please share it in the comments. Let me know if you prefer not to include your website.

This directory is meant to be maintained by the community, so if you're interested in helping out as a maintainer, please reach out.

Additionally, you can check out a related discussion from July 2023 about sharing personal blogs and websites here.

Note: It will take some time to process all submissions, and if you'd like to assist, feel free to contribute directly on GitHub here.

The article discusses a study examining the relationship between gut microorganisms, diet, and health, particularly in relation to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Key points include:

1. Rising CMDs: CMDs are increasing globally, largely due to poor diets rich in processed foods.

2. Gut Microbiome Role: The gut microbiome is linked to diet and health, affecting how individuals respond to dietary changes. However, its complex nature makes it difficult to draw universal conclusions.

3. Large-Scale Study: The research analyzed data from over 34,000 participants in the US and UK, looking at their gut microbiomes, diets, and health indicators. This extensive dataset helps identify specific gut microorganisms associated with better or worse health outcomes.

4. Health Ranking System: The study created the ‘ZOE Microbiome Health Ranking 2025,’ which ranks gut microorganisms based on their health impacts. This ranking connects microbial species to various health markers, like body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose levels.

5. Intervention Results: In dietary intervention trials, beneficial microorganisms increased, while harmful ones decreased over time, supporting the connection between diet, gut microbiome, and health.

6. Future Research: The findings suggest potential for personalized dietary interventions based on an individual's gut microbiome, though further studies are needed to establish causal relationships.

Overall, the study highlights the significant role of gut microorganisms in linking diet to health, emphasizing the need for future research to explore these connections further.

Summary of Duvet Tool

Duvet is a tool that helps track the relationship between project requirements and their implementation, known as requirements traceability. This means you can follow a requirement's journey from its origin, through development, to its use and any updates.

Getting Started with Duvet:

1. Prerequisites: You need to have a Rust toolchain installed.
2. Installation: Use the command $ cargo install duvet --locked to install Duvet.
3. Initialize a Repository: You can start a project in Rust with the command:

   $ duvet init --lang-rust --specification https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2324
   

4. Add an Implementation Comment: Include a comment in your code to link to the requirement. For example:

// src/lib.rs //= https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2324#section-2.1.1 //# A coffee pot server MUST accept both the BREW and POST method //# equivalently.

5. **Generate a Report:** Run the command `$ duvet report` to create a report on your requirements.

Duvet can be used with any programming language, not just Rust.

Sergey and Serafim have created a tool called 1Code, which is now open-source and designed for managing Claude Code agents more efficiently. They found that using multiple Claude Code agents made their development process faster but managing them through the command line became cumbersome.

1Code allows users to run these agents in parallel on both Mac and the web, providing live previews of applications and supporting mobile checks.

Future plans for 1Code include adding a bug detection feature, a Quality Assurance agent, and support for more coding models. Users can try 1Code for free or opt for a Pro version at $20/month for hosted services with live previews. They welcome feedback from users.

A recent report from the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) revealed that Boeing was aware of a structural flaw in a part linked to a UPS cargo plane crash in Kentucky last November. The MD-11F aircraft crashed after an engine detached from its wing during takeoff, leading to the deaths of 15 people, including three crew members and 12 on the ground.

Investigators found that cracks in the engine mounting assembly had been identified by Boeing 15 years earlier on similar aircraft. Although Boeing concluded that this issue would not pose a safety risk, the NTSB's latest findings indicated that the cracks were due to fatigue in a critical bearing and its mounting.

Boeing had previously warned operators in a non-binding service letter to inspect the part every five years and noted changes to maintenance procedures. Criticism has been directed at Boeing's safety practices, especially following past incidents with the 737 Max.

Boeing expressed condolences to the families affected and stated that they are cooperating with the NTSB investigation, which is ongoing and has not yet determined the final cause of the crash.

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The author, a long-time user of Spark, appreciates the simplicity of not having to deal with complex configuration options anymore. With powerful cloud processors available at reasonable prices, managing large data clusters isn't necessary unless you're working with really huge datasets. There is also a distributed version of DuckDB now available.

While Athena is a powerful tool, the author finds it frustrating for developing and quickly testing moderately complex queries. In contrast, DuckDB makes it easier to work with queries, as demonstrated by a simple example of selecting and renaming columns.

