Summary of "Understanding LLM Inference Engines: Inside Nano-vLLM (Part 1)"

When using large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI or Claude, an inference engine is essential for processing. This article examines Nano-vLLM, a simplified yet effective version of the vLLM inference engine. Despite its small codebase, Nano-vLLM includes key features that make it efficient for production use, such as prefix caching and tensor parallelism.

The process starts with prompts being converted into tokens by a tokenizer, which prepares the data for processing. Instead of processing each request immediately, Nano-vLLM uses a producer-consumer model to improve efficiency by batching requests together. Batching helps manage GPU overhead, increasing throughput but possibly leading to higher wait times.

LLM inference occurs in two phases: Prefill, where the model processes input tokens, and Decode, where it generates output tokens one at a time. The Scheduler manages the flow of sequences, deciding which to process first and grouping them into batches.

The system also includes a Block Manager for memory management, dividing sequences into fixed-size blocks and caching results to avoid redundant computations. The Model Runner executes the model on GPUs, supporting tensor parallelism for large models by distributing work across multiple GPUs.

To minimize delays, Nano-vLLM uses CUDA Graphs, which streamline GPU operations. Finally, the model outputs probabilities for each token, and a sampling process selects the final token based on a temperature setting that controls output variability.

In the upcoming Part 2, the article will dive deeper into how the model works internally, including attention mechanisms and GPU memory management.

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The author discusses a significant improvement in file syncing speed using rclone compared to rsync. Previously, syncing large project folders with rsync was slow, taking over 8 minutes for about 59 GiB of data, mainly because rsync transfers files one at a time (single-threaded) and has a speed limit on the network share.

After realizing rclone can transfer files in parallel using the --multi-thread-streams option, the author switched to rclone for syncing. This change resulted in a dramatic speed increase, completing the same file transfer in just over 2 minutes and fully utilizing the 10 Gbps network connection.

Although there are slight differences in file size reported between the two methods, the main takeaway is that rclone is about four times faster due to its ability to handle multiple file transfers simultaneously. The author concludes that rclone is a superior choice for local file transfers.

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The text discusses the increasing tensions in Greenland, which are influencing Europe's efforts to become more energy independent. It suggests that these tensions are prompting European countries to seek alternative energy sources and reduce reliance on others. The article emphasizes the importance of this shift in the context of global energy dynamics.

The text discusses the development of a high-performance web server called httpz, built using OxCaml, a variant of the OCaml programming language. The author is enthusiastic about utilizing OxCaml in their research on planetary computing due to its performance benefits and the modularity and type safety it offers compared to large Python scripts.

Key points include:

1. Zero Allocation Design: The httpz server is designed to minimize memory allocation during HTTP/1.1 request handling. This means that connections can be managed without extensive garbage collection, leading to better performance.

2. Unboxed Types: OxCaml allows the use of unboxed types, which can lead to significant performance improvements by reducing memory overhead. For example, records can be defined in a way that they occupy stack space instead of the heap.

3. Performance Benchmarks: The httpz parser shows impressive performance metrics, such as handling small requests significantly faster than traditional parsers and achieving high throughput with minimal heap allocations.

4. Future Integration: The author intends to enhance the web server's capabilities by integrating it with io_uring for efficient I/O operations, allowing direct interaction with the kernel without unnecessary data copying.

5. Development Experience: The author emphasizes the ease of development in OxCaml and shares plans to continue improving the web server and exploring new features of the language.

Overall, the text highlights the potential of OxCaml in developing efficient web servers and the author's commitment to advancing its use in real-world applications.

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Summary: "Hypergrowth Isn't Always Easy"

Tailscale has experienced some uptime issues recently, especially during the holiday season. The company values transparency, which is why they provide a public uptime history. However, this openness can lead to misunderstandings about service performance.

The article discusses Tailscale's system architecture, explaining that their coordination service is crucial for managing connections but can lead to disruptions when it experiences downtime. While existing connections usually remain active during such issues, new actions that rely on the coordination service can be blocked.

To address these challenges, Tailscale is working on several improvements:

1. Caching Network Maps: This will help users recover their network connections quickly if their software restarts.
2. Enhancing Coordination Services: They are implementing features to minimize disruptions, such as better isolation and live migrations.
3. Improving Resource Sharing: Tailscale aims to enable better sharing of resources across different network regions.
4. Continuous Software Improvement: Ongoing enhancements to software reliability are being prioritized.

Despite recent outages, Tailscale remains committed to improving their services and encourages user feedback to help them grow. They are also hiring to strengthen their team.

Termux Overview

Termux is an Android app that provides a terminal emulator and Linux environment. It allows users to run command-line tools and install packages. However, if you're using Android 12 or higher, be cautious as the app may face stability issues, such as processes being killed by the system.

Key Features:

• Plugins: Termux includes several optional plugins like Termux:API and Termux:Boot.
• Installation: The latest version is v0.118.3, and users are encouraged to update to avoid security vulnerabilities. Termux can be installed from F-Droid, GitHub, or the Google Play Store (though the Play Store version is experimental and may have bugs).
• Uninstallation: To switch installation sources, users must uninstall existing Termux apps and plugins.

Important Links and Community:

• The Termux community can be found on Reddit, Matrix channels, and Twitter.
• Various wikis and FAQs are available to help users with setup, debugging, and usage.

Debugging: Users can set log levels in the app to help diagnose issues. It’s essential to report complete issues for effective support.

Contributing: Developers can contribute to Termux by following guidelines for code changes, versioning, and commit messages.

Support and Funding: Termux is supported by organizations like GitHub and Cloudflare, which help sustain its development.

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Microsoft is increasingly adopting Anthropic’s Claude Code for its internal development, despite selling GitHub Copilot as its main AI coding tool to customers. Employees across various teams are being encouraged to use Claude Code, which is recognized for its user-friendly design, making it accessible even to non-developers. Microsoft has been integrating Claude Code into its engineering teams since mid-2025 and is now testing its use widely.

The company’s CoreAI team and others are exploring its capabilities, and there are plans to use Claude Code in Microsoft 365 apps as well. Although Microsoft remains committed to OpenAI, it is clearly investing more in Anthropic’s tools, which may eventually lead to offering Claude Code directly to customers.

Additionally, Microsoft is preparing for major game announcements for Xbox, managing issues with Windows 11 updates, and planning new data centers in Wisconsin. The company is also enhancing its products with AI features, like an AI-powered coloring book in Paint and a new GitHub Copilot SDK for developers. Finally, Microsoft has switched its Formula 1 sponsorship from Alpine to Mercedes-AMG for the upcoming season.

The author experienced significant issues running MLX LLMs on their iPhone 16 Pro Max, which produced incorrect outputs. In contrast, the same code ran perfectly on an iPhone 15 Pro and a MacBook Pro. This led the author to suspect a hardware defect in the Neural Engine of the iPhone 16.

Initially, the author was working on a simple expense tracking app as a break from a more complex project. They encountered problems with Apple's ML APIs, which were not functioning correctly, leading them to switch to a different approach using MLX LLM. Despite following documentation, the output on the iPhone 16 was gibberish, whereas it worked fine on the iPhone 15.

After extensive debugging and testing, the author confirmed that while the input was the same, the outputs were significantly different between the two devices. This suggested a hardware issue with the iPhone 16 Pro Max's Neural Engine. The author learned a valuable lesson about considering potential hardware problems during debugging and ultimately decided to return the defective phone to Apple, upgrading to an iPhone 17 Pro Max, which worked correctly.

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Summary:

A recent investigation has revealed that two AI coding extensions, called "MaliciousCorgi," are secretly stealing code from developers. These extensions, which have a combined 1.5 million downloads, function as coding assistants, offering help with code and error explanations. However, they also capture and send all files opened and edited by users to servers in China without permission.

Here's how they operate:

1. Real-Time Monitoring: The extensions read and transmit the entire contents of any file as soon as it is opened, along with every edit made.

2. Mass File Harvesting: The server can remotely trigger the collection of multiple files at once without any user interaction.

3. User Profiling: They also track user behavior to build detailed profiles, helping the server identify which files to steal.

This poses significant risks, as sensitive information like API keys, passwords, and proprietary code can be accessed and exfiltrated at any time.

The report highlights a gap between the rapid adoption of AI tools and the necessary verification of their safety. Developers are encouraged to adopt tools that provide transparency and protection against such threats.

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Apate Overview

Apate is an API prototyping and mocking server designed to aid integration and end-to-end testing. It is named after the goddess of deceit, reflecting its purpose of simulating API responses. The project is stable and nearly all features function as intended, with no breaking changes expected soon.

Key Features:

• Standalone server with a web user interface.
• Live specification updates via the UI or API.
• Ability to mock both string and binary responses.
• Customizable response bodies using Jinja templates.
• Advanced scripting using Rhai for complex scenarios.
• In-memory data handling to mimic database behavior.
• A Rust library designed for unit testing.
• Option to create custom mocking servers with Rust extensions.

Why Use Apate?

• Local Development: Avoids the need to run external services or APIs locally.
• Rust Unit Tests: Tests client logic without shortcuts.
• Integration Tests: Runs tests against a stable API when third-party APIs are unreliable.
• Load Tests: Ensures fast responses without external API delays.
• API Prototyping: Allows for working API endpoints before full implementation.

Running the Apate Server:

1. Using Docker:

   • Quick setup with a disposable container using the command:

     docker run --rm -tp 8228:8228 ghcr.io/rustrum/apate:latest
     

   • For custom specs, mount them into the Docker image.

2. Local Installation:

   • Install via Cargo with:

     cargo install apate
     

   • The server can be configured using environment variables or command line arguments.

Web UI and API:

• Access the web UI at http://HOST:PORT/apate.
• Configure the server using REST API endpoints for getting and updating specs.

Using Apate in Rust Tests:

• Create an instance of the Apate server in your test setup, allowing you to test your API logic easily.

Customizing Apate:

• Embed Apate within your application to add custom Rust logic to responses, using Rhai scripting for complex requirements.

License: Apate is distributed under the MIT license, subject to specific conditions outlined in the LICENSE-TERMS file.

I've been using Clawdbot for a few weeks and find it helpful, but it also makes me nervous. OpenClaw has over 52 modules and allows agents to operate with very high permissions in one Node process. In contrast, NanoClaw has around 500 lines of core code, with agents running in separate Apple containers for safety. Each chat has its own isolated environment. This tool is specifically designed for my needs. You can modify it to create your own version.

The article discusses the use of tear gas by law enforcement during protests, particularly focusing on the author's experiences during the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. The author describes the painful effects of tear gas and shares insights about the necessity of gas masks for protection in such situations.

Key points include:

1. Tear Gas Experience: The author recounts their first experience with tear gas, describing it as excruciating and disorienting. They learned how to navigate through gas clouds while maintaining breath control.

2. Gas Masks: The article provides a guide on choosing effective gas masks for protest situations. The recommended masks include the Parcil Distribution PT-100, Mira Tactical Gas Mask, and 3M 6800 Full-Face Respirator, highlighting their features and drawbacks.

3. Protest Dynamics: The author reflects on the nature of protests, questioning the role of law enforcement and how tear gas might escalate tensions instead of diffusing them. They also convey the emotional weight of witnessing the struggles of fellow protesters and the resilience shown in the face of state repression.

4. Buying Gas Masks: The piece emphasizes the lack of accessible information on purchasing gas masks for protection against state violence, suggesting that many protesters order them online.

5. Historical Context: The author alludes to the broader implications of the protests and the ongoing conflict between law enforcement and civilians, suggesting that the use of tear gas often serves to incite anger rather than restore order.

Overall, the article blends personal narrative with practical advice on gas masks, while exploring the complex dynamics of protest and state control.

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The Library of Juggling is a website that aims to compile a comprehensive list of juggling tricks, both popular and lesser-known. While juggling is becoming more popular, there aren't many resources dedicated to cataloging these tricks. The website features animated representations of each trick, along with details like difficulty level and necessary skills. If the creator can perform a trick, a text tutorial will also be provided, along with links to other online tutorials.

Beginners should start with the Three Ball Cascade pattern, while experienced jugglers can explore tricks organized by difficulty. However, the Library is currently on indefinite hiatus, meaning no new tricks will be added, but existing content will remain available. Recent additions include various unique tricks like the Crossed-Arm Shower and Frostbite.

Summary:

• Create Your Own Adventure Games: Adventure Game Studio (AGS) is free software for making point-and-click adventure games. It's user-friendly and works on Windows, with games playable on multiple platforms like Linux, iOS, and Android. AGS supports all skill levels and has a helpful community.

• Play Thousands of Games: You can access many games for free or purchase them. Some popular titles include "Brainrot!", "Nothmere", "Nightmare Frames", and "King's Quest II+ VGA", all offering unique gameplay experiences.

• Join Our Community: AGS has an active community where members can connect for support and share their projects. You can engage through forums, social media, and meet-ups. Donations are welcome to help maintain the community and support events.

The text is a link to an advertisement for the Apple I computer from October 1976. The ad highlights the features of the Apple I, emphasizing its innovative design and capabilities. It is aimed at attracting potential buyers by showcasing the computer's appeal and functionality during the early days of personal computing.

Board games are frequently incorporated into stories, especially in detective and adventure genres. These narratives often use familiar storytelling patterns, like treasure hunts or crime-solving, and adapt them to board game rules, such as those in chess or tarot. This practice dates back to ancient times, with examples from the Near East, including the Egyptian Tale of Setne Khaemwaset, where the protagonist plays a board game against a mummy to acquire a spellbook. Similarly, in a Greek novella, suitors of Penelope play marbles to win her hand, reinterpreting a contest from the Odyssey. Another ancient story replaces riddles with board games in a Sasanian work. Overall, board games symbolize the creative power of storytelling across various literary traditions.

Summary of Contracts in Nix

The new "Contracts" feature in Nix allows users to add types to legacy Nix code, addressing the lack of a strong type system in the language. This feature lets developers define and validate data structures easily.