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The text discusses the concept of "artisanal code" and the increasing role of AI in software engineering. Here are the key points:

1. Artisanal Code: The idea is that code can be crafted with care and skill, similar to artisanal products. This code is traceable back to its creators and is a mix of different cultures and coding practices.

2. AI in Coding: AI tools are becoming more prevalent in coding, but the author expresses concerns about their effectiveness. While AI can assist in generating boilerplate code and completing familiar tasks, it feels like "cheating" for engineers who need to understand and maintain the code.

3. Challenges with AI: The author highlights that while AI can generate code, it can complicate the understanding of the codebase. If engineers cannot grasp how the code works, they risk issues when maintaining or fixing it.

4. No-code Tools: The author criticizes no-code tools for oversimplifying complex coding tasks, arguing they can lead to limitations and "vendor lock-in."

5. Documentation and Training: Good documentation and training can improve AI-generated code, but understanding the context is still crucial for effective coding.

6. Frustrations with AI: The author shares frustrations with AI coding tools, noting that they often require extensive reworking and can lead to confusion rather than efficiency.

In summary, while AI and no-code tools offer some advantages, the author believes a strong understanding of coding is essential for successful software development.

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OpenBSD/arm64 is now functional as a guest operating system on the Apple Hypervisor, thanks to recent updates from developers Helg Bredow and Stefan Fritsch.

Key changes include:

1. Graphics Fix: Helg Bredow modified the viogpu.c file to correct how framebuffer addresses are returned, preventing issues like a black screen in QEMU and kernel panics on the Apple Hypervisor. He also added synchronization calls to ensure updates to the framebuffer are visible to the host.

2. Network Support: Stefan Fritsch added support for the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) feature in the if_vio.c file, allowing OpenBSD to properly negotiate network settings with the hypervisor. This makes OpenBSD compatible with Apple Virtualization.

These improvements are particularly beneficial for users with newer Apple Silicon Macs. Users are encouraged to test the new features and provide feedback.

Pocket TTS is a new text-to-speech (TTS) model with 100 million parameters that allows for real-time voice cloning on a laptop's CPU. It can generate speech from text and accurately mimic voices using just a 5-second audio sample. Users can try it locally or through an online demo.

The model is designed to compete with larger TTS models that require powerful GPUs and offer more flexibility, as well as smaller models with limited voice options. Pocket TTS strikes a balance by being compact while maintaining high quality and performance.

Key features include:

• Open-source under the MIT license.
• Trained on publicly available English datasets totaling 88,000 hours of audio.
• Achieves the lowest Word Error Rate and competitive audio quality compared to larger models, while being able to operate faster than real-time on a CPU.

Pocket TTS utilizes a unique architecture that predicts audio without needing to convert it into discrete tokens, which helps keep the model size small. It includes advanced techniques for efficient training and high-quality audio generation, such as continuous latents and latent classifier-free guidance.

Overall, Pocket TTS represents a significant advance in TTS technology, providing flexibility, quality, and accessibility for users.

The text appears to be a heading or title related to organizing references or academic citations. It includes terms like "My Bibliography," "Collections," and "Citation manager," which suggest tools for managing and referencing academic works. There are no specific details to summarize beyond these key points.

The text discusses enhancements in the CLI (Command Line Interface) completion system introduced in Optique version 0.10.0, focusing on how it manages dependencies between command options for better user experience.

Key Points:

1. Context-Aware Completion: The new system allows for completion suggestions based on previously typed options, which is particularly useful for commands that depend on user input, like Git commands that require a specific repository path.

2. Static and Runtime Dependencies:

   • Static dependencies can be defined at the time of creating the command options, ensuring that valid combinations are enforced.
   • Runtime dependencies allow for dynamic completion based on user input, such as branch names that vary by repository.

3. Dependency System: The system lets you mark one option as a source for dependencies and create parsers that adjust based on that input. This enables validation and completion to work correctly according to the user's context.

4. Async Support: The new features support asynchronous operations, which are essential for real-world scenarios where data needs to be fetched, like reading from Git repositories or querying APIs.

5. Multi-Dependency Handling: For cases where multiple options affect each other, the system includes functions that allow for derived parsers to consider multiple dependencies.

6. Type Safety: The enhancements maintain type safety, ensuring that invalid combinations of options are caught at compile time.

Overall, these improvements make it easier to build user-friendly CLIs that provide accurate and context-sensitive command completions. Users can try the pre-release version of Optique to access these features.

I'm unable to access external links, including Google Docs or spreadsheets. However, if you provide the text or main points you would like summarized, I can help you with that!

The text provides a list of notable trees worldwide, highlighting their significance based on historical, cultural, or natural contexts. It includes both living and historical trees, organized by region (Africa, Asia, Europe).

Key Points:

• Importance: Trees are recognized for their historical, national, or mythological significance.
• Living Trees: Examples include the Sunland Baobab in South Africa (1,060 years old) and the Cypress of Abarkuh in Iran (4,500 years old).
• Historical Trees: Notable examples are the Tree of Ténéré in Niger, destroyed in 1973, and the Bodhi Tree in India, where Buddha attained enlightenment.
• Cultural Significance: Some trees, like the Five-Dollar Tree in Singapore, are associated with national symbols or events.

Overall, the list emphasizes the diverse roles trees play in different cultures and histories across the globe.

Summary of "From Bare Metal to Containers: A Developer’s Guide to Execution Environments"

This guide explores the evolution of software execution environments, highlighting their importance in ensuring code runs reliably across different systems. Here are the key points:

1. Importance of Execution Environments: Differences in execution environments can lead to deployment issues, making it crucial to understand and manage them effectively.

2. Types of Execution Environments:

   • Bare Metal: Direct use of physical hardware, offering maximum performance but is costly and inflexible.
   • Virtual Machines (VMs): Use a hypervisor to create multiple isolated operating systems on one hardware, providing strong isolation but with significant resource overhead.
   • Containers: Bundle applications with their dependencies, sharing the host OS kernel. They are lightweight and fast but offer weaker isolation than VMs.
   • Process Sandboxes: Limit a process's access to system resources for security, but are complex to configure.
   • Virtual Environments: Isolate dependencies specific to a programming language, preventing conflicts but lacking OS-level isolation.

3. Modern Isolation Techniques: Tools and techniques are evolving to combine these environments, allowing developers to leverage strengths while minimizing weaknesses. These include container orchestration tools and unified management systems for dependencies.

4. Future Trends: The guide discusses the shift towards serverless computing and WebAssembly (Wasm), which further abstract execution environments but come with their own trade-offs.

5. Choosing the Right Environment: The choice of execution environment should depend on what aspects need isolation (hardware, OS, libraries). Understanding these boundaries helps avoid common pitfalls like "it works on my machine" scenarios.

By understanding these key concepts, developers can make informed decisions about the right execution environments for their projects, leading to more reliable software deployment.

Summary: An LLM-Optimized Programming Language

Jason Hall explores the concept of a programming language specifically designed for large language models (LLMs), which would not be human-readable but optimized for token efficiency. Traditional programming languages like Python and Java were created for human understanding, but LLMs process information in terms of tokens.

He describes his journey of creating an LLM-optimized language, starting with an initial version called B-IR (Byte-encoded Intent Representation), which was highly unreadable. After challenges in creating a compiler for B-IR, he moved on to a second version called TBIR (text-based B-IR), which was more manageable but still not significantly different from assembly code.

Hall reflects on the characteristics that make a language optimized for LLMs, including reducing ambiguity, maintaining clear variable scopes, and minimizing loose typing. He introduces Loom, a third version that emphasizes clarity and includes features like unambiguous input/output declarations, better error messages, and integrated testing.

Through this process, he realizes that "LLM-optimized" doesn't have to mean unintelligible; rather, it can lead to languages that are also user-friendly for humans. The exploration raises interesting questions about the future of programming languages in a world increasingly influenced by LLMs.

Summary of the Go Programming Language Fork (go-legacy-win7)

The go-legacy-win7 is a modified version of the Go programming language designed to support Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, which are no longer supported by the official Go project. This version also allows users to use the older "go get" commands in a way similar to the traditional Go workflow.

Key Features:

• Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 Support: Unlike the official Go, this fork is compatible with these older systems.
• Classic go get Behavior: Users can use "go get" and "go install" in both GOPATH mode and module-aware mode, depending on the situation.