Key points include:

1. Compatibility: Contracts can work with existing Nix configurations and make it easier to annotate them with types.

2. Type Definitions: Developers can create types using the declare keyword, which adds extra info to validator functions, making them compatible with Nix options.

3. Validators: Validators are functions that check if data is correct. The library provides built-in types like Url and Not Null and allows for custom types.

4. Contracts: A contract is defined by a type and a value, and it checks if the value meets the type’s requirements, providing helpful error messages if it doesn't.

5. Installation: Users can install the library via flakes, niv, or classic channels.

6. Error Handling: The library features customizable error messages and ensures that contract checking does not cause unrecoverable errors.

7. Performance: Users can disable checks if performance is a concern, especially in non-CI environments.

8. Simplicity: The library is designed to be minimal and does not rely on external packages, enhancing readability and correctness.

This feature aims to improve code quality and debugging in Nix by introducing a simple way to apply types and validate data.

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Summary: Building Your Own Efficient uint128 in C++

This blog post provides a guide to implementing a fixed-width 128-bit unsigned integer type (u128) in modern C++. The implementation uses two 64-bit parts (limbs) and takes advantage of x64 hardware instructions for efficient arithmetic operations.

Key Points:

• Implementation Overview: The u128 type is represented as two 64-bit unsigned integers. The arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and comparison) are implemented using x64 intrinsics, which generate efficient machine code comparable to the built-in __uint128_t type.

• Scope: The focus is on fixed-width unsigned arithmetic, specifically for x64 architectures, and does not cover dynamically-sized integers. This approach is beneficial in contexts where known bounds exist, like geometry and numerical computations.

• Arithmetic Operations:

  • Addition: Uses the _addcarry_u64 intrinsic for efficient addition with carry handling.
  • Subtraction: Similar to addition, it uses _subborrow_u64 for subtraction with borrow handling.
  • Multiplication: Implements a method to multiply two u128 numbers, utilizing the _mulx_u64 intrinsic for efficient calculations.
  • Comparison: Instead of traditional comparisons, it uses borrow flags to determine if one u128 is less than another.

• Code Generation: The generated assembly code for these operations is efficient and closely mirrors what a developer would write manually, indicating that the compiler optimizes well around these intrinsics.

• Use Case Example: The post includes a small function demonstrating how to use the u128 type in a simple arithmetic operation.

• Future Outlook: The author notes that the same principles can be extended to larger integer types and signed variants, promoting efficient arithmetic without the overhead of dynamic libraries.

This guide serves as a foundational resource for programmers looking to implement high-performance fixed-width arithmetic in C++. Full code and examples can be found in the linked resources.

Summary of Efficient String Compression for Modern Database Systems

CedarDB's New Compression Method (FSST)

• CedarDB has introduced a new text compression method called FSST (Fast Static Symbol Table) that reduces the storage size of text columns by about 50% and speeds up query performance.

Importance of String Compression

• Strings are a common data type in databases, making up roughly 50% of stored data.
• Efficient storage of strings is crucial to save resources and ensure quick query responses.

Benefits of Compression

• Compression reduces data size, which can lead to significant cost savings in cloud storage.
• It also enhances query performance by allowing data to fit into faster CPU caches, speeding up access times.

Current Compression Techniques in CedarDB

• Previously, CedarDB used methods like uncompressed, single value, and dictionary compression.
• Dictionary compression substitutes unique string values with smaller integer keys, improving access times through efficient lookups.

How FSST Works

• FSST replaces frequently occurring substrings with short, fixed-size tokens, which are much faster to process.
• It builds a symbol table from a sample of the data, allowing for efficient compression and decompression.

Integrating FSST with CedarDB

• To optimize query performance, CedarDB combines FSST with dictionary compression. This method allows efficient filtering while leveraging common data patterns for better compression.

Performance Insights

• Enabling FSST significantly reduces the storage size in benchmarks, such as ClickBench and TPC-H.
• Query performance improves for cold runs (first-time queries) but can slow down for hot runs (cached data) due to the overhead of decompressing FSST-compressed strings.

Trade-offs

• There is a balance between achieving smaller storage size and maintaining fast decompression speeds.
• Some queries may not benefit from FSST, leading to slower performance in specific cases, but overall, it improves resource usage and efficiency.

Conclusion

• CedarDB's FSST compression enhances both storage and query performance, making it a valuable addition to modern database systems. Users are encouraged to explore how these improvements can benefit their own datasets.

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The text discusses the emergence of two distinct types of AI users: "power users" and casual users.

1. Power Users: These individuals fully embrace AI technology, such as Claude Code and programming tools, often for non-technical tasks. They find significant value in AI, especially in finance, where traditional tools like Excel are limiting.

2. Casual Users: Many people are still using basic AI tools like ChatGPT, often without recognizing their potential. Microsoft Copilot, for instance, is criticized for being ineffective compared to more advanced tools.

The text highlights the risks for enterprises that rely on inferior AI tools like Copilot, which can lead to poor productivity and decision-making. Corporate IT policies often restrict access to advanced AI technologies, making it difficult for employees to innovate or improve processes.

In contrast, smaller companies without such restrictions are thriving by effectively integrating AI into their workflows. These companies can leverage well-designed APIs and flexible tools to enhance productivity significantly.

The author predicts that the future of work will be shaped by employees creating their own AI-assisted workflows, especially in environments with accessible APIs. Furthermore, the ability to use AI tools securely will be crucial for both productivity and safe operations.

Overall, the text underscores a growing divide between different levels of AI usage, where smaller companies can outpace larger enterprises due to their flexibility and access to modern tools.

MicroPythonOS is a new open-source operating system for microcontrollers, designed to provide a user experience similar to Android and iOS. It will be featured at FOSDEM 2026. Unlike other operating systems like Ariel OS, which focus on secure IoT applications, MicroPythonOS is aimed at devices with graphical user interfaces.

Key features of MicroPythonOS include:

• Built on MicroPython, enabling easy app development.
• Compatible with ESP32 microcontrollers and other devices that support MicroPython, including Raspberry Pi and desktops running Windows, Linux, or macOS.
• Offers a touch screen interface with gestures, an app store, and over-the-air updates.
• Fast performance suitable for devices with limited resources.
• Supports various hardware components like WiFi, Bluetooth, cameras, and motion sensors.

Currently, it comes with five pre-installed apps, including a launcher, WiFi configuration, and settings. Users can create various projects like smart home controllers and educational tools. The source code is available on GitHub, and installation is straightforward, especially on ESP32 devices.

For more information, you can visit the project's website or attend a talk at FOSDEM 2026.

During the construction of the HS2 train line in the UK, over 450,000 archaeological items have been discovered, including ancient Roman coins, a Neanderthal hand axe, and 19th-century gold dentures. These finds are stored in a secret warehouse in Yorkshire, where about 7,300 boxes of artifacts await further research.

Since 2018, around 1,000 archaeologists have conducted digs along the HS2 route, revealing significant historical insights spanning over 10,000 years. Despite the archaeological discoveries, HS2 has faced criticism for its high costs, delays, and environmental impact. Some believe the excavation efforts are worthwhile, while others argue that the project is not needed.