Compatibility Note: Some newer Go features may not work fully on these old Windows versions, and there may be some limitations.

Release Changes: Each update includes various fixes and improvements, including restoring certain functionalities to maintain compatibility with legacy systems.

Installation Instructions:

• For Windows: Download the appropriate ZIP file, extract it, and adjust your system and user environment variables.
• For macOS and Linux: Download the TAR file, extract it to the appropriate directory, and update your shell configuration file.

Verifying Installation: After installation, run go version in the terminal to check if it's set up correctly.

Contributing: Users can provide feedback, report issues, or submit contributions to the project. For questions about Go, there are designated resources available.

Summary of CVEs in the Svelte Ecosystem

On January 15, 2026, patches were released for five vulnerabilities in the Svelte ecosystem, affecting the following packages: devalue, svelte, @sveltejs/kit, and @sveltejs/adapter-node. Users are urged to upgrade to the following safe versions:

• devalue: 5.6.2
• svelte: 5.46.4
• @sveltejs/kit: 2.49.5
• @sveltejs/adapter-node: 5.5.1

Key vulnerabilities include:

1. CVE-2026-22775: Denial of Service (DoS) in devalue.parse, affecting versions 5.1.0 to 5.6.1. It can crash the process if user-controlled input is parsed.

2. CVE-2026-22774: Similar to the previous CVE, also affects devalue versions 5.3.0 to 5.6.1, causing potential crashes with malicious payloads.

3. CVE-2026-22803: DoS in SvelteKit's remote functions deserializer, affecting versions 2.49.0 to 2.49.4 with the experimental.remoteFunctions flag enabled. Malicious requests can hang applications.

4. CVE-2025-67647: DoS and potential Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) when using prerendering in @sveltejs/kit and @sveltejs/adapter-node, affecting versions 2.19.0 to 2.49.4. Vulnerabilities may lead to server crashes or unauthorized access to internal resources.

5. CVE-2025-15265: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in svelte versions 5.46.0 to 5.46.3, affecting the hydratable feature with unsanitized user-controlled keys.

The Svelte team thanks the security researchers and Vercel's security team for their assistance in addressing these issues. Users discovering any new vulnerabilities are encouraged to report them privately.

No summary available.

The IGVM project focuses on the Independent Guest Virtual Machine (IGVM) file format. This format allows for the creation and management of virtual machines across various platforms, supporting technologies like AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX. It includes commands for setting up the virtual machine and ensures that the file is verified and signed correctly.

The project encourages contributions, which require agreeing to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) to grant rights for the contributions. When submitting changes, a bot will guide users on whether a CLA is needed.

The project follows the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct, and any trademarks or logos used must comply with Microsoft's guidelines.

راهنمای کاربری Briar

Briar چیست؟ Briar یک برنامه پیام‌رسان امن و پیشرفته است که برای فعالان و روزنامه‌نگاران طراحی شده است. این برنامه به سرورهای متمرکز نیاز ندارد و می‌تواند بدون اینترنت از طریق بلوتوث یا وای‌فای کار کند. اگر اینترنت موجود باشد، از شبکه تور برای حفظ حریم خصوصی استفاده می‌کند.

نصب Briar برای دستگاه‌های اندروید در Google Play موجود است. اگر نمی‌خواهید از Google Play استفاده کنید، می‌توانید آن را از وب‌سایت Briar دانلود کنید.

ایجاد حساب کاربری هنگام اولین ورود، نیاز به ایجاد حساب کاربری با نام مستعار و گذرواژه دارید. توجه داشته باشید که اطلاعات حساب شما فقط بر روی دستگاه شما ذخیره می‌شود.

افزودن مخاطبان برای افزودن مخاطب، می‌توانید از پیوند briar:// استفاده کنید یا با اسکن کد QR شخص مورد نظر، او را به لیست خود اضافه کنید.

پیام‌رسانی پیام‌ها در Briar به صورت رمزگذاری شده هستند و اگر مخاطب شما آفلاین باشد، پیام شما در زمان آنلاین شدن او ارسال می‌شود.

گروه‌های خصوصی و انجمن‌ها می‌توانید گروه‌های خصوصی برای گپ زدن با چند نفر ایجاد کنید. همچنین، انجمن‌ها مکالمات عمومی هستند که هر کسی می‌تواند به آن‌ها بپیوندد.

وبلاگ‌ها و خوراک‌های RSS Briar شامل یک بخش وبلاگ است که می‌توانید اخبار یا به‌روزرسانی‌ها را در آن منتشر کنید. همچنین می‌توانید خوراک‌های RSS را برای خواندن مقالات اضافه کنید.

تنظیمات در بخش تنظیمات، می‌توانید ظاهر برنامه و نحوه اتصال به اینترنت (از طریق تور) را تغییر دهید. همچنین، می‌توانید کنترل کنید که آیا Briar از داده‌های موبایل استفاده کند یا خیر.

حذف مخاطبان برای حذف یک مخاطب، نام او را انتخاب کرده و گزینه حذف را بزنید.

قفل صفحه و امنیت می‌توانید برای حفاظت از حریم خصوصی، Briar را قفل کنید تا قبل از ورود پین یا رمز عبور استفاده نشود.

این خلاصه نکات کلیدی و نحوه استفاده از برنامه Briar را به ساده‌ترین شکل ممکن توضیح می‌دهد.

In a blog post by Evan Hahn, he reflects on his long journey with the text editor Vim. He first encountered Vim in 2012 and was impressed by how quickly experienced users could navigate and edit code. Despite years of practice, he still feels clumsy with the editor, often making mistakes and not using shortcuts efficiently.

Determined to master Vim, he decided to set all 376 configuration options to better understand the editor. This involved extensive research into documentation, source code, and online forums. Throughout this process, he learned various functionalities, such as using external commands, the complexities of file saving, and features like the command-line window and digraphs for typing special characters.

Despite setting every option and significantly improving his skills, he still feels he hasn't achieved full fluency in Vim. His configuration file has grown to nearly 2900 lines, but he acknowledges that true mastery is a continual journey, and he will always have more to learn.

Wiz Research identified a serious vulnerability called CodeBreach that threatened the AWS Console's supply chain. This flaw allowed attackers to potentially take over critical AWS GitHub repositories, including the AWS JavaScript SDK, which is essential for many applications and the AWS Console itself. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers could have inserted harmful code, affecting numerous AWS accounts.

The issue arose from a small mistake in the configuration of AWS CodeBuild CI pipelines, where two missing characters in a Regex filter allowed unauthorized access, leading to the leakage of sensitive credentials. Wiz disclosed the problem to AWS, who quickly fixed it and implemented additional security measures, including a new Pull Request Comment Approval feature to prevent untrusted builds.

The vulnerability is part of a larger pattern observed in recent supply chain attacks, which highlight the need for organizations to strengthen their CI/CD pipelines against similar threats. Wiz provided recommendations for CodeBuild users to secure their projects, such as preventing untrusted pull requests from initiating builds and ensuring connections to GitHub are tightly controlled.

The investigation was prompted by a previous supply-chain attack involving a misconfigured CodeBuild project that sought to compromise another AWS extension. Ultimately, the findings underscore the increasing risk to CI/CD systems and the necessity for better security practices in managing them. AWS has taken steps to address these vulnerabilities and protect their users, emphasizing the importance of secure configurations in preventing potential breaches.

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The creator of mdto.page developed this tool to easily share Markdown notes as webpages without needing a GitHub account or complicated setup. Key features include:

• Instant Publishing: You can publish without logging in or any setup.
• Flexible Expiration: You can choose links to expire after 1 day, 7 days, 2 weeks, or 30 days, making it convenient for temporary sharing.

It's free to use, and the creator welcomes feedback!

David Herdes analyzed the BGP anomaly in Venezuela and highlighted that BGP route leaks are common on the internet. He suggests that Cloudflare can improve security by following RFC 8657 standards, which help prevent attackers from intercepting traffic and obtaining valid SSL certificates through these leaks.

The problem is that Cloudflare's Universal SSL automatically adds permissive CAA records that override user-set account bindings, making it easier for attackers to exploit BGP leaks. This vulnerability was seen in a previous attack in 2023. David has raised this concern before but feels it was ignored.