Notable items include a Roman gladiator's tag, an Anglo-Saxon spindle whorl, medieval dice, and a porcelain pug figurine found in a grave. Plans are in place to display some of these artifacts, particularly items from a recently uncovered Saxon cemetery. The future ownership and display of the majority of the finds remain uncertain, but there is a push to donate them to local museums for public enjoyment.

Data Hoarding 101 Summary

The author discusses their experience with digital backups, particularly photos, over the past decade. After accidentally deleting some personal files, they started using time-snapshots for better data protection.

They found that the rsync utility is very helpful for creating backups. The author shares a script that uses rsync to create time-stamped snapshots of a user's data directory, comparing changes to the current backup to create incremental copies.

The key features of the script include:

• It logs backup activities.
• It uses hard links to save space by not duplicating file data.
• It can be set to run automatically using cron jobs.

The author also advises caution when deleting old snapshots and credits Mike Rubel for inspiration in developing this backup method.

Summary of FOSDEM 2026: Open Source, Digital Sovereignty, and Europe's Future

FOSDEM (Free and Open Source Developers' European Meeting) is an important annual conference for open source software enthusiasts, which started in 2000. By 2026, it emphasized digital sovereignty and Europe's tech future. Discussions focused on self-hosted solutions and community-driven software, moving away from centralized platforms to empower users with control, transparency, and sustainability.

Key projects showcased included FreeBSD, DN42 network, and SmolBSD, highlighting grassroots innovation and community-operated systems. The conference's spirit of openness was exemplified by initiatives like BoxyBSD, which offered free invite codes for hands-on learning.

Attendees experienced a vibrant atmosphere, with engaging talks on infrastructure, virtualization, and minimal operating systems. Highlights included a fun cookie giveaway by Mozilla and an insightful presentation on open-source office suites by Michael Meeks.

FOSDEM 2026 saw increased attendance and interest in open source, reflecting broader political and economic discussions. However, the growing crowd raised concerns about maintaining the conference's accessibility and diversity of topics. Balancing the urgency of current issues with space for experimentation will be crucial for future events.

Ultimately, FOSDEM remains a vital space for community connection and knowledge sharing, but it faces challenges in scaling while preserving its core values of openness and accessibility.

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The New York Times announced that starting February 2, 2026, Wordle will begin reusing some words from previous years. This decision has sparked concern among players, with some questioning why the game is repeating words.

An analysis of available five-letter words showed there are plenty of options—over 5,000 unique words could sustain daily play until 2036. This raises the question of why the NYT has chosen to repeat words now.

In summary, while there are still many words left to use, the NYT's decision to reuse old words has left some players frustrated and confused.

The text uses the metaphor of rolling a snowball to explore the process of collaboration and growth in life. It describes how the snowball starts small and grows larger as more people join in, highlighting the joy and challenges of working together.

Key points include:

• Starting with a small snowball, you pack it together and roll it.
• Working alone or with others can speed up the growth of the snowball.
• Sometimes you need to redirect efforts when paths diverge.
• If collaboration fails, it might be best to start fresh rather than argue.
• As the snowball grows, it attracts more helpers, but everyone must agree on the direction when facing challenges.
• Eventually, the snowball may shrink as conditions change, but perseverance can lead to greater achievements.
• The text emphasizes the importance of following your instincts and staying motivated to keep moving forward.

Overall, it encourages embracing collaboration, adaptability, and the journey of growth.

The article discusses research on AI agent systems, which are becoming increasingly important in real-world applications. The authors conducted a study with 180 agent configurations to establish new principles for scaling these systems. They discovered that while multi-agent coordination can enhance performance on tasks that can be done in parallel, it can hurt performance on tasks that require sequential processing.

Key findings include:

1. Agentic Tasks: The study defines "agentic" tasks, which require sustained interactions, iterative information gathering, and adaptive strategies.

2. Agent Architectures: Five types of agent architectures were evaluated:

   • Single-Agent System (SAS): One agent handles all tasks.
   • Independent: Multiple agents work in parallel without communication.
   • Centralized: A central agent coordinates tasks among workers.
   • Decentralized: Agents communicate directly to share information.
   • Hybrid: A mix of central coordination and peer communication.

3. Performance Results:

   • In parallel tasks (e.g., financial analysis), centralized systems improved performance significantly.
   • In sequential tasks (e.g., planning), multi-agent systems often led to performance drops due to communication overhead.

4. Error Management: Centralized systems effectively contain errors better than independent systems, which can amplify mistakes significantly.

5. Predictive Model: The researchers developed a model that predicts the best architecture for different tasks with 87% accuracy based on task properties.

In conclusion, the research emphasizes that smarter AI models need the right architecture to perform well. Moving from intuition to quantitative principles can lead to the development of more efficient and reliable AI agents.

Summary of Amiga Unix Wiki

The Amiga Unix wiki is dedicated to Amiga UNIX (or Amix), which is Commodore's version of AT&T System V Release 4 Unix, released in 1990. Although not widely popular, Amix is significant in Amiga's history. It officially runs on the Amiga 2500UX and 3000UX models but can be used on any compatible Amiga. The WinUAE emulator has supported Amix since 2013.

The site aims to preserve Amix's history and provide guidance on installation and usage, whether on real hardware or emulators. It caters to those interested in exploring Amix, especially given its differences from modern Unix systems.

Key features of the wiki include:

• Installation guides for real hardware and emulators.
• Networking instructions and compatibility information.
• A section for software downloads and patches.
• Tutorials for using Amix and its utilities.

While Amix offers a glimpse into historical UNIX, it is not recommended for casual users due to its outdated nature and installation challenges. However, it can be a learning experience for those curious about early UNIX systems. The wiki encourages contributions from those with relevant content or experiences.

Overall, the site is a resource for enthusiasts of Amiga UNIX, focusing on its legacy and the complexities involved in using it today.

Summary: Stop Using Pseudo-Types

The article discusses the use of pseudo-types in PHP, specifically "callable" and "iterable," and encourages developers to avoid them for clearer code.

1. Pseudo-Types Defined:

   • Pseudo-types like callable and iterable are not real types. They represent sets of types with specific validation rules.

2. Callable Pseudo-Type:

   • Introduced in PHP 5.4, callable allows for functions to be referenced as strings or arrays.
   • The is_callable() function checks if a value can be called as a function.
   • Callable is a union of types (Closure, string, array) and cannot be used for typed properties because it’s not always clear at compile time if something is callable.

3. Iterable Pseudo-Type:

   • Introduced in PHP 7.1 and changed to a union type (Traversable|array) in PHP 8.2.
   • Using iterable can create confusion as it may return different types (arrays or iterators). This can lead to errors if developers assume it will always return an array.

4. Best Practices:

   • Prefer using specific types like Closure for callbacks instead of callable.
   • Use iterators (generators) for better memory efficiency and clearer code structure.
   • Avoid using pseudo-types to enhance code readability and maintainability.

5. Conclusion:

   • Favor precise types over pseudo-types to improve code quality, reduce errors, and leverage modern tools like static analyzers for better development practices.

In essence, the article advocates for clearer coding practices by steering clear of pseudo-types, promoting the use of more specific and understandable types.

Summary:

The author created an app called "Drinky" to help track their water intake and remind them to drink more water. After realizing that developing a traditional web or mobile app would be cumbersome, they opted to build a Telegram bot instead.

They chose a modern tech stack involving Cloudflare's Durable Objects for fast data storage and used the grammY library to interact with the Telegram API. Throughout the development, the author encountered several challenges, such as setting the webhook URL and enabling the bot to respond to messages, which they solved with help from others and by adjusting their code.

The author also learned that commands for the bot can be updated dynamically through the API, rather than needing to use a separate tool (BotFather). Additionally, they found that not every problem requires an AI solution; for example, they used a simple method to identify time zones instead of relying on AI.

In conclusion, the experience of building the bot was enjoyable and educational for the author.

Summary: Soldering Prototypes with Enamel Magnet Wire

Introduction: The author prefers soldering prototypes over breadboarding due to the latter's temporary nature and issues with component arrangement. They now use enamel magnet wire for better handling and easier soldering.

Soldering Process: The author outlines a 6-step process for soldering enamel magnet wire:

1. Remove a bit of enamel from the wire without cutting it.
2. Use a soldering aid to hold the wire and heat the end with a solder blob.
3. Clean the iron tip after removing the enamel.
4. Solder the wire to the PCB's source contact without cutting it.
5. Route the wire to the destination and cut it to length.
6. Bend the wire and solder the second end using tweezers for precision.

SMD Resistors: The author now prefers using 0603 SMD resistors for prototypes instead of traditional through-hole resistors, finding them easier to work with.

Soldering Setup: The author's setup includes:

• Enamel Magnet Wire: 26 AWG, easy to handle.
• Hot-air Rework Station: Budget-friendly tool for soldering and desoldering.
• PCB Holder: Useful for stable soldering and measurements.
• Wire-type Soldering Iron Tip Cleaner: Better than sponges for cleaning tips.
• Magnifying Desk Lamp: Essential for detailed work, especially with small components.
• Helping Hands Soldering Aid: Handy for holding wires.
• Multimeter: For checking soldering accuracy.

Miscellaneous Tools: Includes solder, solder wick, cutting pliers, tweezers, and prototype PCBs. The author mentions a stereo-microscope for precision work, though not used for prototypes.

Overall, the post emphasizes the benefits of using enamel magnet wire and SMD components for prototype soldering while sharing tips on tools and techniques.

Jack Kerouac's original typewritten scroll of his novel "On the Road," measuring 37 meters (121 feet) long, will be auctioned at Christie’s in March 2026. This draft, written in just three weeks in 1951, is a key piece of Beat Generation history and is expected to sell for between £1.8 million and £2.9 million ($2.5 million to $4 million).

The auction is part of a larger sale from the Jim Irsay Collection, which includes significant cultural items. Alongside the "On the Road" scroll, the auction will feature other notable manuscripts, such as Kerouac's "The Dharma Bums."

Kerouac's scroll is unique because it contains no chapters or paragraphs and uses the real names of characters before they were changed for publication. There is some controversy surrounding the auction; in 2001, a former associate of Kerouac condemned the sale, arguing that the scroll should be in a public library for everyone to see.

Heather Weintraub from Christie’s emphasized the scroll's importance as a vital piece of American literature. She expressed hope that it will be purchased by a public institution or that a private buyer will make it available for public viewing, similar to how Jim Irsay showcased his collection.

The auction will also feature other notable items, including Paul McCartney's handwritten lyrics and Jim Morrison’s journal, among nearly 400 items on display to the public before the auction.

The text introduces ÆTHRA, a new programming language designed for creating music and soundscapes. Unlike traditional programming languages, ÆTHRA focuses specifically on musical expression, allowing users to write code that directly reflects musical elements like tempo, mood, chords, and instruments.

Key features include:

• Text-based music composition
• Emphasis on chords and progressions
• Management of time and structure
• Targeted for ambient, cinematic, and emotional music
• Built with a C# interpreter

An example of ÆTHRA code shows how it can produce a slow, melancholic chord progression. The language generates WAV audio, supports various musical components, and is designed to be simple and readable.

ÆTHRA is not intended to replace digital audio workstations (DAWs) or focus on MIDI. The creator aims to merge coding, emotion, and sound design in a way where music is the primary focus.

The project is open-source and in early development (version 0.8). The creator is seeking feedback on the language design and ideas for new musical features.

For more information, visit the GitHub repository.

Pavel, a DevOps engineer, created an app called Sklad to manage operational data more securely and efficiently. He was frustrated with storing sensitive information like SSH passwords and IP addresses in insecure ways, like text files and sticky notes. Sklad is designed to be a "warehouse" for this data, running quietly in the system tray, allowing easy access without being cumbersome.

The app, built using Rust and Tauri v2, features a unique menu that lets users navigate nested folders by hovering, rather than opening new windows. For security, it uses strong encryption (AES-256-GCM) and ensures that sensitive data is wiped from memory when the vault is locked. Pavel invites feedback on the app, particularly its security features.

You can find the app's code on GitHub: Sklad Repo.

In the story "How I Taught My Neighbor to Keep the Volume Down," Ibrahim Diallo shares his experience with a noisy neighbor after moving into a new apartment. He initially enjoyed using a new RF remote for his Dish Network service, which allowed him to control his TV from anywhere. However, when his loud neighbor also got the same remote, interference caused Ibrahim's TV to change channels and volume unexpectedly.

To solve the problem, Ibrahim discovered that both remotes operated on the same frequency. Instead of retaliating, he decided to inform his neighbor about the issue, but when he visited, the neighbor dismissed him rudely. Frustrated, Ibrahim took matters into his own hands by using the remote to turn off the neighbor's TV whenever the volume exceeded a certain level. Over time, the neighbor learned to keep the volume down to avoid interruptions.

Ibrahim's method of conditioning his neighbor to be more considerate became a humorous yet effective solution to the noise problem. Ultimately, he reflects on how small actions can create a better living environment.

The article discusses the current state and future potential of AI computing power, focusing on a significant increase in chip production and its implications.

Key Points:

1. AI Compute Growth: A substantial increase in AI chip production is expected, with total wafer supply projected to rise from 117,000 in 2023 to 1 million by 2026. NVIDIA will dominate this supply, followed by Broadcom and AMD.

2. Performance Projections: The estimated computational capacity (in exaFLOPs) from major vendors shows a dramatic increase, indicating that the AI industry is gearing up for a major leap in performance around 2026.

3. Delayed Impact: There is a notable delay between when chips are produced and when they can be used effectively. Factors include manufacturing issues and the time required for installation and training in data centers.

4. Inference vs. Training: Not all new compute power will be used for training AI models; a significant portion will be allocated for inference, though training remains a costly endeavor.

5. Exciting Developments: New AI models like Opus 4.5 and Gemini 3 are showing impressive capabilities, suggesting that earlier compute investments are already yielding results.

6. Future Predictions: By 2030, if trends continue, the AI industry could reach a zettaFLOP level of computing, indicating a transformative era for AI technology on the horizon.

Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding the growth in AI computing power and its potential to revolutionize the field, despite current criticisms of AI scalability.

The Uncommon Executive is a weekly newsletter focused on career growth, leadership, and product management, written by a former Chief Product & Technology Officer who is now an executive coach. It aims to help aspiring executives, particularly women and minorities, advance in their careers.

One key topic discussed is how to successfully pitch for a promotion. Many people mistakenly focus only on their past accomplishments when making a case for promotion, believing that doing a great job should guarantee them a promotion. However, past performance alone is not enough. To strengthen a promotion case, it’s important to consider two additional factors: timing and potential.

1. Timing: Explain why you should be promoted now rather than later. Highlight what the company stands to gain from promoting you at this moment.
2. Potential: Demonstrate your ability to succeed in the new role and the significant impact it could have on the business.

To effectively make your case, consider how your promotion aligns with business needs, such as the necessity for leadership in a more senior role, and how it relates to critical company goals. It’s also important to show how your promotion could enhance your effectiveness and benefit the organization overall.

In summary, a successful promotion pitch should include a combination of past performance, the urgency of timing, and the importance of your role to the business's success. By addressing all three aspects, you can significantly increase your chances of being promoted.

Mobile carriers can track your GPS location using your phone. In iOS 26.3, Apple added a feature to limit how much precise location data is shared with cellular networks, but only for devices with Apple's new modem from 2025.

Carriers usually determine your location through cell towers, which can only provide rough estimates (tens to hundreds of meters). However, they can also access your exact GPS coordinates through protocols that let your phone send this data directly to them.

These protocols, known as Radio Resources LCS Protocol (RRLP) for 2G and 3G, and LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) for 4G and 5G, operate quietly in the background without users knowing. While GPS data is meant to stay on your device, it can be requested by the network, similar to reading a road sign without informing anyone else.

This capability is not widely acknowledged, even though it has been used in law enforcement operations, such as by the DEA in the U.S. and Israeli security services. These agencies have used it for tracking individuals without needing a search warrant.

There are concerns about whether foreign carriers can exploit these systems to spy on individuals, and while Apple has made efforts to enhance privacy, it is suggested that users should have more control over their location data and be notified when it is accessed.

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Summary:

The report "Typechecking Is Undecidable When 'Type' Is a Type" by Mark B. Reinhold discusses the concept of dependent types in programming, where the type of a function's output relies on the input's value. It explains that in certain typed systems, especially those using a calculus called λ-calculus, this leads to significant expressive power but also creates challenges in typechecking.

Key points include:

• Dependent Types: A function can have a type that varies based on its argument, exemplified by a function that returns a vector of zeroes with a length determined by an integer input.
• Type of All Types: There is a concept of a "type of all types," which allows types to be treated like values, enabling complex programming constructs like polymorphism.
• Undecidability of Typechecking: The report establishes that there is no effective algorithm to determine the type of a program in systems with these features. This undecidability arises from the need for computations during typechecking, which can lead to paradoxes, such as Girard's paradox.
• Properties of the λ-calculus:* The report outlines various properties of this calculus, noting that while it preserves type during computation, it fails in aspects like strong normalization, making certain relationships and equations undecidable.
• Implications: These findings illustrate the complexities and limitations of type systems in programming languages, particularly those that allow for higher-level abstractions and polymorphism.

Overall, the report highlights the powerful yet complex nature of dependent types and the challenges they pose for typechecking in programming languages.

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The website is checking your browser. If you own the website, you can click a link to resolve the issue.

The text discusses the biography "Troublemaker: The Fierce, Unruly Life of Jessica Mitford" by Carla Kaplan, focusing on the life of Jessica Mitford, one of the famous Mitford sisters.

Key Points:

1. Mitford Sisters' Legacy: The Mitford sisters, known for their distinct personalities and controversial beliefs, continue to capture public interest even after their deaths. Each sister has become a subject of study, with Jessica being noted for her communist views.

2. Jessica Mitford's Background: Jessica, also known as Decca, grew up in an aristocratic family that had a detached view of social issues. She was rebellious from a young age, desiring to escape her privileged but sheltered upbringing.

3. Life Experiences: Throughout her life, Jessica faced personal tragedies, including the death of her daughter and her tumultuous marriage. Her experiences shaped her political activism and journalistic career in America, where she became involved in civil rights issues.

4. Political Activism: After moving to the U.S., she became a prominent figure in the civil rights movement, advocating against racism and injustice. Kaplan portrays her as a dedicated activist who navigated the complexities of her aristocratic background while fighting for social causes.

5. Family Dynamics: The relationships between Jessica and her sisters were fraught with tension, particularly regarding their differing political beliefs. Despite these conflicts, family ties remained strong.

6. Final Years: As she aged, Jessica dealt with illness and personal challenges, including her husband’s infidelity. Despite her family's fame, she remained a significant figure in her own right, contributing to political discourse until her death in 1996.

Overall, Kaplan’s biography presents Jessica Mitford as a complex individual whose life was marked by rebellion, tragedy, and a relentless pursuit of social justice.

Summary of "What I learned building an opinionated and minimal coding agent"

In the past three years, I have evolved from using basic code assistance tools to more advanced AI coding agents. My preferred tool, Claude Code, became overly complex for my needs, prompting me to create my own simpler coding agent harness named "pi."

Key components of pi include:

• pi-ai: A unified API supporting multiple AI providers (like OpenAI and Anthropic), allowing for seamless operation and context handoff between models.
• pi-agent-core: Manages the execution of tasks and handles events.
• pi-tui: A minimal terminal user interface (TUI) that focuses on efficient rendering and user interaction.

I prioritized a minimal approach, only implementing features I deemed necessary. I found that context management is crucial for effective coding assistance, and many existing tools complicate this process. My design philosophy avoids unnecessary features, ensuring a straightforward user experience.

I also adopted a unique approach to terminal UIs, favoring a retained mode that allows for efficient updates without flicker. The agent operates in "YOLO" mode, giving it unrestricted access to the filesystem and command execution for flexibility and efficiency.

Overall, pi has been successfully utilized in various projects, demonstrating that a minimal and opinionated design can outperform more complex systems. I welcome contributions but maintain a focused direction to ensure maintainability and usability.

The article discusses a Thunderbolt to 25 Gigabit Ethernet adapter, which is compact, powered by the host, and requires no extra power supply, making it convenient for both mobile and desktop use. It is available in single and dual port versions, with prices starting at $157. The adapter is plug-and-play on macOS but has received mixed reviews on Amazon.

Key points include:

• The device can overheat significantly, leading to network issues and crashes.
• Performance tests showed it can achieve high data transfer rates, close to the limits of Thunderbolt technology.
• Despite its good performance, the heat management is a concern, and some users have suggested removing its casing to improve cooling, though this compromises protection.
• The internal components consist of a Mellanox network card and a Thunderbolt adapter, which are quality parts but may require additional cooling solutions for stability.
• The author improved heat management by adding larger heatsinks, which helped keep temperatures down.
• Firmware updates for the device can only be performed on Linux or Windows systems, not macOS.

In conclusion, while the adapter offers solid performance, users need to be mindful of its heat issues and consider modifications for better reliability.