He requests that the SSL team update Universal SSL to respect strict account bindings to enhance security, emphasizing that addressing this issue is crucial due to the frequency of BGP leaks.

The author is a fan of Claude Opus, which helps with understanding feature requests and works well with their custom code. However, they've observed that using Opus at night leads to problems where it makes changes that break the code and then continues to make errors. A task that usually takes 3-4 minutes can turn into a 10-minute struggle. The author wonders if others have experienced similar issues.

Summary of E360 Digest - January 13, 2026

In 2025, China led the world by installing over half of all new wind and solar energy capacity. In May, the country added enough renewable energy to power Poland, with solar panels being installed at a remarkable rate of about 100 every second. This expansion is visible across China, from urban rooftops in the east to large wind farms in the western deserts.

Photographer Weimin Chu has spent three years using drones to capture the scale of this transformation. His aerial photos show how these energy projects interact with the surrounding landscapes, reminiscent of traditional Chinese ink paintings. Chu believes documenting this shift is crucial, as it reflects a significant change in our time. His work was exhibited last year by Greenpeace, highlighting the importance of renewable energy in China.

No summary available.

Summary: AI Components for a Deterministic System

Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into traditional software systems can be challenging due to the non-deterministic nature of AI outputs. This article by Eric Evans discusses how to make AI-generated results compatible with structured software.

1. Understanding Non-Deterministic Outputs: AI, especially large language models (LLMs), can provide valuable insights, like identifying the domains of a code sample. However, their outputs can vary each time a question is asked, making it hard to compare or integrate results into conventional systems.

2. Modeling vs. Classification: Distinguishes between classification tasks (which LLMs handle well) and modeling tasks (which are more complex). For reliable results, it's crucial to create a consistent categorization scheme before classifying specific code samples.

3. Creating Canonical Categories: Establish a fixed classification model based on a comprehensive view of the project, which can then be used for analysis of individual modules. This helps ensure consistency in categorizing code.

4. Incremental Modeling: Proposes an approach where new code samples can be gradually added to an existing classification system, allowing for continuous refinement of categories.

5. Using Established Standards: Suggests leveraging established classification systems, like NAICS, to improve consistency and reduce ambiguity in categorizing code domains.

6. Advantages of Standard Models: Standard models provide stability in classification, making it easier to integrate results and maintain consistency across repeated analyses.

In conclusion, while integrating AI into software systems poses challenges, careful modeling, the use of established categories, and a systematic approach can yield effective results.

No summary available.

pgwire-replication Summary

pgwire-replication is a high-performance client for PostgreSQL logical replication, built directly on the PostgreSQL wire protocol. It is designed for systems that need precise control over the replication process, such as change data capture (CDC) and write-ahead log (WAL) replay.

Key Features:

• Direct Interaction: It connects directly to PostgreSQL without using higher-level libraries like libpq or tokio-postgres.
• Control Over Replication: Users can specify start and stop points for replication using Log Sequence Numbers (LSNs).
• Feedback Mechanism: It provides predictable feedback and allows for monitoring replication status.
• Async Integration: Built for compatibility with asynchronous systems.
• TLS Support: Offers optional TLS for secure connections.

Requirements:

• Requires Rust version 1.88 or later and PostgreSQL version 15 or higher.

Usage:

To use pgwire-replication, add it to your Cargo.toml file. Basic operations involve connecting to a PostgreSQL instance and processing replication events.

Important Notes:

• The system handles LSNs explicitly, allowing for precise control of the replication state.
• Events are received in a loop, and the user must manage the progression of LSNs manually.
• Idle behavior during replication is expected if no changes occur in the database.

Installation:

Add the following to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
pgwire-replication = "0.1"

Example Code Snippet:

let mut repl = ReplicationClient::connect(config).await?;
while let Some(event) = repl.recv().await? {
    match event {
        ReplicationEvent::XLogData { wal_end, data, .. } => {
            process(data);
            repl.update_applied_lsn(wal_end);
        }
        _ => {}
    }
}

pgwire-replication is primarily focused on the replication aspect and does not handle general SQL operations or schema management. It provides a clean and efficient way to manage PostgreSQL logical replication in applications.