Summary:

At Formal, we extensively use coding tools like ClaudeCode for software development and aim to maintain efficient local development on our powerful laptops. However, the requirement to approve each file edit and command can slow down our workflow. ClaudeCode can allow certain commands and file edits without approvals, which speeds up development but also raises security concerns, as it might allow the execution of unwanted commands.

We primarily work with TypeScript and Go, and there are risks associated with commands like gotest, gogenerate, and gobuild, where allowing certain actions could lead to arbitrary code execution. For example, if gotest is allowlisted, it could execute any command through file edits. Similarly, using Docker commands could give ClaudeCode root access if not properly controlled.

The challenge with allowlisting commands is that many development tools are designed to execute user-provided code, and this can inadvertently allow malicious code execution. While we expect that using ClaudeCode might reduce the likelihood of running unwanted commands compared to traditional methods, quantifying this risk is complex.

To mitigate these risks, sandboxing is suggested as an alternative approach. Running coding tools in a restricted environment limits their permissions regardless of the commands they execute. Various tools, including Cursor and ClaudeCode, are developing sandboxing features to enhance security.

A recent study published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science found that just 150 minutes of aerobic exercise each week can help keep your brain looking younger. Adults aged 26 to 58 who exercised regularly for a year had brains that appeared nearly one year younger compared to those who didn't change their activity levels.

The study involved 130 healthy participants who were divided into an exercise group and a control group. Those in the exercise group followed a routine that included two supervised workouts each week and additional home exercise. After one year, the exercisers showed a decrease in brain age, while the control group’s brains appeared slightly older.

The findings suggest that maintaining an active lifestyle during midlife can promote better brain health and potentially delay cognitive decline. Researchers noted that even small changes in brain age could have significant long-term health benefits. However, they also emphasized the need for more extensive studies to confirm these effects and understand the underlying mechanisms.

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Summary: Notepad++ Security Breach

In February 2026, it was revealed that Notepad++ was compromised by hackers, believed to be a Chinese state-sponsored group. The attack started in June 2025 and involved the hosting provider, where malicious actors redirected update traffic for Notepad++.

Key points include:

• The hackers gained access to the hosting server until September 2, 2025, but retained internal service credentials until December 2, 2025, allowing continued redirection of update traffic.
• The attackers specifically targeted Notepad++ due to known vulnerabilities in its update system.
• The hosting provider has since fixed vulnerabilities and enhanced security, successfully blocking further attacks.

To improve security, Notepad++ has moved to a new hosting provider with better protections and updated its updater software to verify downloads more securely. Users are encouraged to update to version 8.9.1 for enhanced security measures.

The incident highlights the importance of strong security practices to prevent similar breaches in the future.

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We have been working on automating coding agents in sandboxes, but we've found that the agents vary widely in how they are standardized and used. To address this, we created the Sandbox Agent SDK, which aims to solve three main issues:

1. Universal Agent API: This allows users to interact with any coding agent using the same interface.
2. Running Agents in Sandboxes: The Agent Sandbox provides a Rust binary that makes it easier to use the universal API without dealing with complicated and undocumented interfaces.
3. Universal Session Schema: This helps keep conversation records outside the containers, ensuring we maintain control over the data structure.

The Agent Sandbox SDK includes features like:

• A universal API for all coding agents.
• The option to run as an HTTP server or with a TypeScript SDK.
• A universal schema for storing agent conversations.
• Compatibility with various sandbox providers like Daytona, E2B, and Vercel.
• A lightweight Rust binary that can be easily installed.
• Comprehensive documentation through an OpenAPI spec.

We plan to add more features soon and welcome any feedback or questions.

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I created a 3D game engine for the Nintendo DS that lets you write and play games right on the console. It's built in C using libnds and makes a small 100KB game file that runs smoothly at 60 frames per second. The engine includes a touch-friendly code editor on the bottom screen and displays 3D graphics on the top screen. It even comes with a simple 3D pong game as an example.

Researchers from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and Johns Hopkins University have discovered a new way to manipulate AI systems like self-driving cars and drones using indirect prompt injection. This occurs when these systems interpret misleading information from signs, leading them to make incorrect decisions. For example, a self-driving car might ignore a pedestrian in a crosswalk if it reads a sign instructing it to proceed.

The researchers tested various signs with commands in different languages and found that both the wording and design of the signs significantly impacted the AI's response. They developed a method called CHAI (Command Hijacking Against Embodied AI) to enhance the effectiveness of these attacks, achieving an 81.8% success rate with self-driving cars in simulated environments.

In physical tests, a remote-controlled car equipped with AI showed similar vulnerabilities, successfully responding to misleading signs in various lighting conditions. The findings highlight the potential risks of AI systems being manipulated in real-world scenarios and emphasize the need for new defenses against such attacks. The researchers plan to conduct further experiments to explore the effectiveness and detection of these indirect prompt injections.

Finland is considering a ban on social media for children under 15, supported by Prime Minister Petteri Orpo and two-thirds of the population. This follows a successful ban on mobile phone use in schools, which has encouraged more physical activity and creativity among students. Concerns about the negative effects of social media on youth, including rising self-harm and eating disorders, have prompted this discussion. Finnish researcher Silja Kosola describes the current situation as an "uncontrolled human experiment."

Australia has recently implemented a similar ban, prohibiting children under 16 from using popular social media platforms after a tragic incident involving a young girl's suicide. This legislation aims to hold social media companies accountable for keeping kids off their platforms.

While some support Finland emulating Australia's approach, others caution against it. They suggest focusing on digital education and literacy instead, leveraging Finland's strengths in education and media literacy.

Automatic programming refers to the use of technology to write computer programs with minimal human intervention. It aims to simplify the programming process by allowing machines to generate code based on high-level specifications or user inputs. This can enhance productivity, reduce errors, and make programming more accessible to non-experts. Key benefits include faster development times and the ability to focus on higher-level design rather than detailed coding tasks.

Summary of Apple Platform Security (January 2026)

Apple Platform Security focuses on ensuring the safety of personal information across its devices, including iPhones, iPads, Macs, and more. The security framework combines hardware, software, and services to protect user data and facilitate secure operations.

Key Areas of Security:

1. Hardware Security and Biometrics: Apple devices use secure silicon that includes dedicated components like the Secure Enclave for biometric data (Face ID, Touch ID) and encryption.
2. System Security: Features like secure boot and signed system volumes protect the operating system from unauthorized access.
3. Encryption and Data Protection: Apple utilizes robust encryption methods to safeguard data, ensuring it remains secure even if a device is lost or stolen.
4. App Security: Apple enforces a safe app ecosystem through app code signing and security measures for apps across different operating systems.
5. Services Security: This includes secure identification, password management, and payment services like Apple Pay and iCloud.
6. Network Security: Apple employs industry-standard protocols to secure data transmission and protect user privacy during online activities.
7. Developer Kit Security: Apple provides secure frameworks for developers to build apps that enhance user privacy and data security.
8. Secure Device Management: This allows organizations to manage devices securely and remotely wipe data if necessary.

Apple is committed to privacy as a fundamental right and continuously improves its security technologies. The document serves as a guide for organizations to implement these security features effectively, ensuring they take full advantage of Apple's comprehensive security capabilities.

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VisualJJ is a tool for Visual Studio Code that enhances your experience with Git and Jujutsu. It provides a clear change tree to track your edits and manage your project’s history easily. Key features include:

• Easy Rebase and Edit: Simplifies the process of reshaping commits with drag-and-drop functionality, helping you maintain a clean project history.
• Deferred Conflict Resolution: Manages conflicts in a user-friendly way, allowing you to resolve issues step by step without losing your progress.
• Smooth GitHub Integration: Lets you track pull request statuses and create PRs directly from your editor.

With VisualJJ, you can focus on your work without the usual stress of version control. Users have praised its intuitive design and effectiveness.

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The text is about checking your browser, which is a quick process that only takes a few seconds.

Minimal is an open-source project that provides a collection of secure container images created using tools like Apko, Melange, and Wolfi. These images are built daily and updated quickly when fixes are available. Minimal shows that we can create and maintain secure container images independently. The project plans to support more images in the future and aims to be community-driven, allowing users to customize and add images as needed.

Summary:

A serious security vulnerability was discovered in OpenClaw, an AI personal assistant used by over 100,000 developers. This flaw allowed hackers to perform a 1-Click Remote Code Execution (RCE) attack, meaning a single click on a malicious link could compromise a user's data and control over their device.

The vulnerability stems from a logic error in the code that lets an attacker change the gateway URL to their own server, allowing them to intercept sensitive authentication tokens. This could enable the attacker to access the victim's data and perform actions on their behalf.

The attack process involves:

1. The victim clicks a malicious link.
2. The attacker captures the authentication token from the victim's OpenClaw instance.
3. The attacker can then log in and access the victim's personal information.

To further exploit the vulnerability, the attacker can bypass local network restrictions and disable safety features, allowing them to run harmful commands on the victim's machine.

The OpenClaw team has since patched the vulnerability, requiring users to upgrade their software and change their tokens if they suspect a breach.

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Voiden is a new open-source API tool designed to be simple and efficient. Unlike many API tools that require accounts and syncing, Voiden treats API work like files. It is an offline-first tool that uses Markdown to keep specifications, tests, and documentation together in your project repository.

Key features include:

• No cloud storage or account creation needed
• Based on Markdown and Git for easy version control
• Extensible through plugins (such as gRPC and WSS)

You can find Voiden on GitHub here and download it here. The creators welcome feedback from users who are looking for simpler API solutions.

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A solo developer has created an open-source deep research tool that outperforms Google, OpenAI, and Perplexity in several areas. You can check it out at veritas-test.neocities.org. The developer emphasizes that knowledge should be accessible to everyone and not hidden behind paywalls.

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The author created a project called Moltbots that allows bots to sign up and communicate through a command-line interface (CLI) without needing any human involvement. This is done just for fun to observe their conversations.

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Here's a simplified summary of the text titled "Guix System First Impressions as a Nix User":

Summary:

The author shares their experience transitioning to the Guix System after using various Linux distributions over the years, mainly NixOS. They were drawn to Guix because it uses Scheme for configuration instead of the more complex Nix language. After installing Guix, they encountered several issues, such as slow installation speeds and problems with the desktop environment (KDE Plasma).

Key Points:

1. Background: The author has been using Linux for about ten years, switching through different distributions before settling on NixOS. They were attracted to NixOS for its ability to create isolated development environments and manage packages declaratively.

2. Installation: The installation process was straightforward, but it faced significant slowdowns, taking over two hours due to slow download speeds. They had issues with the graphical environment not functioning correctly after installation.

3. Initial Challenges: After the initial setup, they struggled with issues like missing window borders in KDE and had to troubleshoot using the community for support. They also experimented with enabling Nonguix, a repository for non-free software, which caused further complications.

4. Goals: The author aimed to replicate their NixOS workflow in Guix, needing software like browsers, email clients, development environments, and gaming support.

5. Results: Despite initial hurdles, the author found Guix to be impressive overall. They successfully installed most of their desired software and appreciated the helpful community. However, they noted some drawbacks like slow download speeds and confusion regarding command usage.

6. Pros and Cons:

   • Pros: Helpful community, easy configuration, good package availability, and a more approachable configuration language (Scheme).
   • Cons: Slow substitute server speeds, limited documentation, and some command clarity issues.

Overall, the author is pleasantly surprised by Guix and plans to continue using it as their main operating system, hoping to explore packaging in Guix in the future.

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On February 1, 2026, the author experienced issues with Apple's Time Machine backup system after it unexpectedly stopped working for two months without any notifications. The problem arose due to Apple changing the default SMB settings on macOS Tahoe, which affected the compatibility with their Synology NAS.

To fix the issue, the author edited the nsmb.conf file on their Mac and adjusted settings on the Synology NAS. However, they are concerned about future changes from Apple that could break Time Machine again.

As a more reliable backup solution, the author plans to use a Docker image called mbentley/timemachine on a Proxmox server with ZFS storage, which offers better control over the SMB setup.

Additionally, the author has been considering using Borg Backup for their Macs and expressed frustration over ongoing issues with iOS device setup.

Overall, the author is dissatisfied with Apple's lack of communication about changes impacting Time Machine, calling for improvements in their software experience.

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is important for high-performance computing and deep learning. Although new hardware like ARM's Scalable Matrix Extension (SME) helps with matrix operations, current libraries do not fully utilize its capabilities, especially for large matrices. This paper introduces MpGEMM, an open-source library that optimizes GEMM by taking advantage of SME's features. MpGEMM uses techniques like cache-aware partitioning, efficient data packing, and specialized micro-kernels to improve performance. Tests on an Apple M4 Pro show that MpGEMM is, on average, 1.23 times faster than the optimized Apple Accelerate library and outperforms other open-source options.

Summary of Living on Earth - November 22, 1996

This episode features several key segments:

1. William McDonough: Green Designer - Architect Bill McDonough, Dean of Architecture at the University of Virginia, promotes the idea of "green design" that harmonizes technology with ecology. He emphasizes the need to redesign industrial systems to eliminate waste, stating, "Waste equals food."

2. Listener Letters - Responses to a previous segment on improving nursing homes, with suggestions like incorporating cooking and community service into residents' routines.

3. Living on Earth Almanac - Highlights the history of birth control in the U.S., noting how access has evolved since the first clinic opened 80 years ago.

4. EV-1 Electric Car Launch - General Motors plans to lease the EV-1, its first electric car, starting December 5, 1996. The vehicle aims to address consumer fears about new technology.

5. Urbanization in Africa - Reporter Cindy Shiner discusses the rapid urban growth in Accra, Ghana, where the population is expected to rise significantly. Efforts are being made to integrate rural migrants into the urban community.

6. Thanksgiving Native Harvest - Joseph Bruchac, an Abenaki storyteller, shares harvest recipes and the significance of gratitude in Native American culture around Thanksgiving.

The program emphasizes the importance of innovative design in addressing environmental challenges and encourages proactive engagement in sustainability.