Summary of Feature Selection: A Primer

Why Feature Selection? Feature selection helps reduce the number of factors considered in a machine learning model. For example, if a bank has 500 factors to determine loan defaults, you might want to narrow it down to the 15 most relevant features to make the model lighter and more interpretable.

Structure of the Article The article explains various methods of feature selection, focusing on their statistical foundations. It covers prerequisites, formulas, and practical implementations in code. Key concepts like covariance and correlation are briefly explained in an appendix for reference.

Levels of Measurement Data can be categorized into four levels:

1. Nominal: Categorical data without order (e.g., colors).
2. Ordinal: Categorical data with an order but inconsistent distances (e.g., rankings).
3. Interval: Numeric data with equal distances but no true zero (e.g., temperature).
4. Ratio: Numeric data with equal distances and a true zero (e.g., weight).

Understanding these levels is crucial for selecting the appropriate feature selection method.

Filter Methods These methods assess each feature’s statistical relationship with the target variable. Key filter methods include:

1. Pearson’s R: Measures linear relationships between continuous variables.
2. Kendall’s Tau: Assesses ordinal relationships using ranks.
3. Spearman’s Rho: Similar to Kendall’s, it measures monotonic relationships based on ranks.
4. Chi-Squared Test: Evaluates independence between categorical variables.
5. Mutual Information: Captures any relationship type, including non-linear.
6. ANOVA F-Score: Compares means across groups for continuous and categorical features.
7. Point-Biserial Correlation: A specific case for comparing binary categorical variables with continuous features.

Key Points on Each Method

• Pearson’s R: Best for linear relationships; ranges from -1 (perfect negative) to 1 (perfect positive).
• Kendall’s Tau: Good for ordinal data; also ranges from -1 to 1.
• Spearman’s Rho: Effective for monotonic relationships and less sensitive to outliers.
• Chi-Squared: Helps determine if two categorical variables are independent.
• Mutual Information: Versatile; measures shared information, applicable to various data types.
• ANOVA F-Score: Used for distinguishing between groups based on continuous features.
• Point-Biserial: Indicates strength and direction of relationships for binary outcomes.

Conclusion The right feature selection method depends on the data types involved. Understanding the context and characteristics of your data is essential for choosing the appropriate technique. This article serves as a guide to help you navigate feature selection in machine learning effectively.

The author is interested in how people are using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods locally, without needing many external tools, for internal coding or complex documents. They are asking if others are using a vector database, semantic search, knowledge graphs, or hypergraphs for this purpose.

No summary available.

Crypto grifters are targeting open-source AI developers by promoting new cryptocurrencies linked to their projects. Two notable examples are Geoff Huntley’s “Ralph Wiggum loop” and Steve Yegge’s “Gas Town.” While these are legitimate AI concepts, the associated cryptocurrencies, $RALPH and $GAS, are not technically related to the projects and primarily benefit their creators financially.

Here's how it works: someone creates a coin (like $GAS) and links it to a celebrity (like Yegge) without their prior agreement, hoping to entice them into promoting it once it gains some value. This tactic relies on the allure of easy money to draw in developers, who may not realize the risks involved.

The system is criticized as predatory, likening it to a pump-and-dump scheme where insiders profit while the community is left misled. The open-source AI community is seen as an appealing target due to its size and the financial allure for its members.

The link provided leads to the GitHub page for "Heritrix 3," which is a web crawling software developed by the Internet Archive. This software is used to archive websites and collect digital content from the internet.

A federal judge has ordered Anna’s Archive, a shadow library that illegally copied data from WorldCat, to delete its WorldCat data and stop using it. The judge's decision comes after OCLC, the nonprofit that operates WorldCat, accused Anna's Archive of hacking their site and stealing 2.2TB of information. Anna’s Archive has not responded to the lawsuit and is unlikely to comply with the order, as it openly admits to violating copyright laws to share books widely.

The judge found that Anna's Archive caused significant operational issues for WorldCat over the past year by using automated software to scrape data. Despite the ruling, OCLC plans to use the judgment to push web hosts to remove Anna's Archive's WorldCat data from their sites. This lawsuit began in January 2024 after OCLC linked the cyberattacks to Anna’s Archive, which had been making the stolen data available for free download.

The case is not over, as OCLC must file a report on how to proceed with remaining claims against Anna’s Archive within the next month.